Unit 1 Law and order（重难词汇精练）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级下册

**基本信息** 以“Law and order”主题词汇为核心，通过基础转换、语境应用到语篇综合的递进训练，系统提升词汇理解与表达能力，培养语言运用及学习策略。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|20组词性转换|聚焦核心词汇词形变化（名动/形名转换等）|从词形生成到基础应用，构建词汇形态认知| |词汇语境练|填空（4类）+翻译（10句）|结合主题语境考查词汇适当形式（首字母/汉语提示等）|词形知识迁移至具体语境，强化语义匹配能力| |词汇语篇练|2篇语篇填空|在法律相关语篇中综合运用词汇（完形/选词）|从单句语境到语篇逻辑，提升词汇语用能力|

Unit 1 Law and order词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、核心词汇词性转换词汇拓展 1.steal (v. 偷窃) → ________________ (n. 偷) 2.citizen (n. 公民) → ________________ (adj. 公民的；民用的) 3.crime (n. 罪行) → ________________ (adj. 犯罪的；犯法的) 4.harm (v./n. 伤害) → ________________ (adj. 有害的) 5.judge (v./n. 判断；法官) → ________________ (n. 判断；评判) 6.frighten (v. 使害怕) → ________________ (adj. (人) 感到害怕的) 7.wound (v./n. 伤口；使受伤) → ________________ (adj. 受伤的) 8.behave (v. 表现，举止) → ________________ (n. 行为，举止) 9.prove (v. 证明) → ________________ (n. 证据；证明) 10.legal (adj. 合法的) → ________________ (adj. 非法的) 11.publish (v. 出版) → ________________ (n. 出版商；出版社) 12.accept (v. 接受) → ________________ (adj. 可接受的) 13.imagine (v. 想象) → ________________ (n. 想象力；想象) 14.possible (adj. 可能的) → ________________ (n. 可能性) 15.responsible (adj. 有责任的) → ________________ (n. 责任) 16.psychology (n. 心理学) → ________________ (n. 心理学家) 17.advise (v. 建议) → ________________ (n. 建议，劝告) 18.power (n. 力量，能力) → ________________ (adj. 强大的，有力的) 19.argue (v. 争论) → ________________ (n. 争论，争吵) 20.permit (v. 允许) → ________________ (n. 许可，准许) 一、根据括号里单词的正确形式填空 1.The ________________ of bikes is a common street crime. (steal) 2.Every ________________ should follow the local laws. (citizen) 3.He was caught for doing ________________ things online. (crime) 4.Cyberbullying is ________________ to teenagers’ mental health. (harm) 5.The ________________ of the police was fair to everyone. (judge) 6.The little boy felt ________________ after seeing the big dog. (frighten) 7.Many ________________ people got help after the car accident. (wound) 8.Good ________________ at school wins teachers’ praise. (behave) 9.There is no clear ________________ that he broke the rule. (prove) 10.It is ________________ to copy whole textbooks without agreement. (legal) 11.This book’s ________________ refused to allow photocopying. (publish) 12.A few pages copying is ________________ for teachers’ lessons. (accept) 13.You need rich ________________ to write a story about crimes. (imagine) 14.There is a ________________ of heavy fines for littering. (possible) 答案：possibility 15.Everyone takes ________________ for their own online words. (responsible) 16.The ________________ gave useful tips to stop school bullying. (psychology) 17.My teacher offered me some useful ________________ on dealing with bullies. (advise) 18.The law is ________________ enough to protect all young students. (power) 19.We had a heated ________________ about online rules yesterday. (argue) 20.You need your parents’ ________________ to post your photos online. (permit) 二、根据句意的首字母提示完成合适的单词填空 1.The s________________ of mobile phones often happens in crowded streets. 2.Every c________________ has the right to be protected by law. 3.Do not do any c________________ things no matter how hard life is. 4.Online bullying is h________________ to young people’s growth. 5.We should not make quick j________________ about others’ actions. 6.Kids get f________________ when they are laughed at at school. 7.The w________________ boy was sent to hospital at once. 8.Good b________________ helps you get along with classmates. 9.The police are looking for p________________ of the burglary. 10.It is i________________ to steal anything from shops. 11.The p________________ of this book sets strict copying rules. 12.Taking a few pages for class is a________________ to most teachers. 13.You need i________________ to think of bad crime stories. 14.There is a p________________ of being fined for breaking traffic rules. 15.You must take r________________ for everything you post online. 16.The p________________ told us how to stay away from bullies. 17.My parents gave me some a________________ about online safety. 18.The new rule is p________________ to stop cyberbullying. 19.We had a big a________________ about photocopying textbooks. 20.Without teachers’ p________________, do not share classmates’ photos. 三、根据汉语提示填空 1.The ________________（偷）of bikes is common in this area. 2.Every ________________（公民）must obey public rules. 3.Don’t take part in any ________________（犯罪的）activities. 4.Spreading bad words online is ________________（有害的）to others. 5.We should avoid wrong ________________（评判）of other students. 6.He felt ________________（害怕的）when being bullied. 7.The ________________（受伤的）girl received medical care quickly. 8.Teachers pay attention to students’ ________________（举止）. 9.Do you have enough ________________（证据）to prove his mistake? 10.It is ________________（非法的）to break into others’ houses. 11.The ________________（出版商）protects writers’ rights. 12.Small copying is ________________（可接受的）for teaching use. 13.Writing crime stories needs good ________________（想象力）. 14.There is a ________________（可能性）of punishment for littering. 15.Everyone has the ________________（责任）to stop bullying. 16.The ________________（心理学家）helps troubled teenagers. 17.Can you give me some ________________（建议）on online safety? 18.The new law is ________________（强有力的）to protect kids. 19.We had a warm ________________（争论）about school rules. 20.You need adult’s ________________（许可）to post others’ pictures. 四、翻译 1.偷是违法行为，每位公民都要承担相应责任。(stealing, illegal, citizen, responsibility) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.网络欺凌对青少年心理十分有害，心理学家给出了许多实用建议。(harmful, psychologist, advice) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.不要草率评判他人，我们需要足够证据来证明对错。(judgement, proof, prove) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.未经出版商许可，整本复印教科书是不被接受的。(publisher, permission, acceptable) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.遭受欺凌的孩子会感到害怕，强大的法律能够保护他们。(frightened, powerful) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.我们不应当参与任何犯罪活动，避免激烈争吵。(criminal, argument) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.受伤的路人立刻被送往医院，这件事有罚款的可能性。(wounded, possibility) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.良好的校园举止能减少各类违规行为。(behave /behaviour) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.你可以想象没有法律的社会会是什么样子。(imagine) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.每个人都有责任保护身边受伤的人。(responsibility, wounded) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Do you know that when you surf the web, websites in some countries put secret software on your computer? The software collects lots of information about you and 1 sends it to internet companies. These companies sell it to other businesses. Your personal information can also be collected from social media sites. There are many ways your information can be used. First, companies record all your information and online 2 . They find out where you live, what websites you visit and what you usually do online. With this information, they can 3 more about you, like your age and interests. They use this information to decide which advertisements are best for you. For example, a sports fan might see advertisements for shoes, while a movie fan sees film advertisements. Besides websites, your data (数据) can be collected and sold by data brokers—the businesses that collect and sell personal information. Once sold, many companies will know what you like to do online then recommend 4 they sell or other websites to you. Another way your personal information can be collected is through social media. Even if you don’t actively use social media, photos or videos shared by friends can show your details. If someone knows too much about you, they can steal your identity (身份信息). Then they can shop online and send messages acting as if they are you. However, it’s not all 5 news. The law is changing. In the European Union, they have introduced the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This rule allows internet users to ask companies to show the information they hold on them and even to 6 it. If other countries do the same, the internet could soon be a much safer place. 1．A．suddenly B．directly C．properly D．carefully 2．A．habits B．services C．skills D．courses 3．A．remember B．explain C．prove D．guess 4．A．projects B．problems C．products D．promises 5．A．fresh B．serious C．bad D．wrong 6．A．store B．clear C．find D．solve 二、Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each can only be used once.（将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词只能填一次） A．seriously    B．against    C． obey    D．damage    E. depend on Countries pass different laws because they often have different attitudes to certain crimes. Punishments vary greatly too. Here are some facts about laws in some of the safest countries in the world: Did you know that in Singapore, it is 1 the law to sell or import chewing gum? This is because gum can 2 pavements and cause problems with subway doors. You can get a fine if you are caught breaking this rule! In Finland, fines for some crimes 3 how much money you earn. If you are rich, you pay more! A few years ago, the boss of a big phone company was caught driving too fast and had to pay over £100, 000 as a fine. In Switzerland, it is illegal to mow your lawn or make loud noises on Sundays. The country takes its quiet day rules 4 , so neighbors can enjoy peace and relaxation. A．manage    B．rarely    C． values    D．colourful    E. stolen   In Japan, kindness also means keeping public places clean. Littering is not allowed, and people are expected to take their trash home with them. That’s why you 5 see garbage bins in public spaces, but the streets remain spotless. In Britain, street crime does happen, but there are a lot of CCTV cameras, which makes people feel safe. If your bag is 6 , there is a good chance the police will find the thief. Edinburgh, in Scotland, is known as the safest city in the UK and is a great place to visit! These unique laws and rules show how different countries 7 their societies in unusual ways. While some may seem unusual or strict, they often show the culture and 8 of the people who live there. Learning about these laws can help us understand and respect the traditions of other places. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Law and order词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、核心词汇词性转换词汇拓展 1.steal (v. 偷窃) → ________________ (n. 偷) 2.citizen (n. 公民) → ________________ (adj. 公民的；民用的) 3.crime (n. 罪行) → ________________ (adj. 犯罪的；犯法的) 4.harm (v./n. 伤害) → ________________ (adj. 有害的) 5.judge (v./n. 判断；法官) → ________________ (n. 判断；评判) 6.frighten (v. 使害怕) → ________________ (adj. (人) 感到害怕的) 7.wound (v./n. 伤口；使受伤) → ________________ (adj. 受伤的) 8.behave (v. 表现，举止) → ________________ (n. 行为，举止) 9.prove (v. 证明) → ________________ (n. 证据；证明) 10.legal (adj. 合法的) → ________________ (adj. 非法的) 11.publish (v. 出版) → ________________ (n. 出版商；出版社) 12.accept (v. 接受) → ________________ (adj. 可接受的) 13.imagine (v. 想象) → ________________ (n. 想象力；想象) 14.possible (adj. 可能的) → ________________ (n. 可能性) 15.responsible (adj. 有责任的) → ________________ (n. 责任) 16.psychology (n. 心理学) → ________________ (n. 心理学家) 17.advise (v. 建议) → ________________ (n. 建议，劝告) 18.power (n. 力量，能力) → ________________ (adj. 强大的，有力的) 19.argue (v. 争论) → ________________ (n. 争论，争吵) 20.permit (v. 允许) → ________________ (n. 许可，准许) 【答案】 1.stealing 2.civic 3.criminal 4.harmful 5.judgement 6.frightened 7.wounded 8.behaviour 9.proof 10.illegal 11.publisher 12.acceptable 13.imagination 14.possibility 15.responsibility 16.psychologist 17.advice 18.powerful 19.argument 20.permission 【解析】 1.steal 动词偷窃， stealing名词偷 2.citizen 公民，civic 形容词公民的 3.crime 罪行，criminal 形容词犯罪的 4.harm 伤害，harmful 有害的，搭配 be harmful to 5.judge 判断，judgement 名词判断、裁决 6.frighten 使惊吓，frightened 修饰人，感到害怕 7.wound 受伤，wounded 形容词受伤的（人 / 动物） 8.behave 举止，behaviour 名词行为（英式拼写） 9.prove 证明，proof 名词证据，不可数 10.legal 合法，illegal 非法（否定前缀 il-） 11.publish 出版，publisher 出版商 12.accept 接受，acceptable 可接受 13.imagine 想象，imagination 名词想象力 14.possible 可能，possibility 名词可能性 15.responsible 有责任，responsibility 名词责任 16.psychology 心理学，psychologist 心理学家 17.advise 动词建议，advice 不可数名词建议 18.power 力量，powerful 强大的 19.argue 争论，argument 名词争吵、分歧 20.permit 动词允许，permission 名词许可 一、根据括号里单词的正确形式填空 1.The ________________ of bikes is a common street crime. (steal) 答案：stealing 句意：偷自行车是很常见的街头犯罪。 解析：定冠词 the 后填名词 stealing 作主语。 2.Every ________________ should follow the local laws. (citizen) 答案：citizen 句意：每一位公民都应当遵守当地法律。 解析：every 后接单数名词。 3.He was caught for doing ________________ things online. (crime) 答案：criminal 句意：他因在网上从事犯罪活动被抓获。 解析：形容词 criminal 修饰名词 things。 4.Cyberbullying is ________________ to teenagers’ mental health. (harm) 答案：harmful 句意：网络欺凌对青少年的心理健康有害。 解析：be harmful to 固定搭配。 5.The ________________ of the police was fair to everyone. (judge) 答案：judgement 句意：警方的裁决对所有人都公平公正。 解析：the 后接抽象名词 judgement。 6.The little boy felt ________________ after seeing the big dog. (frighten) 答案：frightened 句意：小男孩看见大狗后感到害怕。 解析：修饰人的感受用 frightened。 7.Many ________________ people got help after the car accident. (wound) 答案：wounded 句意：车祸后许多受伤的人得到救助。 解析：形容词 wounded 修饰 people。 8.Good ________________ at school wins teachers’ praise. (behave) 答案：behaviour 句意：在校良好的举止会得到老师表扬。 解析：形容词 good 后接名词 behaviour。 9.There is no clear ________________ that he broke the rule. (prove) 答案：proof 句意：没有确凿证据证明他违反规定。 解析：no 后接不可数名词 proof。 10.It is ________________ to copy whole textbooks without agreement. (legal) 答案：illegal 句意：未经许可整本复印教科书是违法的。 解析：be 动词后接形容词 illegal 作表语。 11.This book’s ________________ refused to allow photocopying. (publish) 答案：publisher 句意：这本书的出版商不允许复印。 解析：名词 publisher 作句子主语。 12.A few pages copying is ________________ for teachers’ lessons. (accept) 答案：acceptable 句意：复印少量书页用于课堂授课是可以接受的。 解析：be 动词后接形容词 acceptable。 13.You need rich ________________ to write a story about crimes. (imagine) 答案：imagination 句意：写犯罪故事需要丰富的想象力。 解析：形容词 rich 后接名词 imagination。 14.There is a ________________ of heavy fines for littering. (possible) 答案：possibility 句意：乱扔垃圾有可能会被处以高额罚款。 解析：a 后接单数名词 possibility。 15.Everyone takes ________________ for their own online words. (responsible) 答案：responsibility 句意：每个人都要对自己的网络言论负责。 解析：take responsibility for 固定搭配。 16.The ________________ gave useful tips to stop school bullying. (psychology) 答案：psychologist 句意：这位心理学家给出制止校园欺凌的实用建议。 解析：主语指人，用 psychologist。 17.My teacher offered me some useful ________________ on dealing with bullies. (advise) 答案：advice 句意：老师给了我一些应对欺凌的有用建议。 解析：some 后接不可数名词 advice。 18.The law is ________________ enough to protect all young students. (power) 答案：powerful 句意：法律有足够的力量保护所有未成年学生。 解析：be 动词后接形容词 powerful。 19.We had a heated ________________ about online rules yesterday. (argue) 答案：argument 句意：昨天我们就网络规则展开激烈争论。 解析：a 后接单数名词 argument。 20.You need your parents’ ________________ to post your photos online. (permit) 答案：permission 句意：你需要父母许可才能把自己的照片发到网上。 解析：名词 permission 作宾语。 二、根据句意的首字母提示完成合适的单词填空 1.The s________________ of mobile phones often happens in crowded streets. 答案：stealing 句意：手机盗窃常发生在人多的街道。 解析：stealing 是 steal 的名词形式，作句子主语。 2.Every c________________ has the right to be protected by law. 答案：citizen 句意：每位公民都享有法律保护的权利。 解析：every 修饰单数名词 citizen。 3.Do not do any c________________ things no matter how hard life is. 答案：criminal 句意：无论生活多难，都不要做违法之事。 解析：形容词修饰名词 things。 4.Online bullying is h________________ to young people’s growth. 答案：harmful 句意：网络欺凌不利于青少年成长。 解析：be harmful to 固定短语。 5.We should not make quick j________________ about others’ actions. 答案：judgement 句意：我们不应当草率评判他人的行为。 解析：make judgement about 评判……。 6.Kids get f________________ when they are laughed at at school. 答案：frightened 句意：孩子在校被嘲笑时会感到害怕。 解析：feel 后接修饰人形容词。 7.The w________________ boy was sent to hospital at once. 答案：wounded 句意：受伤的男孩立刻被送往医院。 解析：形容词修饰 boy。 8.Good b________________ helps you get along with classmates. 答案：behaviour 句意：良好的举止有助于和同学相处。 解析：形容词 good 修饰名词。 9.The police are looking for p________________ of the burglary. 答案：proof 句意：警方正在寻找入室盗窃的证据。 解析：不可数名词 proof 作宾语。 10.It is i________________ to steal anything from shops. 答案：illegal 句意：在商店偷窃任何东西都是违法的。 解析：be 动词后接形容词。 11.The p________________ of this book sets strict copying rules. 答案：publisher 句意：本书出版商制定了严格的复印规定。 解析：主语指人，用 publisher。 12.Taking a few pages for class is a________________ to most teachers. 答案：acceptable 句意：复印少量书页上课，大部分老师都能接受。 解析：be acceptable to 为…… 所接受。 13.You need i________________ to think of bad crime stories. 答案：imagination 句意：构思犯罪故事需要想象力。 解析：形容词修饰名词 imagination。 14.There is a p________________ of being fined for breaking traffic rules. 答案：possibility 句意：违反交通规则有可能被罚款。 解析：a 后接单数名词。 15.You must take r________________ for everything you post online. 答案：responsibility 句意：你必须为自己发布的所有网络内容负责。 解析：take responsibility for 固定搭配。 16.The p________________ told us how to stay away from bullies. 答案：psychologist 句意：这位心理学家告诉我们如何远离欺凌。 解析：主语指专业人士。 17.My parents gave me some a________________ about online safety. 答案：advice 句意：父母给了我一些网络安全方面的建议。 解析：不可数名词 advice。 18.The new rule is p________________ to stop cyberbullying. 答案：powerful 句意：新规定能有力制止网络欺凌。 解析：be 动词后接形容词。 19.We had a big a________________ about photocopying textbooks. 答案：argument 句意：我们就复印教科书产生巨大分歧。 解析：a 后接名词 argument。 20.Without teachers’ p________________, do not share classmates’ photos. 答案：permission 句意：没有老师许可，不要发布同学照片。 解析：名词作 without 的宾语。 三、根据汉语提示填空 1.The ________________（偷）of bikes is common in this area. 答案：stealing 句意：自行车盗窃在这片区域很常见。 解析：the 后接名词作主语。 2.Every ________________（公民）must obey public rules. 答案：citizen 句意：每位公民都必须遵守公共规则。 解析：every 搭配单数名词。 3.Don’t take part in any ________________（犯罪的）activities. 答案：criminal 句意：不要参与任何犯罪活动。 解析：形容词修饰 activities。 4.Spreading bad words online is ________________（有害的）to others. 答案：harmful 句意：网上散播恶言会伤害他人。 解析：be harmful to 固定搭配。 5.We should avoid wrong ________________（评判）of other students. 答案：judgement 句意：我们应当避免错误评判其他同学。 解析：形容词修饰名词。 6.He felt ________________（害怕的）when being bullied. 答案：frightened 句意：遭受欺凌时他十分害怕。 解析：修饰人的情绪。 7.The ________________（受伤的）girl received medical care quickly. 答案：wounded 句意：受伤女孩很快得到医治。 解析：形容词修饰 girl。 8.Teachers pay attention to students’ ________________（举止）. 答案：behaviour 句意：老师十分关注学生的言行举止。 解析：名词作宾语。 9.Do you have enough ________________（证据）to prove his mistake? 答案：proof 句意：你有充足证据证明他有错吗？ 解析：不可数名词。 10.It is ________________（非法的）to break into others’ houses. 答案：illegal 句意：私闯民宅是违法行为。 解析：形容词作表语。 11.The ________________（出版商）protects writers’ rights. 答案：publisher 句意：出版商保护作者的权益。 解析：主语指人。 12.Small copying is ________________（可接受的）for teaching use. 答案：acceptable 句意：少量复印用于教学是允许的。 解析：形容词作表语。 13.Writing crime stories needs good ________________（想象力）. 答案：imagination 句意：写犯罪故事需要丰富想象力。 解析：名词作宾语。 14.There is a ________________（可能性）of punishment for littering. 答案：possibility 句意：乱扔垃圾有可能受到处罚。 解析：a 后接单数名词。 15.Everyone has the ________________（责任）to stop bullying. 答案：responsibility 句意：每个人都有制止欺凌的责任。 解析：take responsibility for 固定搭配。 16.The ________________（心理学家）helps troubled teenagers. 答案：psychologist 句意：这位心理学家帮助有困扰的青少年。 解析：表示职业名词。 17.Can you give me some ________________（建议）on online safety? 答案：advice 句意：你能给我一些网络安全建议吗？ 解析：advice 不可数。 18.The new law is ________________（强有力的）to protect kids. 答案：powerful 句意：新法律能有力保护未成年人。 解析：形容词作表语。 19.We had a warm ________________（争论）about school rules. 答案：argument 句意：我们就校规展开了热烈讨论。 解析：a 后接名词。 20.You need adult’s ________________（许可）to post others’ pictures. 答案：permission 句意：发布他人照片需要成年人许可。 解析：名词作宾语。 四、翻译 1.偷是违法行为，每位公民都要承担相应责任。(stealing, illegal, citizen, responsibility) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】stealing is illegal, and every citizen should take corresponding responsibility. 2.网络欺凌对青少年心理十分有害，心理学家给出了许多实用建议。(harmful, psychologist, advice) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Cyberbullying is harmful to teenagers’ minds, and psychologists offer lots of practical advice. 3.不要草率评判他人，我们需要足够证据来证明对错。(judgement, proof, prove) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Do not make quick judgement of others; we need enough proof to tell right from wrong. 4.未经出版商许可，整本复印教科书是不被接受的。(publisher, permission, acceptable) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Copy whole textbooks without the publisher’s permission is not acceptable. 5.遭受欺凌的孩子会感到害怕，强大的法律能够保护他们。(frightened, powerful) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Kids who are bullied will feel frightened, and powerful laws can protect them. 6.我们不应当参与任何犯罪活动，避免激烈争吵。(criminal, argument) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We must not take part in any criminal activities and avoid heated arguments. 7.受伤的路人立刻被送往医院，这件事有罚款的可能性。(wounded, possibility) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The wounded passer-by was sent to hospital at once, and there is a possibility of fines for this matter. 8.良好的校园举止能减少各类违规行为。(behave /behaviour) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Good school behaviour can cut down all kinds of wrongdoings. 9.你可以想象没有法律的社会会是什么样子。(imagine) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You can imagine what society would be like without laws. 10.每个人都有责任保护身边受伤的人。(responsibility, wounded) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Everyone has the responsibility to protect wounded people around us. 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Do you know that when you surf the web, websites in some countries put secret software on your computer? The software collects lots of information about you and 1 sends it to internet companies. These companies sell it to other businesses. Your personal information can also be collected from social media sites. There are many ways your information can be used. First, companies record all your information and online 2 . They find out where you live, what websites you visit and what you usually do online. With this information, they can 3 more about you, like your age and interests. They use this information to decide which advertisements are best for you. For example, a sports fan might see advertisements for shoes, while a movie fan sees film advertisements. Besides websites, your data (数据) can be collected and sold by data brokers—the businesses that collect and sell personal information. Once sold, many companies will know what you like to do online then recommend 4 they sell or other websites to you. Another way your personal information can be collected is through social media. Even if you don’t actively use social media, photos or videos shared by friends can show your details. If someone knows too much about you, they can steal your identity (身份信息). Then they can shop online and send messages acting as if they are you. However, it’s not all 5 news. The law is changing. In the European Union, they have introduced the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This rule allows internet users to ask companies to show the information they hold on them and even to 6 it. If other countries do the same, the internet could soon be a much safer place. 1．A．suddenly B．directly C．properly D．carefully 2．A．habits B．services C．skills D．courses 3．A．remember B．explain C．prove D．guess 4．A．projects B．problems C．products D．promises 5．A．fresh B．serious C．bad D．wrong 6．A．store B．clear C．find D．solve 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．B 【导语】本文介绍了网络隐私泄露的现状、数据收集方式及欧盟的GDPR法规对用户隐私的保护作用。 【详解】1．句意：该软件收集你的大量信息并直接将其发送给互联网公司。 suddenly突然；directly直接地；properly恰当地；carefully仔细地。根据“The software collects lots of information about you and ... sends it to internet companies.”可知，信息收集后直接发送，“directly”符合。故选B。 2．句意：首先，公司会记录你的所有信息和在线习惯。 habits习惯；services服务；skills技能；courses课程。根据“First, companies record all your information and online ...”可知，“online habits”指上网行为习惯，符合语境。故选A。 3．句意：利用这些信息，他们可以猜测更多关于你的情况，比如你的年龄和兴趣。 remember记得；explain解释；prove证明；guess猜测。根据“With this information, they can ... more about you, like your age and interests.”可知，公司通过信息推测用户情况，“guess”符合。故选D。 4．句意：一旦售出，许多公司就会知道你喜欢在网上做什么，然后向你推荐他们销售的产品或其他网站。 projects项目；problems问题；products产品；promises承诺。根据“Once sold, many companies will know what you like to do online then recommend ... they sell or other websites to you.”可知，公司销售的是产品，“products”符合。故选C。 5．句意：然而，这并不全是坏消息。 fresh新鲜的；serious严重的；bad坏的；wrong错误的。根据“However, it’s not all ... news.”可知，后文讲法律变化带来安全，说明不是全坏，“bad”符合。故选C。 6．句意：该规定允许互联网用户要求公司展示其持有的关于用户的信息，甚至可以清除这些信息。 store储存；clear清除；find找到；solve解决。根据“This rule allows internet users to ask companies to show the information they hold on them and even to ... it.”可知，GDPR赋予用户“删除数据”的权利，用“清除”最准确。故选B。 二、Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each can only be used once.（将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词只能填一次） A．seriously    B．against    C． obey    D．damage    E. depend on Countries pass different laws because they often have different attitudes to certain crimes. Punishments vary greatly too. Here are some facts about laws in some of the safest countries in the world: Did you know that in Singapore, it is 1 the law to sell or import chewing gum? This is because gum can 2 pavements and cause problems with subway doors. You can get a fine if you are caught breaking this rule! In Finland, fines for some crimes 3 how much money you earn. If you are rich, you pay more! A few years ago, the boss of a big phone company was caught driving too fast and had to pay over £100, 000 as a fine. In Switzerland, it is illegal to mow your lawn or make loud noises on Sundays. The country takes its quiet day rules 4 , so neighbors can enjoy peace and relaxation. A．manage    B．rarely    C． values    D．colourful    E. stolen   In Japan, kindness also means keeping public places clean. Littering is not allowed, and people are expected to take their trash home with them. That’s why you 5 see garbage bins in public spaces, but the streets remain spotless. In Britain, street crime does happen, but there are a lot of CCTV cameras, which makes people feel safe. If your bag is 6 , there is a good chance the police will find the thief. Edinburgh, in Scotland, is known as the safest city in the UK and is a great place to visit! These unique laws and rules show how different countries 7 their societies in unusual ways. While some may seem unusual or strict, they often show the culture and 8 of the people who live there. Learning about these laws can help us understand and respect the traditions of other places. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．E 4．A 5．B 6．E 7．A 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上一些最安全的国家中关于法律和规则的一些独特事实。通过列举新加坡、芬兰、瑞士、日本和英国等国的法律和规则，展示了不同国家如何以各自独特的方式管理社会，并强调了这些法律和规则背后所反映的文化和价值观。 【详解】1．句意：你知道在新加坡，卖或进口口香糖是违法的吗？根据“it is...the law to sell or import chewing gum?...You can get a fine if you are caught breaking this rule!”和备选词汇可知，卖或进口口香糖是违法的，against the law “违法的”。故选B。 2．句意：这是因为口香糖会损坏人行道，并导致地铁门出现问题。根据“This is because gum can... pavements and cause problems with subway doors. You can get a fine if you are caught breaking this rule!”备选词汇可知，此句表达口香糖能够损坏人行道，damage “损坏”，情态动词后跟动词原形。故选D。 3．句意：在芬兰，对一些犯罪的罚款取决于你挣多少钱。根据“In Finland, fines for some crimes... how much money you earn.”和备选词汇可知，此句表达罚款的金额取决于个人的收入，depend on“取决于”。故选E。 4．句意：这个国家认真对待它的安静日规则，所以邻居们可以享受和平与放松。根据“The country takes its quiet day rules...so neighbors can enjoy peace and relaxation.”和备选词汇可知，take...seriously“认真对待”。故选A。 5．句意：这就是为什么你在公共场所很少看到垃圾桶，但街道仍然一尘不染的原因。根据“That’s why you...see garbage bins in public spaces, but the streets remain spotless.”和备选词汇可知，but前后表转折，此句表达公共场所很少看到垃圾桶，但街道仍然一尘不染，rarely“很少地”，副词修饰动词see。故选B。 6．句意：如果你的包被偷了，警察很有可能找到小偷。根据“If your bag is...there is a good chance the police will find the thief.”和备选词汇可知，此句表达如果你的包被偷了，警察很有可能找到小偷。应用被动语态，stolen“偷”，过去分词形式。故选E。 7．句意：这些独特的法律和规则显示了不同国家如何以不寻常的方式管理他们的社会。根据“These unique laws and rules show how different countries...their societies in unusual ways.”和备选词汇可知，此句表达不同国家对社会规则和法律的管理。manage“管理”。故选A。 8．句意：虽然有些可能看起来不寻常或者严格，但他们通常展示了居住在那里的人的文化和价值观。根据“While some may seem unusual or strict, they often show the culture and...of the people who live there.”和备选词汇可知，此空需要填名词与culture并列，values“价值观”，可数名词复数形式。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $