Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Integrated skills（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

本高中英语讲义围绕“气候”核心主题，系统构建“基础认知-影响分析-实践应用”学习支架。先通过阅读理解梳理气候基本概念（如天气与气候区别）及气候变化原因，再结合听力填空呈现气候对人类生活（衣食住行、节日）的影响，最后以演讲稿写作为载体引导学生探讨气候与人类的相互作用，形成完整知识链。 该资料亮点在于多技能整合与核心素养培养。听力填空通过精听训练提升语言理解能力，写作指导提供句式升级和范文，助力规范表达，体现语言能力培养。演讲稿主题“气候与人类”引导学生分析相互影响，增强人类命运共同体意识，落实文化意识与思维品质。课中辅助教师整合听、读、写技能训练，课后通过综合练习题（七选五、语法填空等）帮助学生查漏补缺，提升学习能力。

Section Ⅳ　Integrated skills 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．Factors affecting climate. B．The way climate changed. C．Basic information about climate. D．The difference between weather and climate. 答案　C 2．What is the main difference between weather and climate? A．Weather and climate are interchangeable terms. B．Weather is long-term，while climate is short-term. C．Weather refers to temperature only，while climate includes all weather elements. D．Weather is the actual state of the atmosphere，while climate is the typical long-term pattern of weather. 答案　D 3．What is the main cause of the recent rise in Earth’s temperatures? A．Ocean currents. B．Natural climate cycles. C．Decrease in greenhouse gases. D．Human activity increasing the amount of greenhouse gases. 答案　D 4．How does the author organize the passage? A．By cause and effect. B．By contrast. C．By asking and answering. D．By examples. 答案　C Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式) 1．What is the main idea of the talk? A．The impact climate has on people’s lives. B．The celebration of festivals. C．The bad effect climate has on crops. 2．When do people in Sweden observe Midsummer’s Day? A．In July. B．In June. C．In August. 3．In what column can we find the talk? A．Education. B．Sports. C．Environment. 答案　1.A　2.B　3.C Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练) Listen to the talk on P9 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Narrator：Good morning.It is my pleasure to talk to you about the 1.impact climate has on the lives of people around the world. Climate affects 2.the clothes we wear,3.the houses we live in as well as 4.the modes of transport we use.In desert regions of North Africa，where it is extremely hot in summer，people wear long loose-fitting dress-like clothes that allow the free flow of air and 5.protect them from the burning sun and the blowing sand.In China’s Xishuangbanna，which has a 6.warm and damp climate，the Dai people build two-storey bamboo houses supported by bamboo posts.This design raises the houses high above the wet ground and enables air to 7.flow more easily through the buildings.In northern Canada，it is extremely cold in winter，so sleds 8.pulled by dogs often serve as an efficient way to carry goods across snow-covered ground. Crop growth depends on climatic factors such as 9.rainfall，sunshine and temperature.As a result，people in different climatic zones grow different crops.In the 10.hot，wet regions of the tropics，tree crops such as rubber trees are favoured along with some root crops.In areas that are less hot and have 11.less rainfall，such as the vast plains of North America，farmers grow corn and wheat. Climate also influences 12.the celebration of festivals.In Sweden，where the winter is cold and long，people celebrate Midsummer’s Day in June，around the longest day of the year. To conclude，climate impacts greatly on people’s lives.Today，I have opened but a small window into a world where people 13.have adapted to different climates.I hope you have enjoyed this very brief look.Thank you. 本单元的写作目标是为世界气象日写一篇关于气候的演讲稿。演讲稿是应用文的一种常见文体，是参加会议者为了在会议或重要活动上表达自己的意见、看法或汇报思想、工作情况而事先准备好的文稿。演讲稿分为欢迎辞、欢送辞、毕业致辞等，也可以就某个话题发表自己的感想、竞选某个岗位等。因此，演讲稿应开门见山，观点鲜明，语言要富有感染力、形象生动、逻辑性强。 1．开头句 (1)It is my great honor to deliver a speech on...on behalf of... 我很荣幸代表……就……发表演讲。 (2)It is a great privilege for me to stand here，sharing my opinions about... 我很荣幸能站在这里，分享我对……的看法。 (3)I am honored to have this precious chance to speak here on such a special occasion. 我很荣幸有这个宝贵的机会在这样一个特殊的场合在这里发言。 (4)I’m more than honored to speak here and share my idea with you.The topic of my speech is... 我非常荣幸在这里和大家分享我的想法。我演讲的主题是…… (5)I want to share with you how the...has had an impact/influence on our life. 我想和你分享……是如何影响我们的生活的。 2．中间句 (1)When it comes to sth/doing...，... 说到某事/做某事，……。 (2)First and foremost，...Moreover，...Last but not least，... 首先，……此外，……最后但同样重要的是，…… (3)It is＋...＋ that ＋...正是…… (4)Not only...but also...不但……而且…… (5)Never will you regret if you...如果你……你永远不会后悔。 3．结尾句 (1)In conclusion，I hold a firm belief that only if we...，can we...Thank you for your listening! 总之，我坚信只有我们……，我们才能……谢谢你的聆听！ (2)In short，I’d like to stress the importance of doing...That’s all I want to say about this point.Thank you for your attention! 简而言之，我想强调做……的重要性。关于这一点，我想说的就是这些。谢谢您的关注！ (3)Thank you from the bottom of my heart for giving me this chance to deliver a speech today. 今天我由衷地感谢大家给我机会发表演讲。 (4)I hope what is mentioned above might be of help to you! Thank you for your listening! 我希望上面提到的对你们有帮助！谢谢聆听！ 假如你是李华。为迎接“世界气象日”的到来，你们学校举办主题为“气候与人类”的英语演讲比赛，旨在号召大家积极应对全球气候变暖等一系列环境问题。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容主要包括： 1．关于气候的简要概述； 2．气候与人类的相互影响； 3．呼吁人们减少对气候的负面影响，保护环境。 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一篇关于气候的演讲稿，写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇演讲稿。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3．主体人称：由于是写关于人类和气候的关系，所以人称应该以第一、三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：开门见山点明主题，简要介绍气候。 第二段：阐述气候与人类之间的相互影响，尤其是人类对气候造成的严重的负面影响。 第三段：呼吁大家要采取行动停止破坏环境和影响气候。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1．相互影响 interaction 2．长期的模式 long-term pattern 3．上升，上涨 rise 4．海平面 sea level 5．在同样程度上 in equal measure 6．消极的影响 negative effects 7．养成“更绿色”的习惯 form “greener” habits 8．禁止/制止不良行为 prohibit bad behaviour 9．共同努力 joint efforts 10．起作用，有影响 make a difference [连词成句] 1．我们都知道，不同于天气，气候是某个特定地区的长期天气模式。 We all know that different from weather，climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular region. 2．气温一直在上升，海平面据估计已经上升了超过20厘米。 Temperatures have been rising and sea levels are estimated to have risen by over 20 centimetres. 3．所有这些主要是由我们人类导致的。 All of these are mainly caused by us humans. 4．通过共同的努力我们可以对气候变化产生影响。 We can make a difference to climate change by joint efforts. 第三步　句式升级 1．用it作形式主语改写句1。 It is known to us all that different from weather，climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular region. 2．用非限制性定语从句合并句2和句3。 Temperatures have been rising and sea levels are estimated to have risen by over 20 centimetres，which are mainly caused by us humans. 3．用“only＋状语”位于句首的倒装句改写句4。 Only by joint efforts can we make a difference to climate change. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 Climate and Humans Dear boys and girls， It is a great privilege for me to stand here，sharing my opinions about the interaction between climate and humans.It is known to us all that different from weather，climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular region.It is relatively stable. However，in recent years，climate has changed a lot.Temperatures have been rising and sea levels are estimated to have risen by over 20 centimetres，which are mainly caused by us humans.In fact，climate and humans affect each other in equal measure.So those changes may bring disasters to human beings. It’s time to reduce the negative effects of human activity on climate.We individuals should form “greener” habits like cycling and using public transport.Our government can take measures to prohibit bad behaviour.In conclusion，I hold a firm belief that only by joint efforts can we make a difference to climate change. Thank you for your listening! 训练3　Integrated skills [分值：47.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A The world’s longest cave system is an enormous network of 420 miles of twists and turns，with limestone(石灰岩) falling from the ceilings in drops. Mammoth Cave National Park preserves this unique and historical natural wonder.As large as the limestone cave system is，park officials，estimate there may be another 600 miles of cave passageways that have yet to be explored.The incredible rock formations have resulted in the park being recognized as a World Heritage Site，thanks to its extraordinary size and scientific importance—making it one of only 13 natural US sites with that title. The caves were created naturally by the process of limestone wearing away.Rain and rivers slowly break down and shape soft limestone，which creates the vast underground network.Not only are they an amazing destination to visit，but the system also provides drinking water for roughly 40% of the US population，and they’re of historical significance too. The caves act as a time capsule that preserves over 5,000 years of human history—and the caves’ first explorers were Native Americans，who mined the upper levels of Mammoth Cave.Thanks to the cave system’s atmosphere and natural protection from any kind of human disturbance，the archaeological(考古的) sites have been left in great shape. Mammoth Cave was established as a national park thanks to strong local support.Back in the 1920s，Secretary of the Interior Hubert Work created the Southern Appalachian National Park Commission in 1925 to survey proposed park sites，including the caves.After years of work acquiring the land for the park，as well as building roads，trails(小径)，and public facilities，Mammoth Cave National Park was established on July 1,1941.The park now receives around 2 million visitors a year，with roughly a quarter taking a tour of the caves—everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous climbing tours on offer.The cave supports more than 130 wildlife species，such as the eyeless cavefish，which has adapted to the lightless environment by no longer growing eyes，and the cave crayfish. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了猛犸洞穴国家公园的石灰岩洞穴系统的形成过程和历史、文化意义，以及政府为开发和保护这个自然奇观做出的努力。 1．What has made Mammoth Cave National Park a World Heritage Site? A．The wildlife species. B．The rock formations. C．The cave passageways. D．The scientific discovery. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“The incredible rock formations have resulted in the park being recognized as a World Heritage Site...”可知，让猛犸洞穴国家公园成为公认的世界遗产的是它的岩层，故选B。 2．Why are the caves of historical value? A．They are an amazing destination to visit. B．They were first explored by Native Americans. C．They provide drinking water for the Americans. D．They preserve human history of over 5000 years. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段末句中“and they’re of historical significance too”和第四段第一句“The caves act as a time capsule that preserves over 5,000 years of human history...”可推知，这些洞穴具有历史价值的原因是它保存着人类五千多年的历史，故选D。 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．It took a lot of work to establish the park. B．Local people donated the land for the park. C．Around 2 million people visit the caves annually. D．The site of the park was decided by the secretary. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Back in the 1920s，Secretary of Interior Hubert Work created...in 1925 to survey proposed park sites，including the caves.After years of work...Mammoth Cave National Park was established on July 1,1941.”可推知，建立这个公园做了大量的工作。故选A。 4．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Taking Cultural and Adventurous Tours B．Preserving a Unique and Historical Wonder C．Exploring the World’s Longest Cave System D．Establishing Mammoth Cave National Park 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文，前四段介绍猛犸洞穴国家公园的石灰岩洞穴系统的形成过程和历史、文化意义，最后一段介绍了政府为开发这个国家公园做出的努力以及该公园现在的发展状况，因此可知全文围绕“探索世界上最长的洞穴系统”展开进行了多方面多角度的描述，故选C。 B As the threat against coral reefs has increased，researchers are introducing innovative methods to farm healthy corals more efficiently. Unlike the traditional way of growing corals in the ocean，land-based nurseries nurture(培育) corals in tanks before planting them onto reefs.While the operations tend to come with a high price tag and are more labor intensive，they provide an opportunity to raise corals in a controlled environment where experimental methods could be used and allow for repairing reefs on a massive scale. These methods include growing corals in tanks on land，or using advanced techniques to promote growth rates and adaptability to the changing environment.Coral Vita，a for-profit company in Grand Bahama，can now grow corals up to 50 times faster than in nature by cutting corals into small pieces，a process known as “microfragmentation”． The farm is also equipped with a high-tech aquaculture system，referred to by Coral Vita employees as the “life support system”，which can regulate water quality through temperature，pH and other adjustable settings.The system can be set up elsewhere with some adjustments for a region’s specific coral.“It can be very plug and play，which is really important for large-scale restoration，” says Teicher，founder of Coral Vita. The potential for large scale is critical to Coral Vita’s business plan，which is connected to the idea or “selling restoration as a service”．In 2021，Coral Vita signed its first restoration contracts with the Grand Bahama Port Authority.“There are about 100 countries and regions with coral reefs，” Teicher says.“There need to be large-scale coral farms in every single one of them.The amount of funding in the non-profit space is a drop in the bucket，and our model could help make the field less dependent on donations.” Marine biologist David Vaughan points out that Coral Vita may have a couple million dollars in start-up costs and plants fewer than 5,000 to 10,000 corals a year.“That isn’t the economic scale that we need to get this to，” Vaughan says，adding hundreds of thousands of operations “costing couple of dollars a coral” will be required. 5．In which aspect are new methods of coral restoration different from traditional ways? A．Growing corals can be more economical. B．Fewer workers are needed to grow corals. C．Corals are grown in artificial environments. D．New methods are more environment-friendly. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，新方法是在陆地上的水箱里种植珊瑚，不像传统方法在自然环境中种植，故选C。 6．What does Teicher mean by saying “plug and play”？ A．The farm’s technology is advanced. B．The system is easy to operate. C．Many places have brought in the system. D．He is confident of his farm’s future. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“The system can be set up elsewhere with some adjustments for a region’s specific coral.”推断，Teicher的话的意思是系统操作方便。plug and play为“即插即用的”之意。故选B。 7．Why does Teicher choose the for-profit model? A．Because the model can help him become rich. B．Because the model is required by the authority. C．Because there are fewer non-profit companies. D．Because donations are not enough for restoration. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“There need to be large-scale coral farms in every single one of them.The amount of funding in the non-profit space is a drop in the bucket，and our model could help make the field less dependent on donations.”可推知，慈善捐款对于大规模修复珊瑚礁是不够的。因此Teicher选择营利性模式。故选D。 8．What is Vaughan’s attitude towards Coral Vita’s plan? A．Approving. B．Skeptical. C．Unclear. D．Tolerant. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。最后一段中Vaughan先指出Coral Vita的启动资金可能有数百万，然而一年只种植了少于5 000到10 000株珊瑚。接着他说这不是我们想要达到的规模。因此Vaughan对Coral Vita的计划持有怀疑态度。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Advantages of Solar Power As the name suggests，solar power makes the most of the sunlight and is put to good use for its users.Despite some disadvantages，the advantages of it are so great that they cannot be ignored.In short，solar electricity system is an excellent addition to other conventional sources of energy. 1 A solar panel system，when coupled to your electric function，can sufficiently reduce or even cancel your electric bill，yet providing you with the option of using traditional power whenever needed. 2 It’s simple to operate as well and this is another advantage.Just ensure that you have the right technology in terms of space use and performance. But perhaps the most widely well-known advantage of solar power is that this is green energy. 3 This is a great advantage in today’s world where we need to be concerned about the high levels of pollution and global warming.Let us all take some responsibility and do something that can clean up our atmosphere to some extent at least.So while on the one hand solar power is clean，on the other hand，it can also greatly reduce the electricity bill of the users. 4 So if you are thinking in terms of installing a solar electric system in your home or commercial property，you should go ahead and do it by all means. And the best news is that the solar power system can be built in your house itself. 5 That is why you need a brochure that can tell you all about these issues. A．So it is time to take action. B．You cannot ignore the advantages mentioned above. C．When referred to，solar energy is perhaps the best power in the world. D．Also，the flexible system allows you to use it on a wide range of applications. E．But you need to know how and where to make it，where to get the parts affordably etc. F．This power does not cause any pollution，which is why it is such an attraction to many. G．Here are some of the advantages of equipping a solar power system in your home or office. 1．答案　G 解析　根据文章标题以及第二段的“A solar panel system...can sufficiently reduce or even cancel your electric bill”“It’s simple to operate as well and this is another advantage.”和第三段第一句可知，空格处引起下文对太阳能的优点的详细介绍，G选项“以下是在家中或办公室安装太阳能系统的一些优点。”符合语境，故选G。 2．答案　D 解析　根据空格前后句可知，空格处同样介绍的是这种太阳能电池板系统的优点，根据后文中的“Just ensure that you have the right technology in terms of space use and performance.”可知，D选项符合语境，说明只要你掌握了空间利用和性能方面的技术，这种灵活的系统应用范围甚广，故选D。 3．答案　F 解析　空格前一句指出太阳能是一种绿色能源，F选项说明了太阳能环保这一个优点，和空前说它是绿色能源相呼应，故选F。 4．答案　B 解析　空格后给读者提出了安装太阳能电力系统的建议，因此空格处应该说明要安装这种太阳能电力系统的原因，结合前面讲的太阳能电力系统的优点可知，B选项很好地解释了为什么一定要安装这种系统，故选B。 5．答案　E 解析　根据空格后一句“That is why you need a brochure that can tell you all about these issues.”可知，空格处应提到某些问题。E选项提到了一些问题，和后文需要一个能告诉这些问题的答案的小册子相呼应，故选E。 Ⅲ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) China has detailed measures to boost its climate change monitoring and risk prevention capabilities，marking a significant step forward in the country’s efforts 1. (enhance) its climate resilience(气候适应性)． The country will seek to build a climate-resilient society 2. climate change monitoring and early warning capability will reach an advanced level globally and the climate risk management and prevention system will 3. (basic) mature，according to the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035，jointly 4. (publish) by 17 departments including the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. The first time China 5. (issue) a national climate change adaptation strategy，China took measures to prevent and control major climate-related disaster risks 6._________________ an effective manner，and greatly improved the technical and standard system for adapting to climate change.Since then，positive results 7. (achieve) in improving adaptation to climate change in key regions and industries. As the global climate 8. (far) warms，the long-term unfavorable effects and extreme weather events brought about by climate change will pose 9. increasingly serious threat to China’s economic development.The document underlined measures to improve climate change monitoring and forecasting services，enhance assessment of climate change impacts and risks，and 10. (strength) disaster prevention. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国已经采取了详细的措施来提高气候变化监测和风险预防能力，这标志着中国在提高气候适应能力方面迈出了重要的一步。 1．答案　to enhance 解析　考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词担当名词efforts的后置定语，要用不定式。故填to enhance。 2．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。句中先行词为society，关系词在定语从句中担当地点状语，要用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 3．答案　basically 解析　考查副词。修饰动词mature，要用副词形式作状语。故填basically。 4．答案　published 解析　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035与publish之间存在被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语。故填published。 5．答案　issued 解析　考查时态。此处是时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语动词took的时态可知，从句用一般过去时。故填issued。 6．答案　in 解析　考查介词。in a(n)．..manner意为“以……方式”，为固定短语。故填in。 7．答案　have been achieved 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Since then可判断，时态为现在完成时；主语为positive results，复数，和动词achieve之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填have been achieved。 8．答案　further 解析　考查副词的比较级。修饰动词warms，用副词形式。根据句意可知，此处表示随着全球气候进一步变暖，应用比较级。注意further和farther之间的区别：farther一般只用于表示有形距离，是指距离(空间)或时间上更远；而further既可表示有形距离，又可表示程度上进一步。本空为程度上进一步地。故填further。 9．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。修饰可数名词单数threat，此处是泛指，用不定冠词。由于increasingly的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 10．答案　strengthen 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处与前面的to improve...，(to) enhance...并列，作measures的后置定语，空前省略了不定式符号to。故填strengthen。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $