Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第二册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

本讲义围绕“可再生能源”核心主题，构建“速读整体理解—细读深度获取—读后语言巩固”学习支架，涵盖文章大意、篇章结构、细节题分析，衔接语法填空、句式解析（如定语从句、现在分词作状语）及重点词块，形成从输入到输出的完整学习脉络。 资料以分层阅读任务提升语言能力，通过句式研析培养思维品质，设计写作仿写与组句成篇活动。课中助力教师引导学生深度理解文本，课后训练题（阅读、七选五、语法填空）帮助学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，有效发展学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the text? A．An introduction to a village. B．An introduction to power supply. C．An introduction to renewable energy. D．An introduction to fossil fuels. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．Why does the author mention the story of the villagers in the first paragraph? A．To prove that coal mining can bring economic boom. B．To warn that coal mining can cause damage to the environment. C．To present a scene where people live in harmony with nature. D．To tell the readers that coal is not worth mining. 答案　B 2．Which of the following items does not belong to renewable energy? A．Hydroelectricity. B．Solar energy. C．Biomass energy. D．Petroleum. 答案　D 3．Why can’t fossil fuels be completely replaced with renewable energy? A．Because fossil fuels can well satisfy the demands of the people all over the world. B．Because fossil fuels are easy to exploit from under the earth. C．Because some renewable energy sources have their own disadvantages. D．Because thermal batteries for storing extra energy are rather expensive. 答案　C 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of renewable energy? A．Optimistic. B．Pessimistic. C．Unconcerned. D．Not mentioned. 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 As we all know，the burning of fossil fuels will produce a large quantity 1.of carbon dioxide and cause global warming.In addition，their reserves 2.are estimated(estimate) to dry up one day in the future.As a result，it is urgent 3.to replace(replace) fossil fuels with renewable energy.Renewable energy sources,4.which include solar，wind，hydroelectric，tidal，biomass and geothermal energy，are perfect alternatives to fossil fuels.Renewable energy sources are 5.basically(basic) inexhaustible and will be available to us for a few billion more years if our planet 6.remains(remain) safe and healthy.However，renewable energy sources have their own 7.disadvantages(advantage)．They are not available everywhere and at any given moment.Besides，it is not easy to store extra energy for future use.With these challenges in mind，scientists are working hard to solve the energy 8.storage(store) problem.There is no doubt 9.that renewable energy will form a big part of our future and help us build a 10.greener(green) and healthier world. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．There was once a village surrounded(surround) by fertile fields with farmers tending their crops and farm animals grazing lazily below a mighty mountain.(P16，Para.1) 句式分析：此句是there be句型； 主干部分为There was once a village；with farmers tending their crops and farm animals grazing lazily为with的复合结构，其中tending 和grazing并列在此结构中作宾语补足语，below a mighty mountain 作地点状语。 汉语翻译：从前有一个村庄，周围是肥沃的土地，农民们耕种庄稼，牲畜在高山下懒洋洋地吃草。 2．Villagers eagerly accepted the high-paid jobs the mining company provided，bringing(bring) a temporary economic boom.(P16，Para.1) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。主句为Villagers eagerly accepted the high-paid jobs; the mining company provided为定语从句，the high-paid jobs是从句的先行词，省略了关系代词that/which。 汉语翻译：村民们迫不及待地接受了采矿公司提供的高薪工作，这带来了短暂的经济繁荣。 3．Actually，once burnt，they produce a large quantity of carbon dioxide，which in turn traps heat and causes global warming.(P16，Para.2) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。主句为they produce...carbon dioxide；句中once引导时间状语从句，因其主语和主句的主语相同，因而省略了主语和be动词，其完整形式为once they are burnt；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰carbon dioxide。 汉语翻译：事实上，一旦燃烧，它们(化石燃料)就会产生大量的二氧化碳，二氧化碳继而会吸收热量并导致全球变暖。 4．A study found that renewable energy sources emit about 50g or less of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour over their lifetime，compared (compare) to about 1,000g for coal.(P16，Para.2) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。that引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：一项研究发现，可再生能源在其生命周期中，产生每千瓦时电力排放的二氧化碳只有约 50 克或更少，而煤炭燃烧排放的二氧化碳约为 1 000克。 5．In contrast，renewable energy sources are basically(basic) inexhaustible and will be available to us for a few billion more years if our planet remains safe and healthy.(P16，Para.2) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。主句为renewable energy sources are...for a few billion more years，主句中and连接两个并列的谓语；if引导条件状语从句。 汉语翻译：相比之下，可再生能源基本上是无穷无尽的，只要我们的地球安全、健康，可再生能源还可供我们使用几十亿年。 6．For instance，mining for the rare metals used(use) in the batteries is expensive，and when not properly recycled，the batteries leak dangerous chemicals into the environment.(P17，Para.4) 句式分析：此句是并列复合句。在第二个分句中，when not properly recycled为时间状语从句的省略，完整形式应为when the batteries are not properly recycled。 汉语翻译：例如，电池中使用的稀有金属开采成本高，并且如果电池没有合理回收，就会向环境中泄漏有毒的化学物质。 7．A solar collector would be placed(place) in a location where there is constant sunlight to capture higher levels of solar energy for longer periods.(P17，Para.5) 句式分析：此句是主从复合句。主句为A solar collector...in a location；where引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。 汉语翻译：太阳能收集器将被安放在太阳光总能照射到的地方，从而能够在更长时间内收集到更多太阳能。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 whose引导定语从句 Besides，fossil fuels are non-renewable，whose reserves are estimated to dry up one day in the future.(P16，Para.2) 此外，化石燃料是不可再生的，其储备预计在未来某一天会枯竭。 句式分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为fossil fuels are non-renewable，whose引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为fossil fuels。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————•whose引导定语从句时，whose在从句中作定语，可以指人也可指物。 •“whose＋n.”结构一般可以与“the＋n.＋of＋which/whom”结构互换。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)同学们轮流照顾这名腿部受伤的男孩，并把他及时送往医院。 Classmates took turns to take care of the boy whose leg/the leg of whom was injured and rushed him to hospital in time. (2)(应用文写作之活动介绍)夏令营将于6月14日至16日在北京北海公园开始，目的是提高参加者对中国文化的了解。 The summer camp will start from June 14th to 16th in Beihai Park in Beijing，whose aim/the aim of which is to improve participants’ understanding of Chinese culture. 现在分词(短语)作状语 Looking forward，we should invest in new technologies and innovative thinking that open the door to a whole new world where we decrease reliance on fossil fuels.(P17，Para.6) 展望未来，我们应该投资新技术和新思维，这些新技术和新思维打开了一扇对化石燃料依赖程度更低的全新世界的大门。 句式分析：本句为主从复合句。Looking forward为现在分词短语作状语；that引导的是定语从句；where引导的是定语从句。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————•现在分词(短语)作状语时，通常情况下其逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致，可以在句中作条件、让步、方式或伴随、时间、结果等状语。 •现在分词表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生，如果现在分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系，就用现在分词的一般主动式(doing)；如果两者之间是被动关系，则用现在分词的一般被动式(being done)。 •现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，如果现在分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系，就用其完成主动式(having done)；如果两者之间是被动关系，则用其完成被动式(having been done)。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你被北京大学录取，我写信祝贺你。 Learning that you get admitted to Peking University，I am writing to congratulate you. (2)在疗养院她受到很好的照顾，身体恢复得很快。 Being well taken care of，she recovered quickly in the nursing home. (3)星期六早上收拾好行李后，我和同学们乘公共汽车去了目的地。 Having packed up my luggage on Saturday morning，I headed for the destination with my classmates by bus. (4)我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。 Having been shown around the classrooms，we were taken to see the library. (5)(应用文写作之求助信)我给你写信，希望得到你的指导和建议。 I’m writing you a letter，hoping to get your guidance and suggestions. 课文重点词块默写 1．被……包围be surrounded by 2．刺穿；开辟；抄近路走过cut through 3．对……有影响have an effect on 4．大量的a large quantity of 5．反过来；转而；轮流，依次in turn 6．……的替代方案；替代品an alternative to 7．往往会 tend to do 8．与……相比compared to/with 9．枯竭，耗尽；干涸dry up 10．与此相反；比较起来in contrast 11．对……做出解释；说明……的原因；导致；(比例)占…… account for 12．用……代替……replace...with... 13．满足某人的需求 meet one’s demands 14．高达，多达；胜任；直到；取决于；忙于……up to 15．毫无疑问without doubt 16．为……提供达到目的的手段，为……创造机会 open the door to 单句写作(课文佳句仿写) 1．由于古树在改善我们的环境方面发挥了关键作用，保持这些百年古树的生存和健康是维护和推进我们城市历史的重要组成部分。(with的复合结构) With the old trees playing a key role in improving our environment，keeping these century-old trees alive and healthy is a vital component to safeguard and carry forward our city’s history. 2．近年来，我们已经意识到由于环境的变化、自然灾害和人类的破坏，大部分古树已经干枯了。(that引导的宾语从句，dry up) In recent years，we have realized that most of the old trees have dried up，due to environmental changes，natural disasters，and human destruction. 3．如果我们选择忽视这个情况，它会变得更加糟糕。(if引导的条件状语从句) If we choose to ignore it，the situation will become worse. 4．在我看来，政府应该实施一些法律来保护古树不受破坏，并呼吁每一位公民在这一有价值的事业中发挥作用。(implement) In my opinion，the government should implement some laws in order to protect the old trees from destruction and appeal to every citizen to play a part in this worthy cause. 5．如果可能的话，我们的城市应该列出一个古树的清单，包括稀有树种，从而使它们成为关注的焦点。(状语从句的省略；现在分词作状语) If possible，our city should make a list of old trees，including the rare tree species，thus bringing them into focus. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Why We Need to Protect Century-old Trees With the old trees playing a key role in improving our environment，keeping these century-old trees alive and healthy is a vital component to safeguard and carry forward our city’s history. In recent years，we have realized that most of the old trees have dried up，due to environmental changes，natural disasters，and human destruction.It’s really a pity to see these old trees vanish from our view one after another.If we choose to ignore it，the situation will become worse. In my opinion，firstly，the government should implement some laws in order to protect the old trees from destruction and appeal to every citizen to play a part in this worthy cause.In addition，if possible，our city should make a list of old trees，including the rare tree species，thus bringing them into focus. All in all，only if we make joint efforts can we open the door to protecting the old trees. 训练1　Welcome to the unit & Reading [分值：45分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共7题；每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A Do you want a part-time job to earn some extra money？Check out the list and find one that suits your fancy. TECHNICAL SUPPORT It seems almost everyone has a friend who is a technical genius.Such people earn money using their talent.If you are one of them，you could be responsible for technical support in your college or university and get your part-time job.You can enjoy the process of earning money while doing your favorite thing. TUTOR A lot of students hire a tutor to help them in high school or college.If you are good at some subjects，why not work as a peer tutor？You help your friends and earn money at the same time.If you know foreign languages，you can make more money.All you need to do is to make an appropriate advertisement of your services using college newspapers.One of the best things about being a tutor is that you can set your hours. FITNESS INSTRUCTOR If your college or university has a fitness center and if you are a sporty person，go and sign up to get this job.You will have an absolute free opportunity to engage yourself in sports.You need to be a good psychologist，because you are going to work with people and it’ll be your job to persuade and motivate them to become sporty，healthy and strong.Being a fitness instructor is a perfect position for those who love to help other people and want to make more friends. OFFICE WORKER Nowadays many companies cooperate with college students giving them part-time jobs.Some of the major job duties of an office worker are answering calls and scheduling appointments.If you are interested in doing this job，contact the representatives of different companies to find out if they’re currently hiring anyone. 语篇解读　这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了大学生可以从事的四个兼职工作：技术援助、家教、健身教练和办公室职员。 1．If you want to have a flexible schedule while earning some money，which of the following suits you most? A．Technical support. B．Tutor. C．Fitness instructor. D．Office worker. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据TUTOR部分中“One of the best things about being a tutor is that you can set your hours.”可知，做家教最好的一点就是可以自己安排时间。故选B项。 2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．As a part-time office worker，you are responsible for answering emails. B．If you work as a fitness instructor，you should be sporty and sociable. C．If you are good at foreign languages，you are able to earn more as a tutor. D．The four kinds of part-time jobs are intended for college students. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Some of the major job duties of an office worker are answering calls and scheduling appointments.”可知，办公室职员的一些主要工作职责是接电话和安排预约，不是回复邮件。故选A项。 3．How can one get a job as a part-time office worker? A．By submitting the application. B．Through an online interview. C．By advertising in the newspaper. D．By contacting the representative of the company. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If you are interested in doing this job，contact the representatives of different companies to find out if they’re currently hiring anyone.”可知，如果对办公室职员这份工作感兴趣的话，可以联系不同公司的代表，看看他们现在是否在招人。故选D项。 B For some climate challenges，there are relatively straightforward fixes.For example，renewable energy sources can already replace much of the energy needed to power buildings，cars and more. There’s no substitute for food，but shifting what we eat is possible.If everyone on the planet ate vegetables，greenhouse gas emissions from the food system could be cut by more than half; a planet of vegetarians would reduce food emissions by 44 percent.If we stopped consuming conventional food and relied on a lab-grown nutritional food instead of soil or water-produced food，we could prevent about 1 degree centigrade of future warming，according to a recent paper that considered the unique thought experiment. “What this work says is: Hey，look，we can still get pretty big wins even if we’re not making these really big changes in dietary composition，”says Clark.“I think that’s really powerful，because a lot of people just don’t want to make those really big dietary changes，for many reasons.While vegetarian diets are becoming more common in the US and Europe，it’s absolutely ridiculous to assume that everyone will be eating a vegetarian diet 30 years from now，” he says. Food choices are personal，deeply connected to culture，religion，emotion，economic concerns and so much more.“Rather than dictate how to do，it’s much better to try to give choice，” says Naglaa，a food，nutrition and environment researcher at Tufts University.This approach aims to inform people so that they can make choices that correspond with their needs and values.As a whole，those choices can benefit both human health and the planet.For that to happen would require working alongside large-scale efforts to reshape industrial food production. “But what people choose to eat daily is far from insignificant，” says Clark.“We don’t all have to become vegetarians overnight.Small changes can make big impacts.” 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何通过改变饮食习惯来应对气候挑战，饮食上的小小改变能给地球带来积极的影响。 4．How does the author show the effects of dietary changes? A．By answering questions. B．By listing figures. C．By analyzing the reasons. D．By using a quotation. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者通过列举一系列数据来展示饮食变化的影响。故选B。 5．What does the underlined word “dictate” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Perceive. B．Refuse. C．Command. D．Describe. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据前文“Food choices are personal，deeply connected to culture，religion，emotion，economic concerns and so much more.”以及后文“it’s much better to try to give choice”并结合Rather than可知，dictate应是和后文的give choice意思相反，且和食物选择有关，所以推知画线词所在句是“与其命令怎么做，不如试着给出选择”之意，所以dictate是“命令”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C。 6．What’s Clark’s attitude towards small dietary changes? A．Indifferent. B．Skeptical. C．Negative. D．Favorable. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，克拉克认为小的饮食方面的改变可以产生大的影响，所以是持赞成态度。故选D。 7．What is the best title for the text? A．How Small Changes to Our Diet Can Benefit the Planet B．Renewable Energy Sources Can Reduce Gas Emissions C．Small Changes in Life Choices Can Make Big Impacts D．Lab-Grown Nutritional Food Could Prevent Future Warming 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何通过改变饮食习惯来应对气候挑战，饮食上的小小改变能给地球带来积极的影响，所以A项“How Small Changes to Our Diet Can Benefit the Planet”是本文最好的标题。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) It can be hard for one person to protect the environment by himself.If you teenagers want to do something，like stopping pollution or protecting wildlife，you can gather like-minded people in an environmental club. 1 And with a good club，you and your friends can be up to the task. Choose a cause.Some good ideas might be something like，“Save the whales！” But nothing says you can’t do more than one cause. 2 For example，you could work to save polar bears in November，plant trees in December，and stop global warming in January. 3 This can be as simple as “The Environmental Club” or as cool as “Team Environment”．You can also use some other words，such as green，environment-friendly，and of course，something that relates to your cause. Find a clubhouse.Now that you have your club，you must find a place where all the members can get together to discuss your projects. 4 If your parents allow it，you can choose your yard or even your living room as the place for your club meetings. Decide on jobs.You can work as an activity organizer，a project manager or the president who decides all the meeting times，new members，meeting places，activities and projects.Each person can have a different job. 5 And how? Often remind them of the same goal they’re working towards. A．Name your club. B．Great minds think alike. C．After all，saving the world is a big job. D．Choose members to hold all the meetings. E．Your club could do a different cause every month. F．It could be in the woods，in the park or in the classroom. G．But encourage all members to support each other’s work. 1．答案　C 解析　上文提到青少年可以组织环保俱乐部一起来保护环境，下文说有了俱乐部就可以胜任某个任务，所以C项“毕竟，拯救世界是一项艰巨的任务”承上启下，符合语境，故选C。 2．答案　E 解析　根据上文“But nothing says you can’t do more than one cause.”可知，可以做很多不同的事情，E项“你的俱乐部可以每个月做不同的事情”符合语境，下文也是对E项的举例说明，故选E。 3．答案　A 解析　根据空后“This can be as simple as ‘The Environmental Club’ or as cool as ‘Team Environment’．”可知，本段主要讲怎样给俱乐部取名字，A项概括段落主旨，引领下文，故选A。 4．答案　F 解析　上文提到为俱乐部找到一个聚会的地点，F项“它可以是在树林里，在公园里，或者在教室里”举例说明可以选择哪些地点，符合语境，故选F。 5．答案　G 解析　上文提到每个人可以负责不同的工作，结合下文“And how? Often remind them of the same goal they’re working towards.”可知，虽然每个人有不同的工作，但是要提醒他们大家的目标是一样的，G项“但要鼓励所有成员支持彼此的工作”符合语境，故选G。 Ⅲ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分) The Qinling Mountains are one of the most biodiverse mountain ranges.According to an announcement from the Shaanxi government，local authorities 1. (shut) over 200 mines and hydropower(水力发电) plants down in key areas of the Qinling Mountains since an official rule 2. (design) to protect the rich ecosystem went into effect. The Qinling Mountains 3. (think) to be home to several organisms found only in China.The scenery is amazing there，varying 4. the season and geography. Wang Fang，a conservation biologist at Fudan University，said 5. would be affected by the mine and hydropower projects are not only animals but also the region’s climate patterns in the long run.He added such constructions may help the local economy,6. it shouldn’t come at the cost of the environment. Before the 7. (prohibit) of mining started，a series of activities had damaged its ecosystem.However，Wang was optimistic that the damage could be repaired.Referring to how forest areas 8. (severe) damaged by unregulated logging in the 1990s bounced back，he believed stricter laws could prove 9. (benefit) this time，too.“The species at the Qinling Mountains are quite tough，so maybe we’ll see 10. (they) recovery in 20 or 30 years，” he said. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。秦岭生物多样性丰富，为了保护秦岭山脉的生态环境，当地的200多座矿井和水电厂被关闭。 1．答案　have shut 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。主语local authorities为复数，故填have shut。 2．答案　designed 解析　考查过去分词。since引导的从句中已有谓语动词went，故空处应用非谓语动词。design与rule为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。 3．答案　are thought 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。该句描述客观情况，需用一般现在时；主语为复数名词，且与think之间为被动关系，故填are thought。 4．答案　with 解析　考查介词。句意：那里的景色很美，随季节和地形而异。结合句意可知，固定短语vary with sth表示“根据……变化，变更，改变”。 5．答案　what 解析　考查名词性从句。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故填what。 6．答案　but/yet 解析　考查并列连词。句意：他补充说，此类建筑有利于当地经济，但不应以环境为代价。前后分句之间为转折关系，故填but/yet。 7．答案　prohibition 解析　考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，空处应用名词。prohibition禁止，禁令。 8．答案　severely 解析　考查副词。空处修饰非谓语动词damaged，应用副词形式。severely严重地。 9．答案　beneficial 解析　考查形容词。prove“证明是，被发现是”在句中作系动词，应用所给词的形容词形式作表语，故填beneficial“有利的，有帮助的”。 10．答案　their 解析　考查代词。空处修饰名词recovery，应用形容词性物主代词作定语，表示“它们的”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $