Unit 2 Section Ⅴ Extended reading（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第二册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

本讲义围绕全球变暖主题文本，构建“速读整体理解-细读细节获取-读后语言应用”的学习支架，涵盖文意概括、篇章结构分析、词汇替换、细节推断等阅读技能，衔接语法填空、句式解析及词块积累，形成从输入到输出的完整学习链。 该资料以主题为载体，融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如通过倒装句、“so+助动词”等句式分析提升复杂语言结构运用能力，组句成篇训练综合表达。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后借助阅读理解、完形填空等训练题帮助学生巩固知识，强化学习能力，同时渗透人类命运共同体意识，涵养文化素养。

Section Ⅴ　Extended reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．The destructive effects of global warming on islands in Pacific Ocean. B．The measures taken to deal with global warming. C．The appeal for cooperating to solve global warming and saving residents on the islands. D．All the above. 答案　D Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Introduction　　 Para.1：Introducing the topic of global warming Main body •Paras.2－3： The devastating 1.changes brought by global warming •Paras.4－5： The 2.measures taken by islanders to survive Conclusion Para.6：Calling on people to fix the problem of 3.climate change together Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．Which word can replace the underlined word in the sentence “Increasing sea levels also contaminate the islands’ freshwater supplies.” in para.2? A．Control. B．Improve. C．Pollute. D．Stop. 答案　C 2．According to the passage，what will happen if coral reefs in the ocean die? A．Tides will get higher. B．The islanders will suffer from hunger. C．The fish in them will die，too. D．The annual tropical cyclones will happen more frequently. 答案　B 3．What does the author think of some islanders’ decision of moving away from the ocean? A．It is a foolish idea. B．It is completely unnecessary. C．It is easy to do so. D．It is a difficult choice to make. 答案　D 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Sea levels will rise by 6 to 13 centimeters by the end of this century. B．Extreme temperatures can also cause drought. C．The majority of the islanders are willing to look for homes in new countries. D．Walls separate the four great oceans from each other. 答案　B Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 In the past few decades，global warming 1.has been(be) a hot topic all over the world.It causes ice sheets and glaciers to melt,2.releasing(release) additional water into the ocean.With sea levels rising，beaches or even whole islands are disappearing.Meanwhile，increasing global temperatures can have 3.disastrous(disaster) consequences in other ways.The annual tropical cyclones are happening more 4.frequently(frequent)．Coral reefs are dying because 5.of the increasing global temperatures.Therefore，fighting climate change is a matter of 6.survival(survive) for some islanders.Now they are working with scientists to find ways to help 7.them(they) stay on their islands.Some islanders are even thinking of moving away from the ocean,8.which will surely be a difficult choice to make.In conclusion，no matter 9.what solutions the islanders develop，their islands are still in hot water.People all over the world will have to work together as one 10.to tackle(tackle) the problem of climate change. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．Increasing temperatures cause ice sheets and glaciers at the North and South Poles to melt(melt)，releasing additional water into the ocean.(P25，Para.2) 句式分析：此句是简单句。其中releasing...为现在分词短语作结果状语。 汉语翻译：气温上升导致北极和南极的冰盖和冰川融化，向海洋注入更多的水。 2．Scientists expect sea levels worldwide may rise by 0.6 to 1.3 metres or more by 2100 if the planet continues to warm.(P25，Para.2) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。其中sea levels...by 2100为动词expect后的宾语从句， 省略了连接词that；if 引导条件状语从句。 汉语翻译：科学家预计，如果地球继续变暖，到 2100 年，全球海平面可能会上升 0.6 米至 1.3 米或更高。 3．On the Pacific Islands，the most obvious sign of rising(rise) sea levels is that at high tide，water moves further inland to flow into houses and over roads.(P25，Para.2) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。On the Pacific Islands为地点状语；that引导表语从句。 汉语翻译：在太平洋岛屿上，海平面上升最明显的迹象是，在涨潮时海水涌入更多内陆地区，流入房屋，漫过道路。 4．When salty(salt) seawater seeps through the ground and gets into wells，the water becomes useless for drinking and irrigation.(P25，Para.2) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，从句中seeps 和gets into作并列的谓语。 汉语翻译：当含盐的海水渗入地下、进入水井时，其中的水就无法用于饮用和灌溉。 5．Unfortunately，however，rising waves accelerate the process，and this certainly causes(cause)problems for anyone living on the side that is being washed away.(P25，Para.2) 句式分析：此句是并列复合句。Unfortunately为副词作状语；在and后的句子中，living on the side为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰anyone，that引导限制性定语从句，修饰the side。 汉语翻译：但不幸的是，不断上升的海浪加速了这一过程，这无疑会给生活在沙子被冲走一侧的人们带来问题。 6．What is more，as the ocean warms，many coral reefs，which act as natural barriers and are home to a rich diversity of ocean species，are dying.(P26，Para.3) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。其中主句为many coral reefs are dying；as意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。 汉语翻译：更重要的是，随着海洋变暖，许多珊瑚礁正在死亡，它们本来是天然的安全屏障，是各种各样的海洋生物栖息的家园。 7．Most do not want to leave，but with the ocean moving(move) in，they feel they have no choice.(P26，Para.5) 句式分析：此句是并列复合句。but后的句子中they have no choice 为feel 后的宾语从句，省略了连接词that。 汉语翻译：大多数人并不想离开，但随着海水的涌入，他们觉得自己别无选择。 8．Melting(melt) ice in the Arctic makes higher waves in Fiji because all the oceans are connected—there are no walls between them.(P26，Para.6) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句，there are no walls between them补充说明破折号前面的内容。 汉语翻译：北极融化的冰层在斐济掀起了更高的波浪，因为所有的海洋都是相连的——它们之间没有隔墙。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 倒装句 Scattered across this ocean are thousands of islands.(P25，Para.1) 上千个岛屿散布在这片海洋上。 句式分析：此句是完全倒装句。句子的正常顺序是Thousands of islands are scattered across this ocean。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————•作表语的分词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语提到系动词前面时，句子构成完全倒装，即“分词/形容词/副词/介词短语＋系动词＋主语”结构。 •out，in，down，up，away，here，there，now，then等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。若主语是代词，则不用倒装。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)出席会议的是一些专家，他们都带着如何开发可再生能源的方案。 Present at the meeting were some experts with their scenarios about how to explore renewable energy. (2)这里是关于如何平衡经济发展和基础设施建设的三条建议。 Here are three suggestions on how to have a balance between the development of economy and the construction of infrastructure. (3)正站在教室外的是一个男孩，他低着头，默默地哭泣着。 Standing outside the classroom is a boy，lowering his head and crying silently. so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋另一主语 As global temperatures increase，so do sea levels.(P25，Para.2) 随着全球气温升高，海平面也在上升。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————•在肯定句中，用“so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋另一主语”表示前面所说的情况亦适合于另一人或物。否定句中用neither/nor代替so。 •“so＋主语＋be/助动词/情态动词”表示“某人/物的确如此”。 •It’s the same with...＝So it is with...句型主要用于下列三种情况：(1)前面句子中既包含肯定情况，又包含否定情况；(2)前面句子中含有不同类的谓语动词；(3)前面句子的主语既包含人又包含物。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)我姐姐感冒的症状是头疼、嗓子疼。我的症状也是这样。 My sister’s symptoms of the cold were headache and sore throat.So were mine. (2)如果你明年不出国，我也不出国。 If you don’t go abroad next year，neither/nor shall/will I. (3)他喜欢英语但数学不好，汤姆也是如此。 He likes English but is not good at maths；so it is with Tom/it is the same with Tom. 课文重点词块默写 1．使……做某事cause...to do 2．拿起；开始从事；占据(时间、地方)take up 3．事实上in fact 4．把……从……移开/除去remove...from... 5．被冲走be washed away 6．使发生，引起give rise to 7．而且what is more 8．充当，起作用act as 9．是……的家园be home to 10．……的问题 a matter of 11．保护……免受protect...from 12．砍倒cut down 13．一段时间for a while 14．决不by no means 15．陷入困境 in hot water 16．毕竟 after all 单句写作(课文佳句仿写) 1．随着时间的流逝，我们的星球正变得越来越暖和。 (with的复合结构) With time going by，our planet is getting warmer and warmer. 2．全球变暖已经存在好多年了，它引起海平面的上升、疾病的传播和物种的灭绝。(which引导定语从句) Global warming has already existed for many years which brings about the rise of sea levels，the spread of diseases and the extinction of species. 3．趁着不太晚过低碳生活来拯救地球是我们的责任。(a low-carbon life，doing作主语) Living a low-carbon life to save the earth before it is too late is our responsibility. 4．我们期望每个人都能培养节省能源与资源的意识，因为我们都依赖它们来生存。(because引导原因状语从句) Everyone is expected to cultivate the awareness of saving energy and resources because we all rely on them for survival. 5．尽量避免使用一次性产品比如塑料袋，这样会减少对我们星球的污染。(which引导非限制性定语从句) Try to avoid using disposable products like plastic bags，which will reduce the pollution to our planet. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Dear teachers and fellow students， With time going by，our planet is getting warmer and warmer.Global warming has already existed for many years which brings about the rise of sea levels，the spread of diseases and the extinction of species.Living a low-carbon life to save the earth before it is too late is our responsibility. Everyone is expected to cultivate the awareness of saving energy and resources because we all rely on them for survival.First，travelling by public transportation is an effective way to save energy and reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.Second，make full use of every drop of water.For example，flush the toilet with the used water.Also，try to avoid using disposable products like plastic bags，which will reduce the pollution to our planet.If you do use them，use them more than once. Together，individuals can make a difference and every little thing counts! The Student Council 训练4　Extended reading [分值：35分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Each year，more than 27 million U．S.and Canadian kids get to school by bus.Most of those buses run on diesel(柴油) fuel，which give out pollution that riders can take in.Pollution levels can be several times higher inside a diesel school bus than outside it.Why？Pollution can leak in from the floor or blow in through windows. A U.S.government program started in 2012 offered schools’ money spent on cleaner school buses but not all schools could get it.Five years later，emissions from buses in the winning districts fell.And a year after getting new buses，student attendance had improved in those districts.For an average district of 10,000 students，about six more students attended school each day in the winning districts，compared to the losing districts.Winning schools with higher rates of bus-riding kids had an average of 14 more students in class each day.And winning districts that replaced the oldest school buses？They had an average of 45 more students in school each day. Those numbers may sound small，but they add up.And school attendance matters for student achievement.Almost 3 million U．S.kids ride school buses more than 20 years old.If U．S.school districts had replaced all of those older buses，there would have been 1.3 million fewer student absences each year. There might be other reasons for better attendance.For example，maybe kids preferred new buses.However，the most-likely reason for fewer student absences was better health.A study done on adults showed that a brief exposure to diesel emissions reduced “network connectivity” in the brain.In other studies，such network-connectivity changes have been linked to worsened memory and mental tasks.A Washington State program upgraded pollution controls in old diesel buses.Afterward，fewer kids were hospitalized in those districts than in schools without bus upgrades. Almost all U.S.school districts can apply for the program.But schools in low-income areas，in tribal areas and，in rural areas will get priority.Kids in these areas tend to face the most health risks from older buses. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国校车更新计划，通过减少柴油污染提高学生出勤率和健康水平。 1．What can we infer about diesel school buses from the first paragraph? A．They have a short service life. B．They operate cost-effectively. C．They accommodate few passengers. D．They do much harm to school children. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“这些公共汽车大多使用柴油燃料，而柴油所产生的污染会让乘客吸入。柴油校车内的污染水平可能比外面高几倍”可知，从第一段我们可以推断出柴油校车对学生有很大的危害。故选D。 2．Why is the increase in school attendance small but important? A．It is a long accumulation. B．It is a winning condition. C．It is a measuring standard. D．It is a student achievement. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和最后一句可知，学校出勤率的增加很小却很重要是因为这是一个积累的过程。故选A。 3．How does the bus replacement bring better student attendance? A．By reducing the network connectivity. B．By bettering the health state of students. C．By improving student satisfaction with schools. D．By meeting students’ demand for school bus drivers. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“然而，学生缺勤减少最有可能的原因是健康状况好转”可知，公交车更换可以改善学生的健康状况，从而提高学生出勤率。故选B。 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The “network connectivity” in the brain. B．The great work on cleaner school buses. C．A U．S.government program for education. D．Better attendance due to new school buses. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。全文主要谈论的是更换新校车带来的学生出勤率的提高。因此D选项“Better attendance due to new school buses”(由于有了新的校车，出勤率提高了)正确地反映了本文的主旨。故选D。 B To reduce the carbon emissions from passenger jets and long-haul trucks，a vast volume of soy-based renewable fuel will be needed.To produce it，American farmers could ruin existing cornfields to clear space，plant millions of additional acres of soybeans and shut down all soybean exports.Or someone could make a better bean.Researchers at start-ups and biotech giants alike are exploring ways to create a new kind of soybeans through genetic recombination that generates more oil. One of the start-ups，ZeaKal Inc.，funded in part by seed giant Corteva Inc.，plans to introduce its first batch of high-oil seeds for commercial planting in 2024.Scientists have tricked the plant into sustaining photosynthesis(光合作用) for longer with genetic recombination，ultimately producing more oil as well as more protein. Companies are racing to build more capacity to process soy，a critical component for expanding green fuel supplies.Tax credits(税收抵免) make companies in the transportation industry switch to fuel with lower carbon emissions.S&P Global sees domestic demand for renewable biofuel reaching 4 billion gallons in 2030，up from around 2.7 billion this year.It projects that the use of sustainable aviation fuel will total 1.7 billion gallons annually by the end of the decade，compared with just 182 million gallons a year now. Despite the bullish predictions，the soy-based transportation fuel market is still a drop in the bucket for the fuel industry.And even if the new breed of high-oil seeds takes off，widespread adoption will take time.Farmers may be reluctant to become early adopters of a technology that hasn’t yet proven its benefits，especially if the oil content comes at the expense of existing genetic recombinations that improve disease or pest resistance. Chicken producer Perdue Farms Inc.has signed a deal with Zeakal，agreeing to pay farmers a higher price for harvested supplies of the new variety，which is good for chicken feed because of its higher protein levels.If large oil companies follow suit，the soybean market might never look the same.“We could have an opportunity for the oil component of soybeans to actually become more important in some markets than the protein aspect，” says Mike Dillon，vice president of ZeaKal.“That’s a very dramatic shift.” 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了研究人员计划通过改造大豆基因来创造一种新型大豆，以增加油产量。 5．How did researchers plan to produce more oil? A．By planting more soybeans. B．By banning soybean exports. C．By fertilizing soybean fields. D．By engineering soybean genes. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，研究人员计划通过改造大豆基因来创造一种新型大豆，以增加油产量。故选D项。 6．What does the author want to show by mentioning the figures in paragraph 3? A．The continuous use of the fuel. B．The growing demand for biofuel. C．The serious lack of green fuel supplies. D．The fierce competition between companies. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，到2030年，美国国内对可再生生物燃料的需求将远高于现在，由此可推知，作者列举这些数据是为了说明对生物燃料的需求会越来越大。故选B项。 7．Who can change the current biofuel market according to the last paragraph? A．Companies. B．Farmers. C．Scientists. D．Governments. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，如果大型油料公司也像珀杜农场一样向农民大量购买这种新型大豆，大豆市场会发生变化，而这种大豆可制作燃料，故而会引起生物燃料市场的变革。故选A项。 8．Which can be the best title of the text? A．Biofuel：A New Way to Cut Down Carbon Emissions B．Oilier Soybeans：Possible Reliance of the Future Fuel C．A Big Shift：From Conventional Soybeans to Altered Ones D．Genetic Modification：A Technology to Breed New Soybeans 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员正尝试通过基因改造创造新型大豆，该大豆含油量更高，可能成为未来可再生生物燃料的来源。由此可知，B项(高油大豆：未来燃料的可能倚靠)可以作本文最佳标题。故选B项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) Some twenty years ago，Poonam visited Ranthambore，with her husband Aditya Singh.She was 1 by a tigress with three cubs (幼崽) on a hill.At the end of the trip，they decided to move to the Ranthambore. Over the years，the couple bought about 35 acres bordering the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve on one side.The area，called Bhadlav，had 2 vegetation but has since been 3 into a green forest. After 4 in Ranthambore，Aditya first visited the Bhadlav area with a BBC film-maker.He became 5 that the farmers were 6 their land because of the risk of predators (食肉动物) searching for food.“I just bought this and did nothing to it except 7 the aggressive species.We 8 the land to recover and now after 20 years，it has become a green forest.” Not only did the couple have the 9 to let the natural habitat renew itself，but they also created several water holes to feed the wild animals.Because of their efforts，the 10 to the farmers in the area has been dramatically reduced.“The animals understand in this forest they get food，water and safe shelter without any 11 ，” Aditya explained.They have had many 12 from buyers for the land but the Singhs are not interested in selling 13 their love for nature and wildlife.“Money was never the 14 ，” they said. Aditya and Poonam’s story has inspired others in the area.Aditya has also been receiving 15 from people across India who want to create a comparable model in their own states. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Aditya Singh和Poonam夫妇建设森林、保护野生动物的故事，他们的故事也激励了该地区的其他人效仿他们。 1．A.accompanied B．fascinated C．frightened D．blocked 答案　B 解析　fascinate迷住。通过下文“At the end of the trip，they decided to move to the Ranthambore.”可推知，此处指Poonam非常喜欢Ranthambore山上的老虎，所以才想搬过去。故选B项。 2．A.diverse B．wild C．rare D．little 答案　D 解析　根据下文“but has since been into a green forest”可推知，此处指Bhadlav原来只有少量的植被，后来变成了一片绿色森林。故选D项。 3．A.classified B．transformed C．dug D．stuck 答案　B 解析　根据下文“into a green forest”可推知，此处指Bhadlav后来被改变成了一片绿色森林。故选B项。 4．A.settling B．investing C．negotiating D．training 答案　A 解析　根据上文“At the end of the trip，they decided to move to the Ranthambore.”可推知，此处指Aditya夫妇在Ranthambore定居了。故选A项。 5．A.proud B．disappointed C．worried D．aware 答案　D 解析　根据下文“because of the risk of predators(食肉动物) searching for food”可推知，此处指Aditya明白了农民们的用意，意识到了真正原因。故选D项。 6．A.donating B．naming C．selling D．expanding 答案　C 解析　通过下文“because of the risk of predators(食肉动物) searching for food”可推知，因为害怕食肉动物捕食，所以农民们选择出售土地。故选C项。 7．A.lose B．remove C．identify D．predict 答案　B 解析　通过下文“the aggressive species”和“it has become a green forest”可推知，此处指Aditya将土地上的有侵略性的物种移除了。故选B项。 8．A.controlled B．rented out C．depended on D．allowed 答案　D 解析　rent out出租；depend on依靠；allow让，准许。通过下文“the land to recover and now after 20 years，it has become a green forest”可推知，此处指通过Aditya夫妇的打理，土地恢复了。故选D项。 9．A.patience B．facility C．technology D．staff 答案　A 解析　让自然栖息地恢复生机是非常需要耐心的，所以此处指Aditya夫妇非常有耐心。故选A项。 10．A.access B．link C．attention D．threat 答案　D 解析　通过上文“the farmers were their land because of the risk of predators(食肉动物) searching for food”可推知，此处指Aditya夫妇使该地区农民面临的来自食肉动物的威胁减少了。故选D项。 11．A.disturbance B．attempt C．hesitation D．sign 答案　A 解析　disturbance干扰。通过上文“the to the farmers in the area has been dramatically reduced”可推知，此处说明了该地区农民面临的威胁减少的原因是动物可以不受干扰的在Aditya夫妇建造的森林里生存。故选A项。 12．A.examples B．offers C．complaints D．benefits 答案　B 解析　offer出价。通过下文“but the Singhs are not interested in selling”可推知，此处指有很多买家出价，想购买这片土地。故选B项。 13．A.instead of B．in spite of C．in addition to D．due to 答案　D 解析　通过下文“their love for nature and wildlife”可推知，此处说明了Singh一家不想出售土地的原因。故选D项。 14．A.solution B．source C．priority D．possibility 答案　C 解析　priority优先考虑的事。Aditya夫妇认为钱从来都不是最重要的、需要优先考虑的事。故选C项。 15．A.instructions B．checks C．enquiries D．funds 答案　C 解析　通过下文“who want to create a comparable model in their own states”可推知，此处指那些希望在印度创建一个类似的模式的当地人向Aditya询问他创建森林、保护野生动物的相关细节。故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $