Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

本讲义聚焦高中英语“精准农业”主题阅读，通过速读理解文章大意与篇章结构，细读深度获取细节信息，读后进行语法填空、句式分析及词块积累，构建“输入-理解-应用”的学习支架，助力学生系统掌握阅读策略与语言知识。 该资料以分层阅读为核心设计，通过选择题训练细节理解与推理判断，提升思维品质；结合“not only...but also...”倒装句等语法结构分析及词块默写、写作仿写，强化语言能力与学习能力。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后学生可通过语法填空、单句写作等巩固知识，弥补薄弱环节。

Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The history of precision farming. B．The benefits of precision farming. C．The future of precision farming. D．The definition of precision farming. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．What is the goal of precision farming? A．To save agricultural costs. B．To improve work efficiency. C．To reduce the economic burden of farmers. D．To improve food production and conserve the environment. 答案　D 2．What does “the big picture” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The moisture of the soil. B．The layers of the soil. C．The general condition of the soil. D．The nutrient levels and pH levels of the soil. 答案　C 3．Why is AI technology ideal for precision farming? A．It is efficient and accurate. B．It is controlled by farmers. C．It needs no farming machine. D．It has completely replaced farmers. 答案　A 4．What’s the writer’s attitude towards precision farming? A．Indifferent. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Positive. 答案　D Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Modern farming is different from conventional farming.The 1.collaboration(collaborate) between farming and technology has given rise to precision farming,2.an approach that equips farmers with the tools and data they need to make reliable decisions with 3.remarkable(remark) accuracy.A combination of information-gathering tools and advanced technologies 4.enables(enable) farmers to manage their crops and resources 5.precisely(precise)．Soil sampling is an example of precision farming in its most fundamental form，6.which provides an accurate means for farmers 7.to tend(tend) their crops.Moreover，precision farming is being taken to a much higher level by 8.applying(apply) AI technology.In short，thanks to precision farming’s close relationship with technology，the farming industry’s capabilities can develop even 9.further(far)．Precision farming will have a greater impact 10.on/upon farming and will contribute to a greener，healthier and better-fed planet. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．Face covered in sweat，he might be walking through the field，carefully checking(check) his crops before deciding(decide) what needs to be done.(P16，Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。what引导宾语从句，Faced covered in sweat为独立主格结构。 汉语翻译：他满头大汗，可能正穿过田间，仔细检查庄稼，然后再决定需要做什么。 2．The collaboration(collaborate) between farming and technology has given rise to precision farming，an approach that equips(equip) farmers with the tools and data they need to make reliable decisions with remarkable accuracy(accurate)．(P16，Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。an approach作precision farming的同位语；that引导限制性定语从句；they need to make...为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词tools and data。 汉语翻译：农业与科技之间的合作催生了精准农业，这种方法为农民提供了所需的工具和数据，使他们能够非常准确地做出可靠的决策。 3．It is the advent of modern technology that has turned farming into a highly precise industry.(P16，Para.2) 结构分析：此句是强调句。对主语the advent of modern technology进行强调。 汉语翻译：正是现代技术的出现使农业变成了一个高度精细的产业。 4．With massive(mass) amounts of data on the state of their farmland gathered，processed and analysed in real time，farmers are able to give the best possible care to the crops that most need it at the most appropriate time and put their resources to the best(good) use.(P16，Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。With...in real time为with的复合结构；that most need it是限制性定语从句，修饰the crops。 汉语翻译：通过实时收集、处理和分析有关农田状况的海量数据，农民们能在最适当的时间给最需要的作物尽可能最好的照顾，充分利用好他们的资源。 5．As the data library builds up，the big picture of the soil is revealed(reveal) so that farmers are able to accurately(accurate) assess the condition of the soil in real time，identify potential problems and work out solutions(solve) accordingly.(P17，Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句；so that引导结果状语从句，从句中be able to后接三个动词(短语)：assess、identify和work out。 汉语翻译：随着数据库的不断扩充，土壤的全貌被显示出来，这样农民就能够准确地实时评估土壤状况，发现潜在的问题并相应地制订解决方案。 6．When used in farming machines，AI does contribute to increased crop yields as well as simplified(simplify) crop tracking，harvesting and processing.(P17，Para.4) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。When used in farming machines是状语从句的省略，does是对谓语动词contribute的强调。 汉语翻译：人工智能用于农业机械时，确实有助于提高作物产量，并简化作物跟踪、收获和加工。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 not only位于句首的倒装句 (1)For instance，if the soil is found to be poor in nutrients，not only do farmers know that fertilizer is needed，they can also calculate the exact amount.(P17，Para.3) 例如，如果发现土壤养分不足，农民不仅知道需要化肥，还可以计算出确切的使用量。 (2)Through the integration of 5G technology and the Internet of Things (IoT)，as well as advances in deep-learning technologies，not only will larger amounts of data be available，but they will be processed more efficiently.(P17，Para.5) 通过5G技术和物联网(IoT)的结合以及深度学习技术的发展，不仅可以获取更海量的数据，而且可以更加高效地处理数据。 这两句为not only位于句首引起的部分倒装结构。 not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个平行结构。当连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据but also 后的名词决定单复数(就近原则)；当连接两个并列的句子且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装。 (1)Not only the foreign students but also the teacher has been attracted(attract) by Chinese woodworking culture so far. [写作佳句] (2)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)比赛不仅增强了大卫的信心，而且也对他以后的生活产生了很大的影响。 ①The race not only built up David’s confidence but also made a great difference to his later life. ②Not only did the race build up David’s confidence，but it also made a great difference to his later life.(倒装句) make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb) to do sth Consequently，soil sampling makes it possible for farmers to create the ideal conditions for their crops to grow and manage their resources effectively at the same time.(P17，Para.3) 因此，土壤取样使农民可以为他们的作物生长创造理想的条件，同时更有效地管理他们的资源。 本句中it作形式宾语，possible作宾补，真正的宾语为for farmers to create...。 •当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或宾语从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在它的补足语后面(补足语为名词或形容词)。 •常用于这一结构的动词有make，think，take，believe，find，consider，feel等。 (1)花太多时间上网有损健康而且很难让你集中精力于生活中的其他事情。 Spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult for you to focus on/upon other things in life. (2)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)我认为在课后随机配对学生进行英语口语训练是没有好处的。 I think it no good randomly pairing up students for the spoken English training after class. (3)我们总是理所当然地认为我们的父母应该照顾我们。 We always take it for granted that our parents should take care of us. 课文重点词块默写 1．在脑海中浮现 spring to mind 2．大汗淋漓 be covered in sweat 3．引起；导致 give rise to 4．使……具备…… equip...with... 5．对……有一个积极的影响 have a positive impact on 6．大量的数据 massive amounts of data 7．在最合适的时间 at the most appropriate time 8．对……的潜在威胁 potential threats to 9．各种各样的 a diverse range of 10．增多；加强 build up 11．制订解决方案 work out solutions 12．在……方面缺乏 be poor in 13．有巨大的好处 be of enormous benefit 14．有助于；导致 contribute to 15．区分……和…… distinguish...from... 16．实施；进行carry out 17．毫无疑问without doubt 18．对未来发展的推动the push for future developments 单句写作(课文佳句仿写) 1．精准农业是一种区别于传统农业的全新的技术农业。(that引导定语从句) Precision farming is a kind of brand new farming with technology that is different from/differs from traditional farming. 2．人工智能、传感器、卫星和无人机的出色合作使我很容易照顾作物。 The excellent collaboration of AI，sensors，satellites and drones makes it easy for me to take care of crops. 3．如果我的作物缺乏营养，我不仅知道需要肥料，还能计算出来使用量。(部分倒装) If my crops are poor in nutrients，not only do I know that fertilizer is needed，but I can calculate the amount. 4．人工智能确实帮了我一把，让我比以前收获了更多的庄稼。(强调谓语动词) AI does give me a hand，making it a reality for me to harvest far more crops than before. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Precision farming is a kind of brand-new farming with technology that is different from traditional farming.Besides AI，sensors，satellites and drones are my good assistants.The excellent collaboration of them makes it easy for me to take care of crops.If my crops are poor in nutrients，not only do I know that fertilizer is needed，but I can calculate the amount.AI does give me a hand，making it a reality for me to harvest far more crops than before. 训练1　Welcome to the unit & Reading [分值：45分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7题；每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A The Urbandale Public Library has been part of the City of Urbandale since 1961.Over the years，the library has called four different locations around the city home.Now you can find us situated within the City of Urbandale campus bordered by Walker Johnston Park. Library Card Information Standard library cards are free of charge if you： ·Live in Urbandale or other contracting communities. ·Are 5 years of age or older—a parent/guardian must sign the library card for children under age 14. Borrowing Materials Loan Periods ·Reference materials and current issues of periodicals and newspapers：These items are for in-library use only. ·Video games，mobile hotspots，and fiction Blu-Rays and DVDs—7 days ·E-audiobooks and e-books—14 days ·Other materials including books，magazines，and non-fiction Blu-Rays—21 days ★All items can be renewed twice.Renewal loan periods are the same length as the original loan period. As a library cardholder，you are responsible for returning materials by the due date.Overdue fees are charged for each day the library is open. Book Club Kits Available The library offers two types of book club kits—Standard and Reserved. ·Standard Book Club Kits are available on a first-come，first-served basis and can be checked out for 8 weeks.To check availability，you can search the library catalog(目录) for the title you need. ·Reserved Book Club Kits are for reservations only and can be checked out for 8 weeks.To check availability or reserve a kit，please call the library at 515-278-3945. Book club kits must be picked up at the Urbandale Public Library. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了厄本代尔公共图书馆提供的办理图书证、借阅图书等服务信息。 1．What do we know about the library? A．It is located near Walker Johnston Park. B．It offers free standard library cards to all age groups. C．It has had more than five locations since 1961. D．It has served those living in Urbandale for about 80 years. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now you can find us situated within the City of Urbandale campus bordered by Walker Johnston Park.”可知，图书馆位置靠近Walker Johnston公园。故选A。 2．How long can you keep video games at most if you borrow them? A．For 3 days. B．For 7 days. C．For 14 days. D．For 21 days. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Borrowing Materials部分中“Video games，mobile hotspots，and fiction Blu-Rays and DVDs—7 days”和“All items can be renewed twice.Renewal loan periods are the same length as the original loan period.”可知，视频游戏可以续借两次，每次可续借7天，因此视频游戏最多可以借21天(＝7＋7＋7)。故选D。 3．What do the two types of book club kits have in common? A．They can be borrowed online. B．They should be booked in advance. C．Their loan periods are the same. D．Their availability should be checked by calling. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Book Club Kits Available部分中“Standard Book Club Kits...can be checked out for 8 weeks.”和“Reserved Book Club Kits...can be checked out for 8 weeks.”可知，两种读书俱乐部套餐的共同点是外借期限相同。故选C。 B That’s one small stem for a plant，one giant leap for plant science. In a tiny，lab-grown garden，the first seeds ever sown in lunar dirt have sprouted(发芽)．This small crop offers hope that astronauts could someday grow their own food on the moon. But plants potted in lunar dirt grew more slowly and were much thinner than others grown in volcanic material from Earth，researchers report on May 12 in Communications Biology.That finding suggests that farming on the moon would take a lot more than a green thumb. “Ever since these samples came back，there’ve been botanists that wanted to know what would happen if you grew plants in them，” says Barker，who wasn’t involved in the study.“But everyone knows those precious samples are priceless，and so you can understand why NASA was reluctant to release them.” The dirt，or regolith，that covers the moon is basically a gardener’s worst nightmare.This fine powder of razor-sharp bits is full of metallic iron，rather than the oxidized(氧化的) kind that is friendly to plants.But it is not full of nitrogen，phosphorus or much else that plants need to grow.So no one knew whether newborn plants could put down their delicate roots in the real stuff. To find out，researchers at the University of Florida in Gainesville ran experiments with that cress，a well-studied plant that can grow in just a tiny clod of material.That was key because the researchers had only a little bit of the moon dirt to go around. “Nothing really compared to when we first saw the seedlings as they were sprouting in the lunar dirt，” says Anna-Lisa Paul，a plant molecular biologist.“That was a moving experience，to be able to say that we’re watching the very first earth organisms to grow in extraterrestrial materials，ever.And it was amazing.” Plants grew in all the pots of lunar dirt，but none grew as well as those cultivated in earthly material. Barker isn’t frightened by the challenges promised by this first attempt at lunar gardening.“There’re many，many steps and pieces of technology to be developed before humanity(人类) can really engage in lunar agriculture，” he says.“But having this particular dataset(资料) is really important for those of us that believe it’s possible and important.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。为了了解月壤是否适合耕种植物，科学家们采用从月球上拿回来的泥土样本进行实验耕种，并且说明了研究的结果以及作用。 4．What can we learn from the underlined sentence in paragraph 3? A．Farming on the moon is no easy job. B．Lunar dirt is very scarce for humans. C．Knowing how to farm matters much. D．Volcanic material from Earth is better. 答案　A 解析　句意理解题。根据第三段可知，与生长在地球火山泥中相比，长在月壤中的植物生长速度更慢、更瘦弱，要想在月球上耕种不仅仅是需要好的种植技术，由此可知，画线句表明在月球上耕种并不简单。故选A。 5．What is the purpose of the experiments? A．To explore the moon for more lunar dirt. B．To increase the richness of the moon dirt. C．To reveal what elements lunar dirt contains. D．To find whether lunar dirt is proper for plants. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘Ever since these samples came back，there’ve been botanists that wanted to know what would happen if you grew plants in them，’says Barker...”可知，植物学家们想知道月壤是否适合植物生长，所以利用样本做实验，故选D。 6．Why isn’t Barker frightened by the challenges? A．Because researches have laid the foundation. B．Because lunar gardening is quite important. C．Because technology has solved the problems. D．Because humans have engaged in lunar farming. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Barker表示虽然首次尝试面临着挑战，但研究获得了特定的数据，这为以后的研究奠定了基础，所以他没有被挑战吓到。故选A。 7．What is this text mainly about? A．Astronauts growing plants on the moon. B．Human’s great success in lunar gardening. C．Experiments of growing plants in moon soil. D．A well-studied plant growing in earthly material. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第六段可知，本文内容主要是关于在月壤中耕种植物的实验。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) “Most people don’t know anything about soil，” says Dominique Arrouays，a soil scientist in France.“In the city，they never see the soil，unless there’s construction.It’s all pavement.They don’t realize that everything depends on soils.” Soils grow the food that provides an estimated 98.8 percent of our daily calories，according to a paper in Environment International，and house more than 25 percent of the world’s biodiversity. 1 Healthy soil is marked by its porous(多孔的) structure，produced by root growth as well as the activities of earthworms and insects. 2 Healthy soils not only make farms more climate-resilient(适应气候的)，but they can also help keep costs for farmers and taxpayers down. According to a United Nations report，a third of the planet’s soil is highly degraded due to acidification，erosion(腐蚀)，and other factors.Soils cannot be regenerated quickly. 3 And yet many people dismiss it as nothing more than dirt. 4 Erosion occurs when soil is displaced by wind or water—washed off farms and stored in ditches and streams，or blown across the landscape as dust.Healthy soil resists erosion well，especially if it is protected by plants above ground and roots below-ground. 5 The results can be disastrous.Even small changes year after year can gradually cause big problems. Soil is the skin of the earth.We need to protect it.It’s in everybody’s interest to support farmers in rebuilding soil health and preventing erosion. A．But soils are in great trouble at present. B．Soil erosion is a particularly serious problem worldwide. C．This structure allows rainfall to sink in healthy soil deeply. D．Soils also store massive amounts of both fresh water and carbon. E．It may take up to 1,000 years to produce a couple centimeters of soil. F．But when soil is left bare，wind and water can more easily displace it. G．Soil is a living community to create a rich environment for food production. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了土壤的重要性和土壤侵蚀问题，呼吁我们保护土壤。 1．答案　D 解析　根据空格上文“Soils grow the food that provides an estimated 98.8 percent of our daily calories...and house more than 25 percent of the world’s biodiversity.”可知，上文介绍土壤的重要性。D项“土壤还储存大量的淡水和碳”能够承接上文，介绍的也是土壤的重要性。故选D。 2．答案　C 解析　空格前一句介绍了土壤的多孔结构，C项中的“This structure”呼应前一句中的“its porous(多孔的) structure”，进一步说明这种多孔结构的优点。故选C。 3．答案　E 解析　空格前一句说明土壤不能快速再生，E项“形成几厘米的土壤可能需要1 000年的时间”能够承接上文。故选E。 4．答案　B 解析　空格后一句介绍了土壤侵蚀现象，B项“土壤侵蚀是世界范围内一个特别严重的问题”能够引起下文。故选B。 5．答案　F 解析　空格前一句提到如果土壤受到地上植物和地下根的保护，可以很好地抵抗侵蚀，空格后一句说“这一结果会是灾难性的”。F项“但当土壤裸露时，风和水会更容易将其移走”与前一句构成转折关系，并引出后一句。故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) World Soil Day 1. (hold) every year on 5 December as a means to focus attention on the importance of soil health and to advocate for the sustainable management of soil resources.The UN General Assembly declared 2. first World Soil Day in 2014. As we all know，the 3. (result) of climate change are increasingly unpredictable.Knowing the land，therefore，becomes essential in order to prevent damage 4.________________ can do harm to soil health. World Soil Day 2022 and its campaign，“Soils: Where food begins”，aims 5._________________(raise) awareness of the importance of maintaining ecosystems and human well-being by 6. (address) the growing challenges in soil management，increasing soil awareness and encouraging societies to improve soil health. Soil nutrient loss is a major soil degradation(退化) process threatening nutrition.7.________________ is recognized as being among the most critical problems at a global level for food security and sustainability all around the globe.Agricultural production will have to increase by 60% to meet the global food demand in 2050 8. up to 58% more food could be produced through sustainable soil management. Our lives depend on soils—the mix of mineral and organic matter 9. (combine) with air，water，and microbes.Without 10. (health) soils，every living creature on Earth is at risk. 1．答案　is held 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作本句谓语，主语World Soil Day与所给动词hold之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语every year可知，用一般现在时，且主语为单数。故填is held。 2．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空后是序数词，表示“第一”之意，前应用the，表特指。故填the。 3．答案　results 解析　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作主语，result意为“结果”，为可数名词，根据后文的are可知用复数形式。故填results。 4．答案　that/which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词damage，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 5．答案　to raise 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配aim to do sth，意为“旨在做某事”。故填to raise。 6．答案　addressing 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填addressing。 7．答案　It 解析　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，根据句意，此处应用it代指前文提到的“Soil nutrient loss”，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填It。 8．答案　and 解析　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前内容和空后内容是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 9．答案　combined 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，combine与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填combined。 10．答案　healthy 解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，health的形容词形式是healthy。故填healthy。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $