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Unit 5 英语知识点整理
1. 动词 + er 变职业名词
sing v. 唱 → singer n. 歌手
write v. 写作 → writer n. 作家
read v. 读 → reader n. 读者
teach v. 教 → teacher n. 教师
work v. 工作 → worker n. 工人
run v. 跑 → runner n. 跑步运动员
drive v. 驾驶 → driver n. 司机
fly v. 飞 → flyer n. 飞行员
dance v. 跳舞 → dancer n. 舞者
双宾语结构:sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱歌
同类动词(for 型,表目的、受益):make / cook / buy / find / play
含义:为某人制作某物 / 为某人做饭 / 为某人买东西 / 为某人找到某物 / 为某人演奏
thank sb. for sth. 为某事感谢某人
例句:
—Would you like to sing some songs with me?
—Yes, I’d love to.
(表建议、请求的疑问句中用 some)
There are two girls. One likes singing, the other likes drawing.
有两个女孩。一个喜欢唱歌,另一个喜欢画画。(两者中的另一个:the other)
2. 英语中的几个“看”
(1) watch v. 注视;观看 n. 手表 → 复数 watches
watch sb./sth. doing sth. 观看某人/某物正在做某事
watch sb./sth. do sth. 观看某人/某物经常做某事
✅ see、hear、notice 与 watch 用法一致
单词辨析:
read:看书、读报
watch:长时间观看(比赛、广告、电视节目)
see:强调看的结果
look:强调看的动作,常搭配介词;look 作系动词时,look + adj.
例句:
Everyone in Class 4 watches TV on Sundays.
My brother has many books. He often reads them on the weekend.
3. cook
cook v. 烧煮、烹饪 三单:cooks
cook n. 厨师 复数:cooks
cooker n. 炊具;炉子
cookie n. 曲奇饼干 复数:cookies
例句:
She is cooking dinner. 她正在做晚饭。
He works as a cook in a restaurant. 他在一家餐厅当厨师。
I need to use the cooker to cook dinner. 我需要用炉子来做饭。
短语:cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 给某人做饭
同类结构动词:sing, buy, make, cook
4. take v. 拿;取;买下 → 过去式 took
take photos / a photo 拍照
take medicine 吃药
take a taxi 乘坐出租车
take action 采取行动
take a walk 散步
take a look 看一看
花费句型:
It takes sb. money/time to do sth. 做某事花费某人一些时间/金钱
= sb. spend money/time (in) doing sth.
例句:
I take an umbrella. 我拿走一把伞。
I take your advice. 我接受你的建议。
It takes time to learn English. 学习英语需要时间。
I take an English class. 我上英语课。
5. join 系列辨析
(1) join
含义:加入党派、团体、组织、俱乐部,并成为其中一员
① join + 组织名称 / 人称代词
join the army 参军;join the Party 入党;join the football team 加入足球队
join … club 加入……社团;join the league 加入共青团
② join sb. 与某人一起,加入某人的行列
Would you like to join us for dinner tonight?
你今晚想和我们一起吃饭吗?
③ join sb. in (doing) sth. 与某人一起做某事
Susan, go and join your sister in cleaning the yard.
苏珊,去和你姐姐一起打扫院子。
⚠️ join 是短暂性动词,不能和一段时间连用;持续状态用 be in
I have been in the club for a year. 我在这个俱乐部一年了。
(2) join in
多指参加小规模活动(游戏、比赛、娱乐),多用于口语
join in the party 参加聚会
join in a game / a walk / a talk 参加游戏 / 一起散步 / 一起讨论
Can I join in the game? 我能加入这个游戏吗?
(3) take part in
参加群众性、集体性工作或活动,侧重参与并且发挥作用
Are you going to take part in the school sports meeting?
你打算参加学校运动会吗?
补充区分:
join in 和 take part in 常可互换;
join:多指加入正在进行的活动;
join in:小型活动,参与度较低;
take part in:大型活动,参与度高。
6. when
① adv. 什么时候(特殊疑问词,用于问句)
② conj. 当……时候,引导时间状语从句
例句:
When was the last time you saw her? 你上次是什么时候见到她的?
—When did you arrive at the party? 你什么时候到达派对?
—I arrived at 8 p.m.
I’ll be there when you need me. 当你需要我时,我会在那里。
When I woke up this morning, it was raining outside.
今天早上我醒来时,外面正在下雨。
7. 动词变形
swim v. 游泳 → 过去式 swam → swimmer n. 游泳运动员
run v. 跑 → 过去式 ran → runner n. 跑步运动员
fly v. 飞 → 过去式 flew → flyer n. 飞行员;fly a kite 放风筝
dance v. 跳舞 → 过去式 danced → dancer n. 舞蹈家,舞者
music n. 音乐(不可数名词)→ musical adj. 音乐的;有音乐天赋的 → musician n. 音乐家(可数名词)
magic n. 魔法 adj. 有魔力的 → magician n. 魔术师(可数名词)
8. play 用法规则
棋类、球类运动名词前不加冠词:
play football
play Chinese chess 下中国象棋
西洋乐器前加定冠词 the;中国传统乐器一般不加 the
play the drums 打鼓
play the piano 弹钢琴
play the violin 拉小提琴
play the pipa 弹琵琶
play erhu 拉二胡
正式交流场景中 play pipa 也可接受
play a musical instrument 演奏一种乐器
9. able 词形转换
able adj. 能够;能干的 → enable v. 使能够;使可能
unable adj. 不会的,不能的;无能为力的
disabled adj. 残废的;有缺陷的
ability n. 能力;力量;智慧;天资
disability n. 无能;残疾
短语:
be able to do sth. = can do sth. 能够做某事
= have the ability to do sth.
例句:
I want to be in the English club. 我想要加入英语俱乐部。
I will be able to speak English well in the future.
我将来会说一口流利的英语。
10. interest 相关变形
be interested in + 名词/代词/动名词
= have / show interest in
interesting adj. 有趣的(-ing 修饰事物)
interested adj. 感到感兴趣的(-ed 修饰人)
例句:
Everyone is interested in the interesting film.
每个人都对这部有趣的电影感兴趣。
—Are you interested in watching American movies?
—No, we all have interest in Japanese ones.
—你们对观看美国电影感兴趣吗?
—不,我们对日本电影感兴趣。
11. than 的用法
① 用于比较级之后,引出比较对象:比;与……比较
She is taller than me. 她比我高。
② more than = over 超过;不止
There are more than 100 kinds of food.
这有一百多种食物。
It lasts more than 124 minutes.
时长超过124分钟。
问句:
—How long does the film last?
—Over 2 hours.
12. 重点短语
share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某事
choose to do sth. 选择做某事
want to do sth. = would like to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
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