Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Integrated skills（配套课件PPT）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

该高中英语课件围绕“化学耕作与有机耕作”主题，通过课文整体理解题夯实文本主旨与细节认知，衔接听力变式训练（高考选择+精听填空）强化信息获取能力，再以写作技法指导（观点型文章结构+常用表达+分步演练）搭建从输入到输出的学习支架，帮助学生系统构建知识脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，听力训练兼顾应试与精听，写作指导通过“审题谋篇-遣词造句-句式升级”步骤提升表达逻辑，如用定语从句改写句子强化语法应用。这一设计既助学生提升听说写综合技能，又为教师提供清晰教学路径，提高课堂效率。

Section Ⅳ Integrated skills Working the land Unit 2 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　听力变式训练 Part 3　写作技法指导 训练3 整体理解 课文 3 1.What is the passage mainly about? A.An introduction to chemical farming. B.The benefits of using chemicals in farming. C.The downsides of using chemicals in farming. D.The reasons why farmers use chemicals in farming. √ 2.What is the main advantage of using chemicals in farming? A.It saves money. B.It makes crops grow healthier. C.It has a good impact on the soil. D.It brings immediate effects for both plant growth and protection. √ 3.What can we know from the passage? A.Chemicals are easy and quick to break down. B.People can get rid of the damage when using chemicals. C.Using chemicals has both advantages and disadvantages. D.Chemicals don’t cause damage to the environment and humans. √ 4.What is the author’s attitude to the use of chemicals in farming? A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Skeptical. D.Objective. √ 返 回 变式训练 听力 8 Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式) Listen to the interview on P23 and choose the best answer. 1.Why do organic crops taste better? A.They recycle animal waste. B.They reduce chemicals. C.They produce more natural，healthy compounds. √ 2.What happens when soil microorganisms break down organic materials? A.Pests are killed. B.Nutrients go into the soil. C.Animal habitats are safely maintained. √ 3.How does Sarah feel about the interview? A.She is glad that she has learnt a lot from the interview. B.She is worried that organic farming might affect crop yields. C.She is grateful to Mr Zhao for his efforts at organic farming. √ Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练) Listen to the interview on P23 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Sarah：Good morning，Mr Zhao! Thanks for agreeing to do this interview.Here’s my first question：what exactly is 1. ? Mr Zhao：Good morning，Sarah.Well，organic farming is an eco­friendly practice that aims to 2. farming’s overall environmental impact and 3. food quality as well as consumers’ health. Sarah：What distinguishes it from 4. ? organic farming reduce improve chemical farming Mr Zhao：Organic farming focuses on 5. waste and 6.________ the use of chemicals.For example，we recycle animal waste into natural fertilizer. Sarah：So，organic farming 7. food that is chemical­-free，but does organic food really taste better? Mr Zhao：Certainly! Organic farming actually 8. of crops by letting them produce more natural，healthy compounds. Chemicals tend to reduce these healthy compounds. Sarah：I see.Besides better-­tasting food，what else makes organic farming attractive? recycling avoiding produces enhances the taste Mr Zhao：Well，better ecological practices help 9.___________________ for nature’s own pest control organisms.Also，by not using chemical fertilizers，soil microorganisms can freely 10. organic materials to release nutrients into the soil.Thus，organic farming tries to work with nature，not 11. it. Sarah：That sounds great! It seems there are quite a lot of benefits.Are there any 12. of farming in this way? maintain safe habitats break down against downsides Mr Zhao：Yes，there are.Organic farming requires 13.____________________ .As organic farmers，we must be very knowledgeable about nature，the crops we are growing，as well as natural methods for controlling pests and managing soil nutrients. Sarah：Do organic farming methods affect your 14. ? Mr Zhao：Yes.Without the use of chemicals，we may lose more crops to diseases or pests.However，our main focus is not just on producing high yields but on 15. ，while protecting the natural environment. Sarah：Mr Zhao，thanks for enlightening me about organic farming. specialized knowledge and skills crop yields growing quality food 返 回 技法指导 写作 16 本单元的写作目标是“发表观点”，要求学生就化学耕作和有机耕作展开讨论，然后就自己所选择的耕作方式写一篇文章。其实质是观点型文章。观点型文章主要对两种截然不同的观点进行论证，阐明两种观点的利弊，或者选择其中一种观点加以论证说明，并呼吁人们支持这种观点。这种文体在体裁上属于议论文，因此，文章要旗帜鲜明、论据充分，语言要措辞严谨、逻辑性强。 篇章结构 注意事项 1.在写作时，首先要明确自己的观点，且态度要鲜明，不能模棱两可。 2.围绕观点多角度论证时，论据要确切、充分，要有说服力。 3.最后在做出结论时要照应上面自己的观点，做到观点和结论前后一致，且注意结论性语句的严谨性。 常用表达 1.开头 (1)I’d like to express my views about... 我想表达我对……的看法。 (2)In my opinion/As far as I’m concerned...就我而言…… (3)When it comes to...，most people believe that...当谈到……时，大多数人认为…… 2.主体 (1)...has many advantages.For one thing，...；for another，... ……有许多优点。一方面，……； 另一方面，…… (2)The advantages of...are obvious. ……的优点是显而易见的。 (3)Nevertheless，the downsides of...are obvious. 然而，……的缺点是显而易见的。 3.结尾 (1)To conclude，it is important to weigh the pros and cons of... 总之，权衡……的利弊很重要。 (2)All in all，I favour...总之，我赞成…… (3)I do hope more and more people will... 我确实希望越来越多的人将…… 假如你是李华，你班就化学耕作和有机耕作进行了讨论，请你就选择化学耕作还是有机耕作写一篇文章来阐述自己的观点。内容包括： 1.选择化学耕作还是有机耕作； 2.阐述理由； 3.做出结论。 注意：1.词数80个左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 分步演练 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 1.确定文体：这是一篇议论性文章，注意议论文的写作特点。 2.主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3.主体人称：由于是发表观点，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 本文可以分为三部分： 第一部分：引入话题，表明观点。 第二部分：阐述理由。 第三部分：总结全文。重申自己的核心观点，提出希望。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1.有机耕作 _______________ 2.化学耕作 ________________ 3.更适合；更可取 __________ 4.富含营养 _________________ 5.土壤状况 _____________________ 6.相比之下 ___________ 7.对……造成危害 ____________________ 8.超过；超越 _______ organic farming chemical farming preferable be rich in nutrition the condition of the soil by contrast cause damage/harm to exceed [连词成句] 1.因为不使用人造肥料，有机耕作生产出营养丰富的美味食物。 because of not using artificial fertilizers. 2.有机农民用动物的粪便作为天然肥料，这有利于改善土壤状况。 Organic farmers use animal waste as natural fertilizer，and ____________ . Organic farming produces tasty food rich in nutrition this is good for improving the condition of the soil 3.在我看来，农民应该选择有机耕作。我希望将来会有越来越多的农民转向有机耕作。 In my opinion，farmers should choose organic farming.I hope __________ in the future. more and more farmers will turn to organic farming 第三步　句式升级 1.用that引导的定语从句改写句1。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.用非限制性定语从句改写句2。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.用强调句改写句3。 _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Organic farming produces tasty food that is rich in nutrition because of not using artificial fertilizers. Organic farmers use animal waste as natural fertilizer，which is good for improving the condition of the soil. In my opinion，it is organic farming that farmers should choose.I do hope more and more farmers will turn to organic farming in the future. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 Chemical Farming or Organic Farming? Last week our class held a discussion about organic farming and chemical farming.As far as I’m concerned，organic farming is preferable to chemical farming.Here are some reasons. Firstly，organic farming produces tasty food that is rich in nutrition because of not using artificial fertilizers.In addition，organic farmers use animal waste as natural fertilizer，which is good for improving the condition of the soil.Meanwhile，the environment is protected from chemical pollution.By contrast，chemical farming can cause damage/harm to water，soil and ecosystems.So，in the long term，the benefits of organic farming exceed those of chemical farming. To conclude，in my opinion，it is organic farming that farmers should choose.I do hope more and more farmers will turn to organic farming in the future. 返 回 训练3 33 A Today’s Brussels sprouts(抱子甘蓝) taste better than you might remember from childhood，and that is because a new variety has replaced the original vegetable.You can thank plant breeders(植物育种家) for the change.Modern breeders，armed with new gene-editing technology，are looking to reproduce Brussels sprouts’ reinvention. Ⅰ.阅读理解 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过育种来让抱子甘蓝变得没那么苦，这一成功在某种程度上是因为新的基因技术，一些公司开始使用这些工具来应对开发更美味蔬菜的挑战。 34 In the late 1990s，scientists discovered specific chemicals which made Brussels sprouts taste bitter.Plant breeders started growing old seeds，previously abandoned due to poor yields(产量)，to look for tastier versions with lower levels of these specific chemicals.Then they crossed these delicious but low-yield plants with high-yield individuals until they found a version that made plenty of tasty sprouts，transforming the vegetable from a bitter pill into a popular dish. 35 But other vegetables haven’t fared as well.That’s because most breeding decisions favor plant traits that matter to vegetable growers，not vegetable eaters.For instance，disease resistance is probably the major focus these days of most breeding programs because that prevents the farmer from growing the crop.The taste of vegetables is ignored. People，however，are now becoming interested in prioritizing the taste of vegetables thanks in part to new genetic technology such as the gene-snipping technique CRISPR and DNA sequencing which is cheap enough to use widely.“There’s never been a better time to be a fruit breeder or a vegetable breeder because we have more tools and techniques，” says Susan Brown，an apple breeder at Cornell University. 36 Some companies are beginning to use those tools to deal with the challenge of developing tastier vegetables.One company，Pairwise，is fighting the same compounds that troubled Brussels sprouts: glucosinolates.But this time researchers are improving the flavor of salad greens. All vegetable growers hope that more flavorful products on store shelves will convince people to consume the recommended allowances(推荐量) of fruits and vegetables—and do so better than decades of nutritional guidance have.“Don’t waste your time talking about trying to educate people to eat better，” said Harry Klee，a professor who specializes in tomato breeding.“Just give them products that taste better and that they want to eat.” 37 1.Why did plant breeders grow old Brussels sprout seeds? A.To find out why Brussels sprouts are bitter. B.To find the less bitter versions of Brussels sprouts. C.To study the specific chemicals of Brussels sprouts. D.To select high-yielding versions of Brussels sprouts. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Plant breeders started growing old seeds，previously abandoned due to poor yields(产量)，to look for tastier versions with lower levels of these specific chemicals.”可知，植物育种家种植之前那种抱子甘蓝种子是为了寻找不那么苦的抱子甘蓝。故选B。 解析 38 2.What does the underlined word “fared” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Profited. B.Emerged. C.Survived. D.Succeeded. √ 词义猜测题。画线词上文提到种植之前那种抱子甘蓝种子是为了寻找不那么苦的抱子甘蓝且成功找到了，由but表示转折且下文说蔬菜的味道被忽略了可推知，画线词所在句是讲其他的蔬菜在改善味道方面没有成功。故画线词意思是“成功”。故选D。 解析 39 3.What can we learn from Susan Brown’s words in paragraph 4? A.Fruit and vegetable breeding techniques are booming. B.Fruit and vegetable breeding techniques need no further improvement. C.Fruit and vegetable breeders are struggling to develop new species. D.Fruit and vegetable breeders should develop new genetic technology. √ 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，苏珊·布朗的话表明水果和蔬菜育种技术正在蓬勃发展。故选A。 解析 40 4.Which is the best way to get people to eat more fruits and vegetables according to Harry Klee? A.Enhancing the taste of vegetables and fruits. B.Making vegetables and fruits more affordable for people. C.Improving the nutritional content of vegetables and fruits. D.Educating people about the benefits of vegetables and fruits. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Harry Klee说的话可推知，让人们多吃水果和蔬菜的最好方法是改善蔬菜和水果的味道。故选A。 解析 41 B Every four or five years，vast quantities of warm water build up along the west coast of South America.This phenomenon，El Niño(厄尔尼诺)，creates storms that cause devastating floods.The result is costly.In 2017，for instance，El Niño shut down northern Peru’s sugar-cane business. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。在最近发表的一篇论文中，利马太平洋大学的考古学家Ari Caramanica展示了过去的农民是如何做到利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的。文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。 42 Modern farmers view El Niño stoically(坚忍地).They use money saved in good years to rebuild in bad ones.But history suggests it need not be like that.In a paper published recently，Ari Caramanica，an archaeologist at University of the Pacific，in Lima，shows how it used to be done.And the answer seems to be，“better”. 43 Dr Caramanica and her colleagues have been studying the Pampa de Mocan，a coastal desert plain in northern Peru.Pampa de Mocan is not ideal for farming.Its soil contains little organic matter and the annual rainfall in non-Niño years is usually less than two centimetres.Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields. 44 It had been assumed that ancient farmers had a similar arrangement—and so they did.But Dr Caramanica also found eight canals that could carry water far beyond the range of modern farms.Since the climate was similar to the present day’s when these canals were dug，and the river no higher，she supposed that they were intended to guide the floodwater arriving during Niño years.Around a quarter of the ancient agricultural infrastructure (基础设施) of this area seems to have been built only for managing Niño-generated floodwater. 45 Evidence reveals that Pampa de Mocan produced lots of crops in some years.Dr Caramanica’s team also discovered two cisterns (蓄水池) in the area.These，possibly，were used to store floodwater. These findings suggest that，rather than resisting El Niño，early farmers in Pampa de Mocan were ready to make use of it when it arrived.Precisely how they managed their fields in Niño years remains to be discovered.But modern farmers might do well to learn from them. 46 5.What made the farms in Pampa de Mocan productive? A.Rich soil. B.Agreeable climate. C.Abundant rainfall. D.Agricultural constructions. √ 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields.”以及第四段最后一句可知，农业设施使Pampa de Mocan的农场产量高。故选D。 解析 47 6.What’s the author’s attitude to the ancient ways of dealing with El Niño? A.Approving. B.Indifferent. C.Critical. D.Negative. √ 观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段内容可推断作者对于古代处理厄尔尼诺的方法是支持的。故选A。 解析 48 7.What do we know about El Niño from the text? A.It can be used in farming. B.It is usually caused by floods. C.It has little influence on business. D.It is always resisted as a disaster. √ 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，厄尔尼诺可以用于农业。故选A。 解析 49 8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Surviving El Niño B.Living with El Niño C.Farming in Different Times D.Learning from History √ 标题归纳题。本文第三、四、五段介绍了古代农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺的，涉及与厄尔尼诺共生存这一方面，并号召现代农民向他们学习。故选B。 解析 50 The benefits of positive emotions never stop after a few minutes of good feelings go back to normal. Ⅱ.七选五 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了积极情绪对身心所带来的好处以及如何让自己变得积极。 51 1 It will serve to build skills and develop resources for use later in life.Let’s consider a real world example. A.Negative emotions do the opposite. B.However，the skills themselves live on. C.But many of us look at things negatively. D.The biggest benefit is an improved ability. E.That is why the “broaden and build” theory is valuable. F.In this way，positive emotions help to build valuable skills. G.Anything arousing feelings of joy，contentment，and love will do the trick. √ 52 上文说明积极情绪会有持久的好处，下文“It will serve to build skills and develop resources for use later in life.”说明积极情绪可以有助于培养技能，D项“最大的好处是提高了能力”承接上文，并引出下文内容，符合题意。故选D。 解析 53 A child who runs around outside，swinging on branches and playing with friends，develops the ability to move athletically (physical skills)，the ability to play with others and communicate with a team (social skills)，and the ability to explore and examine the world around them (creative skills). 2 A.Negative emotions do the opposite. B.However，the skills themselves live on. C.But many of us look at things negatively. D.The biggest benefit is an improved ability. E.That is why the “broaden and build” theory is valuable. F.In this way，positive emotions help to build valuable skills. G.Anything arousing feelings of joy，contentment，and love will do the trick. √ 54 本段上文说明孩子在外面玩可以培养各种不同的能力和有价值的技能，F项中skills是关键词，F项“通过这种方式，积极的情绪有助于培养有价值的技能”可以总结本段上文内容，符合题意。故选F。 解析 55 These skills last much longer than the emotions that initiated them.Years later，that foundation of athletic movement might develop into a scholarship as a college athlete or the communication skills may turn into a job offer as a business manager.The happiness that promoted the exploration and creation of new skills has long since ended. 56 3 Researchers refer to this as the “broaden and build” theory because positive emotions broaden your sense of possibilities and open your mind，which in turn allows you to build new skills and resources that can provide value in other areas of your life. A.Negative emotions do the opposite. B.However，the skills themselves live on. C.But many of us look at things negatively. D.The biggest benefit is an improved ability. E.That is why the “broaden and build” theory is valuable. F.In this way，positive emotions help to build valuable skills. G.Anything arousing feelings of joy，contentment，and love will do the trick. √ 57 上文“The happiness that promoted the exploration and creation of new skills has long since ended.”说明促进技能的积极情绪早就没有了，B项“然而，这些技能本身仍然存在”与上文形成转折关系，符合本段主旨“These skills last much longer than the emotions that initiated them.”。故选B。 解析 58 4 Why? Because building skills for future use is irrelevant when there is immediate threat or danger (like the tiger on the path).All of this research boils down to the fact that positive thinking is so useful for developing valuable skills and appreciating the Big Picture of life. A.Negative emotions do the opposite. B.However，the skills themselves live on. C.But many of us look at things negatively. D.The biggest benefit is an improved ability. E.That is why the “broaden and build” theory is valuable. F.In this way，positive emotions help to build valuable skills. G.Anything arousing feelings of joy，contentment，and love will do the trick. √ 59 上文“...because positive emotions broaden your sense of possibilities and open your mind...provide value in other areas of your life.”以及下文“Because building skills for future use is irrelevant when there is immediate threat or danger (like the tiger on the path).”说明积极情绪与消极情绪形成对比，消极情绪的作用是相反的，A项“消极情绪的作用恰恰相反”承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 解析 60 But how can you get yourself to be positive in your life？ 5 You probably know what things work well for you.Maybe it’s playing the guitar.Maybe it’s spending time with a certain person. A.Negative emotions do the opposite. B.However，the skills themselves live on. C.But many of us look at things negatively. D.The biggest benefit is an improved ability. E.That is why the “broaden and build” theory is valuable. F.In this way，positive emotions help to build valuable skills. G.Anything arousing feelings of joy，contentment，and love will do the trick. √ 61 上文“But how can you get yourself to be positive in your life？”提出问题，G项“任何唤起快乐、满足和爱的感觉的事情都会奏效”说明让自己在生活中变得积极的方法，回答上文的问题，符合题意。故选G。 解析 62 Green tea is a type of tea which is made from the 1.____________ (process) leaves of tea trees.It originates from China.Green tea has been subjected to many scientific studies to determine the extent of its health benefits. Ⅲ.语法填空 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了对绿茶的研究以及绿茶对健康的好处。 processed 考查词性转换。修饰名词leaves，需用形容词作定语。故填processed。 解析 63 But it is only during the last two decades that research regarding the health benefits of drinking green tea 2. (establish). has been established 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“during the last two decades”可知，使用现在完成时，主语是research，和谓语动词是被动关系，且主语是单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been established。 解析 64 Results of 3. study in 1994 published by the Journal of the National Cancer Institute stated that Chinese men and women who drink green tea 4. (regular) reduced the risk of getting cancer by almost 60 percent. a 3.考查冠词。study是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且study发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 4.考查词性转换。修饰动词drink，需用副词作状语。故填regularly。 解析 regularly 65 Another study conducted by the University of Purde also claimed that green tea contains a compound 5. prevents the growth of cancer cells. which/that 5.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词compound，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 解析 66 Green tea has many health benefits.More studies suggest that aside from its ability to prevent cancer，6. is also believed to prevent certain medical conditions such as heart diseases and 7. (infection). it 6.考查代词。that引导的宾语从句中缺少主语，it is believed to do为固定用法。故填it。 7.考查名词复数。空处和heart diseases为并列关系，且infection指传染病时为可数名词，需用名词复数形式。故填infections。 解析 infections 67 Green tea is rich 8. a substance called EGCG.This substance has the ability 9.______________(depress) the growth of cancer cells and actually kill existing cancer cells without destroying healthy tissues. in 8.考查介词。be rich in为固定短语，意为“盛产，富含”。故填in。 9.考查非谓语动词。ability后面用动词不定式作定语，故填to depress。 解析 to depress 68 According to 10. (tradition) Chinese medicine，green tea has the ability to kill bacteria that causes food poisoning. 考查词性转换。修饰名词medicine，需用形容词作定语。故填traditional。 解析 traditional 返 回 69 本课结束 $