Unit 3 Arts and crafts同步【语法】The passive voice 被动语态2025-2026学年沪外教版八年级下册

**基本信息** 以“概念-结构-转换-应用”为逻辑链，通过四步法和分层训练系统突破被动语态，融合传统文化素材提升语言运用与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |同步语法复习|4类时态对比+转换四步法|主动变被动四步法（宾作主→be+done→by短语→其余照抄）；易错点（不及物动词无被动等）|从语态区分到核心结构（be+done），再到四步转换法，层层递进| |基础层|6填空+6句型转换|时态匹配（现/过/将来时、情态动词被动结构）|巩固核心结构，强化基础转换能力| |提升层|6改错+6完成句子|错误类型识别（be动词缺失、不及物动词被动等）|聚焦易错点，提升语境应用准确性| |拓展层|1阅读+1写作|综合语用（被动语态在文化主题中的运用）|结合中国结等传统文化，实现语言能力与文化意识融合|

Unit 3 Arts and crafts-同步【语法】-The passive voice 被动语态 【同步语法复习】 1、 课本语法知识点 (1) 语态区分 主动语态 Active voice：主语是动作执行者，侧重 “谁做动作” · 结构：执行者 + 谓语动词 + 承受者 例：The artist creates chocolate art. 被动语态 Passive voice：主语是动作承受者，侧重 “承受对象” · 使用场景： ① 动作执行者未知、不重要，无需说明； ② 需要突出承受对象； ③ 如需点明执行者，用 “by+执行者”置于句末。 (2) 核心结构 be + 动词过去分词 (done) be 动词随时态、主语单复数变化；过去分词形式固定不变。 · 本课重点四种被动结构： 时态 主动结构 被动结构 一般现在时 do / does am / is / are + done 一般过去时 did was / were + done 一般将来时 will do will be + done 情态动词 can / may / must do can / may / must be + done (3) 主动变被动转换四步法 1. 主动句宾语 → 被动句主语； 2. 谓语改为 be + done，be 匹配新主语的人称、单复数、时态； 3. 主动句主语前加 by，放句末；不重要可省略： 1) by 后面接动作执行者（人/物）； 2) by + 代词必须使用宾格：by him /by her； 3) 执行者泛指 people、someone 且不重要时，直接省略 by 短语（考试高频）。 4. 其余成分照抄不变。 例句： People praise the Yixing clay teapot.（主动） → The Yixing clay teapot is praised by people.（被动） (4) 易混易错禁区 1. 不及物动词（happen, appear, arrive, rise 等）无被动语态 （错误）An accident was happened. （正确）An accident happened. 2. 感官动词、使役动词主动省 to，被动必须还原 to（了解拓展） 例：We saw him paint. → He was seen to paint. 3. 不要混淆： be done（被动）/be doing（进行时主动） 2、 课本习题 (1) 课本习题C1 Q1：Who did the action “turn”? 答案：The skilled artist’s hands. 句意：动作 turn 是谁发出的？技艺精湛的工匠双手。 Q2：How does the action “turn” change from the active to the passive? 答案：turn 变为 was turned（be 动词 was + turn 的过去分词 turned）。 解析：原句为一般过去时，动词改为“was/were + 过去分词”构成被动。 (2) 课本习题C2 1. is 句意：这件雕塑由莉莉制作。 解析：一般现在时被动；主语 the sculpture 单数，搭配 is made。 2. cooked 句意：土豆还没有被煮熟。 解析：aren’t + 动词过去分词构成否定被动。 3. given 句意：这部电影收获很高的评价。 解析：一般过去被动结构 was + given。 4. were 句意：这些橙子从超市购入。 解析：主语 oranges 为复数，一般过去被动用 were bought。 (3) 课本习题C3 Oil-paper umbrella • The earliest umbrella 1 _____ (invent) thousands of years ago. • In the Tang Dynasty, paintings 2 _____ (draw) on oil-paper umbrellas. • Later, it 3 _____ (spread) to other Asian countries. Sugar painting • It dates back to the Ming Dynasty. It can 4 _____ (see) at some markets now. • Sugar making and painting skills 5 _____ (use) on this artwork. • It 6 _____ (say) that people showed respect for gods through sugar painting. 1. was invented 句意：最早的雨伞数千年前被发明。 解析：thousands of years ago 为过去时间；主语单数，一般过去被动。 2. were drawn 句意：唐朝时期，图案被绘制在油纸伞上。 解析：主语 paintings 是复数，选用 were drawn。 3. was spread 句意：后来，油纸伞被传播到亚洲其他国家。 解析：it 指代油纸伞，单数，一般过去被动。 4. be seen 句意：如今在一些集市上依然能够见到糖画。 解析：情态动词 can 后接 be + 过去分词。 5. are used 句意：制糖与绘画技艺被运用在这项手工艺品中。 解析：主语 skills 复数，客观事实，一般现在被动。 6. is said 句意：据说人们借助糖画向神明表达敬意。 解析：固定句型 It is said that…（据说……） (4) 课本习题C4 1. The Yixing clay teapot is praised as the best teapot in China (by people). 句意：宜兴紫砂壶被誉为中国最好的茶壶。 解析：一般现在时被动；people 泛指大众，可以省略。 2. Most of the embroidery was done by women in ancient times. 句意：在古代，大部分刺绣工作由女子完成。 解析：in ancient times 表示过去，使用一般过去被动。 3. The traditional arts and crafts will not be forgotten (by people). 句意：传统手工艺不会被人们遗忘。 解析：一般将来时被动结构 will be done。 【同步语法练习】 ——基础层—— 1、 动词适当形式填空 1. This paper cutting ________ (make) by my grandma every Spring Festival. 2. Many beautiful lanterns ________ (produce) in this town last month. 3. The old craft ________ (use) widely in the future. 4. This clay work ________ (can use) as a special gift. 5. Tea ________ (plant) in many southern areas of China. 6. All the art works ________ (show) in the hall next week. 2、 句型转换 1. People welcome traditional shows in the city. 2. Workers built the craft museum three years ago. 3. We will hold a handcraft competition next month. 4. People can enjoy shadow puppetry here. 5. The artist draws pictures on fans. 6. They do not sell old clay works here. ——提升层—— 1、 句子改错（划出错误并改正） 1. The silk scarf was make in Suzhou. 2. Many art works will show at the exhibition. 3. This toy can seen in ancient paintings. 4. A big change was happened to the old street. 5. He was seen carve the wooden figure by somebody. 6. Trees plant every spring in the village. 2、 完成句子 1. 中国结数千年前被创造出来。 Chinese knot ________ ________ thousands of years ago. 2. 现在人们可以在节日礼品上看见中国结。 Chinese knots ________ ________ on festival gifts now. 3. 美好的祝愿由这些绳结承载。 Warm wishes ________ ________ by these knots. 4. 更多传统文化故事将在未来分享给年轻人。 More culture stories ________ ________ ________ to young people soon. 5. 最初，绳结被用来记录事件。 At first, knots ________ ________ to record events. 6. 这项传统技艺应该被好好传承。 This traditional skill ________ ________ ________ well. ——拓展层—— 1、 任务型阅读 阅读短文，完成下列问题 Chinese knot is a famous traditional craft in China. It has a long history. It was created thousands of years ago. At the very beginning, simple knots were used by ancient people to record important events. Later, different beautiful knots were developed. Different shapes carry different meanings. Now Chinese knots are made of bright red silk threads. They can be seen on bags, clothes and festival presents. Warm wishes are passed to others through these small knots. Now more lessons about Chinese knots are given in schools. New kinds of knots will be created by young artists in the future. We hope this great culture will be kept alive by more people. 1. When was Chinese knot created? 2. What were simple knots used to do at first? 3. What are Chinese knots made of now? 4. Where can Chinese knots be seen now? 5. Who will create new kinds of knots in the future? 2、 书面表达 题目：My favourite traditional craft — Chinese knot 要点： 1. 介绍中国结悠久历史； 2. 材料、寓意； 3. 你的看法； 4. 要求：80-100 词左右，至少使用三处被动语态。 参考答案和解析 ——基础层—— 一、 动词适当形式填空 1. 答案：is made 句意：这幅剪纸每年春节由奶奶制作。 解析：every Spring Festival 为常态，一般现在时被动。 2. 答案：were produced 句意：上个月小镇制作了许多精美的灯笼。 解析：last month 过去时间，主语复数。 3. 答案：will be used 句意：这项古老技艺在未来将会被广泛运用。 解析：in the future，一般将来被动。 4. 答案：can be used 句意：这件泥塑作品可以当作一份特别的礼物。 解析：情态动词被动 can be done。 5. 答案：is planted 句意：中国南方多地种植茶叶。 解析：客观常识，一般现在被动。 6. 答案：will be shown 句意：所有艺术品将于下周在展厅展出。 解析：next week，将来时被动。 二、 句型转换 1. → The traditional shows are welcomed in the city (by people). 句意：传统表演在这座城市受到人们喜爱。 解析：一般现在被动，people 泛指可省略。 2. → The craft museum was built by workers three years ago. 句意：工人们三年前建造了这座工艺博物馆。 解析：一般过去被动，执行者明确保留 by 短语。 3. → A handcraft competition will be held next month. 句意：一场手工艺大赛将于下月举办。 解析：将来时被动。 4. → Shadow puppetry can be enjoyed here. 句意：人们可以在这里欣赏皮影戏。 解析：情态动词被动。 5. → Pictures are drawn on fans by the artist. 句意：画师在团扇上绘制图画。 解析：一般现在被动。 6. → Old clay works are not sold here. 句意：这里不出售老旧泥塑。 解析：一般现在时否定被动。 ——提升层—— 一、 句子改错（划出错误并改正） 1. 错误：make → made 句意：这条丝巾产自苏州。 解析：被动结构 be + 过去分词。 2. 错误：will show → will be shown 句意：众多艺术品将会在展会展出。 解析：艺术品是 “被展出”，需要被动语态。 3. 错误：can seen → can be seen 句意：这种玩具在古画中能够见到。 解析：情态动词被动缺少 be 动词。 4. 错误：was happened → happened 句意：老街发生了巨大变化。 解析：happen 是不及物动词，无被动语态。 5. 错误：carve → to carve（被动转换：He was seen to carve…） 句意：有人看见他雕刻木人像。 解析：感官动词主动省 to，被动语态必须还原 to。 6. 错误：plant → are planted 句意：村里每年春天都会种树。 解析：树木 “被种植”，使用一般现在被动。 二、 完成句子 1. 答案：was created 解析：时间状语 thousands of years ago（数千年前）为一般过去时；主语 Chinese knot是单数，一般过去时被动结构：was + 过去分词；create 的过去分词为 created。 2. 答案：can be seen 解析：本句含情态动词 can，情态动词被动语态固定结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词；see 的过去分词是 seen。 3. 答案：are carried 解析：句子描述客观常态，使用一般现在时被动；主语 Warm wishes 为复数，结构选用 are + 过去分词；carry 的过去分词为 carried。句中 by 引出动作执行者。 4. 答案：will be shared 解析：时间标志 soon/in the future 提示一般将来时；一般将来时被动结构：will be + 过去分词；share 的过去分词为 shared。 5. 答案：were used 解析：At first（起初） 指代过去时间，选用一般过去时被动；主语 knots 是复数，因此搭配 were + 过去分词；固定搭配 be used to do sth.（被用来做某事）。 6. 答案：should be passed 解析：情态动词 should（应该），情态动词被动语态公式：情态动词 + be + 过去分词；pass 的过去分词为 passed。 ——拓展层—— 一、 任务型阅读 1. 答案：It was created thousands of years ago. 解析：考查一般过去被动语态信息抓取。 2. 答案：They were used to record important events. 解析：被动语态句型理解。 3. 答案：They are made of bright red silk threads. 解析：固定搭配 be made of。 4. 答案：They can be seen on bags, clothes and festival presents. 解析：情态动词被动句型定位。 5. 答案：Young artists will create new kinds of knots. / New kinds of knots will be created by young artists. 解析：主动与将来被动。 二、 书面表达 参考范文 My favourite traditional craft — Chinese knot Chinese knot is my favourite traditional Chinese craft. It was invented thousands of years ago. It is made of bright red silk threads. Nice warm wishes are carried by different kinds of knots. They can be seen on gifts and clothes during traditional Chinese festivals. Now Chinese knot lessons are offered in many schools. More young learners begin to learn this skill. I hope this beautiful art will be loved by more teenagers. We should try our best to pass on and protect our valuable traditional culture. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $