Unit 1 同题异文 群文阅读（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第二册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

本高中英语讲义围绕流行病与流感的科学认知展开，先系统梳理流行病的定义、分类标准及历史案例，再聚焦流感的传播方式、甲型与乙型病毒差异、疫苗更新及防治措施，辅以词汇积累表和阅读理解题搭建学习支架。 该资料通过外刊选段与教材内容结合，在语言能力上借助词汇注释和阅读习题提升学生理解与表达能力，在思维品质上通过对比流感类型、分析历史案例培养分析推断能力。课中助力教师高效授课，课后学生可利用词汇表和习题巩固知识，查漏补缺。

A (选自北师大版选择性必修第三册Unit 9) An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less.Epidemics have been happening for as long as there have been people living on Earth.They can be caused by several different factors, such as a virus being carried into an area，or changes in the way people live，like more people living in an area，which increases the chances of them coming into contact with a virus or bacteria. Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease.The number of deaths is different for every disease.So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic; as opposed to more common diseases，such as the flu，that have a higher baseline.The common cold is a widespread virus that affects millions of people，but it is not seen as being a serious enough condition to deserve the classification of an epidemic. With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics. Since bird flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken more than a hundred lives.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic，especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus. One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE.Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.Then，in the 1330s，this epidemic returned，this time in Asia.It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as “The Black Death” because one visible symptom was black spots on the body. Centuries later，the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918，also called the Spanish Flu，struck near the end of World War Ⅰ.Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease.As a result of the war，more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.More people died of the flu than died in the war.Initially，many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern. The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in Guangdong Province.It spread to Canada，Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003.SARS was examined by scientists，who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes.Infection rates went up steadily，and in the course of the outbreak，about 8,000 people were infected over nine months.Since the end of the SARS epidemic，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks. Then，from 2013 to 2016，there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa，which resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.11,310 deaths were officially recorded，but the actual number of deaths is probably much higher.The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas，indicating that very few people got over it. Despite，or perhaps because of，the epidemics the world has faced in recent years，governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives. 词汇积累 1．epidemic n．传染病，流行病 2．classify vt.将……分类；把……归类 3．baseline n．基准 4．classification n．归类，分类，分级 5．in the course of在……过程中；在……期间 6．systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的 1．What is the text mainly about? A．An epidemic，an infectious disease. B．The history of the epidemics. C．How to get over the epidemics. D．How to kill several widespread viruses. 答案　A 2．Which of the following is NOT the feature of an epidemic? A．It spreads rapidly. B.A large number of people are affected. C．It can be caused by different factors. D．No one can survive it. 答案　D 3．What’s the main idea of the second paragraph? A．The low baseline of epidemics. B．The classification of an epidemic. C．The epidemic is different from the common flu. D．A few cases will also be classified as an epidemic. 答案　B 4．What made the Spanish Flu the most severe epidemic? A．More people travelled and moved than ever before. B．People didn’t think it could cause a threat at first. C．It broke out near the end of World War Ⅰ. D．All of above. 答案　A 5．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．People should realize the effects of epidemics. B．Governments worldwide have conquered the current disease. C．Countries should work together to solve epidemics. D．People should know the epidemics that have occurred. 答案　C B (节选自外刊阅读) Each fall，the flu emerges as a formidable force，spreading through the droplets produced when people cough，sneeze or talk，and sometimes hitching a ride to our noses by way of the infected surfaces that we touch.Influenza viruses cause tens of millions of illnesses and thousands of deaths in the United States each year. There are two players every flu season: influenza Type A and Type B．Influenza A tends to pop up early in the season and accounts for more than 75 percent of all cases，while influenza B typically has a distinct but much smaller peak in late February or March. “You tend to have one or the other virus predominant at any given time，” said Anice Lowen，an associate professor of microbiology and immunology at the Emory University School of Medicine.Here’s what to know about the flu viruses. What’s the difference between Type A and Type B? Influenza A viruses come in many varieties.Four subtypes commonly affect humans，Dr.Lowen said—you may have heard of H1N1，for example.But many more influenza A viruses have been identified in animals，which makes it a potential source of pandemics whenever a new type of influenza A jumps to humans，she said.All four flu pandemics—in 1918,1957 and 1968 and the swine flu pandemic of 2009—were caused by Type A viruses. Influenza B viruses，however，only circulate in humans.They are divided into just two kinds that cause seasonal outbreaks，Dr.Lowen said.Because influenza B viruses evolve more slowly than influenza A viruses，they have shorter and more predictable flu seasons. In the United States，flu vaccines are updated annually to include two types each of influenza A and B viruses；scientists pick strains of the viruses expected to be dominant that year.“Your antibodies and your immunity toward these viruses will become weak over time，” Dr.Sean Liu said.“So the updated vaccine helps remind your body how to react when you face new versions of the virus.” Public health officials recommend everyone six months and older get an annual flu vaccine. What are symptoms of an influenza infection? If you do get sick with the flu，the most common symptoms include a sudden fever，chills，muscle aches，fatigue and respiratory ailments(疾病)，such as a cough or sore throat.Most otherwise healthy people are sick for three to seven days，Dr.Liu said.In some cases，the cough and fatigue can last for two weeks. How do you know which type you have? Some rapid tests available at doctors’ offices and urgent care centers can distinguish between influenza A and B，although they tend to have low sensitivity，a measure of how well a test performs at catching cases of flu.Doctors can also order more sensitive PCR tests to identify the specific flu virus causing infection，Dr.Liu said，“but it doesn’t change management much.” How do you treat influenza? The approach to treating the flu，regardless of type，revolves around relieving symptoms and supporting the body’s natural defenses，Dr.Liu said.There are four approved antiviral medications，including Tamiflu，that are commonly prescribed to shorten the duration and severity of illness.Doctors typically reserve these antivirals for people at risk of developing severe complications，Dr.Liu said，including people 65 years and older，those who are pregnant or have chronic conditions like asthma，diabetes or heart disease，and children younger than 5.Because the drugs shave off only a day or so of illness，experts believe the benefits are not worth the cost of treatment for most people. For those recovering at home，doctors recommend staying hydrated，getting plenty of rest and using over-the-counter medications to reduce fever as needed.But if your symptoms persist，you develop a sustained fever of 39℃ or higher，you have difficulty breathing or you experience severe chest or stomach pain，it is important to seek medical attention immediately.These may be signs that you need a stronger influenza treatment. 词汇积累 1．formidable adj.可怕的；令人敬畏的；难对付的 2．hitch v．搭便车；免费搭车 3．influenza n．流行性感冒 4．predominant adj.主导的；盛行的 5．swine flu猪流感 6．circulate v．传播，流传；(液体或气体)环流，循环；传阅 7．fatigue n．疲劳；劳累 8．sensitivity n．敏感性；灵敏度 9．hydrate v．使吸入水分 1．What can we know about the flu from paragraph 1? A．The flu is easy to handle. B．The flu is an infectious disease. C．The flu has many types. D．The flu has a short duration. 答案　B 2．Which of the following may the writer agree with? A．Influenza A viruses come in only one variety. B．Influenza B viruses circulate in humans as well as in animals. C．Influenza A seems to be more severe than influenza B. D．Influenza B viruses evolve more quickly than influenza A viruses. 答案　C 3．Why do people update flu vaccines every year? A．To make the vaccines more affordable. B.To find more accurate information about the flu. C．To find which influenza is dominant. D．To help our body to react better when facing new versions of the virus. 答案　D 4．Which is a common symptom of the flu? A．A sudden fever.　　　 B．Stomachache. C．Headache. D．Heartache. 答案　A 5．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．Types of influenza. B．Symptoms of the flu. C．Approaches to dealing with the flu. D．Vaccines created to deal with the flu. 答案　C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $