Unit 8 Safe and sound单元话题阅读专项练习2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** 以“安全与防护”为核心主题，整合自然灾害认知与安全技能，通过阅读与任务型题型系统培养语言理解及问题解决能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|6篇（29题）|细节理解、词义猜测、主旨归纳|从台风命名、洪水/地震/火灾安全指南到海绵城市，构建“自然现象-安全措施-城市应对”认知链| |任务型阅读|6篇（25题）|信息提取、简答、概括|通过火灾自救、历史暴雪、山地救援等案例，实现安全知识从理论到实践的迁移|

Unit 8 Safe and sound单元话题阅读专项练习 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读理解 （一） Typhoon Naming Systems Typhoons are powerful storms that form over warm ocean waters. Different regions have different names for these storms. In the Northwest Pacific, they are called typhoons. In the Atlantic, they are called hurricanes. In the Indian Ocean, they are called cyclones. Why do we give names to typhoons? Naming helps us identify and track storms more easily. It also makes it easier for the public to remember and prepare for them. If a storm is given a name, people are more likely to pay attention to warnings. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) manages the naming lists for different regions. Each region has its own list of names. In the Northwest Pacific, the names come from several countries and regions, including China, Japan, South Korea and the Philippines. The names are used in rotation. When a typhoon causes severe damage, its name is often retired and replaced with a new one. For example, the name “Haiyan” was retired after it caused massive destruction in the Philippines in 2013. “Mangkhut” was also retired after damaging many countries in 2018. Knowing the names of typhoons can help people stay informed and prepared. It reminds us that these storms are not just weather events—they are powerful forces of nature that require our respect and caution. 1．In which ocean are storms called “cyclones”? A．The Atlantic Ocean. B．The Indian Ocean. C．The Pacific Ocean. D．The Arctic Ocean. 2．Why do we give names to typhoons? A．To make them sound more interesting. B．To help identify and track them. C．To honour the countries that name them. D．To make the news more exciting. 3．Which organization manages the typhoon naming lists? A．The United Nations. B．The World Meteorological Organization. C．The Red Cross. D．The International Weather Centre. 4．What happens when a typhoon causes severe damage? A．Its name is used more often. B．Its name is retired and replaced. C．Its name is given to another storm. D．Its name is changed to a number. 5．Which typhoon name was retired after the 2018 season? A．Haiyan. B．Mangkhut. C．Hagupit. D．Lekima. （二） Flood Safety Guide ①Floods are one of the most common natural disasters. They can happen quickly and cause widespread damage. Knowing how to stay safe before, during and after a flood can save lives. ②Before a flood, prepare an emergency kit. Include bottled water, non-perishable food, a flashlight, batteries, a first-aid kit, and important documents. Keep it in an easy-to-reach place. Know the safest evacuation routes in your area. If you live in a flood-prone area, consider buying flood insurance. Keep a battery-powered radio to listen to weather updates. ③During a flood, move to higher ground immediately. Do not walk, swim or drive through floodwater. Six inches of moving water can knock you down, and two feet of water can sweep away a vehicle. If you are trapped in a building, go to the highest floor. If you are told to evacuate, do so immediately. ④After a flood, be careful when returning home. Check for structural damage before entering. Do not touch electrical equipment if it is wet. Avoid floodwater as it may be polluted. Take photos of the damage for insurance purposes. Listen for news reports to find out if your water supply is safe to drink. ⑤Floods are dangerous, but if you are prepared and stay calm, you can protect yourself and your family. 6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph ② refer to? A．The flood. B．The emergency kit. C．The flashlight. D．The radio. 7．Why does the writer say “two feet of water can sweep away a vehicle” in Paragraph ③? A．To explain how floods happen. B．To warn people not to drive through floodwater. C．To describe the power of water. D．To show how to prepare for floods. 8．What should you do after a flood according to the passage? A．Drink water from the tap immediately. B．Touch electrical equipment to check if it works. C．Check for structural damage before entering a building. D．Walk through floodwater to check the damage. 9．What should you include in an emergency kit before a flood? A．Fresh vegetables and meat. B．A television and a computer. C．Bottled water, food, flashlight and first-aid kit. D．Furniture and clothing. 10．Which is the right structure of the passage? A．①→②③→④⑤ B．①→②→③→④→⑤ C．①②→③→④⑤ D．①→②③④→⑤ （三） Last summer, Tom’s hometown in southern China faced a terrible flood. Heavy rain fell for seven days straight, and the river near the village rose quickly. Soon, water started to enter people’s houses. Tom was 14 years old at that time, and he lived with his parents and little sister, Lily. One evening, the water became higher and higher. Their house was on the first floor, so the living room was soon under water. Tom’s dad told them to pack some clothes and food, then go to the roof. “Stay here and don’t move,” he said. “I’ll go to help the neighbors.” Tom’s mom held Lily tightly, and Tom felt a little scared, but he knew he had to be brave. On the roof, they could see many houses were flooded. Some people were shouting for help. Tom remembered what his teacher taught at school: when a flood happens, stay calm and use things that float. He saw a big wooden box in the yard. It was floating on the water. “Mom, let’s take that box!” Tom said. He climbed down carefully with a rope and pulled the box to the house. Just then, they heard a cry from the next door. It was Mrs. Lee, an old woman who lived alone. Her roof was lower, and water was almost touching it. Tom’s mom wanted to help, but she couldn’t leave Lily. Tom said, “I’ll go, Mom. I’m strong enough.” He took the rope, tied it around his waist, and swam to Mrs. Lee’s house. The water was fast, but he reached her safely. He helped Mrs. Lee climb into the wooden box, then pulled her back to his roof. After a few hours, the rescue team came by boat. They took everyone to a safe place. Everyone praised Tom for being brave. Tom said, “I just did what I should do. My teacher taught us to help others when disaster strikes.” This experience taught Tom that staying calm and helping each other can get through difficult times. 11．What disaster happened to Tom’s hometown? A．A big fire. B．A terrible flood. C．A strong wind. D．An earthquake. 12．Where did Tom’s family go to stay safe? A．The living room. B．The village square. C．The roof of their house. D．A neighbor’s house. 13．What did Tom use to help Mrs. Lee? A．A rope and a wooden box. B．A boat and a life jacket. C．A ladder and a chair. D．A backpack and a bottle of water. 14．What did Tom’s teacher teach him about dealing with floods? A．Run to the village square quickly. B．Stay calm and use floating objects. C．Call the rescue team at once. D．Help neighbors before saving family. 15．What did Tom learn from the experience? A．Floods are very dangerous and scary. B．Staying calm and helping others helps get through disasters. C．It’s better to run away when disasters happen. D．Only adults can help during disasters. （四） Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters. They strike without warning and can cause widespread devastation. Knowing how to stay safe during an earthquake can dramatically increase your chances of survival. If you are indoors when an earthquake strikes, remember the “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” rule. Drop to your hands and knees to prevent being knocked over. Cover your head and neck with your arms and take cover under a sturdy table or desk. Hold on to the table legs and be prepared to move with it. Stay away from windows, glass and heavy furniture that could fall. If you are outdoors, move to an open area away from buildings, power lines and trees. Do not stand under bridges or overpasses. If you are in a vehicle, pull over to a safe place and stop. Stay in the vehicle until the shaking stops. Avoid stopping on or under bridges. After the earthquake, be prepared for aftershocks. These smaller tremors can continue for hours or even days after the main shock. Check for injuries and provide first aid if necessary. If you are trapped, cover your mouth and nose to avoid inhaling dust. Send a text message or tap on a pipe to alert rescuers to your location. Advance preparation is key to surviving an earthquake. Secure heavy furniture to the walls and prepare an emergency kit. Practice earthquake drills with your family so that everyone knows what to do. 16．What is the first step in the “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” rule? A．Cover your head. B．Drop to your hands and knees. C．Hold on to the table legs. D．Run outside. 17．If you are outdoors during an earthquake, what should you do? A．Stand near a building. B．Move to an open area away from buildings and power lines. C．Stay under a tree. D．Stand on a bridge. 18．What should you do after an earthquake? A．Immediately return indoors. B．Ignore aftershocks. C．Be prepared for aftershocks and check for injuries. D．Stand near damaged buildings. 19．How can you alert rescuers if you are trapped? A．Shout loudly. B．Send a text message or tap on a pipe. C．Use a whistle. D．Wave your hands. 20．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To describe the effects of earthquakes. B．To provide safety tips for earthquakes. C．To compare earthquakes with other disasters. D．To encourage people to move away from earthquake zones. （五） Fire is one of the most common and dangerous household threats. According to the National Fire Protection Association, firefighters respond to a fire every 24 seconds in the United States. Many of these fires could have been prevented with proper safety measures. Kitchen fires are the leading cause of home fires. Never leave cooking unattended. If a pan catches fire, cover it with a lid and turn off the heat. Do not attempt to carry the pan outside. Keep flammable items like towels and curtains away from the stove. Smoke alarms are crucial for early fire detection. Install smoke alarms on every floor of your home and test them monthly. Replace the batteries at least once a year. Also, have a fire extinguisher in the kitchen and know how to use it. Develop a fire escape plan and practice it with your family. Identify two ways out of every room and establish a meeting place outside. Practice the plan at least twice a year. In a fire, get out quickly and stay out. Do not go back inside to retrieve belongings. Fire safety is about being prepared and staying calm. By taking simple steps, you can significantly reduce your risk of a house fire and ensure the safety of your loved ones. 21．What is the leading cause of home fires? A．Electrical faults. B．Kitchen fires. C．Cigarettes. D．Candles. 22．What should you do if a pan catches fire? A．Carry it outside. B．Throw water on it. C．Cover it with a lid and turn off the heat. D．Call the fire department first. 23．How often should you test your smoke alarms? A．Once a year. B．Monthly. C．Weekly. D．Daily. 24．What should you do in a fire according to the passage? A．Collect your belongings first. B．Get out quickly and stay out. C．Open all the windows. D．Hide in the basement. 25．What is the main message of this passage? A．Fire is not dangerous. B．Fire safety requires preparation and calm action. C．You should never use a fire extinguisher. D．Smoke alarms are not important. （六） Many cities around the world face increasing problems with flooding, especially during heavy rains. Traditional city designs often use large areas of concrete and roads, which prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground. This leads to runoff (径流) and floods. To address this, China is developing a new concept called “Sponge Cities”. A “Sponge City” is designed to absorb, store, filter, and reuse rainwater, much like a sponge. This involves several strategies. For example, permeable roads and sidewalks are built, allowing water to pass through them into the soil below. Green roofs and walls are created on buildings, which can absorb rainwater and cool down the city. Parks and wetlands are also important parts of sponge cities, as they can temporarily hold large amounts of water and gradually release it. The benefits of Sponge Cities are numerous. Firstly, they effectively reduce urban flooding by managing rainwater locally. Secondly, they improve water quality by filtering pollutants (污染物) as water soaks into the ground. Thirdly, they help to replenish (补充) underground water sources, which is important for long-term water supply. Fourthly, by increasing green spaces, they help to cool down cities, making them more comfortable and beautiful. While building Sponge Cities requires significant investment and careful planning, the long-term environmental and economic benefits are huge. It’s a sustainable approach to urban development, offering a greener and safer future for city dwellers. China aims to transform 80% of its cities into “Sponge Cities” by 2030, showing a strong commitment to this innovative solution. 26．What is the main problem that “Sponge Cities” aim to solve? A．Lack of green spaces in cities. B．Air pollution in urban areas. C．Urban flooding during heavy rains. D．High cost of building new roads. 27．Which of the following is NOT a strategy used in “Sponge Cities”? A．Building permeable roads. B．Creating green roofs and walls. C．Using traditional concrete roads everywhere. D．Developing more parks and wetlands. 28．What does the underlined word “permeable” in Paragraph 2 most likely mean? A．Allowing water to pass through. B．Very strong and durable. C．Made of concrete. D．Not affected by heat. 29．Which of the following is a benefit of “Sponge Cities”? A．They increase urban air pollution. B．They reduce underground water sources. C．They make cities hotter. D．They improve water quality. 二、任务型阅读 （七） What to Do in a House Fire A house fire is one of the most frightening emergencies you can face. But if you stay calm and follow these steps, you can increase your chances of survival. First, get out and stay out. If you hear the smoke alarm or smell smoke, leave the house immediately. Don’t stop to get your phone, money or toys. Once you are outside, do not go back in for any reason. Second, stay low to the ground. Smoke rises, so the air near the floor is cleaner and cooler. Crawl on your hands and knees to the nearest exit. Cover your mouth and nose with a cloth to help you breathe. Third, check doors before opening them. Touch the door with the back of your hand. If it is warm, do not open it. Find another way out. If it is cool, open it slowly and carefully. Be ready to close it quickly if there is smoke or fire behind it. Fourth, if your clothes catch fire, stop, drop and roll. Cover your face with your hands and roll back and forth on the ground until the flames go out. Finally, call 119 from a neighbour’s phone or a safe place. Tell the operator your address clearly. Stay outside and wait for the firefighters to arrive. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 30．What should you do first if you hear the smoke alarm? 31．Why should you stay low to the ground during a fire? 32．How can you check if a door is safe to open? 33．What does “stop, drop and roll” mean? 34．What should you do after you get outside safely? （八） The Great Blizzard of 1888 In March 1888, a terrible blizzard hit the northeastern United States. It was one of the worst snowstorms in American history. The storm lasted for three days and dropped more than 50 inches of snow in some areas. On the day the storm began, the weather was warm and sunny. Many people went to work without warm coats. They had no idea what was coming. By noon, the temperature had dropped suddenly and a strong wind began to blow. Within hours, the snow was falling so heavily that people could not see more than a few meters in front of them. Many people were trapped in their offices, schools or on trains. Some people tried to walk home but got lost in the snow. Over 400 people died in the storm, many from the cold. After the blizzard, cities realized they needed better ways to prepare for winter storms. They started to build underground railways and telephone lines to keep the cities running even in bad weather. The blizzard also led to the creation of weather forecasting services.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 35．When did the Great Blizzard of 1888 happen? 36．Why were many people not prepared for the storm? 37．How many people died in the blizzard? 38．What did cities do after the blizzard to prepare for future storms? 39．What is the main lesson from this historical event? （九） A Lost Night in the Mountains Last autumn, Li Ming and his cousin Zhang Wei went hiking in the Qinling Mountains. They were experienced hikers, but this trip turned out to be more challenging than they expected. In the afternoon, they decided to take a short rest near a stream. While Zhang Wei was washing his face, he noticed the sky was turning grey. “We should head back now,” he said. But Li Ming wanted to explore a little further. He had heard about a beautiful waterfall nearby and didn’t want to miss it. They walked for another hour but couldn’t find the waterfall. By then, it was getting dark and they had lost their way. “We need to find a safe place for the night,” Li Ming said. He knew they should not keep moving in the dark. They found a small cave under a rock. It was not very big, but it could protect them from the cold wind. Li Ming built a small fire using dry branches and grass. They had brought some food and water, but they had to be careful not to use up everything. They took turns staying awake to keep the fire burning. The next morning, they heard the sound of a helicopter. They waved their jackets and shouted as loudly as they could. The helicopter spotted them and a rescue team came to take them down the mountain. The lesson Li Ming learned that day was that safety comes first, and that it is important to listen to warnings and never go exploring alone without good preparation. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。（每题答案不超过10个词） 40．When did Li Ming and Zhang Wei go hiking? 41．What did Li Ming want to find? 42．Where did they spend the night? 43．How did the rescue team find them? 44．What lesson did Li Ming learn from this experience? （十） Earthquakes may happen in some areas every year. How can we save ourselves when an earthquake happens? Remember the following advice that can keep you safe. Leave quickly. Leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking. Don’t use a lift. It may be very dangerous. You should be careful and try not to fall down when you go downstairs. Accidents may happen when many people rush into crowded stairs. Remember to run to the ground away from street lights or power lines. Find a safe place. If you can’t leave in time, you should hide yourselves under a table and stay away from windows. If you are in a bus or car, stay in it. If you are in the mountains, be careful of falling rocks. Value lives. Some people care about the things that are valuable. You will lose the best opportunity to run away. Anything is less valuable than your lives. Keep calm. When you are caught in a building, you should keep calm. Don’t shout all the time. You should save your energy and try to find some food and water. 45．Is it safe to use a lift when an earthquake happens? 46．What should we do to keep safe if we can’t escape from the building in time? 47．What is the most valuable thing to us according to the passage? 48．What can we learn from the passage? 49．Should people take this earthquake safety advice? （十一） Nowadays, we have kinds of technologies (科技) to protect us from different disasters. We even know where and when some disasters, like the typhoon and the flood, will hit. While most of the new technologies are far away from us, some around us can help people in disasters. The drone (无人机) is one of them. It can be used to send food and water when a natural disaster happens. Very often the buildings are too dangerous for rescue (救援) teams to get in. They can make the drones fly into the buildings to search for those who are still alive first. The drones are also a useful tool for firemen, helping them find and fight wildfires. In some faraway places, drones are the fastest way to send medicine to people in need. Social media (社交媒体) is also a useful tool when it comes to natural disasters. With it, people can know about the natural disasters before they hit. And some social media platforms (平台) allow people to mark themselves as safe after disasters, so others can know their situations. Social media is also a place for up-to-date (最新的) news, so people can learn what is going on in the disaster areas. Besides, many social media platforms allow people to raise money for those in disaster areas. The money will help them get back to normal (正常的) life as soon as possible. For example, live streaming (直播) is one of the most popular social media platforms. It helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021. These technologies can help when there is a natural disaster, but we still need to prepare necessary tools and learn important skills to protect ourselves. 50．How many kinds of technologies are discussed in the passage? . 51．What tasks can drones perform after disasters? . 52．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指的是)? . 53．What role did live streaming play in helping Henan after the flood? . 54．What other technologies do you think can help us in disasters? . （十二） Zhao Zhansheng, 43, is a member of a rescue team (救援队) of Henan Province. In the face of the serious floods in July, 2023 in Zhuozhou City, he and his teammates arrived there to help those in need. In a video posted on the internet, Zhao skillfully prepared huimian noodles right on the streets. He invited all local people and rescuers passing by to have a meal. “Please let the kids who haven’t had breakfast eat first. Don’t worry. We have plenty of food. Anyone can have a bowl of hot noodles today,” Zhao told the people. The video touched millions after being posted. Just in two days, it has been watched nearly 10 million times, receiving over 770, 000 likes. Rescuers from different provinces were seen in the video, standing in lines to receive the meal. People thought highly of Zhao’s work. One said, “A pot of noodles may cost around a hundred yuan, but his kindness comes with no price. ” “The locals’ losses were great, but many of them joined me in preparing the meals. I’m thankful for their support as well,” Zhao said. “My other team members are busy saving people from the floods and they worked even harder than me. My role is to provide support,” Zhao responded to the praise. “If we run out of what we’ve brought, we can buy it locally. I will stay in Zhuozhou until the flood waters move back from a high level, offering help wherever it is needed,” Zhao added. 每题答案不超过5个词 55．Where did Zhao Zhansheng and his teammates go to help in July, 2023? 56．Who did Zhao Zhansheng invite to have a meal on the streets? 57．What were Zhao’s other team members busy doing? 58．What did people online think of Zhao Zhansheng’s work? 59．How long did Zhao stay in Zhuozhou? 《Unit 8 Safe and sound单元话题阅读专项练习》参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B B B B B B B C C D 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 B C A B B B B C B B 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 答案 B C B B B C C A D 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述台风命名体系，介绍不同海域对强风暴的不同叫法、台风命名的作用、世界气象组织管理命名列表以及造成重大破坏的台风名称会被退役更换。 【详解】1．第一段给出信息：“In the Indian Ocean, they are called cyclones”，直接说明在印度洋这类风暴被叫作cyclones。 2．第二段点明目的：“Naming helps us identify and track storms more easily”，表明给台风命名有助于识别和追踪台风。 3．第三段给出主体：“The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) manages the naming lists for different regions”，说明世界气象组织管理台风命名列表。 4．第四段说明规则：“When a typhoon causes severe damage, its name is often retired and replaced with a new one”，表明台风造成严重破坏时，它的名字将会被退役并替换。 5．第四段给出事例：“‘Mangkhut’ was also retired after damaging many countries in 2018”，直接说明2018年过后Mangkhut这个台风名称被退役。 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了洪水是常见自然灾害，分别介绍洪水来临前、洪水期间、洪水过后的安全防护指南，提醒人们做好准备、保持冷静来保护自己和家人。 【详解】6．根据文章第二段前三句“Before a flood, prepare an emergency kit... Keep it in an easy-to-reach place.”可知，代词it指代前文emergency kit。 7．第三段主题是洪水期间的安全措施。作者提到 “两英尺深的水能冲走车辆”，紧承前句“Do not...drive through floodwater” (不要驾车穿过洪水)，目的是强调危险性，警告人们不要驾车涉水。 8．根据第四段前两句“After a flood...Check for structural damage before entering.” (洪水过后……进入前检查结构损坏情况) 可知，洪水过后进屋前要检查建筑结构损坏情况。 9．根据第二段“Prepare an emergency kit. Include bottled water, non-perishable food, a flashlight, batteries, a first-aid kit...” (准备应急包。包括瓶装水、不易腐坏的食物、手电筒、电池、急救包……) 可知，应急包要包含瓶装水、食物、手电筒和急救包。选项C涵盖了文中提到的关键物品。 10．第一段①为引言（总述洪水及安全的重要性）；第二、三、四段②③④分别从“洪水前、中、后”三个时间维度提供具体建议（分述）；第五段⑤为总结（总述准备和冷静的重要性）。因此结构为①→②③④→⑤，即总-分-总结构。 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述少年Tom在洪灾中救人的亲身经历。 【详解】11．根据第一段中的“Last summer, Tom’s hometown in southern China faced a terrible flood.”可知，发生的灾害是洪水。 12．根据第二段中的“Tom’s dad told them to pack some clothes and food, then go to the roof. ‘Stay here and don’t move,’ he said.”可知，他们去屋顶避险。 13．根据第四段中的“He took the rope, tied it around his waist, and swam to Mrs. Lee’s house.”和“He helped Mrs. Lee climb into the wooden box, then pulled her back to his roof.”可知，Tom使用了绳子和木箱来帮助李太太。 14．根据第三段中的“Tom remembered what his teacher taught at school: when a flood happens, stay calm and use things that float.”可知，Tom的老师教给他在洪水中要保持冷静，并利用漂浮物。 15．根据最后一段中的“This experience taught Tom that staying calm and helping each other can get through difficult times.”可知，Tom从这次经历中学到的道理是冷静和互助能帮助度过灾难。 16．B 17．B 18．C 19．B 20．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了地震发生时的安全应对措施，包括在室内、室外以及震后的具体做法，并强调了提前准备的重要性。 【详解】16．第二段明确指出：“If you are indoors when an earthquake strikes, remember the ‘Drop, Cover, and Hold On’ rule. Drop to your hands and knees...”，说明该规则的第一步是趴下（双手双膝着地）。 17．第三段明确指出：“If you are outdoors, move to an open area away from buildings, power lines and trees”，说明如果在室外，应移动到远离建筑物和电线的开阔地带。 18．第四段开头明确指出：“After the earthquake, be prepared for aftershocks... Check for injuries and provide first aid if necessary”，说明震后应防备余震并检查伤势。 19．第四段明确指出：“If you are trapped... Send a text message or tap on a pipe to alert rescuers to your location”，说明如果被困，可以通过发送短信或敲击管道来向救援人员发出信号。 20．全文围绕地震发生时及震后如何保持安全展开，提供了具体的建议和指导，因此主要目的是提供地震安全提示。 21．B 22．C 23．B 24．B 25．B 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍居家防火相关知识，告诉人们火灾是常见的家庭隐患，通过做好厨房用火防范、安装检测烟雾报警器、制定家庭火灾逃生预案等方式做好准备；强调消防安全需要提前防范、遇事保持冷静，采取正确措施降低火灾风险，保护家人安全。 【详解】21．根据文章第二段“Kitchen fires are the leading cause of home fires.”可知，厨房火灾是家庭火灾的主要原因。 22．根据文章第二段“If a pan catches fire, cover it with a lid and turn off the heat.”可知，如果平底锅着火，应该盖上盖子并关闭热源。 23．根据文章第三段“Install smoke alarms on every floor of your home and test them monthly.”可知，烟雾报警器应该每月测试一次。 24．根据文章第四段“In a fire, get out quickly and stay out.”可知，发生火灾时应迅速撤离并待在室外，不要返回。 25．根据文章最后一段“Fire safety is about being prepared and staying calm.”以及全文提供的各项安全措施可知，文章主要传达消防安全需要准备和冷静的行动。 26．C 27．C 28．A 29．D 【导语】本文介绍“海绵城市”的概念及其解决城市内涝问题的原理。 【详解】26．根据“This leads to runoff (径流) and floods. To address this, China is developing a new concept called…”可知，海绵城市旨在解决暴雨引发的城市内涝。 27．根据“This involves several strategies. For example, permeable (可渗透的) roads and sidewalks are built, allowing water to pass through them into the soil below. Green roofs and walls are created on buildings, which can absorb rainwater and cool down the city. Parks and wetlands are also important parts of sponge cities, as they can temporarily hold large amounts of water and gradually release it.”可知，海绵城市策略包括透水路、绿色屋顶和墙壁、公园湿地。C项不属于海绵城市策略。 28．根据“For example, permeable roads and sidewalks are built, allowing water to pass through them into the soil below”可知，修建可渗透的道路和人行道，让水通过它们进入下面的土壤，可推测出“permeable”意为“可渗透的”，与A选项意思相近。 29．根据“The benefits of Sponge Cities are numerous. Firstly, they effectively reduce urban flooding by managing rainwater locally. Secondly, they improve water quality by filtering pollutants (污染物) as water soaks into the ground. Thirdly, they help to replenish (补充) underground water sources, which is important for long-term water supply. Fourthly, by increasing green spaces, they help to cool down cities, making them more comfortable and beautiful.”可知，海绵城市的四大益处：缓解内涝、改善水质、补充地下水、降温。 30．Leave the house immediately. 31．Smoke rises, so the air near the floor is cleaner and cooler. 32．Touch the door with the back of your hand. If it is warm, do not open it. 33．It means covering your face with your hands and rolling on the ground until the flames go out. 34．Call 119 from a safe place and wait for the firefighters to arrive. 【导语】本文主要介绍房屋发生火灾时的几条自救求生步骤，告诉读者遇到房屋火灾该如何保护自己、提高生存几率。 【详解】30．第二段给出“If you hear the smoke alarm or smell smoke, leave the house immediately.”，应该立刻离开房子。答案直接取自原文信息。 31．第三段交代“Smoke rises, so the air near the floor is cleaner and cooler.”，这是火灾时要压低身体的原因。直接提取原文作答。 32．第四段讲述开门前检查门的方法“Touch the door with the back of your hand. If it is warm, do not open it.”。依据该句整理答案。 33．第五段介绍衣物着火时“stop, drop and roll”的做法：“Cover your face with your hands and roll back and forth on the ground until the flames go out.”。对该句进行转述解释含义。 34．最后一段说明逃到室外之后的行动“call 119 from a neighbour’s phone or a safe place…Stay outside and wait for the firefighters to arrive.”。整合两处信息得到答案。 35．In March 1888. 36．Because the weather was warm and sunny when the day started, people didn’t expect a storm. 37．Over 400 people. 38．They built underground railways and telephone lines, and created weather forecasting services. 39．We should always be prepared for sudden weather changes. 【导语】本文讲述美国历史上严重暴风雪造成的灾难及其影响，强调要吸取教训，改进防灾措施。 【详解】35．根据文章第一段第一句“In March 1888, a terrible blizzard hit the northeastern United States.”直接点明这场大风雪发生在1888年3月，直接提取即可。 36．根据文章第二段“On the day the storm began, the weather … no idea what was coming.”说明风暴开始当天天气温暖晴朗，人们没带保暖外套，完全没预料到风暴将至，因此毫无准备，答案是原文信息，直接提取即可。 37．根据文章第三段“Over 400 people died in the storm, many from the cold.”明确给出遇难人数是超过400人，直接提取即可。 38．根据文章最后一段“They started to build underground railways and telephone lines to keep the cities running even in bad weather. The blizzard also led to the creation of weather forecasting services.”可知，他们开始修建地下铁路和电话线及促成了天气预报服务的建立，直接整合提取信息即可。 39．文章最后一段提到，城市意识到需要更好的方法来应对冬季风暴，并采取建设地下设施和建立天气预报等措施，说明我们需要为极端天气做好准备，基础设施的规划很重要，以及天气预报的必要性，言之有理即可。 40．Last autumn. 41．A beautiful waterfall. 42．In a small cave under a rock. 43．They heard a helicopter and waved jackets. 44．Safety comes first./Don’t ignore warnings. 【导语】本文讲述了李明和堂哥张伟秋天进山徒步，因深入探索迷路，在山洞过夜，最后被直升机救援的故事，告诉我们安全第一的道理。 【详解】40．定位原文第一段“Last autumn, Li Ming and his cousin Zhang Wei went hiking in the Qinling Mountains.”可知，他们是秋季想去徒步，直接提取时间作答，注意答案不超过10个词。 41．定位原文第二段“He had heard about a beautiful waterfall nearby and didn’t want to miss it.”，可知李明想要寻找一处漂亮的瀑布，提取信息作答。 42．定位原文第四段“They found a small cave under a rock.”，迷路之后他们就在岩石下的小山洞过夜，摘抄地点信息。 43．定位原文第五段“The next morning, they heard the sound of a helicopter. They waved their jackets and shouted as loudly as they could.”，他们听到直升机声，便挥动着夹克，最后被直升机发现，答案需整合原文信息得出。 44．定位原文第五段“The lesson Li Ming learned that day was that safety comes first, and that it is important to listen to warnings and never go exploring alone without good preparation.”，提取核心教训，满足词数要求即可。 45．No./No, it isn’t. 46．We should hide ourselves under a table and stay away from windows. 47．Our lives. 48．We should remember some advice to keep safe when an earthquake happens.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 49．Yes, they should. 【导语】本文主要讲述了地震发生时如何保护自身安全的一些建议。 【详解】45．根据文章第二段“Don’t use a lift. It may be very dangerous.”可知，地震时使用电梯是不安全的，因此作否定回答。 46．根据文章第三段“If you can’t leave in time, you should hide yourselves under a table and stay away from windows.”可知，若无法及时逃离，那么应躲在桌下并远离窗户。 47．根据文章第四段“Anything is less valuable than your lives.”可知，生命是我们最宝贵的东西。 48．此答案不唯一，结合文章内容，回答言之有理即可。如文章主要介绍了地震时的安全建议，我们可以从中学习如何在地震中保持安全。 49．根据文章第一段“Remember the following advice that can keep you safe.”可知为了安全人们应该采纳这些建议，因此作肯定回答。 50．Two/2. 51．Sending food and water when a natural disaster happens./Flying into dangerous buildings to search for people who are still alive./Helping firemen find and fight wildfires./Sending medicine to people in need in faraway places. 52．Social media. 53．It helped raise plenty of money. 54．Robots can go into dangerous places to search for survivors. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了无人机和社交媒体这两种技术在自然灾害发生时如何为人们提供帮助，同时也提醒人们仍需做好自救准备。 【详解】50．根据第二段“The drone is one of them.”和第三段“Social media is also a useful tool...”可知，文章主要讨论了无人机和社交媒体这两种技术。 51．根据第二段“It can be used to send food and water...”、“search for those who are still alive...”、“helping them find and fight wildfires.”和“send medicine to people in need.”可知，无人机灾后可执行运送物资、搜寻幸存者、协助灭火及送药等任务。 52．根据第三段“Social media (社交媒体) is also a useful tool when it comes to natural disasters. With it, people can know about the natural disasters before they hit.”可知，划线单词“it”指代的是前文提到的社交媒体。 53．根据第四段“It helped raise a lot of money for Henan after the flood in 2021.”可知，直播为河南筹集了大量资金。 54．本题为开放性试题，需列举其他可在灾难中提供帮助的科技。可围绕卫星定位、智能预警系统、救援机器人等角度展开，言之有理即可。 55．Zhuozhou City. 56．All local people and rescuers. 57．Saving people from floods. 58．They thought highly of it. 59．Until the flood waters recede. 【导语】本文讲述河南救援队队员赵占胜在2023年涿州洪灾期间，街头免费为受灾群众与各地救援人员制作烩面的暖心事迹，介绍视频引发全网广泛关注与网友高度赞扬，同时记录他坚守灾区、持续提供后勤支援的想法。 【详解】55．原文第一段“In the face of the serious floods in July, 2023 in Zhuozhou City, he and his teammates arrived there to help those in need.”，赵占胜和队友前往涿州救灾，直接提取答案即可。 56．原文第一段“He invited all local people and rescuers passing by to have a meal.”，是邀请当地民众和路过的救援人员吃饭，因此答案是原文直接信息。 57．根据原文第四段“My other team members are busy saving people from the floods”，其他队员忙于从洪水中救人，提炼后得出答案。 58．根据原文第三段“People thought highly of Zhao’s work.”，人们高度评价赵占胜的行为，提炼后得出答案。 59．根据原文最后一段“I will stay in Zhuozhou until the flood waters move back from a high level”可知，他会一直待到洪水退去，提炼答案即可。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $