Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Integrated skills（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第二册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

本讲义聚焦“拒绝食物浪费”主题，构建“听力输入-阅读内化-写作输出-综合巩固”的学习支架。先通过高考形式选择填空及精听训练提升听力理解能力，再结合诗歌、文章阅读深化主题认知，随后系统指导演讲稿写作（含结构模板、句式升级及范文），最后通过阅读理解、七选五、语法填空等综合训练巩固语言技能。 该资料特色显著，以“食物浪费”为载体融合多技能训练，助力文化意识培育（如“Clean Plate” campaign体现传统美德）。听力精听填空训练细节抓取能力，提升语言能力；写作指导中审题谋篇与句式升级环节，通过分词作定语、倒装句等优化，培养思维品质。课中辅助教师整合听读写技能教学，课后学生可借助资料回顾知识点、强化练习，有效查漏补缺。

Section Ⅳ　Integrated skills Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式) Listen to the material on P22 and choose the best answer. 1．How many tonnes of food were wasted in 2019? A．Almost 690 million. B．More than 930 million. C．Less than 690 million. 答案　B 2．How do private households waste food? A．By overordering. B．By leaving the meals uneaten. C．By buying more food than necessary. 答案　C 3．How does food waste influence the environment? A．By causing people to go hungry. B．By making people lack nutrition. C．By leading to global warming. 答案　C Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练) Listen to the material on P22 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Narrator：On today’s podcast，we look at the problem of food waste.Although millions of people 1.die of hunger each year，we continue to waste shocking amounts of food.Almost 690 million people 2.suffered from hunger and more than 930 million tonnes of food were wasted in 2019.Unfortunately，these figures are growing every year. How does food waste come about? It happens in different places.At retail stores，imperfect fruit and vegetables are often rejected.In restaurants，too much food is prepared and customers overorder.In America，for instance，restaurants waste around 4% to 10% of the food before it reaches consumers，and diners leave about 17% of their meals uneaten.3. In addition，private households waste food mainly because of poor planning: buying more food than necessary，forgetting about it and throwing it out when it expires. Inevitably，the environment 4.is negatively impacted by food waste.Producing food on farms and transporting it to retail stores and consumers require large amounts of energy.5.Put simply，wasting food equals wasting energy.Additionally，food waste contributes to global warming.Uneaten food forms 6. a large part of solid waste in landfills，and gradually breaks down to produce a greenhouse gas that is up to 86 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. Moreover，in a world where 1 in 9 people go hungry，food waste 7.makes the issue of hunger more severe.Without enough to eat，people lack the many nutrients that are vital for basic survival.Their health is affected by malnutrition，and they more easily suffer from diseases related to poor immune systems. As food waste is a global problem，it requires 8.a worldwide effort to solve.Putting an end to food waste could save enough food for about 2 billion people.Hopefully，the seriousness of this issue will provide plenty of food for thought. 1．What is the theme of the poem? A．Conveying love for food. B．Expressing sorry for farmers. C．Showing gratitude for farmers. D．Appreciating the value of food. 答案　D 2．What’s the purpose of the “Clean Plate” campaign? A．To urge people to order more food. B．To draw people’s attention to food. C．To highlight the traditional Chinese virtue of appreciating the value of food. D．To attach importance to agriculture. 答案　C 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the“Clean Plate” campaign? A．Uncaring. B．Favourable. C．Worried. D．Doubtful. 答案　B 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Introducing the topic of saving food. B．Publicizing the “Clean Plate” campaign. C．Calling on people to take part in the campaign. D．Advertising a food brand. 答案　C 本单元的写作任务是写一篇演讲稿。演讲稿一般由称呼、正文和结束语三个部分组成，大多分为三种：第一种是活动组织者的演讲(例如校运动会开幕式上学生会主席的演讲)；第二种是作为活动参与者的演讲(例如竞选)；第三种是就社会热点话题发表观点，可以参照议论文。演讲稿的要点内容大多题干已经给出，所以演讲稿的结构较为简单，可以两段式，也可以三段式。 1．首段常用句式： I’m honored to share my speech titled... It is a great honor for me/I feel greatly honored to deliver/address my speech here，whose topic is about... It is my great honor to share with you my opinions on... I feel greatly honored to stand here and give a speech.Today I’m going to talk about.../tell you something about... I will give some detailed information to support my idea. 2．中段常用句式： As we all know，...play(s) an increasingly important role in... It’s our responsibility/duty to do... I would like to concentrate on the problem of... 3．尾段常用句式： Based on the above statements/Altogether，we can arrive at/come to/draw a conclusion that... I hope I have made myself understood. To change the situation，we need to take action. That’s all.Thanks for your attention/listening./Thank you. “谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。”节约粮食是中华民族的传统美德，即使如今人们生活富足，我们也应当提倡节俭，避免浪费食物。假如你是李华，你校将要举行以“拒绝食物浪费”为主题的演讲比赛，请用英语写一篇80个词左右的演讲稿参赛，谈谈你对食物浪费的看法。 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 1．文体：这是一篇演讲稿，要求就社会热点话题发表自己的观点，应注意其写作特点。 2．时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3．人称：由于是发表演讲，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一部分：引入话题，介绍食物浪费的现状； 第二部分：阐述食物浪费对社会的影响； 第三部分：解决食物浪费的方法或措施； 第四部分：呼吁全社会行动起来，反对食物浪费，创造一个更美好的世界。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1．遭受；患……病；受……之苦 suffer from 2．议题，争论的问题issue 3．值得，应受 deserve 4．影响impact 5．造成contribute to 6．剩饭，剩菜leftover 7．活动，运动campaign 8．可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的preventable [连词成句] 1．目前，有数百万人在遭受饥饿。(定语从句) At present，there are millions of people who/that are suffering from hunger. 2．它不仅浪费了用于生产和运输食物的能源，而且还加剧了全球变暖。 It not only wastes the energy used to produce and transport the food，but also contributes to global warming. 3．此外，浪费的食物加剧了全球饥饿的影响。 Furthermore，wasted food increases the impact of global hunger. 4．作为个人，我们应该谨慎计划餐饭，做饭不应超过所需的量。 As individuals，we should carefully plan meals and not cook more than needed. 第三步　句式升级 1．用分词作定语改写句1。 At present，there are millions of people suffering from hunger. 2．将句2改为倒装句。 Not only does it waste the energy used to produce and transport the food，but it also contributes to global warming. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。 参考范文 Food waste：food for thought At present，there are millions of people suffering from hunger.Meanwhile，millions of tonnes of food are wasted every year.The figures are growing every year.Food waste has now become an important global issue that deserves our attention. Food waste has serious impacts.Not only does it waste the energy used to produce and transport the food，but it also contributes to global warming.Furthermore，wasted food increases the impact of global hunger. Thankfully，efforts are being made.Restaurants and canteens are encouraging customers to order only according to their needs and take their leftovers home.As individuals，we should carefully plan meals and not cook more than needed.We can also join the “Clean Plate” campaign to avoid wasting food wherever we are. Food waste is preventable.So，from today，let’s fight food waste and build a better world for all! 训练3　Integrated skills [分值：45分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7题；每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A The Crown Family School of Social Work，Policy，and Practice considers all the pieces of your application as a collective representation of you academically and professionally.Below are some suggestions that may assist you in completing your application. ESSAY Respond directly to all the essay prompts(申请文书) regarding your professional goals，your strengths，and your learning needs with regard to a career in social work/social welfare. Demonstrate how your prior experience might contribute to the Crown Family School classroom and a career in social work/social welfare. Be sure to illustrate why you want to be at Crown Family School—what is it that we do here that you want to be a part of or are there any specific faculty(全体教师) with whom you want to work? Remember that the essay is about both content and comprehension，so read and re-read your statement for content，flow，and to catch any grammatical errors you missed the first time through. LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION Your recommenders should be individuals who know you well and can evaluate your potential for graduate school education. We discourage letters from friends，relatives，neighbors，doctors，etc. If you have recently graduated or are about to graduate，reach out to professors.If you have worked，ask your supervisor. We want letters that can speak on your performance and why you would make a great addition to the field of social work/social welfare or social sector leadership/nonprofit management. TRANSCRIPTS Our students come from a variety of academic backgrounds and undergraduate majors including those in the social sciences，humanities，biological sciences，and arts. While a cumulative GPA is important，we are also mindful of your last 3－4 terms，your grades in coursework relevant to social work/social welfare. 1．What can we learn about the essay prompts? A．Only some of them need direct response. B．Useful experience should be listed and explained. C．A specific supervisor must be mentioned. D．Minor grammatical errors are acceptable. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据ESSAY部分中的“Demonstrate how your prior experience might contribute to the Crown Family School classroom and a career in social work/social welfare.”可知，应该列出并解释有用的经验。故选B。 2．Which of the following is TRUE about recommendation letter? A．It could be written by a research agency. B．A letter from your relatives will be allowed. C．It should refer to your performance and ability. D．All the individuals must apply to professors for admission. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据LETTERS OF RECOMMENDATION部分中的“We want letters that can speak on your performance and why you would make a great addition to the field of social work/social welfare or social sector leadership/nonprofit management.”可知，推荐信应该与你的表现和能力有关。故选C。 3．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To help students give an insight into application forms. B．To keep students informed of the latest admission process. C．To provide students with helpful application guidelines. D．To persuade students to choose a major in social science. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Below are some suggestions that may assist you in completing your application.”可知，文章的目的是为学生提供有用的申请指南。故选C。 B When you ask people to judge others by their speech，a trend emerges：Listeners dislike disfluency.Slow talkers producing loads of ums and pauses(停顿) are generally perceived as less charming.But science tells us there may be even more to disfluency. Disfluencies do not occur in arbitrary positions in sentences.Ums typically occur right before more difficult or low-frequency words.Imagine you’re having dinner with a friend at a restaurant，and there’re three items on the table：a knife，a glass，and a wine decanter(醒酒器)．Your friend turns to you and says，“Could you hand me the...um...？” What would you assume they want? Since it’s unlikely that they will hesitate before such common words as knife，and glass，chances are you’ll pick up the decanter and ask，“You mean this？” This is exactly what we demonstrated through controlled eye-tracking studies in our lab.Apparently，listeners hear the um and predict that an uncommon word is most likely to follow.Such predictions，though，reflect more than just simple association between disfluencies and difficult words; listeners are actively considering from the speaker’s point of view.For example，when hearing a non-native speaker say the same sentence but with a thick foreign accent，listeners don’t show a preference for looking at low-frequency objects.This is probably because listeners assume non-native speakers may have as much trouble coming up with the English word for a common object，like a knife，as for unusual ones and can’t guess their intention. In another experiment，listeners were presented with an atypical speaker who produced disfluencies before simple words and never before difficult words.Initially，participants displayed the natural predictive strategy：looking at uncommon objects.However，as more time went by，and they gained experience with this atypical distribution of disfluencies，listeners started to demonstrate the contrary predictive behavior：They tended to look at simple objects when hearing the speaker say um. These findings represent further evidence that the human brain is a prediction machine：We continuously try to predict what will happen next，even though not all disfluencies are created equal. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。说话迟缓且话中有大量的“嗯”和停顿的人通常被认为不那么有魅力。但科学研究发现不流畅传达的信息比人们认为的要多。 4．What does the underlined word “arbitrary” mean in paragraph 2? A．Random. B．Strategic. C．Obvious. D．Consistent. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“(停顿词)嗯通常出现在更难或低频的单词之前”以及接下来例子表明“嗯”(不流畅表达中的一种)一般出现在比较难或不太经常使用的词汇前，可知不流畅之处在句子中出现的位置不是随意的，而是有规律可循的。故random“随意的，任意的，随机的”可解释画线词意思。故选A。 5．What does the author say about the non-native speakers? A．They can be understood easily. B．They actively put themselves in others’ shoes. C．Their vocabularies are limited. D．Their disfluencies are a little less predictive. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“这可能是因为听众认为，非母语人士可能很难想出英语单词来表示一个常见的物体，比如一把刀，也很难想出不寻常物体的英语表达，故而无法猜测他们的意图”可知，作者认为非母语者在交际中表现出的不流畅让人更难预测其意图。故选D。 6．What does the experiment in paragraph 4 show? A．Simple things are difficult in some cases. B．Listeners can adjust predictions accordingly. C．Distribution of disfluencies is changeable. D．Disfluencies in communication can be avoided. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的“然而，随着时间的推移，他们获得了这种非典型的不流畅分布的经验，听众开始表现出相反的预测行为：当听到说话者说嗯时，他们倾向于看简单的物体”可知，第四段中的实验表明听众可以相应地调整预测。故选B。 7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Pauses Coexist with Prediction B．Brains Are Powerful Prediction Machines C．Active Listeners Simplify Talks D．Disfluency Says More Than You Think 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要讲了说话迟缓且话中有大量的“嗯”和停顿的人通常被认为不那么有魅力。但科学研究发现不流畅传达的信息比人们认为的要多。故D项“不流畅传达的信息比人们认为的要多”适合作本文的标题。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) When you’re giving a speech，there isn’t a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual. 1 These requirements need to be considered when planning your speech. 2 Larger audiences often have little or no audience participation，so your tone and body language are more important than ever.Maintaining eye contact with as many individuals is necessary to keep them engaged.For smaller audiences，they often have more opportunities to be conversational and relaxed.This means you’ll need to prepare enough material to fill the time slot and allow for questions or comments throughout.Meanwhile，you still need to deliver your message in the time you have. Keep in mind that you naturally have different types of people in the audience. 3 Generally，there are 4 different ways people learn：visual，auditory，reading and writing and kinaesthetic(动觉的)．Including these elements of each learning style in your speech will help engage more of your audience. Consider whether you are addressing other experts in the same field or beginners with limited knowledge around the topic. 4 The most effective way to do this is to create two versions of your speech that have different contents entirely. No matter how much you prepare and adapt your content for who you’ll be talking to，you may find you are losing audience engagement.It’s important that you read and act on these signals which can be anything from lack of eye contact，yawning or your listener being on their phone. 5 A．Adapt your speech based on your audience size. B．Adjust your approach to get back their attention. C．It can assist in connecting with different audiences. D．They learn and take in information in different ways. E．Adjust your speech to target these two types of audience. F．Take time to observe and look out for the reactions in the crowd. G．Audiences have different requirements when receiving information. 1．答案　G 解析　根据前文“When you’re giving a speech，there isn’t a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual.” 可知，在演讲时会遇到各种听众，这些听众会有不同的要求。G项“听众在接收信息时有不同的需求”符合语境。选项中的different requirements呼应下一句中的These requirements。故选G。 2．答案　A 解析　设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文中的“Larger audiences”和“For smaller audiences”可知，应该根据观众人数的多少调整演讲。A项“根据你的听众人数调整你的演讲”可以作为本段主旨句。故选A。 3．答案　D 解析　根据上文“have different types of people in the audience” 可知，观众中有不同类型的人，D项“他们以不同的方式了解和吸收信息”符合语境，选项里的they也承接了上文中的“different types of people”。下文“Generally，there are 4 different ways people learn”接着对观众的学习方式进行了举例说明。故选D。 4．答案　E 解析　根据上文“Consider whether you are addressing other experts in the same field or beginners with limited knowledge around the topic.”可知，针对不同的人有不同的演讲方式或内容。E项“调整你的演讲以针对这两类听众”符合语境，选项中的两类观众指的就是上文提到的专家和初学者。故选E。 5．答案　B 解析　根据上文可知，观众会对演讲内容失去兴趣，因此演讲者要调整方法重新引起他们的注意。B项“调整你的方法以重新引起他们的注意”符合语境。故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) Woodblock printing is an ancient printing technology with a significant impact 1. human civilization.It originated in ancient China.The earliest woodblock printing 2. (invent) during the Tang Dynasty.The process involved carving words，designs or images onto wooden blocks，applying ink and transferring the ink onto paper through pressure. Creating woodblocks demands patience and skill 3. (ensure) clear and accurate characters for high-quality prints.Through continuous refinement and practice，woodblock printing became widely used and developed in China and neighboring regions.This technology 4._________(gradual) spread to other countries. Woodblock printing is of 5. (significant)．Firstly，it facilitated the spread and preservation of written works,6. (enable) the dissemination(传播) of knowledge on a broader scale.7. (second)，it promoted the exchange of diverse cultures and ideas，driving the progress of human civilization. Lastly，woodblock printing，8. development provided valuable insight for innovations like movable type printing and lithography，served as a foundation for the following printing technology. Although we 9. (enter) the digital age，woodblock printing remains a crucial milestone in the printing technology.Its historical importance in disseminating knowledge 10.____________its role in advancing the printing technology are worthy of recognition and appreciation.Woodblock printing stands as a testament to human ingenuity and it has enduring influence on the development of civilization. 1．答案　on/upon 解析　考查固定短语。have an impact on/upon表示“对……有影响”，故填on或upon。 2．答案　was invented 解析　考查动词时态和语态。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语，且invent和主语woodblock printing是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。根据本句的时间状语“during the Tang Dynasty”可知，本句描述过去的事，所以此处要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语woodblock printing 是单数意义，故填was invented。 3．答案　to ensure 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了确保”，故填to ensure。 4．答案　gradually 解析　考查副词。修饰动词使用副词，此处意为“逐渐地”，故填gradually。 5．答案　significance 解析　考查词性转换。“be of＋名词”的用法相当于“be＋该名词的形容词”，故填significance。 6．答案　enabling 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句不缺谓语动词，enable和其逻辑主语it之间是主动关系，所以此处应用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填enabling。 7．答案　Secondly 解析　考查段落要素中支撑句的连接词。secondly意为“其次”，前有firstly，后有lastly。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Secondly。 8．答案　whose 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词woodblock printing指物，关系词作从句中development的定语，所以使用whose引导定语从句，故填whose。 9．答案　have entered 解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，此处意为“尽管我们已经进入数字化时代”，表示动作已完成，所以要用现在完成时，主语we为复数意义，故填have entered。 10．答案　and 解析　考查并列连词。根据句意可知，空格前后的“Its historical importance in disseminating knowledge”和“its role in advancing the printing technology”并列作句子的主语，所以此处要使用并列连词and。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $