Unit 4 Humour 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语北师大版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“幽默”主题为核心，整合外刊拓展与多题型训练，构建“话题-阅读-技能-应用”知识逻辑链，注重语言能力与文化意识的融合培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单元要点概览|4类话题+3句名言|话题分类与词汇积累|从科普、文化等多维度构建幽默主题认知框架| |外刊拓展阅读|1篇BBC改编科普文|含核心词汇与长难句分析|通过语篇解析深化语言知识与逻辑思维| |能力培优拔高|7篇综合题型（阅读4篇/七选五1篇/完形1篇/语法1篇）|覆盖高考常见题型|以题载知，强化不同文体的理解与表达能力| |迁移应用篇|5个句型+1篇应用文|句型训练与写作实践|从输入到输出，实现语言知识的迁移应用|

Unit 4 Humour 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 外刊话题 名人名言 · 科普类 幽默、大笑对身心健康的积极作用；心理学角度探究幽默缓解疼痛的原理...... · 社会文化类 幽默感存在文化差异；不同国家观众笑点不同...... · 教育实践类 喜剧课程帮助心理弱势群体；趣味教学（喜剧、歌曲）融合学科知识，提升学习兴趣...... · 人物故事类（完形填空首选素材） 依靠笑声对抗重病；喜剧演员的人生经历；普通人用幽默直面困境的叙事短文。 · The most wasted of all days is one without laughter. · Laughter is the shortest distance between two people. · Through humor, you can soften some of the worst blows that life delivers. 1. 阅读理解 说明文（科普：幽默与健康）、议论文（幽默的文化差异）、记叙文（人物故事） 2. 完形填空 ✅选材：叙事类短文 3. 语法填空 4. 七选五 如何培养幽默感；幽默在人际交往中的作用； 5. 书面表达 ①应用文（邮件 / 校报投稿） 校英文报征稿 The Power of Humor，谈谈幽默感的重要性。 Humour命题预测 主题词汇 laughter n. 笑声 wit n. 机智；风趣 sense of humor 幽默感 dark humour 黑色幽默 stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 mock v. 嘲笑 tease v. 打趣，调侃 burst into laughter 突然大笑 play a joke on sb 开某人玩笑 读·外刊拓展阅读 （改编自：BBC Learning English）Laughter is one of the most complicated things our bodies produce. We do not choose to laugh — it is involuntary. Even if we have paid to watch a favourite comedian, we are actually taking a gamble. If we laugh at a joke, it is based on how our brain processes what we see and hear. When we laugh, the left side of the brain works out if what we are experiencing is a joke, while the right side determines whether we actually find it funny. The physical process of laughter is then set in motion by the limbic system, which handles basic emotions such as fear, anger and pleasure. Laughing is a micro-workout. One study found that 10 to 15 minutes of laughter can burn up to 40 additional calories each day. A good giggle also causes 15 facial muscles to contract and uses muscles in your arms, legs and torso. The relaxed feeling after laughter is comparable to the one felt after a good workout, as endorphins — the chemicals which give you warm feelings — are released into your brain. Laughter also boosts our overall health. When we laugh, our immune system is strengthened. It increases our production of antibodies which fight off disease. People with a strong sense of humour are less likely to become anxious or depressed. Moreover, laughter has social significance. Sharing a laugh with friends makes us feel safer and strengthens our shared bond. Laughter is contagious — we are more likely to laugh if somebody else is already laughing. That is why laughter tracks are placed in TV sitcoms. Without laughter, our world would be a lot less friendly. 【全文翻译】 笑是我们身体产生的最复杂的现象之一。我们无法选择笑——它是不可控的。即使我们花钱去看最喜欢的喜剧演员表演，实际上也是在碰运气。如果我们被一个笑话逗笑，那取决于我们的大脑如何处理所见所闻。 当我们笑的时候，大脑左半球负责判断我们正在经历的是否是一个笑话，而右半球则决定我们是否真的觉得它好笑。随后，负责处理恐惧、愤怒和快乐等基本情绪的边缘系统启动了笑的生理过程。 笑是一种微型锻炼。一项研究发现，每天大笑10到15分钟可以额外消耗多达40卡路里。一次开怀大笑还会使15块面部肌肉收缩，并动用手臂、腿部和躯干的肌肉。大笑后的放松感与锻炼后的感觉相似，因为内啡肽——一种让你感到温暖的化学物质——会被释放到大脑中。 笑还能提升整体健康。当我们笑的时候，免疫系统会得到增强，产生更多对抗疾病的抗体。具有强烈幽默感的人不太容易焦虑或抑郁。此外，笑具有社交意义。与朋友分享笑声能让我们感到更安全，加强彼此之间的纽带。笑是有感染力的——如果别人已经在笑了，我们更容易跟着笑。这就是电视情景喜剧中加入笑声轨道的原因。没有笑声，我们的世界将变得不那么友好。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①complicated adj. 复杂的 ②involuntary adj. 不由自主的 ③gamble n. 赌博；冒险 ④process v. 处理 ⑤limbic system n. 边缘系统 ⑥emotion n. 情绪 ⑦calorie n. 卡路里 ⑧contract v. 收缩 ⑨torso n. 躯干 ⑩comparable adj. 可比较的；类似的 ⑪endorphin n. 内啡肽 ⑫release v. 释放 ⑬boost v. 提升；增强 ⑭immune system n. 免疫系统 ⑮antibody n. 抗体 ⑯depressed adj. 抑郁的 ⑰significance n. 意义；重要性 ⑱contagious adj. 有感染力的 ⑲sitcom n. 情景喜剧 ⑳bond n. 纽带；关系 【长难句分析】 1. When we laugh, the left side of the brain works out if what we are experiencing is a joke, while the right side determines whether we actually find it funny. 句意：当我们笑的时候，大脑左半球负责判断我们正在经历的是否是一个笑话，而右半球则决定我们是否真的觉得它好笑。 分析：When we laugh是when引导的时间状语从句；主句主语是the left side of the brain，谓语是works out，if what we are experiencing is a joke是if引导的宾语从句作works out的宾语（其中what we are experiencing是主语从句作is的主语）；while引导并列分句，表示对比，the right side是主语，determines是谓语，whether we actually find it funny是whether引导的宾语从句。 2. The relaxed feeling after laughter is comparable to the one felt after a good workout, as endorphins — the chemicals which give you warm feelings — are released into your brain. 句意：大笑后的放松感与锻炼后的感觉相似，因为内啡肽——一种让你感到温暖的化学物质——会被释放到大脑中。 分析：主句主语是The relaxed feeling，after laughter是后置定语，is comparable to是谓语结构，the one是宾语（one代指feeling），felt after a good workout是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰the one；as引导原因状语从句，主语是endorphins，the chemicals which give you warm feelings是endorphins的同位语（其中which give you warm feelings是定语从句修饰the chemicals），are released是谓语，into your brain是介词短语作状语。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 （2027年高二期中模拟）Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth’s plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake. Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don’t really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs. Scientists use seismic waves (地震波) to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph (地震仪) to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude. To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale or MMS. You usually won’t even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3.0 on the MMS scale. Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale： 4.0－ Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice. 5.0－ If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break. 6.0－ Items will fall off shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the centre will feel this one. 7.0－Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street. 8.0－Many buildings and bridges fall down. Large cracks in the earth. 9.0 and up－Whole cities flattened and large-scale damage. 1．If a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit your area, what might happen? A．Your house might shake violently. B．People might feel no shaking at all. C．The family photo may fall off the wall. D．There might be cracks everywhere on the street. 2．What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? A．It’s still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes. B．Scientists can’t exactly measure the strength of an earthquake. C．People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong. D．The earthquake won’t cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS. 3．The writer explains the concepts concerning the earthquake by ________. A．listing examples B．giving explanations C．making comparisons D．offering data 4．The passage is written mainly to ________. A．enrich people’s knowledge of self-rescue in disasters B．stress the importance of earthquake rescue C．issue early warnings before an earthquake D．present facts about the earthquake Passage 2 （2027年高二期中模拟）When I was young, I loved paper cutting and I was pretty good at it. As I grew up, I became busy and didn’t have much time for it. Later, I stopped doing it. However, the news I came across online touched my heart and changed my mind. A little girl from Jieyang, Guangdong was practicing lion dance when a professional lion dance performance team (专业舞狮表演队) passed by. As soon as they saw the girl practicing, they started to beat drums and gongs for her and quickly she did a lion dance in return. People around all cheered for her. Her love for the ancient Chinese culture evoked my strong memories of paper cutting. I remembered the happy times of making paper cuttings with my teacher and friends in the club. When I was ten, I joined the paper cutting club. Every Monday and Friday, I learned to make paper cuttings there. Our teacher, Ms. Li, was very talented. With a pair of scissors and a piece of paper, she could create lively works (作品). That amazed us. And we learned much from her. Together, we created lots of works. They covered many topics, including animals, flowers and things about Chinese history. Every time we held a paper cutting show, our works attracted many visitors. The girl in the news encouraged me to go on with paper cutting. I want to be an inheritor (继承者) of the ancient Chinese culture. Together with other inheritors, I hope to pass down our excellent culture. 5．What did the girl do after the team began to beat drums and gongs for her? A．She watched their show carefully. B．She did a lion dance in return. C．She cheered for the team. D．She made a paper cutting for the team. 6．The underlined word “evoked” means “ ” in Paragraph 2. A．brought back B．took away C．cut off D．depended on 7．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The long history of paper cutting. B．The steps of making paper cuttings. C．The writer’s happy times of making paper cuttings. D．The writer’s plans for setting up a paper cutting club. 8．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The writer wasn’t good at paper cutting at a young age. B．Now the writer practices paper cutting twice a week. C．The writer hopes to be an inheritor of paper cutting. D．After watching the news, the writer decided to learn lion dance. Passage 3 （福建闽侯县第一中学2026届适应性测试）If you love art then, “Picasso” is going to speak a lot. Modern art is a result of Picasso’s work and he stands as a legendary figure in its birth. Pablo Picasso was born in Madrid on October 25, 1881. Picasso wasn’t just a painter of his time, he was an exceptional painter and his expertise didn’t just stop there. He was a sculptor, printmaker and stage designer. Due to his amazing skills and talent, he became an outstanding figure in all of these fields. Picasso received training from his father who himself was an art teacher and a painter as well. Just at the age of 16, Picasso had already lost a liking to traditional art techniques and he desired to introduce something new. He began to experiment with different styles of art. Most of his life was spent in Paris, which was a city to be in if you were an artist in the early 20th century. During his stay in Paris, he became friends with Guillaume Apollinaire, Georges Braque, and Max Jacob. All of them were influential artists and writers of the time and they quickly became close friends. With time, Picasso’s style continued to evolve. He explored different grounds like still life, portraits, mythological scenes, and landscapes. His work was bold and he always preferred to use innovative perspective. Picasso also excelled in other forms of art. He also produced sculptures, and collages, and even took an interest in theatrical productions. His most famous work was “Guernica”, a typical example of cubist (立体主义的) style. He produced this in response to the Spanish Civil War when the town of Guernica suffered a horrifying bombing. To this day, his work is an iconic representation of war horrors. On April 8, 1973, Picasso passed away in the city of Mougins, France. He left behind a legacy of art that is celebrated still to this day. 9. Which of the following best describes Picasso? A. Gifted. B. Energetic. C. Greedy. D. Efficient. 10. What can be inferred about Picasso’s early life and education? A. He had no interest in art. B. He spent his entire life in Spain. C. He preferred traditional art techniques. D. He was trained by his father, an art teacher. 11. Which city played the most crucial role in Picasso’s artistic development and why? A. Madrid, because it was his birthplace. B. Paris, because it was a center for artists in the early 20th century. C. Mougins, because it was where he passed away. D. Guernica, because it inspired his most famous work. 12. What is a suitable title for the text? A. The Life of a Spanish Actor: Picasso’s Journey B. Picasso: A Revolutionary Artist in Modern Art C. From Traditional to Cubist: Picasso’s Artistic Evolution D. Paris and Picasso: The City that Shaped an Artist Passage 4 （福建闽侯县第一中学2026届适应性测试）Native to southwest China, pandas are famous for their love of bamboo, spending up to 16hours a day consuming this fast-growing plant. Pandas have puzzled biologists for decades with their bamboo-only diet. Despite having digestive systems typical of meat-consuming animals, pandas have adapted to a diet that is almost entirely plant-based. A recent study published in the journal Frontiers by researchers from China West Normal University demonstrates how this is possible. The study reveals that bamboo contains microRNA (miRNA), a genetic material that pandas absorb into their bloodstream. This miRNA plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, influencing pandas’ growth, behavior and immune (免疫) responses. Dr. Li Feng, a senior author of the study, explains in a statement that miRNA also affects pandas’ sense of smell, taste, and dopamine (多巴胺) pathways, all of which are closely linked to their feeding habits. The researchers believe that by the time a baby panda grows up,it will develop the ability to pick the freshest and most nutritious bamboo, which enables them to adapt to a plant-based diet. The research team analyzed blood samples from six pandas, identifying 57 kinds of miRNAs likely coming from bamboo. These findings suggest that miRNA is key to pandas’ adaptation to their unique diet. The study also highlights the potential broader implications of this discovery. By understanding how plant miRNA affects animals, scientists may be able to develop new treatments or preventive measures for diseases. The panda’s diet consists almost entirely of bamboo leaves, stems and shoots. And only about 1% of their food comes from other plants, according to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). This research not only deepens our understanding of pandas but also opens new ways for exploring the interactions between plant and animal biology. 13. What aspect of pandas is focused on in the research? A. Physical growth. B. Social behavior. C. Hunting strategies. D. Genetic adaptation. 14. How do pandas adapt to their plant-based diet over time? A. By learning to select bamboo. B. By increasing their consumption. C. By reducing their reliance on plants. D. By developing stronger digestive systems. 15. What may be the positive impact of the finding in the future? A. Increasing the panda population. B. Developing new medical treatments. C. Changing pandas’ digestive systems. D. Improving bamboo planting techniques. 16. What is the author’s attitude towards the outcome of the study? A. Curious. B. Critical. C. Optimistic. D. Doubtful. Passage 5 （福建闽侯县第一中学2026届适应性测试）We are faced with increasing pressure to make sensible decisions about every aspect of our lives — from choosing the healthiest breakfast option to finding a school or university to attend. Make the correct choice and you can give yourself a pat on the back. ____17____ Psychologists have found that people’s approaches to decision-making tend to fit into one of two categories. You are either a maximiser — a person who strives to make a choice that will give them the maximum benefit later on — or a satisfier, whose choices are determined by more modest criteria and nothing more. Given that maximisers task themselves with making the most informed, intelligent decisions, we might expect that the outcome of their approach would be superior. This assumption, however, has been contradicted by numerous studies. Studies have found that maximisers are often less effective in a decision-making environment. They tend to exhaust all options in search of the perfect choice.____18____ Setting unachievable goals may itself get in the way of making good decisions. ____19____ The abundance of alternatives can overwhelm even the most diligent decision-makers. In The Paradox of Choice, U.S. psychologist Barry Schwartz looked at the proliferation (激增) of choices that are available to us in our everyday lives. He found that an increased range of options does not necessarily lead to higher satisfaction with the outcome of a decision.____20____ Maximisers tend to experience a sense of “buyer’s regret” following a decision, doubting whether it was correct, and imagining how life would have been had they chosen a different path.____21____ While a maximising approach might seem an optimal approach to decision-making, our energy may be better spent satisficing and appreciating what we have, rather than what we might have had. A. Make a bad decision and you can be left with feelings of regret. B. We are often overwhelmed by the abundance of choices we face. C. A satisficer is usually much more efficient and mentally less burdened. D. This problem is especially pronounced in a world where options seem endless. E. By contrast, a satisficer accepts his choice as good enough, even if it’s not the best. F. In other words, maximisers struggle to stop searching despite a good enough option. G. If anything, choice may in fact limit our ability to enjoy and appreciate what we have. Passage 6 （2027年高二期中模拟）While Ashley Jose was shopping at a bookstore, a self help book caught her eye. The 27-year-old 22____the book Girl, Stop Apologizing, and began reading it when she got home. After reading for a few minutes, she 23____something falling out from the book. It was five dollars! “Wait, what is happening?” Ashley wondered. She looked through the book, and in one of the last 24____, there was a Post-it note that 25____: “To the person who buys the book: I am having a 26____day. I thought maybe I could brighten someone else’s day with this little 27____. Go buy a cup of coffee or some desserts, and practice some self-care today. Remember that you are loved, you are amazing and you are strong. — Lisa.” Ashley decided to post a photo of the Post-it note and five dollars from Lisa on Twitter and it spread 28____. After seeing the Post-it note and the 29____, many people promised their own random (随意的) acts of 30____within a week. “At that moment, I realize that I have the 31____to share more stories about good deeds in my daily life. I’m very happy to 32____people who did something good for strangers,” Ashley said “The ripple effect (连锁反应) is pretty 33____”. After seeing her Twitter post, Lisa mailed Ashley a postcard. “Lisa said my Twitter post made her cry in a good way,” said Ashley. But Lisa still didn’t 34____who she was. According to her postcard, it had been a difficult time for her and she just wanted to create something 35____of course, she never really 36____to see such a great ripple effect. 22．A．packed B．bought C．borrowed D．collected 23．A．noticed B．painted C．kicked D．dropped 24．A．lines B．words C．pages D．papers 25．A．wrote B．read C．told D．talked 26．A．hard B．lucky C．simple D．relaxing 27．A．card B．smile C．letter D．surprise 28．A．secretly B．easily C．obviously D．rapidly 29．A．letter B．check C．note D．novel 30．A．kindness B．honesty C．talent D．wisdom 31．A．patience B．confidence C．responsibility D．pressure 32．A．search for B．learn from C．live with D．hear about 33．A．awkward B．unbelievable C．reasonable D．unattractive 34．A．find out B．give away C．care about D．make sure 35．A．convenient B．impressive C．similar D．positive 36．A．attempted B．asked C．expected D．liked Passage 7 （2027年高二期中模拟）Tu Youyou is universally acknowledged as a scientist of great 37____(achieve). Born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team 38____was formed by the government with the aim of discovering a new treatment 39____malaria and two years later she became the head of the project in Beijing. She and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical texts, 40____(evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical properties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. As a 41____(commit) and patient scientist, she never acknowledged defeat 42____(careful) thinking and research work. She drew 43____conclusion that _____44__(boil) the sweet wormwood destroyed 45____(it) medical properties. So she used a lower temperature 46____(draw) out the extract and finally she succeeded. 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. Laughter ____________________（被公认为是一种有效的减压方式） by many scientists.（被动语态 + recognise） 2. It is the sense of humour ____________________（使他能与不同文化背景的人交朋友）.（强调句型 + make friends） 3. ____________________（尽管幽默在文化间存在差异）, physical comedy seems to have universal appeal.（让步状语从句） 4. Not until I read the article ____________________（我才意识到笑声对健康有多么重要）.（not until 倒装句） 5. The comedian ____________________（以其机智的幽默而闻名） delivered a performance that left the audience in stitches.（定语从句 + be known for） 二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom最近因为考试压力大而心情低落。请你给他写一封回信，建议他通过幽默和欢笑来缓解压力。内容包括：1. 表示理解与关心；2. 介绍幽默/笑的益处（至少两点）；3. 给出具体建议（至少两条）。 注意：1. 词数80-100；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3. 条理清晰，语言连贯。 Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you've been feeling stressed about your exams. Here are some suggestions. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope these suggestions will help. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua $ Unit 4 Humour 外刊拓展答案 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于地震的相关事实，如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生的一些事情。 1．细节理解题。根据题干中的“5.0-magnitude earthquake”定位到文章第四段中的例子描述部分，其中提到“5.0－If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break. (5.0级地震——如果你在车里，车可能会摇晃。玻璃杯和盘子可能会哐啷作响（发出碰撞声）。窗户可能会破碎)”可知，5.0级地震会导致车摇晃，玻璃杯和盘子等物品晃动、发生碰撞与以及窗户破裂，结合选项，家庭照片由于晃动从墙上掉下是有可能的；C选项“The family photo may fall off the wall.(这张家庭照片可能会从墙上掉下来。)”符合题意 。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线句前面的内容“Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks.(一般来说，在一次大地震发生之前和之后，都会出现一些较小的地震。发生在震前的地震被称为前震，而发生在震后的地震则被称为余震。)”；同时根据划线句“Scientists don’t really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs. (科学家在更大的地震发生之前，真的不知道一场地震是否是前震)”可知，在主震发生之前，科学家难以准确判断之前的小震是否为前震，直到大地震发生，科学家才真正知道这次地震是否是前震，故划线句意味着：在主震发生之前，科学家难以准确判断之前的小震是否为前震。A选项“It’s still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.(仍然很难区分前震和主震)”准确表达了原文的意思。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.(这些板块在很长一段时间内缓慢移动。有时被称为断层线的边缘会被卡住，但板块仍在移动。在边缘被卡住的地方，压力开始慢慢增大，一旦压力足够大，板块就会突然移动，引起地震)”可知，作者在解释地震发生的原因时，作者详细描述了板块运动、断层线卡住、压力积聚等过程，因此作者是通过解释原因的论证方式来解释有关地震的概念。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth’s plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.(地震通常发生在地球板块边缘区域。这些板块在很长一段时间内缓慢移动。有时板块边缘（被称为断层线）会卡住不动，但板块仍会继续移动。当板块边缘卡住时，压力会逐渐累积起来，一旦压力达到足够大，板块就会突然移动，从而引发地震。)”以及通读全文，全文主要围绕地震这一主题展开，介绍了地震的发生原因、前震和余震的概念、地震大小的测量方法以及不同震级地震可能造成的影响等事实性信息。可知，文章目的是为了陈述关于地震的一些事实。故选D。 Passage 2 【答案】5．B 6．A 70．C 8．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者看到小女孩对于中国传统文化的热爱后会想起自己在剪纸社团里开心的时光，也立志成为一名中国传统文化的继承者。 5．细节理解题。第二段提到“As soon as they saw the girl practicing, they started to beat drums and gongs for her and quickly she did a lion dance in return.”（他们一看到女孩在练习，就开始为她敲锣打鼓，很快她就跳了一个舞狮作为回报。）由此判断，小女孩快速地跳了一个狮子舞来回报他们。故选B。 6．词义猜测题。划线词后第三段提到“I remembered the happy times of making paper cuttings with my teacher and friends in the club.”（我记得在俱乐部里和老师、朋友们一起做剪纸的快乐时光。）以及划线词后文“my strong memories of paper cutting”（我对剪纸的强烈记忆）由此判断，作者看到小女孩对于传统文化的热爱的时候，也回忆起了自己之前在剪纸社团里开心的时光。划线词应为“回忆起”。A. brought back使回忆起；B. took away拿走；C. cut off切断；中断；D. depended on依靠。A项与划线词意思相近。故选A。 7．主旨大意题。第三段提到“I remembered the happy times of making paper cuttings with my teacher and friends in the club.”（我记得在俱乐部里和老师、朋友们一起做剪纸的快乐时光。）由此判断，第三段主要描述了作者在剪纸俱乐部与老师和朋友们制作纸艺品的快乐时光。故选C。 8．细节理解题。文章最后一句提到“I want to be an inheritor (继承者) of the ancient Chinese culture. Together with other inheritors, I hope to pass down our excellent culture.”（我想成为中国文化的传承人。我希望和其他传承人一起，把我们优秀的文化传承下去。）由此判断，作者希望成为中国传统文化的继承者，把优秀的文化传承下去。C项正确。故选C。 Passage 3 【答案】9. A 10. D 11. B 12. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是毕加索的生平及其对现代艺术的革命性贡献，探讨他如何成为立体主义的代表人物和20世纪最具影响力的艺术家之一。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Picasso wasn’t just a painter of his time, he was an exceptional painter and his expertise didn’t just stop there. He was a sculptor, printmaker and stage designer. Due to his amazing skills and talent, he became an outstanding figure in all of these fields.(毕加索不仅仅是他那个时代的画家，他是一位杰出的画家，他的专长并不止于此。他是一位雕刻家、版画家和舞台设计师。由于他惊人的技能和天赋，他成为所有这些领域的杰出人物。)”以及第三段中的“With time, Picasso’s style continued to evolve. He explored different grounds like still life, portraits, mythological scenes, and landscapes. His work was bold and he always preferred to use innovative perspective. Picasso also excelled in other forms of art. He also produced sculptures, and collages, and even took an interest in theatrical productions.(随着时间的推移，毕加索的风格不断演变。他探索了静物、肖像、神话场景和风景等不同的领域。他的作品大胆，他总是喜欢使用创新的视角。毕加索在其他艺术形式上也很出色。他还制作雕塑和拼贴画，甚至对戏剧作品也很感兴趣。)”可知，毕加索不仅是画家，还是雕塑家，版画家和舞台设计师，而且他的作品风格不断演变，探索了不同领域，如静物、肖像、神话场景和风景等，体现了他在各个不同的领域都具有天赋，由此可知，毕加索是一个有天赋的人。故选A项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Picasso received training from his father who himself was an art teacher and a painter as well. (毕加索接受了他父亲的训练，他父亲本身也是一名艺术教师和画家。)”可知，Picasso的父亲是一位艺术教师和画家，Picasso从他那里接受了训练，由此可知，他的父亲是一名美术老师。故选D项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most of his life was spent in Paris, which was a city to be in if you were an artist in the early 20th century. (他的大部分时间都是在巴黎度过的，如果你是20世纪初的艺术家，那是一个必去的城市。)”可知，如果是20世纪初的艺术家，巴黎是一个必去的城市，而毕加索大部分时间在巴黎度过，由此可知，巴黎对毕加索的艺术发展很重要，因为它是20世纪早期艺术家的中心。故选B项。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“If you love art then, “Picasso” is going to speak a lot. Modern art is a result of Picasso’s work and he stands as a legendary figure in its birth. Pablo Picasso was born in Madrid on October 25, 1881.(如果你热爱艺术，那么“毕加索”就能说明很多问题。现代艺术是毕加索作品的产物，他是现代艺术诞生的传奇人物。巴勃罗·毕加索于1881年10月25日出生于马德里。)”和尾段“On April 8, 1973, Picasso passed away in the city of Mougins, France. He left behind a legacy of art that is celebrated still to this day.(1973年4月8日，毕加索在法国穆甘市去世。他留下的艺术遗产至今仍被人们称颂。)”以及文章介绍的毕加索在现代艺术中的重要地位和他的艺术成就，以及他的艺术风格的演变等可知，“毕加索：现代艺术的革命艺术家”可以概括本文的主题，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 4 【答案】13. D 14. A 15. B 16. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国科学家关于大熊猫食竹习性的最新研究发现。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Despite having digestive systems typical of meat-consuming animals, pandas have adapted to a diet that is almost entirely plant-based.(尽管熊猫的消化系统是肉食动物的典型特征，但它们已经适应了几乎完全以植物为基础的饮食。)”可知，文章主要讲述了中国西部师范大学的研究人员发表在《前沿》杂志上的一项研究，揭示了熊猫尽管有典型的肉食动物消化系统，却能适应几乎全是植物性食物的饮食的原因，即竹子中的微小核糖核酸（miRNA）被熊猫吸收进入血液，在调节基因表达方面起着关键作用，影响着熊猫的生长、行为和免疫反应等，这属于基因适应方面的内容。故选D项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers believe that by the time a baby panda grows up, it will develop the ability to pick the freshest and most nutritious bamboo, which enables them to adapt to a plant-based diet.(研究人员认为，当熊猫宝宝长大后，它将发展出挑选最新鲜、最有营养的竹子的能力，这使它们能够适应以植物为基础的饮食。)”可知，研究人员认为当熊猫宝宝长大后，它将发展出挑选最新鲜、最有营养竹子的能力，这使它们能够适应植物性饮食。故选A项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By understanding how plant miRNA affects animals, scientists may be able to develop new treatments or preventive measures for diseases.(通过了解植物miRNA如何影响动物，科学家们可能能够开发出新的治疗方法或疾病预防措施。)”可知，通过了解植物微小核糖核酸（miRNA）如何影响动物，科学家可能能够开发出治疗或预防疾病的新方法。故选B项。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This research not only deepens our understanding of pandas but also opens new ways for exploring the interactions between plant and animal biology.(这项研究不仅加深了我们对大熊猫的认识，也为探索植物和动物生物学之间的相互作用开辟了新的途径。)”可知，作者认为这项研究不仅加深了我们对熊猫的理解，还为探索植物和动物生物学之间的相互作用开辟了新途径，同时提到了对疾病治疗的潜在意义，由此可推断作者对这项研究的结果持乐观态度。故选C项。 Passage 5 【答案】17. A 18. F 19. D 20. G 21. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍做决定的两种类型，最大化者和满足者，指出前者易因追求完美陷入困境，后者更易获得满足。 【17题详解】 根据前文“Make the correct choice and you can give yourself a pat on the back. (做出正确的选择，你可以为自己感到自豪。)”可知，前文讲述了做出正确选择的结果，此空应承接上文讲述做出错误选择的相反结果，A选项“Make a bad decision and you can be left with feelings of regret. (做出糟糕的决定，你会留下后悔的感觉。)”与前文句式一致，形成正反对比，符合语境。故选A项。 【18题详解】 根据前文“They tend to exhaust all options in search of the perfect choice. (他们倾向于穷尽所有选择以寻找完美的答案。)”以及后文“Setting unachievable goals may itself get in the way of making good decisions. (设定无法实现的目标本身可能会阻碍做出正确的决定。)”可知，前文说明最大化者追求完美、穷尽选择的特点，此空应进一步解释这一特点，F选项“In other words, maximisers struggle to stop searching despite a good enough option. (换句话说，即使有足够好的选择，最大化者也难以停止寻找。)”是对前文内容的同义转述，且与后文的不良影响相衔接，符合语境。故选F项。 【19题详解】 根据前文“Setting unachievable goals may itself get in the way of making good decisions. (设定无法实现的目标本身可能会阻碍做出正确的决定。)”以及后文“The abundance of alternatives can overwhelm even the most diligent decision-makers. (大量的选择甚至会让最勤奋的决策者感到不知所措。)”可知，前文讲述了最大化者因追求完美出现的决策问题，此空应承接上文说明该问题的凸显场景，D选项“This problem is especially pronounced in a world where options seem endless. (这个问题在一个选择似乎无穷无尽的世界里尤为突出。)”中的This problem指代前文最大化者的决策问题，且衔接后文的大量选择相关内容，符合语境。故选D项。 【20题详解】 根据前文“He found that an increased range of options does not necessarily lead to higher satisfaction with the outcome of a decision. (他发现，选择范围的扩大并不一定能让人对决策结果更满意。)”可知，前文说明更多选择未必带来更高满意度，此空应承接上文进一步说明选择过多的负面影响，G选项“If anything, choice may in fact limit our ability to enjoy and appreciate what we have. (事实上，选择反而可能限制我们享受和珍惜所拥有事物的能力。)”是对前文研究发现的进一步阐释，符合语境。故选G项。 【21题详解】 根据前文“Maximisers tend to experience a sense of “buyer’s regret” following a decision, doubting whether it was correct, and imagining how life would have been had they chosen a different path. (最大化者在做出决定后往往会产生“买家懊悔”的感觉，怀疑决定是否正确，想象如果选择不同的道路生活会是怎样。)”可知，前文讲述了最大化者做决定后的心理状态，此空应通过对比讲述满足者的相反状态，E选项“By contrast, a satisficer accepts his choice as good enough, even if it’s not the best. (相比之下，满足者会接受自己的选择，认为它足够好，即使它不是最好的。)”中的By contrast体现对比关系，且与前文最大化者的心理形成鲜明对照，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 6 【答案】22．B　23．A　24．C　25．B　26．A　27．D　28．D　29．C　30．A　31．C　32．D　33．B　34．B　35．D　36．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Ashley买书阅读时发现Lisa留的钱和便条，引发连锁反应。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位27岁的女孩买下了《女孩，别再道歉了》这本书，回家后就开始阅读。A. packed打包；B. bought买；C. borrowed借；D. collected收集。根据前文“While Ashley Jose was shopping at a bookstore, a self help book caught her eye.”可知，Ashley在书店购物时看到了这本书，所以应该是买下了这本书。故选B。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：读了几分钟后，她注意到有东西从书里掉了出来。A. noticed注意到；B. painted画；C. kicked踢；D. dropped掉下。根据后文“something falling out from the book”可知，Ashley应该是注意到了有东西从书里掉了出来。故选A。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她翻阅着那本书，在书的末页中发现了一张便利贴，上面写着：“致买下这本书的人：我今天过得不太顺心。我想，或许我能用这点小惊喜让别人的日子变得明亮一些。今天去买杯咖啡或者来点甜点吧，好好照顾自己。请记住，有人爱着你，你很棒，而且你很坚强。——莉莎”A. lines线，字行；B. words单词；C. pages页；D. papers论文。根据前文“She looked through the book”可知，Ashley翻阅了这本书，所以此处应该是指书中的某一页。故选C。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. wrote写；B. read写着；C. told告诉；D. talked交谈。根据后文便签上的内容可知，此处应该是指便签上写着什么，read此处表示“写着”，符合语境。故选B。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. hard艰难的；B. lucky幸运的；C. simple简单的；D. relaxing放松的。根据最后一段“According to her postcard, it had been a difficult time for her ”可知，根据Lisa的明信片，那段时间对她来说很艰难。故选A。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. card卡片；B. smile微笑；C. letter信；D. surprise惊喜。根据前文“It was five dollars!”可知，Lisa在书里夹了五美元，这对于买书的人来说应该是一个小惊喜。故选D。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ashley决定在推特上发布一张便签和Lisa的五美元的照片，照片迅速传播开来。A. secretly秘密地；B. easily容易地；C. obviously明显地；D. rapidly迅速地。根据后文“After seeing the Post-it note and the 29 , many people promised their own random (随意的) acts of 30 within a week.”可知，很多人看到了这张便签，说明照片传播得很快。故选D。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到这张便签和五美元后，许多人承诺在一周内做出自己的善举。A. letter信；B. check支票；C. note便签；D. novel小说。根据前文“Ashley decided to post a photo of the Post-it note and five dollars from Lisa on Twitter”可知，人们看到的是便签和五美元的照片。故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到这张便签和五美元后，许多人承诺在一周内做出自己的善举。A. kindness善良；B. honest诚实；C. talent天赋；D. wisdom智慧。根据前文Lisa在书里夹钱并留言鼓励别人的行为，以及后文Ashley说“I realize that I have the 31 to share more stories about good deeds in my daily life.”可知，此处应该是指人们承诺做出善举。故选A。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“在那一刻，我意识到我有责任分享更多关于我日常生活中善举的故事。我很高兴听到有人为陌生人做了好事，”Ashley说，“这种连锁反应真的很不可思议。”A. patience耐心；B. confidence信心；C. responsibility责任；D. pressure压力。根据后文“I’m very happy to 32 people who did something good for strangers”可知，Ashley很高兴听到有人为陌生人做了好事，所以她觉得自己有责任分享这些故事。故选C。 32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. search for搜索；B. learn from向……学习；C. live with与……一起生活；D. hear about听说。根据前文“many people promised their own random (随意的) acts of 30 within a week”可知，很多人承诺做出善举，所以Ashley应该是很高兴听到这些好消息。故选D。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. awkward尴尬的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. reasonable合理的；D. unattractive不吸引人的。根据前文“it spread rapidly”以及Ashley的惊讶可知，这种连锁反应是令人难以置信的。故选B。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但 Lisa 仍然没有透露自己是谁。A. find out查明，找出；B. give away透露；C. care about关心；D. make sure确保。根据后文“According to her postcard, it had been a difficult time for her and she just wanted to create something 35 of course, she never really 36 to see such a great ripple effect.”可知，Lisa只是想做点好事，并没有想要透露自己是谁。故选B。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据她的明信片，那段时间对她来说很艰难，她只是想创造一些积极的东西，当然，她从来没有真正期待过会有如此巨大的连锁反应。A. convenient方便的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. similar相似的；D. positive积极的。根据前文Lisa在书里夹钱并留言鼓励别人的行为可知，她想创造一些积极的东西。故选D。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. attempted尝试；B. asked问；C. expected期待；D. liked喜欢。根据前文“But Lisa still didn’t 34 who she was.”可知，Lisa并没有想要知道是谁分享了她的故事，说明她并没有期待会有如此巨大的连锁反应。故选C。 Passage 7 【答案】37．achievement　38．that/which　39．for　40．evaluated　41．committed　42．boiling　43．more careful　44．a　45．its　46．to draw 【解析】 37．考查名词。句意：屠呦呦被公认为一位成就斐然的科学家。分析句式结构可知，of 后接抽象名词表示某人或某物具有的某种特征或性质。故填achievement。 38．考查定语从句。句意：1967年，她被选入一个由政府组织的研究小组，该小组旨在发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法。两年后，她成为北京该项目的负责人。分析句式结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a research team，因为从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导。故填that或which。 39．考查介词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处用介词for构成固定搭配，a new treatment for malaria 意为“一种治疗疟疾的新疗法”。故填for。 40．考查动词时态。句意：她和她的队友研究了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物的药用特性，并测试了380种不同的中国古代医学方法，这些方法在对抗疟疾方面表现出了希望。分析句式结构可知，设空处和句中的examined、tested作并列谓语，应用一般过去时。故填evaluated。 41．考查形容词。句意：作为一名有献身精神和耐心的科学家，她遇到任何困难都不承认失败。分析句式结构可知，此处用形容词committed意为“尽心尽力的”，和patient一起作scientist的定语。故填committed。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：在煮沸艾草无法提取出有用的提取物后，她开始了更加仔细的思考和研究工作。分析句意可知，by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”，by 为介词，后接动名词。故填boiling。 43．考查形容词的比较级。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处指她开始了更加仔细的思考和研究工作，含有比较的意思，且前面有even修饰。故填more careful。 44．考查冠词。句意：她得出结论，煮沸青蒿会破坏其药用价值。分析句意可知，此处用不定冠词a构成固定搭配draw a conclusion that...表示“得出一个……的结论”。故填a。 45．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处指破坏了它的药用性能，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 46．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以她用较低的温度提取出了提取物，最后她成功了。分析句意可知，此处用动词不定式构成固定搭配use sth. to do sth.表示“使用某物做某事”。故填to draw。 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. is recognised as an effective way to reduce stress 2. that enables him to make friends with people from different cultural backgrounds 3. Although humour differs from culture to culture 4. did I realise how important laughter is to health 5. who is known for his witty humour 二、应用文写作 Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you've been feeling stressed about your exams. Here are some suggestions. First, laughter is a natural stress reliever. When you laugh, your brain releases endorphins, which can instantly lift your mood and reduce anxiety. Second, sharing a good laugh with friends can strengthen your social bonds, making you feel less alone during tough times. I suggest you watch some comedy shows or read humorous books during your breaks. Also, try sharing funny stories with your classmates. A good laugh can refresh your mind, boost your energy, and improve your study efficiency. I hope these suggestions will help. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Humour 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 外刊话题 名人名言 · 科普类 幽默、大笑对身心健康的积极作用；心理学角度探究幽默缓解疼痛的原理...... · 社会文化类 幽默感存在文化差异；不同国家观众笑点不同...... · 教育实践类 喜剧课程帮助心理弱势群体；趣味教学（喜剧、歌曲）融合学科知识，提升学习兴趣...... · 人物故事类（完形填空首选素材） 依靠笑声对抗重病；喜剧演员的人生经历；普通人用幽默直面困境的叙事短文。 · The most wasted of all days is one without laughter. · Laughter is the shortest distance between two people. · Through humor, you can soften some of the worst blows that life delivers. 1. 阅读理解 说明文（科普：幽默与健康）、议论文（幽默的文化差异）、记叙文（人物故事） 2. 完形填空 ✅选材：叙事类短文 3. 语法填空 4. 七选五 如何培养幽默感；幽默在人际交往中的作用； 5. 书面表达 ①应用文（邮件 / 校报投稿） 校英文报征稿 The Power of Humor，谈谈幽默感的重要性。 Humour命题预测 主题词汇 laughter n. 笑声 wit n. 机智；风趣 sense of humor 幽默感 dark humour 黑色幽默 stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 mock v. 嘲笑 tease v. 打趣，调侃 burst into laughter 突然大笑 play a joke on sb 开某人玩笑 读·外刊拓展阅读 （改编自：BBC Learning English）Laughter is one of the most complicated things our bodies produce. We do not choose to laugh — it is involuntary. Even if we have paid to watch a favourite comedian, we are actually taking a gamble. If we laugh at a joke, it is based on how our brain processes what we see and hear. When we laugh, the left side of the brain works out if what we are experiencing is a joke, while the right side determines whether we actually find it funny. The physical process of laughter is then set in motion by the limbic system, which handles basic emotions such as fear, anger and pleasure. Laughing is a micro-workout. One study found that 10 to 15 minutes of laughter can burn up to 40 additional calories each day. A good giggle also causes 15 facial muscles to contract and uses muscles in your arms, legs and torso. The relaxed feeling after laughter is comparable to the one felt after a good workout, as endorphins — the chemicals which give you warm feelings — are released into your brain. Laughter also boosts our overall health. When we laugh, our immune system is strengthened. It increases our production of antibodies which fight off disease. People with a strong sense of humour are less likely to become anxious or depressed. Moreover, laughter has social significance. Sharing a laugh with friends makes us feel safer and strengthens our shared bond. Laughter is contagious — we are more likely to laugh if somebody else is already laughing. That is why laughter tracks are placed in TV sitcoms. Without laughter, our world would be a lot less friendly. 【全文翻译】 笑是我们身体产生的最复杂的现象之一。我们无法选择笑——它是不可控的。即使我们花钱去看最喜欢的喜剧演员表演，实际上也是在碰运气。如果我们被一个笑话逗笑，那取决于我们的大脑如何处理所见所闻。 当我们笑的时候，大脑左半球负责判断我们正在经历的是否是一个笑话，而右半球则决定我们是否真的觉得它好笑。随后，负责处理恐惧、愤怒和快乐等基本情绪的边缘系统启动了笑的生理过程。 笑是一种微型锻炼。一项研究发现，每天大笑10到15分钟可以额外消耗多达40卡路里。一次开怀大笑还会使15块面部肌肉收缩，并动用手臂、腿部和躯干的肌肉。大笑后的放松感与锻炼后的感觉相似，因为内啡肽——一种让你感到温暖的化学物质——会被释放到大脑中。 笑还能提升整体健康。当我们笑的时候，免疫系统会得到增强，产生更多对抗疾病的抗体。具有强烈幽默感的人不太容易焦虑或抑郁。此外，笑具有社交意义。与朋友分享笑声能让我们感到更安全，加强彼此之间的纽带。笑是有感染力的——如果别人已经在笑了，我们更容易跟着笑。这就是电视情景喜剧中加入笑声轨道的原因。没有笑声，我们的世界将变得不那么友好。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①complicated adj. 复杂的 ②involuntary adj. 不由自主的 ③gamble n. 赌博；冒险 ④process v. 处理 ⑤limbic system n. 边缘系统 ⑥emotion n. 情绪 ⑦calorie n. 卡路里 ⑧contract v. 收缩 ⑨torso n. 躯干 ⑩comparable adj. 可比较的；类似的 ⑪endorphin n. 内啡肽 ⑫release v. 释放 ⑬boost v. 提升；增强 ⑭immune system n. 免疫系统 ⑮antibody n. 抗体 ⑯depressed adj. 抑郁的 ⑰significance n. 意义；重要性 ⑱contagious adj. 有感染力的 ⑲sitcom n. 情景喜剧 ⑳bond n. 纽带；关系 【长难句分析】 1. When we laugh, the left side of the brain works out if what we are experiencing is a joke, while the right side determines whether we actually find it funny. 句意：当我们笑的时候，大脑左半球负责判断我们正在经历的是否是一个笑话，而右半球则决定我们是否真的觉得它好笑。 分析：When we laugh是when引导的时间状语从句；主句主语是the left side of the brain，谓语是works out，if what we are experiencing is a joke是if引导的宾语从句作works out的宾语（其中what we are experiencing是主语从句作is的主语）；while引导并列分句，表示对比，the right side是主语，determines是谓语，whether we actually find it funny是whether引导的宾语从句。 2. The relaxed feeling after laughter is comparable to the one felt after a good workout, as endorphins — the chemicals which give you warm feelings — are released into your brain. 句意：大笑后的放松感与锻炼后的感觉相似，因为内啡肽——一种让你感到温暖的化学物质——会被释放到大脑中。 分析：主句主语是The relaxed feeling，after laughter是后置定语，is comparable to是谓语结构，the one是宾语（one代指feeling），felt after a good workout是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰the one；as引导原因状语从句，主语是endorphins，the chemicals which give you warm feelings是endorphins的同位语（其中which give you warm feelings是定语从句修饰the chemicals），are released是谓语，into your brain是介词短语作状语。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 （2027年高二期中模拟）Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth’s plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake. Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks. Scientists don’t really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs. Scientists use seismic waves (地震波) to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph (地震仪) to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude. To tell the strength of an earthquake scientists use a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale or MMS. You usually won’t even notice an earthquake unless it measures at least a 3.0 on the MMS scale. Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale： 4.0－ Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not notice. 5.0－ If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break. 6.0－ Items will fall off shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty much everyone near the centre will feel this one. 7.0－Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street. 8.0－Many buildings and bridges fall down. Large cracks in the earth. 9.0 and up－Whole cities flattened and large-scale damage. 1．If a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit your area, what might happen? A．Your house might shake violently. B．People might feel no shaking at all. C．The family photo may fall off the wall. D．There might be cracks everywhere on the street. 2．What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2? A．It’s still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes. B．Scientists can’t exactly measure the strength of an earthquake. C．People may ignore foreshocks when an earthquake is not so strong. D．The earthquake won’t cause any damage unless it reaches 9.0 MMS. 3．The writer explains the concepts concerning the earthquake by ________. A．listing examples B．giving explanations C．making comparisons D．offering data 4．The passage is written mainly to ________. A．enrich people’s knowledge of self-rescue in disasters B．stress the importance of earthquake rescue C．issue early warnings before an earthquake D．present facts about the earthquake 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于地震的相关事实，如地震产生的原因、大地震前后会有小地震、地震波的含义、地震强度的测量方式以及不同级别的地震可能会发生的一些事情。 1．细节理解题。根据题干中的“5.0-magnitude earthquake”定位到文章第四段中的例子描述部分，其中提到“5.0－If you are in a car, it may shake. Glasses and dishes may rattle. Windows may break. (5.0级地震——如果你在车里，车可能会摇晃。玻璃杯和盘子可能会哐啷作响（发出碰撞声）。窗户可能会破碎)”可知，5.0级地震会导致车摇晃，玻璃杯和盘子等物品晃动、发生碰撞与以及窗户破裂，结合选项，家庭照片由于晃动从墙上掉下是有可能的；C选项“The family photo may fall off the wall.(这张家庭照片可能会从墙上掉下来。)”符合题意 。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线句前面的内容“Generally before and after a large earthquake there will be smaller earthquakes. The ones that happen before are called foreshocks. The ones that happen after are called aftershocks.(一般来说，在一次大地震发生之前和之后，都会出现一些较小的地震。发生在震前的地震被称为前震，而发生在震后的地震则被称为余震。)”；同时根据划线句“Scientists don’t really know if an earthquake is a foreshock until the bigger earthquake occurs. (科学家在更大的地震发生之前，真的不知道一场地震是否是前震)”可知，在主震发生之前，科学家难以准确判断之前的小震是否为前震，直到大地震发生，科学家才真正知道这次地震是否是前震，故划线句意味着：在主震发生之前，科学家难以准确判断之前的小震是否为前震。A选项“It’s still hard to tell foreshocks from main earthquakes.(仍然很难区分前震和主震)”准确表达了原文的意思。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.(这些板块在很长一段时间内缓慢移动。有时被称为断层线的边缘会被卡住，但板块仍在移动。在边缘被卡住的地方，压力开始慢慢增大，一旦压力足够大，板块就会突然移动，引起地震)”可知，作者在解释地震发生的原因时，作者详细描述了板块运动、断层线卡住、压力积聚等过程，因此作者是通过解释原因的论证方式来解释有关地震的概念。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Earthquakes usually happen on the edges of large sections of the Earth’s plates. These plates slowly move over a long period of time. Sometimes the edges, which are called fault lines, can get stuck, but the plates keep moving. Pressure slowly starts to build up where the edges are stuck and, once the pressure gets strong enough, the plates will suddenly move causing an earthquake.(地震通常发生在地球板块边缘区域。这些板块在很长一段时间内缓慢移动。有时板块边缘（被称为断层线）会卡住不动，但板块仍会继续移动。当板块边缘卡住时，压力会逐渐累积起来，一旦压力达到足够大，板块就会突然移动，从而引发地震。)”以及通读全文，全文主要围绕地震这一主题展开，介绍了地震的发生原因、前震和余震的概念、地震大小的测量方法以及不同震级地震可能造成的影响等事实性信息。可知，文章目的是为了陈述关于地震的一些事实。故选D。 Passage 2 （2027年高二期中模拟）When I was young, I loved paper cutting and I was pretty good at it. As I grew up, I became busy and didn’t have much time for it. Later, I stopped doing it. However, the news I came across online touched my heart and changed my mind. A little girl from Jieyang, Guangdong was practicing lion dance when a professional lion dance performance team (专业舞狮表演队) passed by. As soon as they saw the girl practicing, they started to beat drums and gongs for her and quickly she did a lion dance in return. People around all cheered for her. Her love for the ancient Chinese culture evoked my strong memories of paper cutting. I remembered the happy times of making paper cuttings with my teacher and friends in the club. When I was ten, I joined the paper cutting club. Every Monday and Friday, I learned to make paper cuttings there. Our teacher, Ms. Li, was very talented. With a pair of scissors and a piece of paper, she could create lively works (作品). That amazed us. And we learned much from her. Together, we created lots of works. They covered many topics, including animals, flowers and things about Chinese history. Every time we held a paper cutting show, our works attracted many visitors. The girl in the news encouraged me to go on with paper cutting. I want to be an inheritor (继承者) of the ancient Chinese culture. Together with other inheritors, I hope to pass down our excellent culture. 5．What did the girl do after the team began to beat drums and gongs for her? A．She watched their show carefully. B．She did a lion dance in return. C．She cheered for the team. D．She made a paper cutting for the team. 6．The underlined word “evoked” means “ ” in Paragraph 2. A．brought back B．took away C．cut off D．depended on 7．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The long history of paper cutting. B．The steps of making paper cuttings. C．The writer’s happy times of making paper cuttings. D．The writer’s plans for setting up a paper cutting club. 8．Which of the following is TRUE? A．The writer wasn’t good at paper cutting at a young age. B．Now the writer practices paper cutting twice a week. C．The writer hopes to be an inheritor of paper cutting. D．After watching the news, the writer decided to learn lion dance. 【答案】5．B 6．A 70．C 8．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者看到小女孩对于中国传统文化的热爱后会想起自己在剪纸社团里开心的时光，也立志成为一名中国传统文化的继承者。 5．细节理解题。第二段提到“As soon as they saw the girl practicing, they started to beat drums and gongs for her and quickly she did a lion dance in return.”（他们一看到女孩在练习，就开始为她敲锣打鼓，很快她就跳了一个舞狮作为回报。）由此判断，小女孩快速地跳了一个狮子舞来回报他们。故选B。 6．词义猜测题。划线词后第三段提到“I remembered the happy times of making paper cuttings with my teacher and friends in the club.”（我记得在俱乐部里和老师、朋友们一起做剪纸的快乐时光。）以及划线词后文“my strong memories of paper cutting”（我对剪纸的强烈记忆）由此判断，作者看到小女孩对于传统文化的热爱的时候，也回忆起了自己之前在剪纸社团里开心的时光。划线词应为“回忆起”。A. brought back使回忆起；B. took away拿走；C. cut off切断；中断；D. depended on依靠。A项与划线词意思相近。故选A。 7．主旨大意题。第三段提到“I remembered the happy times of making paper cuttings with my teacher and friends in the club.”（我记得在俱乐部里和老师、朋友们一起做剪纸的快乐时光。）由此判断，第三段主要描述了作者在剪纸俱乐部与老师和朋友们制作纸艺品的快乐时光。故选C。 8．细节理解题。文章最后一句提到“I want to be an inheritor (继承者) of the ancient Chinese culture. Together with other inheritors, I hope to pass down our excellent culture.”（我想成为中国文化的传承人。我希望和其他传承人一起，把我们优秀的文化传承下去。）由此判断，作者希望成为中国传统文化的继承者，把优秀的文化传承下去。C项正确。故选C。 Passage 3 （福建闽侯县第一中学2026届适应性测试）If you love art then, “Picasso” is going to speak a lot. Modern art is a result of Picasso’s work and he stands as a legendary figure in its birth. Pablo Picasso was born in Madrid on October 25, 1881. Picasso wasn’t just a painter of his time, he was an exceptional painter and his expertise didn’t just stop there. He was a sculptor, printmaker and stage designer. Due to his amazing skills and talent, he became an outstanding figure in all of these fields. Picasso received training from his father who himself was an art teacher and a painter as well. Just at the age of 16, Picasso had already lost a liking to traditional art techniques and he desired to introduce something new. He began to experiment with different styles of art. Most of his life was spent in Paris, which was a city to be in if you were an artist in the early 20th century. During his stay in Paris, he became friends with Guillaume Apollinaire, Georges Braque, and Max Jacob. All of them were influential artists and writers of the time and they quickly became close friends. With time, Picasso’s style continued to evolve. He explored different grounds like still life, portraits, mythological scenes, and landscapes. His work was bold and he always preferred to use innovative perspective. Picasso also excelled in other forms of art. He also produced sculptures, and collages, and even took an interest in theatrical productions. His most famous work was “Guernica”, a typical example of cubist (立体主义的) style. He produced this in response to the Spanish Civil War when the town of Guernica suffered a horrifying bombing. To this day, his work is an iconic representation of war horrors. On April 8, 1973, Picasso passed away in the city of Mougins, France. He left behind a legacy of art that is celebrated still to this day. 9. Which of the following best describes Picasso? A. Gifted. B. Energetic. C. Greedy. D. Efficient. 10. What can be inferred about Picasso’s early life and education? A. He had no interest in art. B. He spent his entire life in Spain. C. He preferred traditional art techniques. D. He was trained by his father, an art teacher. 11. Which city played the most crucial role in Picasso’s artistic development and why? A. Madrid, because it was his birthplace. B. Paris, because it was a center for artists in the early 20th century. C. Mougins, because it was where he passed away. D. Guernica, because it inspired his most famous work. 12. What is a suitable title for the text? A. The Life of a Spanish Actor: Picasso’s Journey B. Picasso: A Revolutionary Artist in Modern Art C. From Traditional to Cubist: Picasso’s Artistic Evolution D. Paris and Picasso: The City that Shaped an Artist 【答案】9. A 10. D 11. B 12. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是毕加索的生平及其对现代艺术的革命性贡献，探讨他如何成为立体主义的代表人物和20世纪最具影响力的艺术家之一。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Picasso wasn’t just a painter of his time, he was an exceptional painter and his expertise didn’t just stop there. He was a sculptor, printmaker and stage designer. Due to his amazing skills and talent, he became an outstanding figure in all of these fields.(毕加索不仅仅是他那个时代的画家，他是一位杰出的画家，他的专长并不止于此。他是一位雕刻家、版画家和舞台设计师。由于他惊人的技能和天赋，他成为所有这些领域的杰出人物。)”以及第三段中的“With time, Picasso’s style continued to evolve. He explored different grounds like still life, portraits, mythological scenes, and landscapes. His work was bold and he always preferred to use innovative perspective. Picasso also excelled in other forms of art. He also produced sculptures, and collages, and even took an interest in theatrical productions.(随着时间的推移，毕加索的风格不断演变。他探索了静物、肖像、神话场景和风景等不同的领域。他的作品大胆，他总是喜欢使用创新的视角。毕加索在其他艺术形式上也很出色。他还制作雕塑和拼贴画，甚至对戏剧作品也很感兴趣。)”可知，毕加索不仅是画家，还是雕塑家，版画家和舞台设计师，而且他的作品风格不断演变，探索了不同领域，如静物、肖像、神话场景和风景等，体现了他在各个不同的领域都具有天赋，由此可知，毕加索是一个有天赋的人。故选A项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Picasso received training from his father who himself was an art teacher and a painter as well. (毕加索接受了他父亲的训练，他父亲本身也是一名艺术教师和画家。)”可知，Picasso的父亲是一位艺术教师和画家，Picasso从他那里接受了训练，由此可知，他的父亲是一名美术老师。故选D项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most of his life was spent in Paris, which was a city to be in if you were an artist in the early 20th century. (他的大部分时间都是在巴黎度过的，如果你是20世纪初的艺术家，那是一个必去的城市。)”可知，如果是20世纪初的艺术家，巴黎是一个必去的城市，而毕加索大部分时间在巴黎度过，由此可知，巴黎对毕加索的艺术发展很重要，因为它是20世纪早期艺术家的中心。故选B项。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“If you love art then, “Picasso” is going to speak a lot. Modern art is a result of Picasso’s work and he stands as a legendary figure in its birth. Pablo Picasso was born in Madrid on October 25, 1881.(如果你热爱艺术，那么“毕加索”就能说明很多问题。现代艺术是毕加索作品的产物，他是现代艺术诞生的传奇人物。巴勃罗·毕加索于1881年10月25日出生于马德里。)”和尾段“On April 8, 1973, Picasso passed away in the city of Mougins, France. He left behind a legacy of art that is celebrated still to this day.(1973年4月8日，毕加索在法国穆甘市去世。他留下的艺术遗产至今仍被人们称颂。)”以及文章介绍的毕加索在现代艺术中的重要地位和他的艺术成就，以及他的艺术风格的演变等可知，“毕加索：现代艺术的革命艺术家”可以概括本文的主题，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 4 （福建闽侯县第一中学2026届适应性测试）Native to southwest China, pandas are famous for their love of bamboo, spending up to 16hours a day consuming this fast-growing plant. Pandas have puzzled biologists for decades with their bamboo-only diet. Despite having digestive systems typical of meat-consuming animals, pandas have adapted to a diet that is almost entirely plant-based. A recent study published in the journal Frontiers by researchers from China West Normal University demonstrates how this is possible. The study reveals that bamboo contains microRNA (miRNA), a genetic material that pandas absorb into their bloodstream. This miRNA plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, influencing pandas’ growth, behavior and immune (免疫) responses. Dr. Li Feng, a senior author of the study, explains in a statement that miRNA also affects pandas’ sense of smell, taste, and dopamine (多巴胺) pathways, all of which are closely linked to their feeding habits. The researchers believe that by the time a baby panda grows up,it will develop the ability to pick the freshest and most nutritious bamboo, which enables them to adapt to a plant-based diet. The research team analyzed blood samples from six pandas, identifying 57 kinds of miRNAs likely coming from bamboo. These findings suggest that miRNA is key to pandas’ adaptation to their unique diet. The study also highlights the potential broader implications of this discovery. By understanding how plant miRNA affects animals, scientists may be able to develop new treatments or preventive measures for diseases. The panda’s diet consists almost entirely of bamboo leaves, stems and shoots. And only about 1% of their food comes from other plants, according to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). This research not only deepens our understanding of pandas but also opens new ways for exploring the interactions between plant and animal biology. 13. What aspect of pandas is focused on in the research? A. Physical growth. B. Social behavior. C. Hunting strategies. D. Genetic adaptation. 14. How do pandas adapt to their plant-based diet over time? A. By learning to select bamboo. B. By increasing their consumption. C. By reducing their reliance on plants. D. By developing stronger digestive systems. 15. What may be the positive impact of the finding in the future? A. Increasing the panda population. B. Developing new medical treatments. C. Changing pandas’ digestive systems. D. Improving bamboo planting techniques. 16. What is the author’s attitude towards the outcome of the study? A. Curious. B. Critical. C. Optimistic. D. Doubtful. 【答案】13. D 14. A 15. B 16. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国科学家关于大熊猫食竹习性的最新研究发现。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Despite having digestive systems typical of meat-consuming animals, pandas have adapted to a diet that is almost entirely plant-based.(尽管熊猫的消化系统是肉食动物的典型特征，但它们已经适应了几乎完全以植物为基础的饮食。)”可知，文章主要讲述了中国西部师范大学的研究人员发表在《前沿》杂志上的一项研究，揭示了熊猫尽管有典型的肉食动物消化系统，却能适应几乎全是植物性食物的饮食的原因，即竹子中的微小核糖核酸（miRNA）被熊猫吸收进入血液，在调节基因表达方面起着关键作用，影响着熊猫的生长、行为和免疫反应等，这属于基因适应方面的内容。故选D项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers believe that by the time a baby panda grows up, it will develop the ability to pick the freshest and most nutritious bamboo, which enables them to adapt to a plant-based diet.(研究人员认为，当熊猫宝宝长大后，它将发展出挑选最新鲜、最有营养的竹子的能力，这使它们能够适应以植物为基础的饮食。)”可知，研究人员认为当熊猫宝宝长大后，它将发展出挑选最新鲜、最有营养竹子的能力，这使它们能够适应植物性饮食。故选A项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By understanding how plant miRNA affects animals, scientists may be able to develop new treatments or preventive measures for diseases.(通过了解植物miRNA如何影响动物，科学家们可能能够开发出新的治疗方法或疾病预防措施。)”可知，通过了解植物微小核糖核酸（miRNA）如何影响动物，科学家可能能够开发出治疗或预防疾病的新方法。故选B项。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This research not only deepens our understanding of pandas but also opens new ways for exploring the interactions between plant and animal biology.(这项研究不仅加深了我们对大熊猫的认识，也为探索植物和动物生物学之间的相互作用开辟了新的途径。)”可知，作者认为这项研究不仅加深了我们对熊猫的理解，还为探索植物和动物生物学之间的相互作用开辟了新途径，同时提到了对疾病治疗的潜在意义，由此可推断作者对这项研究的结果持乐观态度。故选C项。 Passage 5 （福建闽侯县第一中学2026届适应性测试）We are faced with increasing pressure to make sensible decisions about every aspect of our lives — from choosing the healthiest breakfast option to finding a school or university to attend. Make the correct choice and you can give yourself a pat on the back. ____17____ Psychologists have found that people’s approaches to decision-making tend to fit into one of two categories. You are either a maximiser — a person who strives to make a choice that will give them the maximum benefit later on — or a satisfier, whose choices are determined by more modest criteria and nothing more. Given that maximisers task themselves with making the most informed, intelligent decisions, we might expect that the outcome of their approach would be superior. This assumption, however, has been contradicted by numerous studies. Studies have found that maximisers are often less effective in a decision-making environment. They tend to exhaust all options in search of the perfect choice.____18____ Setting unachievable goals may itself get in the way of making good decisions. ____19____ The abundance of alternatives can overwhelm even the most diligent decision-makers. In The Paradox of Choice, U.S. psychologist Barry Schwartz looked at the proliferation (激增) of choices that are available to us in our everyday lives. He found that an increased range of options does not necessarily lead to higher satisfaction with the outcome of a decision.____20____ Maximisers tend to experience a sense of “buyer’s regret” following a decision, doubting whether it was correct, and imagining how life would have been had they chosen a different path.____21____ While a maximising approach might seem an optimal approach to decision-making, our energy may be better spent satisficing and appreciating what we have, rather than what we might have had. A. Make a bad decision and you can be left with feelings of regret. B. We are often overwhelmed by the abundance of choices we face. C. A satisficer is usually much more efficient and mentally less burdened. D. This problem is especially pronounced in a world where options seem endless. E. By contrast, a satisficer accepts his choice as good enough, even if it’s not the best. F. In other words, maximisers struggle to stop searching despite a good enough option. G. If anything, choice may in fact limit our ability to enjoy and appreciate what we have. 【答案】17. A 18. F 19. D 20. G 21. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍做决定的两种类型，最大化者和满足者，指出前者易因追求完美陷入困境，后者更易获得满足。 【17题详解】 根据前文“Make the correct choice and you can give yourself a pat on the back. (做出正确的选择，你可以为自己感到自豪。)”可知，前文讲述了做出正确选择的结果，此空应承接上文讲述做出错误选择的相反结果，A选项“Make a bad decision and you can be left with feelings of regret. (做出糟糕的决定，你会留下后悔的感觉。)”与前文句式一致，形成正反对比，符合语境。故选A项。 【18题详解】 根据前文“They tend to exhaust all options in search of the perfect choice. (他们倾向于穷尽所有选择以寻找完美的答案。)”以及后文“Setting unachievable goals may itself get in the way of making good decisions. (设定无法实现的目标本身可能会阻碍做出正确的决定。)”可知，前文说明最大化者追求完美、穷尽选择的特点，此空应进一步解释这一特点，F选项“In other words, maximisers struggle to stop searching despite a good enough option. (换句话说，即使有足够好的选择，最大化者也难以停止寻找。)”是对前文内容的同义转述，且与后文的不良影响相衔接，符合语境。故选F项。 【19题详解】 根据前文“Setting unachievable goals may itself get in the way of making good decisions. (设定无法实现的目标本身可能会阻碍做出正确的决定。)”以及后文“The abundance of alternatives can overwhelm even the most diligent decision-makers. (大量的选择甚至会让最勤奋的决策者感到不知所措。)”可知，前文讲述了最大化者因追求完美出现的决策问题，此空应承接上文说明该问题的凸显场景，D选项“This problem is especially pronounced in a world where options seem endless. (这个问题在一个选择似乎无穷无尽的世界里尤为突出。)”中的This problem指代前文最大化者的决策问题，且衔接后文的大量选择相关内容，符合语境。故选D项。 【20题详解】 根据前文“He found that an increased range of options does not necessarily lead to higher satisfaction with the outcome of a decision. (他发现，选择范围的扩大并不一定能让人对决策结果更满意。)”可知，前文说明更多选择未必带来更高满意度，此空应承接上文进一步说明选择过多的负面影响，G选项“If anything, choice may in fact limit our ability to enjoy and appreciate what we have. (事实上，选择反而可能限制我们享受和珍惜所拥有事物的能力。)”是对前文研究发现的进一步阐释，符合语境。故选G项。 【21题详解】 根据前文“Maximisers tend to experience a sense of “buyer’s regret” following a decision, doubting whether it was correct, and imagining how life would have been had they chosen a different path. (最大化者在做出决定后往往会产生“买家懊悔”的感觉，怀疑决定是否正确，想象如果选择不同的道路生活会是怎样。)”可知，前文讲述了最大化者做决定后的心理状态，此空应通过对比讲述满足者的相反状态，E选项“By contrast, a satisficer accepts his choice as good enough, even if it’s not the best. (相比之下，满足者会接受自己的选择，认为它足够好，即使它不是最好的。)”中的By contrast体现对比关系，且与前文最大化者的心理形成鲜明对照，符合语境。故选E项。 Passage 6 （2027年高二期中模拟）While Ashley Jose was shopping at a bookstore, a self help book caught her eye. The 27-year-old 22____the book Girl, Stop Apologizing, and began reading it when she got home. After reading for a few minutes, she 23____something falling out from the book. It was five dollars! “Wait, what is happening?” Ashley wondered. She looked through the book, and in one of the last 24____, there was a Post-it note that 25____: “To the person who buys the book: I am having a 26____day. I thought maybe I could brighten someone else’s day with this little 27____. Go buy a cup of coffee or some desserts, and practice some self-care today. Remember that you are loved, you are amazing and you are strong. — Lisa.” Ashley decided to post a photo of the Post-it note and five dollars from Lisa on Twitter and it spread 28____. After seeing the Post-it note and the 29____, many people promised their own random (随意的) acts of 30____within a week. “At that moment, I realize that I have the 31____to share more stories about good deeds in my daily life. I’m very happy to 32____people who did something good for strangers,” Ashley said “The ripple effect (连锁反应) is pretty 33____”. After seeing her Twitter post, Lisa mailed Ashley a postcard. “Lisa said my Twitter post made her cry in a good way,” said Ashley. But Lisa still didn’t 34____who she was. According to her postcard, it had been a difficult time for her and she just wanted to create something 35____of course, she never really 36____to see such a great ripple effect. 22．A．packed B．bought C．borrowed D．collected 23．A．noticed B．painted C．kicked D．dropped 24．A．lines B．words C．pages D．papers 25．A．wrote B．read C．told D．talked 26．A．hard B．lucky C．simple D．relaxing 27．A．card B．smile C．letter D．surprise 28．A．secretly B．easily C．obviously D．rapidly 29．A．letter B．check C．note D．novel 30．A．kindness B．honesty C．talent D．wisdom 31．A．patience B．confidence C．responsibility D．pressure 32．A．search for B．learn from C．live with D．hear about 33．A．awkward B．unbelievable C．reasonable D．unattractive 34．A．find out B．give away C．care about D．make sure 35．A．convenient B．impressive C．similar D．positive 36．A．attempted B．asked C．expected D．liked 【答案】22．B　23．A　24．C　25．B　26．A　27．D　28．D　29．C　30．A　31．C　32．D　33．B　34．B　35．D　36．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Ashley买书阅读时发现Lisa留的钱和便条，引发连锁反应。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位27岁的女孩买下了《女孩，别再道歉了》这本书，回家后就开始阅读。A. packed打包；B. bought买；C. borrowed借；D. collected收集。根据前文“While Ashley Jose was shopping at a bookstore, a self help book caught her eye.”可知，Ashley在书店购物时看到了这本书，所以应该是买下了这本书。故选B。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：读了几分钟后，她注意到有东西从书里掉了出来。A. noticed注意到；B. painted画；C. kicked踢；D. dropped掉下。根据后文“something falling out from the book”可知，Ashley应该是注意到了有东西从书里掉了出来。故选A。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她翻阅着那本书，在书的末页中发现了一张便利贴，上面写着：“致买下这本书的人：我今天过得不太顺心。我想，或许我能用这点小惊喜让别人的日子变得明亮一些。今天去买杯咖啡或者来点甜点吧，好好照顾自己。请记住，有人爱着你，你很棒，而且你很坚强。——莉莎”A. lines线，字行；B. words单词；C. pages页；D. papers论文。根据前文“She looked through the book”可知，Ashley翻阅了这本书，所以此处应该是指书中的某一页。故选C。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. wrote写；B. read写着；C. told告诉；D. talked交谈。根据后文便签上的内容可知，此处应该是指便签上写着什么，read此处表示“写着”，符合语境。故选B。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. hard艰难的；B. lucky幸运的；C. simple简单的；D. relaxing放松的。根据最后一段“According to her postcard, it had been a difficult time for her ”可知，根据Lisa的明信片，那段时间对她来说很艰难。故选A。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. card卡片；B. smile微笑；C. letter信；D. surprise惊喜。根据前文“It was five dollars!”可知，Lisa在书里夹了五美元，这对于买书的人来说应该是一个小惊喜。故选D。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ashley决定在推特上发布一张便签和Lisa的五美元的照片，照片迅速传播开来。A. secretly秘密地；B. easily容易地；C. obviously明显地；D. rapidly迅速地。根据后文“After seeing the Post-it note and the 29 , many people promised their own random (随意的) acts of 30 within a week.”可知，很多人看到了这张便签，说明照片传播得很快。故选D。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到这张便签和五美元后，许多人承诺在一周内做出自己的善举。A. letter信；B. check支票；C. note便签；D. novel小说。根据前文“Ashley decided to post a photo of the Post-it note and five dollars from Lisa on Twitter”可知，人们看到的是便签和五美元的照片。故选C。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到这张便签和五美元后，许多人承诺在一周内做出自己的善举。A. kindness善良；B. honest诚实；C. talent天赋；D. wisdom智慧。根据前文Lisa在书里夹钱并留言鼓励别人的行为，以及后文Ashley说“I realize that I have the 31 to share more stories about good deeds in my daily life.”可知，此处应该是指人们承诺做出善举。故选A。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“在那一刻，我意识到我有责任分享更多关于我日常生活中善举的故事。我很高兴听到有人为陌生人做了好事，”Ashley说，“这种连锁反应真的很不可思议。”A. patience耐心；B. confidence信心；C. responsibility责任；D. pressure压力。根据后文“I’m very happy to 32 people who did something good for strangers”可知，Ashley很高兴听到有人为陌生人做了好事，所以她觉得自己有责任分享这些故事。故选C。 32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. search for搜索；B. learn from向……学习；C. live with与……一起生活；D. hear about听说。根据前文“many people promised their own random (随意的) acts of 30 within a week”可知，很多人承诺做出善举，所以Ashley应该是很高兴听到这些好消息。故选D。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. awkward尴尬的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. reasonable合理的；D. unattractive不吸引人的。根据前文“it spread rapidly”以及Ashley的惊讶可知，这种连锁反应是令人难以置信的。故选B。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但 Lisa 仍然没有透露自己是谁。A. find out查明，找出；B. give away透露；C. care about关心；D. make sure确保。根据后文“According to her postcard, it had been a difficult time for her and she just wanted to create something 35 of course, she never really 36 to see such a great ripple effect.”可知，Lisa只是想做点好事，并没有想要透露自己是谁。故选B。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据她的明信片，那段时间对她来说很艰难，她只是想创造一些积极的东西，当然，她从来没有真正期待过会有如此巨大的连锁反应。A. convenient方便的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. similar相似的；D. positive积极的。根据前文Lisa在书里夹钱并留言鼓励别人的行为可知，她想创造一些积极的东西。故选D。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. attempted尝试；B. asked问；C. expected期待；D. liked喜欢。根据前文“But Lisa still didn’t 34 who she was.”可知，Lisa并没有想要知道是谁分享了她的故事，说明她并没有期待会有如此巨大的连锁反应。故选C。 Passage 7 （2027年高二期中模拟）Tu Youyou is universally acknowledged as a scientist of great 37____(achieve). Born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. In 1967, she was chosen into a research team 38____was formed by the government with the aim of discovering a new treatment 39____malaria and two years later she became the head of the project in Beijing. She and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical texts, 40____(evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical properties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. As a 41____(commit) and patient scientist, she never acknowledged defeat 42____(careful) thinking and research work. She drew 43____conclusion that _____44__(boil) the sweet wormwood destroyed 45____(it) medical properties. So she used a lower temperature 46____(draw) out the extract and finally she succeeded. 【答案】37．achievement　38．that/which　39．for　40．evaluated　41．committed　42．boiling　43．more careful　44．a　45．its　46．to draw 【解析】 37．考查名词。句意：屠呦呦被公认为一位成就斐然的科学家。分析句式结构可知，of 后接抽象名词表示某人或某物具有的某种特征或性质。故填achievement。 38．考查定语从句。句意：1967年，她被选入一个由政府组织的研究小组，该小组旨在发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法。两年后，她成为北京该项目的负责人。分析句式结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a research team，因为从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导。故填that或which。 39．考查介词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处用介词for构成固定搭配，a new treatment for malaria 意为“一种治疗疟疾的新疗法”。故填for。 40．考查动词时态。句意：她和她的队友研究了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物的药用特性，并测试了380种不同的中国古代医学方法，这些方法在对抗疟疾方面表现出了希望。分析句式结构可知，设空处和句中的examined、tested作并列谓语，应用一般过去时。故填evaluated。 41．考查形容词。句意：作为一名有献身精神和耐心的科学家，她遇到任何困难都不承认失败。分析句式结构可知，此处用形容词committed意为“尽心尽力的”，和patient一起作scientist的定语。故填committed。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：在煮沸艾草无法提取出有用的提取物后，她开始了更加仔细的思考和研究工作。分析句意可知，by doing sth.意为“通过做某事”，by 为介词，后接动名词。故填boiling。 43．考查形容词的比较级。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处指她开始了更加仔细的思考和研究工作，含有比较的意思，且前面有even修饰。故填more careful。 44．考查冠词。句意：她得出结论，煮沸青蒿会破坏其药用价值。分析句意可知，此处用不定冠词a构成固定搭配draw a conclusion that...表示“得出一个……的结论”。故填a。 45．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处指破坏了它的药用性能，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 46．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以她用较低的温度提取出了提取物，最后她成功了。分析句意可知，此处用动词不定式构成固定搭配use sth. to do sth.表示“使用某物做某事”。故填to draw。 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. Laughter ____________________（被公认为是一种有效的减压方式） by many scientists.（被动语态 + recognise） 2. It is the sense of humour ____________________（使他能与不同文化背景的人交朋友）.（强调句型 + make friends） 3. ____________________（尽管幽默在文化间存在差异）, physical comedy seems to have universal appeal.（让步状语从句） 4. Not until I read the article ____________________（我才意识到笑声对健康有多么重要）.（not until 倒装句） 5. The comedian ____________________（以其机智的幽默而闻名） delivered a performance that left the audience in stitches.（定语从句 + be known for） 【答案】 1. is recognised as an effective way to reduce stress 2. that enables him to make friends with people from different cultural backgrounds 3. Although humour differs from culture to culture 4. did I realise how important laughter is to health 5. who is known for his witty humour 二、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom最近因为考试压力大而心情低落。请你给他写一封回信，建议他通过幽默和欢笑来缓解压力。内容包括：1. 表示理解与关心；2. 介绍幽默/笑的益处（至少两点）；3. 给出具体建议（至少两条）。 注意：1. 词数80-100；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3. 条理清晰，语言连贯。 Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you've been feeling stressed about your exams. Here are some suggestions. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope these suggestions will help. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you've been feeling stressed about your exams. Here are some suggestions. First, laughter is a natural stress reliever. When you laugh, your brain releases endorphins, which can instantly lift your mood and reduce anxiety. Second, sharing a good laugh with friends can strengthen your social bonds, making you feel less alone during tough times. I suggest you watch some comedy shows or read humorous books during your breaks. Also, try sharing funny stories with your classmates. A good laugh can refresh your mind, boost your energy, and improve your study efficiency. I hope these suggestions will help. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua $