Unit 4 阅读专项训练 2026-2027学年沪教版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** 围绕单元主题，以核心词汇短语为载体，通过完形+阅读题型系统训练词汇辨析、细节理解等解题技巧，构建“词汇-语境-题型”逻辑链条，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|10小题|动词短语辨析、名词词义辨析、固定搭配（如of all time）|核心词汇（wheel/distance等）在语境中的应用，从词汇到语篇理解| |阅读理解|12小题（4篇）|细节理解题定位原文、主旨大意题概括段落|单元主题（交通工具/科技）多维度拓展，从具体信息到综合理解|

沪教版八年级上册Unit 4阅读专项训练 命题说明 本套练习围绕Unit4交通工具、发明创造、科技利弊、出行方式等单元主题命题,全部选用本单元课本核心词汇、短语命题。题型对标中考阅读题型设置:1篇完形填空+4篇阅读理解。练习难度适配单元同步巩固,文本选用交通工具发展史、出行方式对比、3D打印科普、未来出行预测素材,贴合八年级学生学情,适合日常同步训练与单元检测。 核心考点覆盖:wheel,central,although,attach,pull,international,path,technique,depend,doubt,personally,prediction,statement,benefit,wing,distance,petrol,avoid,anywhere,notice,type,mixture,heat,press,metal;重点短语:steam locomotive,crewed spacecraft,on foot,a number of,take place,for instance,large amounts of,international trade,depend on,3D printer,without doubt,of all time,make fun of,traffic jam。 第一部分 完形填空(10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Many great inventions have 1 in human history. The 2 is one of the most important inventions 3 all time. It helped people travel long 4. 5 a number of new transport tools appear, some people still choose to go 6. Personally, I think modern transport has many 7. We do not 8 on petrol only, and we can almost go 9. Without 10, technology will keep changing our way of travelling. 1. A. taken place B. made fun of C. pressed down D. heated up 2. A. metal B. wheel C. mixture D. statement 3. A. for B. in C. of D. on 4. A. paths B. distances C. wings D. techniques 5. A. Although B. If C. Because D. Until 6. A. on foot B. for instance C. central D. international 7. A. doubts B. predictions C. benefits D. types 8. A. attach B. pull C. avoid D. depend 9. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere 10. A. doubt B. heat C. petrol D. traffic jam 第二部分 阅读理解(共12小题;每小题2分,满分24分) Passage A The wheel is a great invention of all time. It changed international trade a lot. A number of new means of transport took place because of it, for instance, the steam locomotive. In the central part of old cities, many narrow paths were not fit for big vehicles. Although people could pull or attach things to carts, travelling for long distances was hard in the old days. Now we have different transport techniques. We do not wholly depend on petrol‑powered cars. We can avoid many traffic jams by choosing different ways to go out. Personally, some people still like going on foot. They notice that walking brings them lots of health benefits. Some scientists’ predictions say future transport will use less large amounts of petrol. 根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。 11. What invention changed international trade greatly according to the text? A. 3D printer B. wheel C. crewed spacecraft D. steam locomotive 12. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Narrow paths in old cities are perfect for big vehicles B. People can avoid traffic jams by choosing different transport ways C. All people prefer to drive cars rather than walk D. Future transport will use more petrol than now 13. What can we know from the passage? A. The wheel makes long‑distance travel easier B. Steam locomotive has nothing to do with the wheel C. People never pulled carts in old times D. Walking has no health benefits at all Passage B 3D‑printer is a useful modern technique. It uses metal, mixture and other materials. Workers heat and press these materials to make different objects. Some people used to make fun of this new machine. They had doubt about its value. Without doubt, it has become popular around the world now. A number of factories depend on 3D printers to make parts for planes. For instance, some plane wings can be made by it. Some scientists make statements that 3D printing will play a big role in future international trade. It helps cut down large amounts of production cost. Although it still has some weak points, its benefits are obvious. People can notice its products almost anywhere. 根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。 14. What materials are used in 3D printing in this passage? A. Petrol and wood B. Metal and mixture C. Wheel and path D. Steam and petrol 15. What did some people think of 3D printer at first? A. They thought it was totally useless and made fun of it B. They bought large numbers of 3D printers at once C. They used it to make plane wings for free D. They believed it would replace all factories 16. Which is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. How to heat different kinds of metal B. The development and advantages of 3D‑printer C. The history of steam locomotive D. Different kinds of traffic jams in big cities Passage C What will our transport be like in the future? Many scientists give their predictions. Some statements talk about new crewed spacecraft, which can take people to travel in space. Although space travel sounds cool, it still depends on high‑level techniques. Scientists need to avoid a number of risks. Large amounts of money are also needed. Personally, I believe space travel for the general public will not come true very soon. It is not easy to pull people out of the earth’s gravity. We can notice that even today, space trips are only for a few people. Some people still have doubt: can ordinary people travel to space one day? 根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。 17. What is the theme of this passage? A. The past of steam locomotive B. Predictions about future space transport C. How to make metal mixtures D. Advice on how to avoid traffic jams 18. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Space travel needs high‑level techniques B. Space travel costs large amounts of money C. Ordinary people can travel to space freely right now D. Some people still doubt public space travel 19. What does the writer think of space travel for common people? A. It will come true very soon B. It won’t be realized in a short time C. It is completely impossible forever D. It has no risks at all Passage D Nowadays traffic jams take place quite often in central big cities. Petrol cars bring us convenience, but they also cause pollution. For instance, large amounts of waste gas come out from petrol cars. So more new transport ideas appear. Some new vehicles have special wings. They can fly above busy paths. They help people avoid heavy traffic. Without doubt, such new transport has many benefits. You can go almost anywhere you want. Although these inventions sound wonderful, they still face lots of problems. They depend on new techniques. Some engineers attach different types of metal parts and test again and again. Some people make fun of these strange‑looking cars, but scientists do not give up. Their prediction is that such vehicles will serve the public one day. 根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。 20. What problem do petrol cars bring according to the passage? A. They can fly above the roads B. They cause pollution and traffic jams C. They use no petrol at all D. They can work without any techniques 21. What is the advantage of the new vehicles with wings? A. They can fly to space B. They can avoid heavy traffic C. They do not need any metal parts D. They cost no money 22. What is the scientists’ prediction about the new vehicles? A. They will serve the public one day B. They will never be used C. They will replace all planes D. They will produce large amounts of petrol 参考答案与详细解析 一、完形填空答案 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.A 完形填空逐题解析 1.答案:A. taken place 考点解析:动词短语辨析。take place发生、进行;make fun of取笑;press按压;heat加热。句意:人类历史上发生过许多伟大发明。为单元重点短语。 2.答案:B. wheel 考点解析:名词词义辨析。wheel车轮;metal金属;mixture混合物;statement说明。车轮是人类历史最重要发明之一,单元核心名词。 3.答案:C. of 考点解析:固定搭配。of all time 自古以来、有史以来,课本固定短语。 4.答案:B. distances 考点解析:名词词义辨析。distance距离;path小路;wing机翼;technique技巧。travel long distances 长途出行。 5.答案:A. Although 考点解析:连词词义辨析。although虽然,引导让步状语从句。句意:虽然出现了许多新式交通工具。 6.答案:A. on foot 考点解析:固定短语。on foot步行;for instance例如;central在中心的;international国际的。go on foot 步行出行。 7.答案:C. benefits 考点解析:名词词义辨析。benefit益处、优势;doubt疑惑;prediction预测;type类型。many benefits许多优势。 8.答案:D. depend 考点解析:固定搭配。depend on依靠、依赖。句意:我们不再仅仅依靠汽油。attach依附;pull拉;avoid避免。 9.答案:B. anywhere 考点解析:副词词义辨析。anywhere任何地方。句意:我们几乎可以去往任何地方。 10.答案:A. doubt 考点解析:固定短语。without doubt毫无疑问,单元核心短语。heat加热;petrol汽油;traffic jam交通堵塞。 二、阅读理解答案与解析 Passage A 答案:11.B 12.B 13.A 11.答案:B 考点解析:细节理解题。原文“The wheel is a great invention of all time. It changed international trade a lot.”车轮极大改变了国际贸易。 12.答案:B 考点解析:细节理解题。原文“We can avoid many traffic jams by choosing different ways to go out.”我们可以选择不同出行方式规避交通堵塞。A古城小路不适合大型车辆;C不是所有人都喜欢开车;D未来交通工具会消耗更少汽油,均错误。 13.答案:A 考点解析:细节理解题。车轮的出现让长途旅行变得更容易。B蒸汽机车和车轮息息相关;C古代人会拉马车;D步行对健康有益,均与原文不符。 Passage B 答案:14.B 15.A 16.B 14.答案:B 考点解析:细节理解题。原文“It uses metal, mixture and other materials.”3D打印使用金属和混合物等原材料。 15.答案:A 考点解析:细节理解题。原文“Some people used to make fun of this new machine. They had doubt about its value.”一开始部分人取笑3D打印机,怀疑它的用处。make fun of为单元重点短语。 16.答案:B 考点解析:主旨大意题。第二段介绍3D打印机从被质疑到广泛应用,讲解它的发展与优势。A、C、D均为局部无关信息。 Passage C 答案:17.B 18.C 19.B 17.答案:B 考点解析:主旨大意题。整篇文章围绕科学家对未来太空交通的预测展开。crew spacecraft载人航天器、prediction预测均为本单元重点词汇。 18.答案:C 考点解析:细节理解题。原文“even today, space trips are only for a few people.”如今太空旅行只对少数人开放,普通人还不能自由太空旅行。 19.答案:B 考点解析:细节理解题。原文“Personally, I believe space travel for the general public will not come true very soon.”作者认为普通人太空旅行短期内难以实现。 Passage D 答案:20.B 21.B 22.A 20.答案:B 考点解析:细节理解题。原文“Nowadays traffic jams take place quite often in central big cities. Petrol cars bring us convenience, but they also cause pollution.”汽油汽车带来交通堵塞和污染。take place发生为单元短语。 21.答案:B 考点解析:细节理解题。原文“They can fly above busy paths. They help people avoid heavy traffic.”带机翼的新型交通工具可以避开拥堵交通。avoid避免为单元重点动词。 22.答案:A 考点解析:细节理解题。原文“Their prediction is that such vehicles will serve the public one day.”科学家预测这类交通工具终有一天会服务大众。prediction预测为本单元重点名词。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $