外刊英语汇编阅读-2027届高三二轮英语七选五专项练习（六）

**基本信息** 高三英语七选五专项汇编，含气象灾害、健康科普、演化研究、生活技巧4篇文章，聚焦语篇逻辑衔接，适配一轮专题突破。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |七选五|4篇（20题）|科普与生活类语篇结构（段首主旨、段中过渡、段尾总结）|素材时效性强（如台风Dolphin）、科学严谨（肠道微生物研究），设空注重逻辑关系（转折、因果等），解析精准（逐题逻辑分析）|

2027届高三英语一轮 时事科普类七选五专项汇编（六） 篇目目录 Passage 1 台风Dolphin（气象灾害科普） Passage 2 肠道微生物与个性化饮食（健康科普） Passage 3 甜食与人类大脑演化（演化科普） Passage 4 行李箱选购技巧（生活应用） Passage 1 Typhoon Dolphin 台风白海豚气象灾害 体裁：科普新闻说明文｜难度：★★★★☆ The National Meteorological Center officially stopped issuing advisories on Typhoon Dolphin on Tuesday afternoon. Having weakened into a tropical depression over Hubei Province, the typhoon’s circulation center became too vague to track. 36.________ As a general rule, tropical cyclones will no longer be closely monitored once their maximum sustained winds drop below Beaufort force 8. 37.________ Though Typhoon Dolphin has been officially deactivated, its influence is far from over. It is regarded as an unusual typhoon with a long lifespan, long moving distance and constantly changing intensity. Heavy rainfall will continue to sweep across vast areas in the next three days, affected by the typhoon’s remnants and west wind troughs. 38.________ The National Meteorological Center maintained an orange alert for heavy rain, warning that some regions will experience torrential rain, with local mountainous areas facing extreme rainfall of up to 280 millimeters. Besides short‑duration intense rainfall, thunderstorms and gusty winds will hit affected areas. 39.________ A blue alert for severe convective weather was also released. Multiple regions will be struck by gales or even hail, with maximum wind force exceeding level 11 in certain parts. Meanwhile, widespread short‑term heavy downpours will raise risks of water accumulation. Apart from visible rain and wind disasters, potential secondary risks deserve equal attention. The northward‑moving remnants may cause severe farmland waterlogging, threatening autumn crop growth. Strong peripheral winds are also likely to damage agricultural facilities like greenhouses. 40.________ Relevant departments are urged to watch real‑time warnings, remove hidden dangers in advance and prepare for disaster prevention. 选项（A-G） A. Severe convective weather will bring additional threats. B. Therefore, people can relax themselves completely after the deactivation. C. However, authorities insist on tracking its follow‑up rainfall impacts. D. Such extreme weather brings multiple hidden dangers to safety and agriculture. E. The typhoon has brought widespread precipitation across China. F. Meteorological alerts cover rainfall intensity and wind conditions. G. It marks the official end of the typhoon’s tropical cyclone activities. Passage 2 Gut Microbiome and Personalized Diet 肠道微生物与个性化饮食 体裁：科普说明文｜难度：★★★★☆ Trillions of bacteria living in the human gut play multiple vital roles in maintaining physical health. They break down complex carbohydrates into fatty acids, supplying around 10% of human daily calories. 36.________ They also regulate the immune system, prevent harmful pathogens from growing, and control signal molecules that enable communication between the gut and the brain. Therefore, keeping the gut microbiome in excellent condition is essential for overall health. 37.________ Scientific studies have offered reliable guidance on this. A 2018 American citizen‑science project found that people eating 30 kinds of plants weekly possessed far more diverse gut bacteria than those with fewer than ten plant varieties. Besides, 2021 research from Stanford University proved that fermented foods like kimchi can also enrich microbiome diversity. Despite these universal diet tips, many people seek more precise guidance. Ordinary public advice seems too general for them, so they turn to customized microbial health services. 38.________ These commercial companies analyze customers’ stool samples, identify bacterial composition through gene detection, and provide tailored diet plans, bacterial supplements and other targeted treatments to fix microbial deficiencies. 39.________ There is no such thing as a standard or “perfect” microbiome suitable for everyone. Different individuals can have totally different bacterial compositions while maintaining good health. The only reliable sign of poor gut health is insufficient microbial diversity, which can be improved simply by a varied diet with proper fermented food. Worse still, most personalized microbial adjustment services lack solid scientific support. Adjusting specific bacterial species cannot obviously improve people’s health, and most related companies refuse to disclose their core data. Although a few authoritative projects have achieved minor marginal improvements, a national test further proved the inaccuracy of commercial detection. Identical samples sent to different firms produced inconsistent results. 40.________ Instead, sticking to a diverse diet is the wisest choice. 选项（A-G） A. However, customized microbial services have obvious limitations. B. It is widely acknowledged that bacterial diversity guarantees gut health. C. They produce essential vitamins such as vitamin K and B vitamins. D. Many people spend large amounts of money on personalized microbial tests. E. As a result, professional scholars question the value of such expensive services. F. So personalized microbiome medicine will soon replace traditional diet guidance. G. Scientific research has confirmed the stability of human gut microbiomes. Passage 3 A Craving for Sweets and Human-brain Evolution 甜食与人类大脑演化 体裁：科普说明文｜难度：★★★★☆ A craving for sweets may have laid the foundation for the evolution of the human brain. Over more than four million years, human ancestors’ brain weight expanded greatly. 36.________ Much of this brain growth happened before early humans mastered fire and cooking, technologies that enabled people to get energy from starches. A new study suggests that a large share of the energy feeding brain expansion came from sugary foods such as fruits and honey. Researchers point out that simple carbohydrates have long been an overlooked driving force in human evolution. 37.________ It is widely held that about 2.5 million years ago, ancient hominids consumed more animal‑sourced food. The abundant protein and fat from meat were thought to power the continuous growth of human brains. However, scientist Jennie Brand‑Miller paid special attention to the role of dietary sugar in human evolution. Earlier research found that fruit‑eating primates tended to develop larger brains than leaf‑eating species. Decades ago, researchers put forward a related hypothesis: seeking fruits could promote brain expansion. 38.________ You have to memorize ripening seasons and the locations of fruit resources in forests, which requires better memory and larger brain capacity. Besides, fossil evidence including tooth decay among ancient primates and Homo erectus indicates that their diets contained soft sugary food. All these clues support the idea that sugar‑rich fruit mattered a great deal for human brain evolution. Brand‑Miller’s team compared dietary conditions among chimpanzees, modern humans and several ancient human ancestors. 39.________ During millions of years of brain growth, early hominids still depended heavily on fruit for energy. Hunting, nut‑cracking and other foraging skills helped satisfy huge energy demands of brains before starch cooking appeared. Nevertheless, sugar‑rich food and meat‑based nutrition were two parallel evolutionary forces instead of one replacing the other. Scholars hold mixed opinions over this new viewpoint. Julie Lee‑Thorp believes that past research over‑emphasized meat‑eating partly due to modern bias. 40.________ He argues that ancient humans developed comprehensive abilities to obtain high‑quality food from various sources, ranging from hunting animals to gathering fruits, honey and nuts. 选项（A-G） A. The traditional view of human diet evolution centers heavily on meat intake. B. Our ancestors’ brain weight rose from roughly 300 grams to 1500 grams. C. Finding ripe wild fruits demands considerable cognitive abilities. D. Brian Wood holds a different attitude toward the research conclusion. E. They analyzed fossil, tooth and physiological data to carry out the comparison. F. Sugar‑rich fruits have already been well‑studied by most paleoanthropologists. G. Meat‑eating should be completely denied in human evolutionary research. Passage 4 How to Choose Your Ideal Suitcase 行李箱选购技巧 体裁：社会生活说明文｜难度：★★★★☆ A social media debate over why you shouldn't buy a suitcase that looks like everyone else's has been gaining traction this summer. Travelers share a common frustration: it is extremely hard to spot your own suitcase among countless identical ones at airports and railway stations. 36.________ Accidental luggage mix‑ups always cause unnecessary trouble and ruin travel moods. To solve this problem, many travelers have come up with creative ways to make their suitcases unique. Some stick colorful tapes and lovely stickers on their boxes, while others choose special straps. Extroverted travelers even prefer rare and niche suitcase styles to win high recognition easily. 37.________ 38.________ Firstly, color selection matters a lot. Dark‑colored suitcases like black, white and silver are easy to clash. If you often check in luggage, you’d better pick highly saturated colors such as Klein Blue, bright yellow and light pink, or suitcases with special patterns and contrasting colors. Secondly, priority should be given to durable materials. PC (polycarbonate) suitcases are the best choice for frequent travelers. 39.________ By comparison, aluminum‑magnesium alloy suitcases are solid but heavier and easy to get scratched during trips. Thirdly, detailed designs determine travel experience. It is advisable to choose 360‑degree silent universal wheels and lightweight rust‑proof aluminum alloy pull rods. For overseas trips, TSA customs locks are a necessary design. Besides, double‑layer zippers are safer and more durable than common buckles. Finally, personalized marks are simple but effective. Waterproof stickers and unique luggage tags can create exclusive features and cover minor scratches. 40.________ In this way, you can avoid losing luggage or taking others’ boxes by mistake. Picking a good suitcase balances practicality and personality. A qualified travel companion should be durable enough for long journeys and distinctive enough to be recognized at a glance. 选项（A-G） A. They possess good toughness, light weight and strong impact resistance. B. Many travelers suffer from confused identical luggage during holidays. C. However, creative decorations cannot solve fundamental problems. D. There are professional and practical tips for choosing ideal suitcases. E. You can also put a contact card inside the suitcase as a backup mark. F. Ordinary dark suitcases are always the first choice for most travelers. G. These creative methods greatly improve the recognition of ordinary suitcases. 标准答案＋完整解析 Passage 1 台风白海豚气象灾害 标准答案：36.G 37.C 38.E 39.A 40.D 逐题精细解析 36.G 段尾总结承接。前文说明台风减弱、官方停止预警播报，G选项承接事件，标志台风热带气旋活动正式结束，逻辑闭环。B反向干扰，后文明确台风残余影响仍在，无需放松警惕。 37.C 段中转折逻辑。前文介绍气象通用监测规则，后文转折强调本次台风影响持续，C选项用However衔接，点明气象部门持续追踪降雨影响，贴合段落对比逻辑。 38.E 段中过渡铺垫。本段围绕台风残余带来的强降雨展开，E选项总述台风造成大范围降水，自然引出后续暴雨预警、极端雨量等细节信息。 39.A 段首话题递进。上段聚焦暴雨灾害，本段切换至强对流天气，A选项精准概括本段主旨，引出大风、冰雹等次生灾害。 40.D 段尾总结升华。前文列举农田内涝、农业设施损毁等隐患，D选项总结极端天气对公共安全、农业生产的多重威胁，衔接文末防灾举措。 干扰项总结：B（反向逻辑错误）、F（细节表述正确，但无法适配设空逻辑，属于“对但不选”） Passage 2 肠道微生物与个性化饮食 标准答案：36.C 37.B 38.D 39.A 40.E 逐题精细解析 36.C 段中并列细节。文段并列罗列肠道菌群的生理功能，前文讲供能，C补充合成关键维生素的作用，句式一致、逻辑连贯。G正反混淆，人体菌群个体差异极大，无稳定性可言。 37.B 段首主旨句。后文两项权威研究均证明饮食多样化、发酵食物可提升菌群多样性，B选项点明菌群多样性是肠道健康核心，总领全段。 38.D 承上启下。前文写大众不满足通用饮食建议、追求定制方案，D衔接大众付费检测的行为，自然过渡到商业菌群服务的介绍。 39.A 段首转折主旨。上段介绍定制服务流行，本段开始批判其弊端，A以However转折，引出定制服务存在明显局限性的核心论点。 40.E 段尾因果总结。前文列举商业检测不准、缺乏科学依据等问题，E总结学界质疑，顺势引出文末“坚持多样化饮食”的正确建议。 干扰项总结：F（绝对化无中生有）、G（事实错误） Passage 3 甜食与人类大脑演化 标准答案：36.B 37.A 38.C 39.E 40.D 逐题精细解析 36.B 细节支撑。前文提出古人类脑容量大幅扩张，B给出精准数据支撑，具象化前文内容，贴合语境。G绝对化错误，文章明确肉食与糖分作用并行，不否定肉食价值。 37.A 段首主旨句。本段围绕传统“食肉促脑演化”观点展开，A总领段落核心，引出传统学界主流认知。F事实错误，糖分的演化价值长期被忽视，并未被充分研究。 38.C 逻辑搭桥。前文提出“采食水果推动大脑演化”假说，后文解释采食需要记忆与认知能力，C衔接假说与论据，逻辑通顺。 39.E 细节补充。前文说明团队对比多物种饮食差异，E交代研究的数据来源，完善研究过程，引出后文研究结论。 40.D 观点过渡。前文是学者Julie的支持观点，后文是Brian Wood的不同看法，D实现人物观点转折切换，衔接自然。 干扰项总结：F（与原文事实相反）、G（绝对化表述，违背文章并行演化主旨） Passage 4 行李箱选购技巧 标准答案：36.B 37.G 38.D 39.A 40.E 逐题精细解析 36.B 承上启下。前文描述行李箱高度同质化的痛点，B承接现象，点明旅客拿错行李的普遍困扰，衔接后文麻烦与负面影响。F仅为客观陈述，无法衔接问题语境。 37.G 段尾总结。本段罗列各类个性化改造方法，G总结这些方式能有效提升行李箱辨识度，收束全段。C反向否定，与文段正向举例的语义冲突。 38.D 段首总领主旨。后文从颜色、材质、细节、标识四个维度展开选购技巧，D总领全文，引出下文实用攻略。 39.A 细节支撑。前文推荐PC材质行李箱，A具体介绍该材质轻便、抗冲击、韧性强的核心优势，完善推荐理由。 40.E 并列补充。前文介绍外部贴纸、行李牌等标识，E补充箱内放置联系方式的备用手段，完善个性化防错方案。 干扰项总结：C（反向错误，创意装饰具备实用价值）、F（细节错位，无法适配设空） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $