Unit 3 The Internet 重点词汇一轮讲练用记 导学案 -2027届高三英语人教版必修第二册

该高中英语高考复习学案系统覆盖听、说、读、写模块核心词汇，按“基础词义-考点拓展-熟词生义-真题演练”层级组织，通过语境串记、图表助记构建词汇网络，引导学生结合高考真题自主梳理词形变化、固定搭配及语境应用规律。 亮点在于自主诊断与思维品质培养，如词汇下设“考点拓展”填空及“熟词生义”辨析题，学生可借真题实例自测薄弱点，通过“一句多译”“易混辨析”提升语言能力。模块末设“反思总结”环节，助学生建立个性化错题本，教师可依学情数据精准指导，支持因材施教。

Listening and Speaking 1.engine n. 发动机，引擎 Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors’ past behavior to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising. (2026• 全国I卷)智能推荐引擎通过分析展品受欢迎程度和游客过往行为等数据，推荐特定的展览和活动，使每次参观都独具特色且充满惊喜。 【考点拓展】 engineer n. 工程师，技师 engineering n. 工程（学）， 工程师行业 ①Bernardo Espinoza, an _________(engine) who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car.(2026• 全国II卷)每天乘坐地铁的工程师贝尔纳多·埃斯皮诺萨拥有一辆电动车。 ②The latest _________(engine)techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.(2024• 新课标I卷)最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。 ①engineer②engineering 【熟词生义】 v.改变…的基因结构 “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day, explained Michael Strano，a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.(2020•全国卷I)“我们正在考虑如何改变植物的基因结构，以取代我们日常使用的东西的功能，”麻省理工学院化学工程教授迈克尔•斯特拉诺解释说。 2.identify v. 确认；识别；认出 AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. (2026• 全国I卷)人工智能可以帮助识别微小的损坏迹象，例如裂缝或变色，这些通常肉眼难以察觉。 【考点拓展】 identify oneself with打成一片，参加到……中去 identify...as...确认……是…… identify with 认为……等同于 identity n. 身份；一致 identical adj.完全相同的；同一的 identification n.辨认，识别；确认，确定；身份证明 ①Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural ________(identify), cultural survival, and history. (2026• 北京卷)尽管气候变化威胁着我们其他宝贵的东西，比如粮食获取，但也涉及文化认同、文化存续和历史。 ②Wherever you are , never ________(identity) opinions with facts.无论你在哪里，都永远不要把意见混同于事实。 ③She identified the man _______ her attacker.她认出那个男人就是那个袭击过她的人。 ④However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain ________(identify)words.(2024• 新课标I卷)然而，为了最大限度地提高学习效果，教育工作者不应该假设所有的媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的单词。 ⑤To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the _________(identify) of their uploaded image.(2024• 新课标I卷)为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。 ①identity②identify③as④identical ⑤identification Reading and Thinking 1.convenient adj. 便利的，适应的，实用的 It could be convenient to employ bird-watchers to do the initial studies.(2025• 浙江卷)雇佣鸟类观察者来做初步研究可能会很方便。 An application called DingTalk acts as class temporarily, which is simple and convenient to use.(应用文之介绍) 一个叫钉钉的应用程序临时代理类，使用简单方便。 【考点拓展】 be convenient for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事方便 inconvenient 不方便的； convenience n. 方便，便利; 便利设施 inconvenience n.不便，麻烦；带来不便者 ①Would it ______________________________at four o'clock and take me to the airport?(读后续写之对话描写)你四点钟接我并把我送到机场，方便吗？ ②People still found coins _________(convenient) to carry, when they wanted to buy something expensive.当人们想要买贵重物品时，仍然觉得携带硬币不方便。 ③ For those seeking both comfort and _________(convenient), the Renaissance Los Angeles Airport Hotel is just a short drive away. (2026• 全国I卷)对于追求舒适与便利的旅客来说，文艺复兴洛杉矶机场酒店近在咫尺，只需短暂车程即可到达。 ④Life is a road full of minor _________(convenience) and major setbacks, which everyone faces, regardless of wealth or social rank.(2025• 天津卷)生活是一条布满小麻烦和大挫折的漫长道路，每个人都会经历这样的过程，无论其财富多少或社会地位如何。 ①be convenient for you to pick me up ②inconvenient③convenience④inconveniences 【一句多译】 如果你感兴趣，请你在方便的时候尽快报名吧。 ①→If you are interested, please sign up earlier ___________________. (convenience) ②→If you are interested, please sign up earlier when ___________________ . (convenient) ①at your convenience②it is convenient to/for you 【语境串记】 You can go at your convenience, but if it is not convenient for you, you can remain for another two days. 你可以在方便的时候走，但如果不方便的话，你可以再待两天。 2.benefit n．利益，好处 The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well.(2025• 浙江1月卷) 这对园丁和地球都有巨大的好处。随着人力投入的大幅减少，花园的生态可以得到很好的发展。 v．有益于，有助于，受益 The two-hour lecture is interesting and informative. Meanwhile, it provides us with fresh new insights into subject selection, which have benefited us a lot.(应用文之发言稿) 这两个小时的讲座既有趣又有见地。同时，它也为我们的选课提供了新的视角，这让我们受益匪浅。 【图表助记】 ①However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ______________ price reductions doesn’t make sense. (2024• 浙江1月卷) 然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。 ②This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most _______(benefit) to their plant designs.(2026• 浙江1月卷)这使得Salk团队能够确定哪些基因对其植物设计最为有益。 ③So heritage protection is at the top of the agenda __________________________ all mankind. (应用文之发言稿) 因此，为了全人类的利益，遗产保护被置于议程的首位。 ④Online learning calls for more self-discipline than classroom learning. Hope my advice _________________________ you.(应用文之建议信) 在线学习比课堂学习更需要自律。希望我的建议对你有帮助。 ①to benefit from②beneficial ③for the benefit of④is of benefit to 【一句多译】 参加这个音乐节对你很有益。 →①Participating in the music festival __________________________.(benefit n.) →②Participating in the music festival _________________.(benefit vt.) →③You_________________participating in the music festival.(benefit vi.) →④Participating in the music festival _________________.(beneficial adj.) ①will be of benefit to you ②will benefit you ③will benefit from④ will be beneficial to you 【易混辨析】beneficial /advantageous/profitable 【帮你记词】 多多“有好处” ①benefit　②be beneficial to ③be of benefit to ④be good for⑤do good to 【熟词生义】 This new railway benefits this area in many ways.It is beneficial to the people living in this area.For the benefit of more people，we should build more railways.这条新铁路在许多方面使这个地区受益。这对生活在这个地区的人们是有益的。为了更多的人的利益，我们应该修建更多的铁路。 3.distant adj. 远的，久远的；关系远的(亲戚) Having noticed this, Mia asked Ivy, “Did I hurt you? You seem to be distant.”(2026• 北京卷)注意到这一点后，米娅问伊芙：“我伤害了你吗？你看起来好像很疏远。” 【考点拓展】 distance n. 距离，间距 in the distance 在远处(远距离） keep one's distance from 疏远; 与……保持距离 keep sb. at a distance 和某人保持距离 at a distance of 在……的地方 distantly adv. 在远处 ①To Eva, “a mile” was used to describe long ______(distant). (2024• 浙江卷)对伊娃来说，“一英里”是用来形容长距离的。 ②When he came back to life, the sound of the car ___________________ . (读后续写之细节描写)当他苏醒过来时，汽车的响声消失在远处。 ③It was difficult to get to know her because she always __________________________. (读后续写之细节描写)要了解她很难，她老是对每个人都保持一段距离。 ④She became ______(distant) aware that the light had grown strangely brighter and was flickering gently.她模糊地意识到光线奇怪地变得明亮起来，轻轻摇曳着。 ①distances②died away in the distance③kept everyone at a distance④distantly 【易混辨析】at a distance/ in the distance at a distance 指“在一定距离的地方”，或比喻意义“亲近”，介词用at， distance前有a或 some，a certain等修饰； in the distance表示“在远处，在远方(= far away)”，介词用in，distance前有the。 【熟词生义】 adj. 疏远的，冷淡的 However, after I went to high school, somehow I became distant from him.(2022·全国甲卷)然而上了高中后，不知怎么的，我和他变得疏远了。 【语境串记】 The man is always distant towards his neighbours, so his neighbours often keep him at a distance．这个人对邻居总是很疏远，所以邻居们都对他敬而远之。 4.inspire v. 鼓舞；驱使；赋予……灵感；给……以启示；激起，唤起(感情,思想等) ；引起；产生；煽动 Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? (2025• 北京卷)受到故事中神奇地图的启发，她想知道：如果我们能建立一个现实世界的应用程序，帮助人们探索自己城市中隐藏的地方会怎么样？ 【图表助记】 ①It can be energizing and _____(inspire) if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation.(2025• 北京卷)如果你把这些比较作为动力的来源，它会让你充满活力和灵感。 ②King Robert’s story offers a deep well of _____(inspire) for those who most need it.(2026• 北京卷) 罗伯特的故事为那些最需要激励的人提供了深邃的灵感源泉。 ③Best of all, my passion for my hobbies seems to _________________________about finding their own.(2026• 浙江1月卷)最棒的是，我对兴趣爱好的热情似乎能激励他们也对发掘自己的兴趣产生热情。 ④To be honest , the young woman is an______(inspire) singer. 老实说，这位年轻女子是个有灵感的歌手。 ①inspiring②inspiration③ inspire them to be passionate ④inspired 【熟词生义】 v．启发 His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.他最好的音乐灵感启发于对母亲的怀念。 【语境串记】 Listening to his inspiring speech，we were inspired to make great efforts.It gave us not only hope but also inspiration.听了他鼓舞人心的演讲，我们受到鼓舞，要更加努力。它不仅给了我们希望，也给了我们灵感。 5.now adv.现在，此刻；马上，立刻 In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.(2025• 全国I卷)在澳大利亚，2600多万人拥有2000多万辆汽车，是世界上汽车拥有率最高的国家之一。 n.现在,目前,此刻 But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy.(2025• 北京卷)但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。 【考点拓展】 from now on从现在开始 just now刚才;现在 up to now 到目前为止，常和现在完成时态连用 (every)now and then偶尔;有时 now that“既然；由于”，相当于since，用于引导原因状语从句 nowadays adv. 现今,时下 nowhere adv. 无处，哪里都不(位于句首时句中要求用部分倒装结构)n.不存在的地方，荒芜的地区 ①While waking home, he looked back __________to see if anyone was following him. (读后续写之细节描写)当他朝家走的时候，他不时地回头往后看，看是否有人在跟着他。 ②I also like to collect idioms, and I have collected and mastered hundreds of idioms _____________. (应用文之语言类)我还喜欢收集习语，到目前为止，我已经收集和掌握了数百个习语。 ③__________________________________, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. (2024• 北京) 既然我们处于信息时代，我们就有了新的概念，如计算机，信息处理，虚拟现实，仿真。 ④Nowhere else in the world _________ more friendly people than in China.在世界上没有任何地方你能找到比中国人更友好的人了。 ①(every)now and then②up to now③Now that we are in the information age④can you find 6.access n．接触的机会；通道 If you enter through the wrong access point, you’ll be turned around and redirected — so plan ahead. (2026• 全国I卷)如果你通过错误的入口进入，将会被引导并重新定向——所以请提前做好准备。 v．获取 You've illegally accessed and misused confidential security files. 你已经非法访问并盗用了机密的安全文件。 【考点拓展】 have access to 有权使用…… gain / get access to 进入（某地）；见到（某人或某物） accessible adj.易达到的；易进入的 accessibly adv.可接近地；可得到地 be accessible to 易接近的；易懂的 ①It is said that 95% of teenagers either own or ____________________.(2025• 全国II卷)据说95%的青少年拥有或可以使用智能手机。 ②This adaptability ensures that complex historical concepts become __________(access) and engaging for young minds.(2026• 全国I卷)这种适应性使复杂的历史概念变得易于理解且引人入胜，适合年轻一代。 ①have access to a smartphone ②accessible 【易混辨析】access/approach 这两个词都含有“进入，接近”的方式之意，后面都跟介词to短语作定语，access是不可数名词，含有“有权做某事”之意，不与不定冠词an连用，而approach是可数名词，普通用词，有复数形式。 【语境串记】 Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village，so it is not accessible to the outside now.落石切断了通往村子的唯一通道，所以现在外面无法进入。 7.go v. 离去, 走, 进行, 变成, 趋于, 达到 She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.(2025• 全国I卷)她在不同的机器之间来回穿梭，制作饮料。 【考点拓展】 go about 着手干；做；四处走动 go after追逐；追求 go against 违背；不利于 go ahead 先走； 取得进展 go along 进行;继续；同意；合作； go at 扑向；努力从事于 go back (to) 回去； 追溯 go by 经过；(时间)过去；错过(机会等) go down 落下；下降； 减弱 go down with 被接受 go for 抨击；对……适用; 想得到 go in for 参加；喜欢 go into 从事；调查；进入……状态 go off 响起；变质；入睡；进行；转行 go off with 擅自拿走； go on 继续下去；(时间)过去；发生 go out 外出；熄灭； 过时； go over 受欢迎；察看；重温 go round/around 四处走动；探望；足够分配 go through with 完成；实行 go together 相配 go up 上升；被建造起来；被焚毁 go with 伴随；与……相配 ①On certain days each month, adults from the neighborhood sit in class with the students and see what’s _____________________ in the school.(2025• 全国II卷)每个月的某些日子里，邻居的成年人会和学生们坐在教室里，看看学校里发生了什么。 ②Fishermen _____________ to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets.(2025• 全国II卷)渔民每天出海，在港区市场出售他们的鱼。 ③Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we _______________ life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story.(2025• 北京卷)到了20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊提出了生活故事模型，认为在我们的人生旅途中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆交织在一起，共同构建了一个个人故事。 ④In the ninth grade, I _______________my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl.(2025• 北京卷)九年级的时候，作为一个害羞的女孩，我第一次参加了领导职位的集体面试。 ⑤As time __________, other gardeners and like-minded people began to follow my progress, too.(2024• 新课标I卷)随着时间的流逝，其他园丁和志同道合的人也开始关注我的进步。 ⑥If the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will ________ by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%.(2026• 全国I卷)如果城市在新种植中保持以往物种的模式，那么未来几十年内曼哈顿的异戊烯产量将增加约140%，导致夏季臭氧浓度最高上升30%。 ⑦After my undergraduate degree, convinced that writing wasn’t for me, I _______ to study teaching.(2026• 全国II卷)大学毕业后，我深信写作不适合自己，于是转而学习教育学。 ①going on②go out③go through④went in for ⑤went by⑥go up⑦went off 【易混辨析】go on doing ,go on to do ,go on with go on doing强调连续不断地干某事，表示继续做原来在做的那件事； go on to do则表示接着做另一件事； go on with在意义上等同于go on doing ，但with后必须接名词或代词。 【熟词生义1】 v. 忍受 She can't go such behaviour.对这种行为她忍受不了。 【熟词生义】 n. 进行；试 Let's have a go at it.让我们试一试。 8.tough adj. 困难的；费力的；难吃的；坚决的；顽强的；强硬的；强壮的；强健的 When was the last time you took on a tough choice?(2025• 北京卷)你上一次做出艰难的选择是什么时候？ 【一词多义】——根据语境选出tough的词性及含义 A.adj.坚韧的;坚固的　B.adj.坚强的　C.adj.嚼不动的　D.adj.强硬的;严厉的　E.adj.艰难的;艰苦的 1.You have to be tough to be successful in politics. 　　　  2.Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.(2023·课标卷II) 　　　  3.Meanwhile,in those countries where the shawls(披肩) are sold,police are getting tough with the dealers. 　　　  4.Asparagus(芦笋) is by nature tender and tasty at one end, but gets tough and difficult to eat at the other end. 　　　  5.Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost,biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells. 　　　  1.B　2.E　3.D　4.C　5.A 【考点拓展】 be tough on somebody对某人刻薄；刁难某人 as tough as nails/as tough as old boots (=very tough)非常坚固；非常硬朗 a tough customer难对付的顾客 Discovering Useful Structures 1.confirm v.证实，证明 Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.(2024• 新课标I卷)五人或以上的团体需要特别安排，必须提前确认。 【考点拓展】 confirmation n. 确定，证实，确认 Therefore, I plead with you, if possible, to give me a hand, contacting some airlines in _________(confirm) of a vacant seat.(应用文之求助信)因此，我恳求你，如果可能的话，给我一个帮助，联系一些航空公司确认一个空座位。 confirmation 2.press vt. 压，按; 逼迫 Somehow , I forced my finger to press the button. (读后续写之细节描写) 不知怎么的，我强迫我的手指按下按钮。 n. 新闻报道，出版物 The story was reported in the press and on television.(读后续写之细节描写) 这件事已在报刊和电视上报道了。 【考点拓展】 press sb. to do sth.或者press sb. for sth. "催逼某人干某事；尽力劝某人干某事 pressure压力；压迫 under the pressure of 在……压力下 ①When I wanted to leave , Kate ________________________ a little longer.(读后续写之细节描写) 当我想离开的时候，凯特尽力劝我再待一会儿。 ② In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting____________ (press), I falsely confessed (承认).(2025• 北京卷) 为了摆脱不断增加的压力，我谎称自己有罪。 ③While countries spend millions attracting tourists, they are also _____________________ tourism.(应用文之职业发言稿) 各国在花费数百万美元吸引游客的同时，也面临着旅游业的压力。 ①pressed me to stay②pressure③under the pressure of 【熟词生义】 vt.将……塞进 When she reached one nurse，she tried to press a five－pound note into her hand.(2021·全国乙卷) 当她走近一名护士时，她试图把一张五英镑的钞票塞到她手里。 【语境串记】 The firm is pressing me for a decision and the pressure from my parents is quite unbearable，so I have to accept this new job.公司催我做决定，来自父母的压力也让我难以忍受，所以我不得不接受这份新工作。 Listening and Talking 1.shape n. 形状；形；样子 Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. (2026• 全国II卷)恰如其分的是，这本书的创作过程正是在海边与山间交替的夏日里完成的。 v. 使形成；使符合；形成，发展 He melted plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks.(2025• 北京卷) 他把熔塑料瓶熔化，然后试着把它们做成小砖。 【考点拓展】 in good (bad)shape 完整无损 ； in shape 在外形上； in the shape of 以……的形状； shapeless adj. 无（定）型的，不成样子的，难看的； shapely adj. 模样好看的 2.track n.小道，小径；踪迹，足迹，车辙 TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences. (2025• 北京卷)TransForm允许您通过主题讲座、实践研讨会和非现场体验专注于您选择的轨道。 v.追查，追踪；（尤指用特殊电子设备）跟踪 The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates.这个研究项目对400名毕业生的事业发展情况进行跟踪调查。 【考点拓展】 ①This book has been in the works so long that I have _____________ most of the sources found for me by the staff of the library.写作这本书的时间如此之长，以致于我找不到图书馆职员为我找到的大部分原始资料。 ②Bank statements help you________________where your money is going.银行账单有助于你了解你的资金使用情况。 ①lost track of② keep track of 3.account n. 账户 To obtain the article or chapter, click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account.(2025·浙江1月卷)要获取文章或章节，请点击电子邮件中提供的链接并登录您的ILL帐户。 v. (+for)占比；导致；解释 Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene.(2026• 全国I卷)目前占该市树木总数的大多数的橡树与甜木树，能产生大量一种名为异戊二烯的化学物质。 As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.(2025• 全国I卷)随着世界竞相使一切事物脱碳，它面临着交通运输方面的特殊问题——交通运输约占我们与能源有关的温室气体排放的四分之一。 【考点拓展】 take ......into account, take account of 考虑到；把……计算在内 on account of sb/sth 因为 ①Urban planners in practice have to __________ many interest groups in society.(应用文之建议信) 城市规划人员在实际工作中必须把社会各利益集团都考虑在内。 ②Nowadays,______________ heavy learning tasks, we high school students spend so little time exercising that many of us suffer from physical or mental health.(应用文之投稿) 如今，由于繁重的学习任务，我们高中生花很少的时间锻炼，我们中的许多人遭受身体或心理健康。 ①take account of②on account of 【熟词生义1】 n. 描述，叙述，报告 When we consider contact between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue.(2023·全国乙卷)我们探讨像这样识字与非识字社会之间的联系时，我们所有的第一手描述不可避免都是片面的，它们仅仅展现了对话的一半。 【熟词生义2】 v. 考虑 We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs.(2025·全国I卷)我们在道路上投入了大量资金，帮助我们快速通过，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。 Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress 1.rude adj. 粗鲁的,无礼的；粗糙的,简陋的 People of the Stone Age used rude tools.石器时代的人使用粗糙简陋的工具。 【考点拓展】 rudely adv.无礼地；粗暴地 rudeness n.无礼；粗蛮 2.target n. 对象，目标；（射击的）靶子；目的 The university will reach its target of 5 000 students next September.这所大学将于下个九月达到在校学生5 000人的目标。 v. 瞄准，把…作为攻击目标 Mr. Smith targets the economy as the root cause of the worse law and order situation.史密斯先生认为经济是导致法律和秩序恶化的根本原因。 【考点拓展】 be targeted on/at“以……为目标，把……对准；旨在…… achieve one’s target 达到目标 fire at the target 对着靶子射击 hit(set) the target 完成（定）指标 3.particular adj. 特殊的；特定的，考究的，苛刻的 As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. (2025• 全国I卷)随着世界竞相使一切事物脱碳，它面临着交通运输方面的特殊问题——交通运输约占我们与能源有关的温室气体排放的四分之一。 【考点拓展】 be particular about 对……挑剔 in particular(=particularly) 尤其, 特别 particularly adv .表示程度“特别，尤其” ①She has already tried her best. Please don’t _______ her job.(读后续写对话描写) 她已经尽力了，请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。 ②Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks,②___________ , tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety.(2024• 全国甲卷) 尽管在任何层面上都存在着各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。 ③AI also significantly enhances the educational value of museums, __________(particular) for children and families.  (2026• 全国I卷)人工智能也显著提升了博物馆的教育价值，尤其对儿童和家庭而言。 ①be too particular about②in particular③particularly 【易混辨析】especially , specially, particularly especially 意思是“特别地.不寻常地”，强调程度，在进一步补充说明前面所叙述的事的时候，前面一般用逗号分开，一般用来形容词.介词短语或状语从句，相当于in particular；侧重超过其它全部，突出到“特别地”的程度； specially “专门地”，强调目的，一般用在表示目的的不定式或介词for 短语前面。相当于on purpose； particularly 表示程度“特别，尤其”。 【熟词生义】 n. 细节, 细目, 详情 He gave full particulars of the stolen property. 他详细列出全部被盗的财物。 4.embarrass v. 使困窘; 使局促不安 Maybe next time I won't embarrass you in front of your friends. (读后续写之细节描写) 也许下次我不会让你在你朋友前感到尴尬。 【考点拓展】 embarrassed adj.困窘的, 局促不安的, 尴尬的，表示对人的感情 embarrassing adj.令人为难的, 尴尬的; embarrassment n. 困难, 困窘, 阻碍 be/feel embarrassed about/at/by/with 对……感到难为情 to my embarrassment 使我难堪的是…… with embarrassment 尴尬地，窘迫地 ①You feel________(embarrass) at saying no because you always think the negative effects of doing this are serious.(应用文之建议信)你在说“不”时会感到尴尬，因为你总是认为这样做的负面影响是严重的。 ②Last Friday found me totally in a mess! I had an________(embarrass) conflict with my friend Anna at school. (读后续写之细节描写)上周五我发现自己一团糟！我和我的朋友安娜在学校发生了一场尴尬的冲突。 ③I remember the ________(embarrass) on his face. (2026• 北京卷)我记得他脸上的尴尬神情。 ④________________________, she realized that everyone was staring at her.(读后续写之细节描写)当她意识到大家都盯着她看时，她感到很不好意思。 ⑤She turned away in disgust and anger; I stood in the corner of the room _________________________.(应用文之记叙)她又厌恶又生气地转过身去；我尴尬地站在房间的角落里。 ①embarrassed ②embarrassing ③embarrassment④Much to her embarrassment⑤with embarrassment 【一句多译】 让我尴尬的是没有人对我的问题作出回应。 →①______________________ was that no one responded to my question.(embarrassed) →②_____________________________ no one responded to my question.(embarrass) →③_______________________，no one responded to my question.(embarrassment) ①What made me embarrassed②It embarrassed me that③To my embarrassment 【语境串记】 His embarrassing question made me embarrassed greatly. I felt my face burning with embarrassment.他那令人尴尬的问题使我非常尴尬。我觉得自己的脸因尴尬而发烫。 5.fun n.乐趣，享受；嬉戏，玩笑；有趣的人或事物 I don't see the fun of doing that.  我看不出那样做有什么好玩的。   adj.有趣的，令人愉快的 Often students come to the classroom believing that learning can't be fun and that what they learn isn’t relevant to the real world --- much less to their personal interests. (2026• 浙江1月卷)学生常常来到教室时，认为学习无法带来乐趣，也觉得所学内容与现实世界无关，更不用说与自己的个人兴趣相关了。 【考点拓展】 have fun 玩的开心 have fun doing sth. 开心做某事 for fun 为了开心，为了好玩 make fun of 取笑…… funny adj.滑稽的，有趣的 ①I realised that by trying something new, I can _________ — even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone.(2024• 北京卷)我意识到，通过尝试新事物，我可以玩的开心——即使这意味着要走出我的舒适区。 ②So now let's welcome the _______(fun) man with serious tone, Jacob Johnson.(2024• 新课标I卷)现在让我们欢迎语气严肃的有趣的人，雅各布·约翰逊。 ③But for the bad weather, I had fun ______ (meet) friends and relatives.要不是天气糟糕，我会非常高兴地与朋友们和亲戚们见面的。 ④We should take care of the blind. It is immoral to ______ them.(应用文之发言稿)我们应该照顾盲人，取笑他们是不道德的。 ①have fun②funny③meeting④make fun of 6.upset adj.不安的，心烦意乱的；感到不适的 Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look. (2025• 北京卷)在竞争激烈的应聘者面前毫无胜算，我一脸沮丧地走出面试。 v.打翻，弄翻；打乱；使心烦 What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? (2025• 北京卷)当马克骑着自行车在附近转悠时，是什么让他心烦意乱？ 【一词多义】 根据语境选出upset的含义 A.adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的　B.vt.弄翻，打翻　C.vt.打乱　D.vt.使生气，使烦恼 1.What made him upset was that his friend did a cruel thing. 2.He stood up suddenly，upsetting the soup. 3.The sudden change of the weather upset our plan to go to the entertainment park. 4.It upset her that her new suggestion was turned down by the boss. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 7.guide n. 指导;向导;导游 Upon entering the correct zone, parking staff will guide you directly to a space. (2026• 全国I卷)进入正确区域后，停车工作人员将直接引导您前往停车位。 v.指引;指导 We set off on Monday morning and arrived in Melbourne after a two-hour bus ride, we started with a guided tour of Eureka Tower. (2026• 全国II卷)我们周一早上出发，经过两小时的巴士车程抵达墨尔本，随后开始参观尤里卡塔。 【考点拓展】 guide sb to/through/along 引导某人走到/穿过(渡过)/沿着 guide dog 盲人的领路狗;导盲犬 guidebook 旅游指南 guidance n.指导;引导 under one’s guidance/under the guidance of... 在……的指导/引导下 misguided adj.被误导的 guideline (常用复)指导方针 ①My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my actions. Tearfully, I confessed my _________(guide) longing for recognition.(2025• 北京卷)我泪流满面地承认了自己对认可的错误渴望。 ②You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your______ (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei.(2025• 全国I卷)你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。 ③_____________________ my coach, I improve my skills gradually.(应用文之运动类)在教练的指导下，我的技术逐渐提高。 ①misguided②guidance③Under the guidance of 【语境串记】 The teacher guided us through all the important points and we got fully prepared under the guidance of her before the exam.老师指导我们通过了所有的重点，我们在她的指导下，考试前做好了充分的准备。 8.author n.作者，著者；作家；发起者，创始人；作品 “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. (2026• 全国I卷)“我们在屏幕上做事情时，通常会用非常具体的方式来思考，”这项研究的资深作者西蒙娜·施诺尔表示。 v.撰写，写作；发起，创造 Then he opened a restaurant, authored a book, and landed his own radio show. (应用文之人物介绍) 后来他开了个餐馆，写了本书，还制作了自己的广播剧。 【考点拓展】 authority n．作“权力；权威；授权”解时，为不可数名词；指“权威人士，权威性的东西”时，为可数名词；指“官方、当局”使用复数authorities； abuse one’s authority 滥用职权 be an authority on sth 在……方面是权威 by the authority of 得到……的许可 have authority over 对……有权力 in authority 权力，当权 authoritative adj.可靠的，可信的，权威的 ①In the headmaster’s office, my father listened attentively, and then spoke with quiet ________(author): “I trust my son.(2025• 北京卷) 在校长办公室里，父亲认真地听着，然后带着平静的权威说：“我相信我的儿子。 ②One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so ________(author) that it shook me. (2024• 北京卷) 在我40岁出头的一天晚上，我梦见一个穿红衣的高大女人走近我，递给我一袋颜料，让我开始画。这个梦的权威性使我感到震惊。 ③People do what they want and have fun when someone _______authority is absent. (读后续写之细节描写) 管事的人不在，人们随心所欲。 ①authority②authoritative③in 9.tip n. 顶端，尖，尖端物的最尖端部分；建议，小经验；小费 If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”.(2025• 北京卷)如果你想翻开新的一页，一个重要的建议是选择一个重要的日期，标志着新的“篇章”的开始。 v. 给出建议 I'll tip you about learning English. 我要对于你如何学好英语给出建议。 【一词多义】——根据语境选出tip的词性及含义 A.n.小费　B.n.技巧;建议　C.n.尖;尖端　D.v.给小费　E.v.倾倒;(使)倾斜 1.Sorry, your name is just on the tip of my tongue. 　　　  2.After I had my hair cut,I gave the hairdresser a tip. 　　　  3.Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. (2024·新课标II 卷) 　　　  4.The seat tips forward to allow passengers into the back. 　　　  5.She tipped the waiter two dollars for his excellent service. 　　　  1.C　2.A　3.B　4.E　5.D 【熟词生义】 v.预言…获胜；事先说…会成功 The actor is tipped to win an Oscar for his performance.这位演员因表演出色而被认为有望获得奥斯卡奖。 10.family n.家，家庭；家属，亲属 After we had twins and became a family of five, my husband and I decided to move from London back to Yorkshire, to be closer to my parents.(2026• 北京卷)在我们生下双胞胎、家庭成员增至五口后，我丈夫和我决定从伦敦搬回约克郡，以便能更亲近我的父母。 【考点拓展】 familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的 be/get familiar with‌ 某人熟悉某物 ‌be familiar to‌ 某物为某人熟知 unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的; 不常见的 ①Sound__________(family) ? You may not know the term, but that feeling is “kama muta”, a recently named emotion that marks some of the most important moments in our life.(2026• 北京卷)听起来熟悉吗？你可能不知道这个术语，但那种感觉就是“kama muta”，一种最近被命名的情感，它标志着我们生命中一些最重要的时刻。 ②To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that_______________________. (2024• 北京卷)为了促进我们对世界的理解，我们基于我们熟悉的概念隐喻构建模型。 ③Once the seals_________________ the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber. (2025• 天津卷)一旦海豹熟悉了这个设置，研究人员就开始逐渐改变呼吸室内空气的成分。 ④She drove on for a while and found herself on an__________(familiar) road toward a Canadian town.(2026• 全国I卷)她继续行驶了一段时间，发现自己正驶上一条陌生的道路，朝一个加拿大小镇方向前进。 ①familiar② are familiar to us ③ got familiar with④unfamiliar 【易混辨析】：familiar, close, intimate familiar指经常接触，长时间的交往使彼此熟悉，亲近，甚至随便，不拘小节； close指由于感情、爱好、兴趣等方面的接近而趋于亲近，也指关系上的亲密； intimate是正式用语，指由于有某种关系（如血缘关系、朋友关系等）或深刻了解彼此的思想感情，或有共同的爱好、志向而亲近。 【一词多义】 adj. 随便的 You seem to be on very familiar terms with your tutor.你似乎和你的导师之间很随便。 11.mind n. 思想; 头脑; 思维方式; 有才智的人; 心思; 记忆力 People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.(2025• 全国II卷)人们对老师的工作有一种印象，但这并不是真正的老师。 v. 烦恼; 介意; 当心; 服从; 关心，照看 【考点拓展】 change one's mind改变主意 make up one's mind 下决心 mind out小心 never mind (用于接答歉意的表示)没有关系,不要记在心上 Do (Would) you mind if...句型用来表示请求对方的许可，即询问对方"是否介意（说话人）做某事" Would you mind doing sth.? 这一句型通常用来表示请他人做某事，常译为"可否请你做......"或"劳驾你做......" come to one's mind突然想起 bear/keep in mind记住 never mind不用担心，不要紧，没关系 bring... to mind使……想起；想起…… mindless adj.莽撞的；盲目的 mindful adj. 留心的；记住的；警觉的 mindfully adv.谨慎地；注意地 ①During the _______(mind) hours of sewing and furnishing, I listened to audiobooks about the history of dollhouses, learning that they were not invented for play.(2025• 天津卷) 在缝纫和布置家具的无聊时间里，我听着关于玩具屋历史的有声读物，了解到它们不是为了玩耍而发明的。 ②By _______(mindful) seeking out opportunities to stimulate this feeling, you could fill your life with greater meaning.(2026• 北京卷)通过有意识地寻找激发这种感觉的机会，你就能让生活充满更深层的意义。 ③After a heated discussion, we ________________ to record our experiences at school.   经过激烈的讨论, 我们下定决心录制在校的一些活动经历。 ④When we first met Bryan, we didn't like him，but now we __________________________.第一次见到布莱恩时，我们不喜欢他，但现在我们已改变了主意。 ⑤Would you mind ______ (answer) some questions on shopping habits?回答几个关于购物习惯的问题你介意吗？ ⑥Much of this lifestyle centers around being outside and knowing the ins and outs of the town; being present and_______(mind) of your surroundings is a critical part of the culture.(2026• 全国I卷)这种生活方式的很大一部分围绕着户外活动以及熟悉城镇的方方面面；保持在场并留意周围环境，是这种文化中至关重要的部分。 ①mindless② mindfully③made up our minds④have changed our minds⑤answering⑥ mindful 12.define vt. 定义, 详细说明；确定，规定 Yet while an Innovator creates something new, the Disruptor is defined as much by what they destroy as by what they create.(2026• 北京卷)然而，尽管创新者创造新事物，颠覆者更多地被他们所摧毁的东西所定义，而非他们所创造的。 【考点拓展】 definite adj. 明确的, 一定的，肯定的，限定的 definitely adv.肯定地，当然；明确地 definition n. 定义，解说 redefine v.重新定义，重新界定 ①“I _________(definite) do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.”(2026• 全国I卷) “我肯定不认识这些所有的词，”我说，“但正因如此，这本书才成了我最喜欢的书之一。” ②Let's fix a _________(define) date for the next meeting.我们定一下下次开会的确切日期吧。 ③For something to be considered scientific, it must, by _________(define), be testable. (2025• 天津卷)对于被认为是科学的东西，根据定义，它必须是可测试的。 ④In short, AI is _________(define) the museum in all respects.(2026• 全国I卷)简而言之，人工智能正在全方位地重新定义博物馆。 ①definitely②definite③ definition④redefining 13.case n. 情况，状况；诉讼，案件 That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(2026• 全国II卷)这种能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统中，通过电缆传输以为车站或电动汽车充电器供电。 【考点拓展】 in case如果；万一 后面的从句中可用虚拟语气“(should＋)do”，也可不用虚拟语气 in case of 假如……；万一…… in the case of 就……而言；至于…… in no case 无论如何不；决不,位于句首用到装 in any case 在任何情况下，不管怎样 in this/that case 在这种/那种情况下 as is often the case 情况经常如此 ①Secondly, take good care of the wildlife. _________________________________, say no to the purchase or report it immediately. (应用文之发言稿) 第二，好好照顾野生动物。如有非法狩猎或出售，请立即拒绝购买或报告。 ②The Students' Union has decided to hold a Go competition in the school reception hall from 3 to 5 p.m. on January 10th. _________________________________, let me briefly introduce it.(应用文之通知) 学生会决定于1月10日下午3时至5时在学校接待大厅举行围棋比赛。 如果你不熟悉，让我简单介绍一下。 ③_____________, book the tickets first. (应用文之建议信) 无论如何先把票订好。 ④____________, you need all the help you can get.  (应用文之建议信) 在这种情况下，您必须寻求一切可以获得的帮助。 ⑤________________ may you leave the baby alone at home.  (应用文之建议信) 你决不能把孩子一个人留在家里。 ⑥________________，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(读后续写之细节描写) 就像其他小孩子一样，医生来的时候艾米好多了。 ① In case of illegal hunting or selling② In case that you are unfamiliar ③In any case ④In that case ⑤In no case  ⑥As is often the case with children 【句式升级】 We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people. →_________________________ that goes against the interests of people. (倒装)  In no case should we do anything 【易混辨析】in case/in in case of/in the case of in case in case为连词，in case引导条件状语从句时，意为：如果，万一；in case引导目的状语从句时，意为：恐怕，以免。 in case of 假如，如果发生，相当于一个介词，后跟名词或代词作宾语。 in the case of 就……而言 【熟词生义】 n. 病例；容器，箱子 The most serious cases were treated at the scene of the accident.受伤最严重的病例在事故现场得到了救治。 It has one of the new memory discs and a protected case for filming underwater, so you can take it when you go diving.它有一个新的存储盘和一个用于水下拍摄的保护盒，因此您可以带着它去潜水。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Listening and Speaking 1.engine n. 发动机，引擎 Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors’ past behavior to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising. (2026• 全国I卷)智能推荐引擎通过分析展品受欢迎程度和游客过往行为等数据，推荐特定的展览和活动，使每次参观都独具特色且充满惊喜。 【考点拓展】 engineer n. 工程师，技师 engineering n. 工程（学）， 工程师行业 ①Bernardo Espinoza, an _________(engine) who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car.(2026• 全国II卷)每天乘坐地铁的工程师贝尔纳多·埃斯皮诺萨拥有一辆电动车。 ②The latest _________(engine)techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.(2024• 新课标I卷)最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。 【熟词生义】 v.改变…的基因结构 “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day, explained Michael Strano，a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.(2020•全国卷I)“我们正在考虑如何改变植物的基因结构，以取代我们日常使用的东西的功能，”麻省理工学院化学工程教授迈克尔•斯特拉诺解释说。 2.identify v. 确认；识别；认出 AI can help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. (2026• 全国I卷)人工智能可以帮助识别微小的损坏迹象，例如裂缝或变色，这些通常肉眼难以察觉。 【考点拓展】 identify oneself with打成一片，参加到……中去 identify...as...确认……是…… identify with 认为……等同于 identity n. 身份；一致 identical adj.完全相同的；同一的 identification n.辨认，识别；确认，确定；身份证明 ①Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural ________(identify), cultural survival, and history. (2026• 北京卷)尽管气候变化威胁着我们其他宝贵的东西，比如粮食获取，但也涉及文化认同、文化存续和历史。 ②Wherever you are , never ________(identity) opinions with facts.无论你在哪里，都永远不要把意见混同于事实。 ③She identified the man _______ her attacker.她认出那个男人就是那个袭击过她的人。 ④However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain ________(identify)words.(2024• 新课标I卷)然而，为了最大限度地提高学习效果，教育工作者不应该假设所有的媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的单词。 ⑤To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the _________(identify) of their uploaded image.(2024• 新课标I卷)为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。 Reading and Thinking 1.convenient adj. 便利的，适应的，实用的 It could be convenient to employ bird-watchers to do the initial studies.(2025• 浙江卷)雇佣鸟类观察者来做初步研究可能会很方便。 An application called DingTalk acts as class temporarily, which is simple and convenient to use.(应用文之介绍) 一个叫钉钉的应用程序临时代理类，使用简单方便。 【考点拓展】 be convenient for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事方便 inconvenient 不方便的； convenience n. 方便，便利; 便利设施 inconvenience n.不便，麻烦；带来不便者 ①Would it ______________________________at four o'clock and take me to the airport?(读后续写之对话描写)你四点钟接我并把我送到机场，方便吗？ ②People still found coins _________(convenient) to carry, when they wanted to buy something expensive.当人们想要买贵重物品时，仍然觉得携带硬币不方便。 ③ For those seeking both comfort and _________(convenient), the Renaissance Los Angeles Airport Hotel is just a short drive away. (2026• 全国I卷)对于追求舒适与便利的旅客来说，文艺复兴洛杉矶机场酒店近在咫尺，只需短暂车程即可到达。 ④Life is a road full of minor _________(convenience) and major setbacks, which everyone faces, regardless of wealth or social rank.(2025• 天津卷)生活是一条布满小麻烦和大挫折的漫长道路，每个人都会经历这样的过程，无论其财富多少或社会地位如何。 【一句多译】 如果你感兴趣，请你在方便的时候尽快报名吧。 ①→If you are interested, please sign up earlier ___________________. (convenience) ②→If you are interested, please sign up earlier when ___________________ . (convenient) 【语境串记】 You can go at your convenience, but if it is not convenient for you, you can remain for another two days. 你可以在方便的时候走，但如果不方便的话，你可以再待两天。 2.benefit n．利益，好处 The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well.(2025• 浙江1月卷) 这对园丁和地球都有巨大的好处。随着人力投入的大幅减少，花园的生态可以得到很好的发展。 v．有益于，有助于，受益 The two-hour lecture is interesting and informative. Meanwhile, it provides us with fresh new insights into subject selection, which have benefited us a lot.(应用文之发言稿) 这两个小时的讲座既有趣又有见地。同时，它也为我们的选课提供了新的视角，这让我们受益匪浅。 【图表助记】 ①However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ______________ price reductions doesn’t make sense. (2024• 浙江1月卷) 然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。 ②This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most _______(benefit) to their plant designs.(2026• 浙江1月卷)这使得Salk团队能够确定哪些基因对其植物设计最为有益。 ③So heritage protection is at the top of the agenda __________________________ all mankind. (应用文之发言稿) 因此，为了全人类的利益，遗产保护被置于议程的首位。 ④Online learning calls for more self-discipline than classroom learning. Hope my advice _________________________ you.(应用文之建议信) 在线学习比课堂学习更需要自律。希望我的建议对你有帮助。 【一句多译】 参加这个音乐节对你很有益。 →①Participating in the music festival __________________________.(benefit n.) →②Participating in the music festival _________________.(benefit vt.) →③You_________________participating in the music festival.(benefit vi.) →④Participating in the music festival _________________.(beneficial adj.) 【易混辨析】beneficial /advantageous/profitable 【帮你记词】 多多“有好处” ①benefit　②be beneficial to ③be of benefit to ④be good for⑤do good to 【熟词生义】 This new railway benefits this area in many ways.It is beneficial to the people living in this area.For the benefit of more people，we should build more railways.这条新铁路在许多方面使这个地区受益。这对生活在这个地区的人们是有益的。为了更多的人的利益，我们应该修建更多的铁路。 3.distant adj. 远的，久远的；关系远的(亲戚) Having noticed this, Mia asked Ivy, “Did I hurt you? You seem to be distant.”(2026• 北京卷)注意到这一点后，米娅问伊芙：“我伤害了你吗？你看起来好像很疏远。” 【考点拓展】 distance n. 距离，间距 in the distance 在远处(远距离） keep one's distance from 疏远; 与……保持距离 keep sb. at a distance 和某人保持距离 at a distance of 在……的地方 distantly adv. 在远处 ①To Eva, “a mile” was used to describe long ______(distant). (2024• 浙江卷)对伊娃来说，“一英里”是用来形容长距离的。 ②When he came back to life, the sound of the car ___________________ . (读后续写之细节描写)当他苏醒过来时，汽车的响声消失在远处。 ③It was difficult to get to know her because she always __________________________. (读后续写之细节描写)要了解她很难，她老是对每个人都保持一段距离。 ④She became ______(distant) aware that the light had grown strangely brighter and was flickering gently.她模糊地意识到光线奇怪地变得明亮起来，轻轻摇曳着。 【易混辨析】at a distance/ in the distance at a distance 指“在一定距离的地方”，或比喻意义“亲近”，介词用at， distance前有a或 some，a certain等修饰； in the distance表示“在远处，在远方(= far away)”，介词用in，distance前有the。 【熟词生义】 adj. 疏远的，冷淡的 However, after I went to high school, somehow I became distant from him.(2022·全国甲卷)然而上了高中后，不知怎么的，我和他变得疏远了。 【语境串记】 The man is always distant towards his neighbours, so his neighbours often keep him at a distance．这个人对邻居总是很疏远，所以邻居们都对他敬而远之。 4.inspire v. 鼓舞；驱使；赋予……灵感；给……以启示；激起，唤起(感情,思想等) ；引起；产生；煽动 Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? (2025• 北京卷)受到故事中神奇地图的启发，她想知道：如果我们能建立一个现实世界的应用程序，帮助人们探索自己城市中隐藏的地方会怎么样？ 【图表助记】 ①It can be energizing and _____(inspire) if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation.(2025• 北京卷)如果你把这些比较作为动力的来源，它会让你充满活力和灵感。 ②King Robert’s story offers a deep well of _____(inspire) for those who most need it.(2026• 北京卷) 罗伯特的故事为那些最需要激励的人提供了深邃的灵感源泉。 ③Best of all, my passion for my hobbies seems to _________________________about finding their own.(2026• 浙江1月卷)最棒的是，我对兴趣爱好的热情似乎能激励他们也对发掘自己的兴趣产生热情。 ④To be honest , the young woman is an______(inspire) singer. 老实说，这位年轻女子是个有灵感的歌手。 【熟词生义】 v．启发 His best music was inspired by the memory of his mother.他最好的音乐灵感启发于对母亲的怀念。 【语境串记】 Listening to his inspiring speech，we were inspired to make great efforts.It gave us not only hope but also inspiration.听了他鼓舞人心的演讲，我们受到鼓舞，要更加努力。它不仅给了我们希望，也给了我们灵感。 5.now adv.现在，此刻；马上，立刻 In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.(2025• 全国I卷)在澳大利亚，2600多万人拥有2000多万辆汽车，是世界上汽车拥有率最高的国家之一。 n.现在,目前,此刻 But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy.(2025• 北京卷)但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。 【考点拓展】 from now on从现在开始 just now刚才;现在 up to now 到目前为止，常和现在完成时态连用 (every)now and then偶尔;有时 now that“既然；由于”，相当于since，用于引导原因状语从句 nowadays adv. 现今,时下 nowhere adv. 无处，哪里都不(位于句首时句中要求用部分倒装结构)n.不存在的地方，荒芜的地区 ①While waking home, he looked back __________to see if anyone was following him. (读后续写之细节描写)当他朝家走的时候，他不时地回头往后看，看是否有人在跟着他。 ②I also like to collect idioms, and I have collected and mastered hundreds of idioms _____________. (应用文之语言类)我还喜欢收集习语，到目前为止，我已经收集和掌握了数百个习语。 ③__________________________________, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. (2024• 北京) 既然我们处于信息时代，我们就有了新的概念，如计算机，信息处理，虚拟现实，仿真。 ④Nowhere else in the world _________ more friendly people than in China.在世界上没有任何地方你能找到比中国人更友好的人了。 6.access n．接触的机会；通道 If you enter through the wrong access point, you’ll be turned around and redirected — so plan ahead. (2026• 全国I卷)如果你通过错误的入口进入，将会被引导并重新定向——所以请提前做好准备。 v．获取 You've illegally accessed and misused confidential security files. 你已经非法访问并盗用了机密的安全文件。 【考点拓展】 have access to 有权使用…… gain / get access to 进入（某地）；见到（某人或某物） accessible adj.易达到的；易进入的 accessibly adv.可接近地；可得到地 be accessible to 易接近的；易懂的 ①It is said that 95% of teenagers either own or ____________________.(2025• 全国II卷)据说95%的青少年拥有或可以使用智能手机。 ②This adaptability ensures that complex historical concepts become __________(access) and engaging for young minds.(2026• 全国I卷)这种适应性使复杂的历史概念变得易于理解且引人入胜，适合年轻一代。 【易混辨析】access/approach 这两个词都含有“进入，接近”的方式之意，后面都跟介词to短语作定语，access是不可数名词，含有“有权做某事”之意，不与不定冠词an连用，而approach是可数名词，普通用词，有复数形式。 【语境串记】 Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village，so it is not accessible to the outside now.落石切断了通往村子的唯一通道，所以现在外面无法进入。 7.go v. 离去, 走, 进行, 变成, 趋于, 达到 She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.(2025• 全国I卷)她在不同的机器之间来回穿梭，制作饮料。 【考点拓展】 go about 着手干；做；四处走动 go after追逐；追求 go against 违背；不利于 go ahead 先走； 取得进展 go along 进行;继续；同意；合作； go at 扑向；努力从事于 go back (to) 回去； 追溯 go by 经过；(时间)过去；错过(机会等) go down 落下；下降； 减弱 go down with 被接受 go for 抨击；对……适用; 想得到 go in for 参加；喜欢 go into 从事；调查；进入……状态 go off 响起；变质；入睡；进行；转行 go off with 擅自拿走； go on 继续下去；(时间)过去；发生 go out 外出；熄灭； 过时； go over 受欢迎；察看；重温 go round/around 四处走动；探望；足够分配 go through with 完成；实行 go together 相配 go up 上升；被建造起来；被焚毁 go with 伴随；与……相配 ①On certain days each month, adults from the neighborhood sit in class with the students and see what’s _____________________ in the school.(2025• 全国II卷)每个月的某些日子里，邻居的成年人会和学生们坐在教室里，看看学校里发生了什么。 ②Fishermen _____________ to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets.(2025• 全国II卷)渔民每天出海，在港区市场出售他们的鱼。 ③Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we _______________ life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story.(2025• 北京卷)到了20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊提出了生活故事模型，认为在我们的人生旅途中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆交织在一起，共同构建了一个个人故事。 ④In the ninth grade, I _______________my first group interview for a leadership position as a shy girl.(2025• 北京卷)九年级的时候，作为一个害羞的女孩，我第一次参加了领导职位的集体面试。 ⑤As time __________, other gardeners and like-minded people began to follow my progress, too.(2024• 新课标I卷)随着时间的流逝，其他园丁和志同道合的人也开始关注我的进步。 ⑥If the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will ________ by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%.(2026• 全国I卷)如果城市在新种植中保持以往物种的模式，那么未来几十年内曼哈顿的异戊烯产量将增加约140%，导致夏季臭氧浓度最高上升30%。 ⑦After my undergraduate degree, convinced that writing wasn’t for me, I _______ to study teaching.(2026• 全国II卷)大学毕业后，我深信写作不适合自己，于是转而学习教育学。 【易混辨析】go on doing ,go on to do ,go on with go on doing强调连续不断地干某事，表示继续做原来在做的那件事； go on to do则表示接着做另一件事； go on with在意义上等同于go on doing ，但with后必须接名词或代词。 【熟词生义1】 v. 忍受 She can't go such behaviour.对这种行为她忍受不了。 【熟词生义】 n. 进行；试 Let's have a go at it.让我们试一试。 8.tough adj. 困难的；费力的；难吃的；坚决的；顽强的；强硬的；强壮的；强健的 When was the last time you took on a tough choice?(2025• 北京卷)你上一次做出艰难的选择是什么时候？ 【一词多义】——根据语境选出tough的词性及含义 A.adj.坚韧的;坚固的　B.adj.坚强的　C.adj.嚼不动的　D.adj.强硬的;严厉的　E.adj.艰难的;艰苦的 1.You have to be tough to be successful in politics. 　　　  2.Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.(2023·课标卷II) 　　　  3.Meanwhile,in those countries where the shawls(披肩) are sold,police are getting tough with the dealers. 　　　  4.Asparagus(芦笋) is by nature tender and tasty at one end, but gets tough and difficult to eat at the other end. 　　　  5.Harvard researchers have created a tough, low-cost,biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells. 　　　  【考点拓展】 be tough on somebody对某人刻薄；刁难某人 as tough as nails/as tough as old boots (=very tough)非常坚固；非常硬朗 a tough customer难对付的顾客 Discovering Useful Structures 1.confirm v.证实，证明 Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.(2024• 新课标I卷)五人或以上的团体需要特别安排，必须提前确认。 【考点拓展】 confirmation n. 确定，证实，确认 Therefore, I plead with you, if possible, to give me a hand, contacting some airlines in _________(confirm) of a vacant seat.(应用文之求助信)因此，我恳求你，如果可能的话，给我一个帮助，联系一些航空公司确认一个空座位。 2.press vt. 压，按; 逼迫 Somehow , I forced my finger to press the button. (读后续写之细节描写) 不知怎么的，我强迫我的手指按下按钮。 n. 新闻报道，出版物 The story was reported in the press and on television.(读后续写之细节描写) 这件事已在报刊和电视上报道了。 【考点拓展】 press sb. to do sth.或者press sb. for sth. "催逼某人干某事；尽力劝某人干某事 pressure压力；压迫 under the pressure of 在……压力下 ①When I wanted to leave , Kate ________________________ a little longer.(读后续写之细节描写) 当我想离开的时候，凯特尽力劝我再待一会儿。 ② In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting____________ (press), I falsely confessed (承认).(2025• 北京卷) 为了摆脱不断增加的压力，我谎称自己有罪。 ③While countries spend millions attracting tourists, they are also _____________________ tourism.(应用文之职业发言稿) 各国在花费数百万美元吸引游客的同时，也面临着旅游业的压力。 【熟词生义】 vt.将……塞进 When she reached one nurse，she tried to press a five－pound note into her hand.(2021·全国乙卷) 当她走近一名护士时，她试图把一张五英镑的钞票塞到她手里。 【语境串记】 The firm is pressing me for a decision and the pressure from my parents is quite unbearable，so I have to accept this new job.公司催我做决定，来自父母的压力也让我难以忍受，所以我不得不接受这份新工作。 Listening and Talking 1.shape n. 形状；形；样子 Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. (2026• 全国II卷)恰如其分的是，这本书的创作过程正是在海边与山间交替的夏日里完成的。 v. 使形成；使符合；形成，发展 He melted plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks.(2025• 北京卷) 他把熔塑料瓶熔化，然后试着把它们做成小砖。 【考点拓展】 in good (bad)shape 完整无损 ； in shape 在外形上； in the shape of 以……的形状； shapeless adj. 无（定）型的，不成样子的，难看的； shapely adj. 模样好看的 2.track n.小道，小径；踪迹，足迹，车辙 TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences. (2025• 北京卷)TransForm允许您通过主题讲座、实践研讨会和非现场体验专注于您选择的轨道。 v.追查，追踪；（尤指用特殊电子设备）跟踪 The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates.这个研究项目对400名毕业生的事业发展情况进行跟踪调查。 【考点拓展】 ①This book has been in the works so long that I have _____________ most of the sources found for me by the staff of the library.写作这本书的时间如此之长，以致于我找不到图书馆职员为我找到的大部分原始资料。 ②Bank statements help you________________where your money is going.银行账单有助于你了解你的资金使用情况。 3.account n. 账户 To obtain the article or chapter, click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account.(2025·浙江1月卷)要获取文章或章节，请点击电子邮件中提供的链接并登录您的ILL帐户。 v. (+for)占比；导致；解释 Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene.(2026• 全国I卷)目前占该市树木总数的大多数的橡树与甜木树，能产生大量一种名为异戊二烯的化学物质。 As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.(2025• 全国I卷)随着世界竞相使一切事物脱碳，它面临着交通运输方面的特殊问题——交通运输约占我们与能源有关的温室气体排放的四分之一。 【考点拓展】 take ......into account, take account of 考虑到；把……计算在内 on account of sb/sth 因为 ①Urban planners in practice have to __________ many interest groups in society.(应用文之建议信) 城市规划人员在实际工作中必须把社会各利益集团都考虑在内。 ②Nowadays,______________ heavy learning tasks, we high school students spend so little time exercising that many of us suffer from physical or mental health.(应用文之投稿) 如今，由于繁重的学习任务，我们高中生花很少的时间锻炼，我们中的许多人遭受身体或心理健康。 【熟词生义1】 n. 描述，叙述，报告 When we consider contact between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue.(2023·全国乙卷)我们探讨像这样识字与非识字社会之间的联系时，我们所有的第一手描述不可避免都是片面的，它们仅仅展现了对话的一半。 【熟词生义2】 v. 考虑 We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs.(2025·全国I卷)我们在道路上投入了大量资金，帮助我们快速通过，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。 Reading for Writing & Assessing Your Progress 1.rude adj. 粗鲁的,无礼的；粗糙的,简陋的 People of the Stone Age used rude tools.石器时代的人使用粗糙简陋的工具。 【考点拓展】 rudely adv.无礼地；粗暴地 rudeness n.无礼；粗蛮 2.target n. 对象，目标；（射击的）靶子；目的 The university will reach its target of 5 000 students next September.这所大学将于下个九月达到在校学生5 000人的目标。 v. 瞄准，把…作为攻击目标 Mr. Smith targets the economy as the root cause of the worse law and order situation.史密斯先生认为经济是导致法律和秩序恶化的根本原因。 【考点拓展】 be targeted on/at“以……为目标，把……对准；旨在…… achieve one’s target 达到目标 fire at the target 对着靶子射击 hit(set) the target 完成（定）指标 3.particular adj. 特殊的；特定的，考究的，苛刻的 As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. (2025• 全国I卷)随着世界竞相使一切事物脱碳，它面临着交通运输方面的特殊问题——交通运输约占我们与能源有关的温室气体排放的四分之一。 【考点拓展】 be particular about 对……挑剔 in particular(=particularly) 尤其, 特别 particularly adv .表示程度“特别，尤其” ①She has already tried her best. Please don’t _______ her job.(读后续写对话描写) 她已经尽力了，请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。 ②Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks,②___________ , tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety.(2024• 全国甲卷) 尽管在任何层面上都存在着各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。 ③AI also significantly enhances the educational value of museums, __________(particular) for children and families.  (2026• 全国I卷)人工智能也显著提升了博物馆的教育价值，尤其对儿童和家庭而言。 【易混辨析】especially , specially, particularly especially 意思是“特别地.不寻常地”，强调程度，在进一步补充说明前面所叙述的事的时候，前面一般用逗号分开，一般用来形容词.介词短语或状语从句，相当于in particular；侧重超过其它全部，突出到“特别地”的程度； specially “专门地”，强调目的，一般用在表示目的的不定式或介词for 短语前面。相当于on purpose； particularly 表示程度“特别，尤其”。 【熟词生义】 n. 细节, 细目, 详情 He gave full particulars of the stolen property. 他详细列出全部被盗的财物。 4.embarrass v. 使困窘; 使局促不安 Maybe next time I won't embarrass you in front of your friends. (读后续写之细节描写) 也许下次我不会让你在你朋友前感到尴尬。 【考点拓展】 embarrassed adj.困窘的, 局促不安的, 尴尬的，表示对人的感情 embarrassing adj.令人为难的, 尴尬的; embarrassment n. 困难, 困窘, 阻碍 be/feel embarrassed about/at/by/with 对……感到难为情 to my embarrassment 使我难堪的是…… with embarrassment 尴尬地，窘迫地 ①You feel________(embarrass) at saying no because you always think the negative effects of doing this are serious.(应用文之建议信)你在说“不”时会感到尴尬，因为你总是认为这样做的负面影响是严重的。 ②Last Friday found me totally in a mess! I had an________(embarrass) conflict with my friend Anna at school. (读后续写之细节描写)上周五我发现自己一团糟！我和我的朋友安娜在学校发生了一场尴尬的冲突。 ③I remember the ________(embarrass) on his face. (2026• 北京卷)我记得他脸上的尴尬神情。 ④________________________, she realized that everyone was staring at her.(读后续写之细节描写)当她意识到大家都盯着她看时，她感到很不好意思。 ⑤She turned away in disgust and anger; I stood in the corner of the room _________________________.(应用文之记叙)她又厌恶又生气地转过身去；我尴尬地站在房间的角落里。 【一句多译】 让我尴尬的是没有人对我的问题作出回应。 →①______________________ was that no one responded to my question.(embarrassed) →②_____________________________ no one responded to my question.(embarrass) →③_______________________，no one responded to my question.(embarrassment) 【语境串记】 His embarrassing question made me embarrassed greatly. I felt my face burning with embarrassment.他那令人尴尬的问题使我非常尴尬。我觉得自己的脸因尴尬而发烫。 5.fun n.乐趣，享受；嬉戏，玩笑；有趣的人或事物 I don't see the fun of doing that.  我看不出那样做有什么好玩的。   adj.有趣的，令人愉快的 Often students come to the classroom believing that learning can't be fun and that what they learn isn’t relevant to the real world --- much less to their personal interests. (2026• 浙江1月卷)学生常常来到教室时，认为学习无法带来乐趣，也觉得所学内容与现实世界无关，更不用说与自己的个人兴趣相关了。 【考点拓展】 have fun 玩的开心 have fun doing sth. 开心做某事 for fun 为了开心，为了好玩 make fun of 取笑…… funny adj.滑稽的，有趣的 ①I realised that by trying something new, I can _________ — even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone.(2024• 北京卷)我意识到，通过尝试新事物，我可以玩的开心——即使这意味着要走出我的舒适区。 ②So now let's welcome the _______(fun) man with serious tone, Jacob Johnson.(2024• 新课标I卷)现在让我们欢迎语气严肃的有趣的人，雅各布·约翰逊。 ③But for the bad weather, I had fun ______ (meet) friends and relatives.要不是天气糟糕，我会非常高兴地与朋友们和亲戚们见面的。 ④We should take care of the blind. It is immoral to ______ them.(应用文之发言稿)我们应该照顾盲人，取笑他们是不道德的。 6.upset adj.不安的，心烦意乱的；感到不适的 Not standing a chance against competitive applicants, I came out of the interview with an upset look. (2025• 北京卷)在竞争激烈的应聘者面前毫无胜算，我一脸沮丧地走出面试。 v.打翻，弄翻；打乱；使心烦 What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? (2025• 北京卷)当马克骑着自行车在附近转悠时，是什么让他心烦意乱？ 【一词多义】 根据语境选出upset的含义 A.adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的　B.vt.弄翻，打翻　C.vt.打乱　D.vt.使生气，使烦恼 1.What made him upset was that his friend did a cruel thing. 2.He stood up suddenly，upsetting the soup. 3.The sudden change of the weather upset our plan to go to the entertainment park. 4.It upset her that her new suggestion was turned down by the boss. 7.guide n. 指导;向导;导游 Upon entering the correct zone, parking staff will guide you directly to a space. (2026• 全国I卷)进入正确区域后，停车工作人员将直接引导您前往停车位。 v.指引;指导 We set off on Monday morning and arrived in Melbourne after a two-hour bus ride, we started with a guided tour of Eureka Tower. (2026• 全国II卷)我们周一早上出发，经过两小时的巴士车程抵达墨尔本，随后开始参观尤里卡塔。 【考点拓展】 guide sb to/through/along 引导某人走到/穿过(渡过)/沿着 guide dog 盲人的领路狗;导盲犬 guidebook 旅游指南 guidance n.指导;引导 under one’s guidance/under the guidance of... 在……的指导/引导下 misguided adj.被误导的 guideline (常用复)指导方针 ①My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my actions. Tearfully, I confessed my _________(guide) longing for recognition.(2025• 北京卷)我泪流满面地承认了自己对认可的错误渴望。 ②You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your______ (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei.(2025• 全国I卷)你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。 ③_____________________ my coach, I improve my skills gradually.(应用文之运动类)在教练的指导下，我的技术逐渐提高。 【语境串记】 The teacher guided us through all the important points and we got fully prepared under the guidance of her before the exam.老师指导我们通过了所有的重点，我们在她的指导下，考试前做好了充分的准备。 8.author n.作者，著者；作家；发起者，创始人；作品 “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. (2026• 全国I卷)“我们在屏幕上做事情时，通常会用非常具体的方式来思考，”这项研究的资深作者西蒙娜·施诺尔表示。 v.撰写，写作；发起，创造 Then he opened a restaurant, authored a book, and landed his own radio show. (应用文之人物介绍) 后来他开了个餐馆，写了本书，还制作了自己的广播剧。 【考点拓展】 authority n．作“权力；权威；授权”解时，为不可数名词；指“权威人士，权威性的东西”时，为可数名词；指“官方、当局”使用复数authorities； abuse one’s authority 滥用职权 be an authority on sth 在……方面是权威 by the authority of 得到……的许可 have authority over 对……有权力 in authority 权力，当权 authoritative adj.可靠的，可信的，权威的 ①In the headmaster’s office, my father listened attentively, and then spoke with quiet ________(author): “I trust my son.(2025• 北京卷) 在校长办公室里，父亲认真地听着，然后带着平静的权威说：“我相信我的儿子。 ②One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so ________(author) that it shook me. (2024• 北京卷) 在我40岁出头的一天晚上，我梦见一个穿红衣的高大女人走近我，递给我一袋颜料，让我开始画。这个梦的权威性使我感到震惊。 ③People do what they want and have fun when someone _______authority is absent. (读后续写之细节描写) 管事的人不在，人们随心所欲。 9.tip n. 顶端，尖，尖端物的最尖端断部分；建议，小经验；小费 If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter”.(2025• 北京卷)如果你想翻开新的一页，一个重要的建议是选择一个重要的日期，标志着新的“篇章”的开始。 v. 给出建议 I'll tip you about learning English. 我要对于你如何学好英语给出建议。 【一词多义】——根据语境选出tip的词性及含义 A.n.小费　B.n.技巧;建议　C.n.尖;尖端　D.v.给小费　E.v.倾倒;(使)倾斜 1.Sorry, your name is just on the tip of my tongue. 　　　  2.After I had my hair cut,I gave the hairdresser a tip. 　　　  3.Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. (2024·新课标II 卷) 　　　  4.The seat tips forward to allow passengers into the back. 　　　  5.She tipped the waiter two dollars for his excellent service. 　　　  【熟词生义】 v.预言…获胜；事先说…会成功 The actor is tipped to win an Oscar for his performance.这位演员因表演出色而被认为有望获得奥斯卡奖。 10.family n.家，家庭；家属，亲属 After we had twins and became a family of five, my husband and I decided to move from London back to Yorkshire, to be closer to my parents.(2026• 北京卷)在我们生下双胞胎、家庭成员增至五口后，我丈夫和我决定从伦敦搬回约克郡，以便能更亲近我的父母。 【考点拓展】 familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的 be/get familiar with‌ 某人熟悉某物 ‌be familiar to‌ 某物为某人熟知 unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的; 不常见的 ①Sound__________(family) ? You may not know the term, but that feeling is “kama muta”, a recently named emotion that marks some of the most important moments in our life.(2026• 北京卷)听起来熟悉吗？你可能不知道这个术语，但那种感觉就是“kama muta”，一种最近被命名的情感，它标志着我们生命中一些最重要的时刻。 ②To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that_______________________. (2024• 北京卷)为了促进我们对世界的理解，我们基于我们熟悉的概念隐喻构建模型。 ③Once the seals_________________ the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber. (2025• 天津卷)一旦海豹熟悉了这个设置，研究人员就开始逐渐改变呼吸室内空气的成分。 ④She drove on for a while and found herself on an__________(familiar) road toward a Canadian town.(2026• 全国I卷)她继续行驶了一段时间，发现自己正驶上一条陌生的道路，朝一个加拿大小镇方向前进。 【易混辨析】：familiar, close, intimate familiar指经常接触，长时间的交往使彼此熟悉，亲近，甚至随便，不拘小节； close指由于感情、爱好、兴趣等方面的接近而趋于亲近，也指关系上的亲密； intimate是正式用语，指由于有某种关系（如血缘关系、朋友关系等）或深刻了解彼此的思想感情，或有共同的爱好、志向而亲近。 【一词多义】 adj. 随便的 You seem to be on very familiar terms with your tutor.你似乎和你的导师之间很随便。 11.mind n. 思想; 头脑; 思维方式; 有才智的人; 心思; 记忆力 People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.(2025• 全国II卷)人们对老师的工作有一种印象，但这并不是真正的老师。 v. 烦恼; 介意; 当心; 服从; 关心，照看 【考点拓展】 change one's mind改变主意 make up one's mind 下决心 mind out小心 never mind (用于接答歉意的表示)没有关系,不要记在心上 Do (Would) you mind if...句型用来表示请求对方的许可，即询问对方"是否介意（说话人）做某事" Would you mind doing sth.? 这一句型通常用来表示请他人做某事，常译为"可否请你做......"或"劳驾你做......" come to one's mind突然想起 bear/keep in mind记住 never mind不用担心，不要紧，没关系 bring... to mind使……想起；想起…… mindless adj.莽撞的；盲目的 mindful adj. 留心的；记住的；警觉的 mindfully adv.谨慎地；注意地 ①During the _______(mind) hours of sewing and furnishing, I listened to audiobooks about the history of dollhouses, learning that they were not invented for play.(2025• 天津卷) 在缝纫和布置家具的无聊时间里，我听着关于玩具屋历史的有声读物，了解到它们不是为了玩耍而发明的。 ②By _______(mindful) seeking out opportunities to stimulate this feeling, you could fill your life with greater meaning.(2026• 北京卷)通过有意识地寻找激发这种感觉的机会，你就能让生活充满更深层的意义。 ③After a heated discussion, we ________________ to record our experiences at school.   经过激烈的讨论, 我们下定决心录制在校的一些活动经历。 ④When we first met Bryan, we didn't like him，but now we __________________________.第一次见到布莱恩时，我们不喜欢他，但现在我们已改变了主意。 ⑤Would you mind ______ (answer) some questions on shopping habits?回答几个关于购物习惯的问题你介意吗？ ⑥Much of this lifestyle centers around being outside and knowing the ins and outs of the town; being present and_______(mind) of your surroundings is a critical part of the culture.(2026• 全国I卷)这种生活方式的很大一部分围绕着户外活动以及熟悉城镇的方方面面；保持在场并留意周围环境，是这种文化中至关重要的部分。 12.define vt. 定义, 详细说明；确定，规定 Yet while an Innovator creates something new, the Disruptor is defined as much by what they destroy as by what they create.(2026• 北京卷)然而，尽管创新者创造新事物，颠覆者更多地被他们所摧毁的东西所定义，而非他们所创造的。 【考点拓展】 definite adj. 明确的, 一定的，肯定的，限定的 definitely adv.肯定地，当然；明确地 definition n. 定义，解说 redefine v.重新定义，重新界定 ①“I _________(definite) do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.”(2026• 全国I卷) “我肯定不认识这些所有的词，”我说，“但正因如此，这本书才成了我最喜欢的书之一。” ②Let's fix a _________(define) date for the next meeting.我们定一下下次开会的确切日期吧。 ③For something to be considered scientific, it must, by _________(define), be testable. (2025• 天津卷)对于被认为是科学的东西，根据定义，它必须是可测试的。 ④In short, AI is _________(define) the museum in all respects.(2026• 全国I卷)简而言之，人工智能正在全方位地重新定义博物馆。 13.case n. 情况，状况；诉讼，案件 That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(2026• 全国II卷)这种能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统中，通过电缆传输以为车站或电动汽车充电器供电。 【考点拓展】 in case如果；万一 后面的从句中可用虚拟语气“(should＋)do”，也可不用虚拟语气 in case of 假如……；万一…… in the case of 就……而言；至于…… in no case 无论如何不；决不,位于句首用到装 in any case 在任何情况下，不管怎样 in this/that case 在这种/那种情况下 as is often the case 情况经常如此 ①Secondly, take good care of the wildlife. _________________________________, say no to the purchase or report it immediately. (应用文之发言稿) 第二，好好照顾野生动物。如有非法狩猎或出售，请立即拒绝购买或报告。 ②The Students' Union has decided to hold a Go competition in the school reception hall from 3 to 5 p.m. on January 10th. _________________________________, let me briefly introduce it.(应用文之通知) 学生会决定于1月10日下午3时至5时在学校接待大厅举行围棋比赛。 如果你不熟悉，让我简单介绍一下。 ③_____________, book the tickets first. (应用文之建议信) 无论如何先把票订好。 ④____________, you need all the help you can get.  (应用文之建议信) 在这种情况下，您必须寻求一切可以获得的帮助。 ⑤________________ may you leave the baby alone at home.  (应用文之建议信) 你决不能把孩子一个人留在家里。 ⑥________________，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(读后续写之细节描写) 就像其他小孩子一样，医生来的时候艾米好多了。 【句式升级】 We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people. →_________________________ that goes against the interests of people. (倒装)  【易混辨析】in case/in in case of/in the case of in case in case为连词，in case引导条件状语从句时，意为：如果，万一；in case引导目的状语从句时，意为：恐怕，以免。 in case of 假如，如果发生，相当于一个介词，后跟名词或代词作宾语。 in the case of 就……而言 【熟词生义】 n. 病例；容器，箱子 The most serious cases were treated at the scene of the accident.受伤最严重的病例在事故现场得到了救治。 It has one of the new memory discs and a protected case for filming underwater, so you can take it when you go diving.它有一个新的存储盘和一个用于水下拍摄的保护盒，因此您可以带着它去潜水。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $