Unit 1 Period 4 Using Language（配套课件PPT）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版·新教材）

该高中英语课件围绕“Science and scientists”主题，以钱学森和霍金事迹为核心，通过Fast reading梳理文本结构、Careful reading分析细节，搭建从文本理解到语言知识（如动词短语、句型）再到应用（翻译、写作）的学习支架，衔接前后知识点。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识、思维品质培养。通过科学家爱国与科学精神分析（如钱学森改学航空、霍金克服困难）增强文化意识，长难句结构分析提升语言能力，主题微写作（如袁隆平写作）培养思维品质。学生能在真实语境中用语言，教师可依托结构化练习提升教学效率。

Period 4 Using Language Unit 1 Science and scientists 内容索引 Step 1　课文深度理解 Step 2　语言知识梳理 Step 3　基础达标检测 作业4 课文深度理解 Task 1：Fast reading for the structure of the text Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below. THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE Brief introduction Study experience He was a man with “great scientific thought and scientific 1.________”. He was patriotic and well-respected. After the Songhu Battle broke out,he switched his major to 2.__________. He went to the US to study in 1935 and then became a 3.__________ in its jet and rocket technology. spirit aviation pioneer THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE Research work Qian Xuesen’s interests Qian’s death He was regarded as“the 5.________ of China’s aerospace” because of his contributions. He enjoyed reading,music and 6. _________. The whole country was in deep 7.________and people 8. ___________him in different ways. After returning to China in 1955,he was in charge of developing China’s rocket science as well as its space and 4. ___________programme. missile father drawing sorrow honoured A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT Para. 1 Introduction Para. 2 Stephen Hawking’s claim to fame Para. 3 Characteristics that made Hawking great Being 14.___________. Being 15.________. Being 16.____________. Forced to stay in 9.____________ due to a disease, he was one of 10._____________________________ _____________________. a wheelchair He achieved fame when he could still 11.______ as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 12.________. He proved 13. ______________theory true by pointing out the mistake in Fred Hoyle’s theory. the most famous and gifted scientists in physics walk 1964 the big bang brilliant brave determined Ⅱ.Skim the whole text to find out the main idea. The text introduces______________________________________________ ____________. two great scientists—Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking Task 2：Careful reading for the details of the text Activity 1　Read the story about Qian Xuesen and choose the best answer. 1.Why did Qian Xuesen change his major to aviation at university? A.To join the army. B.To land a good job. C.To meet his interest. D.To serve his motherland. √ 2.What order are paragraphs 2－5 written in? A.Time. B.Space. C.Logic. D.Flashback. √ 3.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the passage? A.His habit of reading a lot. B.His friends’ encouragement. C.His research in the United States. D.His intense interest in art like music and drawing. √ 4.Which method does the author use to introduce Qian? A.Offering analysis. B.Providing details. C.Listing examples. D.Making comparisons. √ Activity 2　Read the story about Stephen Hawking and do the following exercises. 5.How was Hawking’s own theory proven right? A.By his own abstract thought. B.By a professor at Cambridge. C.By astronomers with telescopes. D.By demonstrating his own theory. √ 6.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A.What qualities Hawking had. B.What made Hawking a great scientist. C.Why Hawking willingly admitted his faults. D.How he became one of the greatest thinkers. √ 7.Which can best describe Hawking? A.Brave and careful. B.Careless and disabled. C.Learned and humorous. D.Determined and brilliant. √ Task 3：Translate the following phrases into English. 1.对……有影响 2.上学 3.(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 4.做出决定做某事 5.把……转变为…… 6.保卫国家 7.在……时间内 _______________ ______________ _________ _________________________ _____________ _________________ _________________ have an impact on attend schools break out make the decision to do sth switch...to... defend the country over the course of 8.对……进行重要的研究 9.克服困难 10.主管；掌管 11.阻止某人做某事 12.接受挑战 13.在某人的领导下 14.追溯到 15.以不同的方式 16.对……熟悉 _____________________________ ___________________ ____________ __________________________ ____________________ ____________________ ________________ _______________ ________________ conduct important research into overcome difficulties in charge of discourage sb from doing sth take on the challenge under one’s leadership be traced back to in different ways be familiar with 17.患(病)；染上(小病) 18.获得名誉 19.问答环节 20.指出 21.犯错误 22.乐意做某事 23.梦想 24.最重要的是；尤其是 25.承认错误 _______________ ____________ _____________________________ _________ _______________ _________________ _______________ _________ _____________ come down with achieve fame the question and answer period point out make a mistake be willing to do sth dream of/about above all admit faults Task 4：Analyse some long and difficult sentences. 1.Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion，Qian was an extremely well-respected man.(P7第一篇 Para.1) [结构分析] 此句是 句，Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man...devotion是过去分词短语作 ，其中who引导 从句，修饰先行词 。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 复合 定语 a man 钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 状语 2.However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(P7第一篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是 句，after引导的是 从句，because引导的是 从句，that引导的是 从句，作动词realised的 。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 复合 时间状语 原因状语 不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 宾语 宾语 3.After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US，Qian returned to China in 1955.(P8第一篇 Para.4) [结构分析] 此句是 句，After overcoming...是介词短语作 。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ 简单 状语 留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。 4.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(P8第一篇 Para.4) [结构分析] 此句是 句，received和was put是两个并列 ，developing...是动词-ing形式作介词of的 。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 简单 谓语 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 宾语 5.When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not？We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.” (P8第一篇 Para.4) [结构分析] 此句是 句，when引导的是 从句，that引导的是 从句。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 复合 时间状语 定语 有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。” 6.Under Qian’s leadership，China developed the Dongfeng missiles，followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.(P8第一篇 Para.5) [结构分析] 此句是 句，followed by...是过去分词短语作 。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 简单 定语 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。 7.Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to Qian’s research，Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.(P8第一篇 Para.5) [结构分析] 此句是 句，because引导的是 从句。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 复合 由于“神舟”系列飞船的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。 原因状语 8.Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk.(P8第二篇 Para.1) [结构分析] 此句是 句，unable to move是形容词短语作 ，using a computer to talk是动词-ing形式作 。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 简单 定语 大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。 定语 9.Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought.(P8第二篇 Para.1) [结构分析] 此句是 句，since引导的是 从句，which引导的是 从句，修饰先行词 。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 原因状语 他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成一个抽象思维的世界。 复合 定语 a disease 10.Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk，as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964.(P8第二篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是 句，when引导的是 从句。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 复合 时间状语 霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。 11.The first was the steady state theory，which holds that the universe has no beginning or end.(P8第二篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是 句，which引导的是 从句，且在该从句中包含that引导的 从句。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ 复合 非限制性定语 第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终。 宾语 12.The other was the big bang theory，which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.(P8第二篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是 句，which引导的是 从句，修饰先行词the big bang theory，that引导的是 从句，作动词holds的_____。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ 复合 非限制性定语 另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。 宾语 宾语 13.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures，Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.(P8第二篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是 句，stood up和pointed out是并列 ，that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths是 从句。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 复合 谓语 在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。 宾语 14.Once the maths was corrected，it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true.(P8－9第二篇 Para.2) [结构分析] 此句是 句，once引导的是 从句，that引导的是____从句，从属连词that可省略。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ 复合 状语 错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。 宾语 15.Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.(P9第二篇 Para.3) [结构分析] 此句是 句，though sometimes careless 是 的省略，完整形式是though he was sometimes careless。what he said or did是______从句，作介词in的 。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 复合 状语从句 除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。 宾语 宾语 16.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.(P9第二篇 Para.3) [结构分析] 此句是 句，what others were afraid to say和what others were afraid to dream about是 从句。 [汉语翻译]_____________________________________________________ 复合 宾语 他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。 返 回 语言知识梳理 (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 [教材原句P7] However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 [译林版] The cries of women broke out；the men looked at each other，but were silent. 女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。 1 break out break away from脱离/挣脱…… break down出故障；坏掉；失败；(身体等)垮掉；消除 break in插话；破门而入 break into强行闯入；突然开始 break up打碎；结束；(关系等)破裂 [选词填空] (1)He was giving a vivid account of what had happened when his son ______________the room. (2)Only then was I aware that it was so foolish of me to _______________ my friends and never contact them. broke into break away from (3)(应用文写作之求助信)不幸的是，我最好的朋友和我爆发了激烈的争吵。更糟的是，我和她的关系破裂了，我们俩都不知道如何消除我们的隔阂。因此，我写信寻求您的帮助。 Unluckily，a terrible quarrel between my best friend and me.What’s worse，I with her and we had no idea how to .Thus，I am writing to ask for your assistance. broke out 写作佳句 broke up break down our barriers (4)(读后续写之情绪描写)他粗鲁地插嘴道：“我不应受责备。”然后，他愤怒地冲出了房间。 He ，“I am not to blame.” And then he stormed out of the room in anger. broke in rudely vt.保卫；防守；保护；辩解 (defence/defense n.防御；保卫) 2 defend [外研版] You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players—how they use their bodies to pass，score and defend can be amazing to see—or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist. 你不用成为球迷也能看明白职业球员的球技有多么好——他们运用身体传球、得分、防守，这些就足以令观众眼花缭乱——或者感受到球赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。 [北师大版] Bullies pick easy targets—people who are outside the peer group and whom the group is unlikely to defend. 恃强凌弱的人挑容易下手的目标——那些在同龄人群体之外、群体不太可能保护的人。 ·defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受…… defend oneself自卫 ·in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护；站在某人一边 (1)My assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in (defend) of herself. ＝My assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if (defend) herself. (2)Overcome with a sense of pity，the generous lawyer determined to be ____the poor boy’s defence for free. defence/defense defending in (3)(读后续写之动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子免受它的攻击。 Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed _________________________ ____________ like an arrow. 写作佳句 to defend his son from/against its attacks 主管；掌管(charge n.费用；主管，负责；看管；责任 v.收费；要价；控诉；指控；充电；向……冲去) in charge of 3 [教材原句P8] He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 [外研版] They are captured and taken inside the submarine，where they meet the man in charge，Captain Nemo. 他们一行人被抓了起来并被带到潜水艇内，在那里他们遇见了负责人——尼摩船长。 ·in the charge of由……负责；被……掌管 take charge of负责/看管(表动作) free of charge免费 ·charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事 [选词填空] (1)On the assumption that the coming opening ceremony will be ________________me，I will organize the following colorful activities. ＝On the assumption that I am the coming opening ceremony，I will organize the following colorful activities. in the charge of in charge of (2)(读后续写之肢体动作描写)The angry mechanic rose to his feet，charged through the door and disappeared in the darkness. 词义：______________ 向……冲去 (3)(读后续写之微写作)悲伤和恐惧的泪水顺着男孩的脸颊流淌下来，因为他被控告偷了那位女士的金戒指。她为这枚被盗的戒指向他索取许多钱。幸运的是，一位善良的老人主动免费为男孩辩护。一颗悬着的心终于落下了。 Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks，because he the woman’s gold ring.She ________________________________________.Luckily，a kind-hearted old man offered to defend the boy .A hanging heart finally fell. was charged with stealing 写作佳句 charged him much money for the stolen ring free of charge 染上(小病)，患(病) come down with 4 [教材原句P8] Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought. 他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 come across(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解 come about发生(无被动形式) come on加油；到来；得了吧 come out出版；结果是；(花)开放 when it comes to...当谈及…… come up走近；上来；被提及 come up with sth 想出/提出某事(物) [选词填空] (1)Learning that the gifted scientist a severe disease recently，we are quite concerned about her. (2)My assistant’s first novel ，which made me proud of him. (3)The police are investigating the root reason for the accident that ______________the other day，but so far they haven’t attained any useful information. has come down with came out came about (4)(应用文写作之建议信)当谈及英语学习，我有以下实用的建议和你分享。首先，当你遇到生词时，不要总是查词典。其次，课堂上老师的问题被提出时，你应该努力想出答案，并且恰当表达你的想法以便你的意思能够被理解。最后，如果你失败了，你必须对自己说：“加油！” 写作佳句 English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share with you. Above all，when you unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary. Furthermore，when teachers’ question in class，you should make great efforts to answers and express your ideas properly so that your meaning can_______________.Finally，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“ ！” When it comes to come across comes up come up with come across Come on 首先；最重要的是；尤其是 above all 5 [教材原句P9] Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults. 最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。 at all根本(常用于否定句和疑问句) after all毕竟；终究 first of all首先(强调顺序) in all一共；总计 all in all总的来说 [选词填空] (1)Thanks to your timely help，I managed to handle four problems . in all (2)(应用文写作之推荐信)我向你推荐的大学是北京大学。首先，你最好在来之前学些基本的汉语。毕竟，你将处在完全陌生的环境中。总的来说，在一种不同的文化中学习一点也不容易。 The university I recommend to you is Peking University.______ _______________ ，you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come. ，you will be under entirely unfamiliar circumstances. ，studying in a different culture . Above all/First of all 写作佳句 After all All in all is not easy at all [教材原句P7] Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 [结构分析] 此句是简单句，Born in Shanghai in 1911是过去分词短语作状语，to study Railway Mechanical Engineering是不定式短语作目的状语。 6 过去分词(短语)作状语 ·及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动的和完成的动作；不及物 动词的过去分词(短语)作状语只表示完成的动作。 ·过去分词(短语)作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称 一致。 ·有的过去分词已经转化成了形容词，作状语时不表示动作而是表示主 语的一种状态。 (1)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)被蜘蛛网(spider-webs)覆盖，这只蜂鸟几乎无法扇动翅膀。 ，the hummingbird was barely able to move her wings. (2)(个人成长类读后续写升华句)受到他的善举的鼓舞，我决定将来帮助更多的人，使我们的世界更美好、更温暖。 ，I determined to help more people in the future to make our world more beautiful and much warmer. Covered in spider-webs Inspired/Encouraged by his act of kindness (3)(读后续写之情绪描写)既害怕又沮丧，简坐在一棵树旁，用双臂抱住肩膀让自己暖和点。 ，Jane sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms to make herself warm. Scared and frustrated [教材原句P8] However，what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing.然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。 [结构分析] 此句是复合句，连接代词what引导的是主语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。 7 what 引导的名词性从句 连接代词what除引导主语从句外，还可引导表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，意为“什么”“……的事”“……的地方”“什么的样子”“……的时间”等。 (1)(2024·天津3月，书面表达)作为一名来自中国的高中生，我有责任告诉你，你在视频中所看到的是完全准确的。 Being a senior high school student from China，I feel responsible for informing you that is entirely accurate. what you have witnessed in the video (2)他不再是过去的样子了，现在他能够致力于学习。 He isn’t and now he can devote himself to learning. (3)(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)伊娃不知道该用什么方法在这座巨大的建筑物里辨别方向，她沮丧得几乎要哭了。 Eva had no idea ________________________________________________ ______________and so frustrated was she that she was on the edge of crying. (4)(读后续写之动作描写)在似乎一个世纪的时间之后，我的丈夫终于出现了，我冲向前，紧紧地拥抱他，眼里含着泪水。 After ，my husband finally arrived and I dashed forward and hugged him tightly，with my eyes filled with tears. what he used to be what method she should adopt to tell directions in the huge building 返 回 what seemed like a century 基础达标检测 1.The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my cellphone and I expressed my sincere thanks to him. 2.It never rains but it pours. 3.There is solid evidence to show he wasn’t there when the crime took place. 4.I will be on the night shift，so I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight. Ⅰ.品句猜词 _________ ________________ _____________ _________ vt.充电 vi.(雨)倾盆而下 adj.可靠的 n.轮班 1.The girl tackled the crisis without difficulty and a of a smile touched her mouth. 2.I am convinced that life can be easy to deal with when you are not busy finding with it. 3.For a shortage of proof，I can’t persuade them to trust me. 4.I have no alternative but to request him to help me make an of the speech. 5.The astronomer listened nervously， (转换) uncomfortably from one foot to the other. shadow Ⅱ.单词拼写 fault concrete abstract shifting 6.Honestly speaking，it is difficult for me to entirely understand these __________(概念). 7.Susan’s dream was turned into reality and tears of happiness _________ (倾泻) down her face. 8.Furthermore，all our favorite activities can be (追踪) back to specific points in history. concepts poured traced 1. (gift) in math and thus，he can digest what the teacher says quite easily. 2.The responsible assistant described had happened vividly to his boss. 3.A big fire broke unexpectedly and it was estimated that the fire would cause billions of yuan of economic losses. 4.Above all，those around me spoke out in my (defend)，which moved me to tears. Gifted Ⅲ.单句语法填空 what out defence 5. (charge) with stealing priceless raw materials，I tried my best to prove my innocence(清白). 6.When it comes to (solve) such problems，this outstanding specialist confidently tells us the tricks. Charged solving Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact 1. China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.Qian Xuesen，a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit”，was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and 2. (devote).Under his leadership，China 3. (achieve) outstanding progress in rockets，missiles and man-made satellites，because of 4. ，he earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 on devotion achieved which Stephen Hawking was 5. gifted scientist.Since he came down with a disease 6. (make) him unable to walk or speak,7. (he) world became one of abstract thought.He was brilliant，brave and 8.___________(determine).And he was willing 9. (admit) his faults.This combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest 10. (thinker) of the 20th and 21st centuries. a making 返 回 his determined to admit thinkers 作业4 1.What he said (对……有影响) me and I finally shifted my initial opinion. 2.When the war (爆发)，he seemed to have become another man，frustrated and helpless. 3.Above all，we teenagers must study hard with the aim of ___________ ____________(保卫国家) in the future. 4.Many doctors are committed to __________________________________ (对……进行重要的研究) how to handle the severe disease. had an impact on broke out Ⅰ.短语填空 defending the country conducting important research into 5.After (克服困难)，the mechanic successfully fixed the machine. 6.When I learnt that my son bravely (接受挑战)，tears of pride poured down my cheeks. 7.Since you (对……熟悉) the outstanding astronomer，I wonder if you can introduce me to him. 8.Once he (犯错误)，I will (指出它) to him. overcoming difficulties took on the challenge are familiar with makes a mistake point it out 1.作为“杂交水稻之父”而闻名，袁隆平终生致力于研究水稻。(过去分词短语作状语) ，Yuan Longping devoted his whole life to studying rice. 2.我们从没见过比他更杰出的农业科学家了。(否定词＋比较级＝最高级) We . 3.他相信他一直在做的事情，即使遇到数不清的困难，他也绝不屈服。(what引导的名词性从句) He believed in and even if encountering countless difficulties，he would never give in. Known as “the father of hybrid rice” Ⅱ.主题微写作——农业科学家袁隆平 have never seen a more outstanding agricultural scientist than him what he had been doing 4.在他的领导下，越来越多的年轻人负责杂交水稻的研究。(charge) Under his leadership，more and more young people are_______________ _______________________. 5.不幸的是，他患上了严重的疾病，于2021年5月22日与世长辞。 Unfortunately，he and passed away on May 22,2021. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 in charge of the research of hybrid rice came down with a severe illness A (2025·江西赣州高二上期末) Building with 3D printing technology is arousing widespread interest in the construction industry.Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment，it can speed up construction from weeks，or months，to days. Projects that use simple raw materials like soil，straw，and even salt，can be built in a small part of the time and cost of traditional construction. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文介绍3D打印建筑技术，阐述其减少浪费、加快施工进程等优点，通过列举建桥、建学校的实例，展现其在建筑领域的应用。 Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读 Walls are built up layer by layer using an industrial 3D building printer.Construction waste is minimized and，because the printers are mobile like small cranes，they can be set up quickly where they are needed.Home design can be customized(订制) easily，giving architects more creative freedom. Companies use recycled products and eco-friendly cements to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and make building more sustainable.By using a range of simple，readily available or even waste materials like plastic in the mix，the technology makes the companies then reduce the chance of materials being unavailable or too costly. Most construction uses conventional methods，but 3D printing is growing steadily.The technology is changing the world around us. Researchers at the Swiss University ETH Zurich used concrete 3D printing to build the 16-metre-long curved Striatus footbridge. The project only used 500 layers of concrete and 53 blocks with holes to fix the bridge.This reduces materials by up to 70 percent，and the entire bridge can be ground down and recycled. African island state Madagascar is hosting one of the world’s most forward-thinking school building projects.Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3D printing technology to provide schools where children have little or no access to education.Schools are built using local materials and low carbon concrete under a week.Beehive-inspired designs allow buildings to be easily expanded，and each school will include gardens built into the walls and solar panels on the roof for power. 1.What do we know about building with 3D printing technology? A.It reduces construction waste. B.It always uses expensive materials. C.It slows down construction process. D.It limits architects’ creative freedom. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment，it can speed up construction from weeks，or months，to days.”可知，3D 打印建筑技术具有减少建筑废弃物和加快施工进程的特点。故选A。 解析 √ 2.What is the author’s attitude towards 3D Printing Technology? A.Positive. B.Pessimistic. C.Uncertain. D.Critical. 观点态度题。由第一段中“Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment，it can speed up construction from weeks，or months，to days.”，第三段第二句，第四段“Most construction uses conventional methods，but 3D printing is growing steadily.The technology is changing the world around us.”以及最后两段列举的成功应用案例可知，作者对3D打印技术持积极肯定的态度。故选A。 解析 √ 3.How did the author develop the last two paragraphs? A.By collecting data. B.By analyzing causes. C.By giving examples. D.By making comparisons. √ 写作手法题。由倒数第二段中“Researchers at the Swiss University ETH Zurich used concrete 3D printing to build the 16-metre-long curved Striatus footbridge.”和最后一段中“Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3D printing technology to provide schools where children have little or no access to education.”可知，作者通过列举苏黎世联邦理工学院用3D打印技术建桥和马达加斯加用3D打印技术建学校这两个例子来展开这两段内容。故选C。 解析 4.What can be the best title for the passage? A.3D Printing in Design B.3D Printing in Building C.Benefits of 3D Printing D.The Future of 3D Printing √ 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章开篇点明“Building with 3D printing technology is arousing widespread interest in the construction industry.”，接着阐述其优点、材料使用特点，最后通过实例说明其在建筑领域的应用，整体围绕 3D 打印建筑技术展开。所以B项“3D Printing in Building”符合语境，为本文最佳标题。故选B。 解析 B(此篇精读) (2025·广东高二上期末) Plastic is everywhere in our modern world.Its toughness makes it an extremely useful material from household items to vehicle parts，but that same toughness makes it hard to break down for recycling or disposal(处理).However，Japanese scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new plastic material that can be broken down more easily and can self-heal and remember past shapes. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了东京大学的日本科学家开发了一种新型环保塑料材料，这种材料更容易分解，可以自我修复并能恢复原来的形状。 Based on a kind of plastic called an epoxy resin vitrimer，which is brittle(脆性的)，the new plastic boasts a huge range of advantages.Once scratched with a knife，it can completely patch itself up after being heated to 150℃ for just 60 seconds.When shaped into the shape of a crane，then flattened，it can fold itself back into the crane shape by being heated up.It does all of this much faster than others of its type. The new plastic can also break down easier.Even if it’s discarded(丢弃) into the environment，it still poses less of a problem than other kinds of plastic，which the team demonstrated by placing it in seawater for 30 days.It biodegraded by 25% and released molecules(分子) that are essential food for marine life. The new plastic is more resistant to breaking.It can also repair itself，and can recover its original memorized shape.It even biodegrades safely in a marine environment，according to Shota Ando，a researcher of the study. The material can be used in a variety of applications.“Infrastructure materials for roads and bridges are often composed of epoxy resins mixed with compounds such as concrete and carbon，” said Ando.“By using the new plastic，these would be easier to maintain as they would be stronger and healable using heat.Unlike conventional epoxy resins，this new material is hard but stretchable，so it could also be expected to strongly bond materials of different hardness and stretch.” 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing paragraph 1? A.To introduce the topic of the text. B.To show the disadvantages of plastic. C.To highlight the importance of plastic. D.To indicate his views on previous plastic. 写作意图题。由第一段中“However，Japanese scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new plastic material that can be broken down more easily and can self-heal and remember past shapes.”和下文段落对这种新型环保材料优点的介绍可知，作者写第一段的目的在于介绍本文的主题——一种新型环保塑料材料。故选A。 解析 √ 6.What do the underlined words “patch itself up” mean in paragraph 2? A.Change itself. B.Shape itself. C.Repair itself. D.Burn itself. √ 词义猜测题。由第二段中“Once scratched with a knife，it can completely patch itself up after being heated to 150 ℃ for just 60 seconds.”和第四段中“It can also repair itself，and can recover its original memorized shape.”可推断，一旦这种新型环保塑料材料被刀刮破，在150℃的温度下加热60秒后，它就可以完全自我修复，所以画线词“patch itself up”意为“自我修复(repair itself)”。故选C。 解析 7.What do we know about the new plastic? A.It is safe for animals in the ocean. B.It can provide nutrition for animals. C.It can change its shape when frozen. D.It is more brittle than previous plastic. 细节理解题。由第三段中“It biodegraded by 25% and released molecules(分子) that are essential food for marine life.”和第四段中“It even biodegrades safely in a marine environment”可知，新型环保塑料材料对海洋中的动物来说是安全的。故选A。 解析 √ 8.What can be the best title for the text? A.Research of New Molecules B.An Interesting Scientific Study C.The Widespread Application of Plastic D.A New Environmentally Friendly Plastic √ 标题归纳题。由第一段中“However，Japanese scientists at the University of Tokyo have developed a new plastic material that can be broken down more easily and can self-heal and remember past shapes.”和下文段落对这种新型环保材料优点的介绍可知，本文介绍了一种新型环保塑料材料及其优点，D项“一种新型环保塑料”符合题意。故选D。 解析 1.toughness(派)＝tough＋ness n.韧性 2.heat up加热 3.biodegrade v.生物降解 4.resistant(派)＝resist＋ant adj.抵抗的 5.be composed of由……组成 6.stretchable(派)＝stretch＋able adj.能伸展的，能伸缩的 词汇积累 1.When shaped into the shape of a crane，then flattened，it can fold itself back into the crane shape by being heated up. 分析：此句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句，省略了主语和be动词，原句应为when it is shaped into the shape of a crane。 翻译：当它被塑造成鹤的形状，然后被压平，通过加热，它可以自己折叠回鹤的形状。 句式分析 2.Even if it’s discarded into the environment，it still poses less of a problem than other kinds of plastic，which the team demonstrated by placing it in seawater for 30 days. 分析：此句为复合句。even if引导让步状语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前句这件事。 翻译：即使它被丢弃到环境中，它仍然比其他种类的塑料造成的问题要小，研究小组通过将它放在海水中30天来证明这一点。 Research by psychologist Carol Dweck suggests that there are two basic mindsets that influence how people think about themselves and their abilities：the fixed mindset and the growth mindset. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了两种不同心态的人，以及如何把心态从“固定型”转变为“成长型”。 Ⅳ.七选五阅读 A.Believe that your efforts matter. B.View failures as learning experiences. C.What works for you might not work for someone else. D.They tend to give up more easily in the face of a challenge. E.We all have our shortcomings and weaknesses—our imperfections. F.When you have a growth mindset，the end results are less of a focus. G.People who believe that they are capable of growth are more likely to achieve success. People who possess a fixed mindset believe that things such as intelligence are unchangeable.Those with a fixed mindset believe that success isn’t a result of hard work—it’s simply a result of talents. 1 √ 根据上文“Those with a fixed mindset believe that success isn’t a result of hard work—it’s simply a result of talents.”可知，有固定心态的人认为成功不是努力的结果，而是天赋的结果，故他们面对挑战时容易放弃而不去努力，D项“面对挑战，他们更容易放弃”符合语境，故选D。 解析 A.Believe that your efforts matter. B.View failures as learning experiences. C.What works for you might not work for someone else. D.They tend to give up more easily in the face of a challenge. E.We all have our shortcomings and weaknesses—our imperfections. F.When you have a growth mindset，the end results are less of a focus. G.People who believe that they are capable of growth are more likely to achieve success. Those who have a growth mindset，on the other hand，feel that they can change，grow，and learn through effort. 2 When things get tough，they look for ways to improve their skills and keep working toward success. √ 根据上文“Those who have a growth mindset，on the other hand，feel that they can change，grow，and learn through effort.”和下文“When things get tough，they look for ways to improve their skills and keep working toward success.”可知，拥有成长型心态的人可以通过努力来改变、成长和学习，G项“相信自己有能力成长的人更有可能取得成功”符合语境，故选G。 解析 A.Believe that your efforts matter. B.View failures as learning experiences. C.What works for you might not work for someone else. D.They tend to give up more easily in the face of a challenge. E.We all have our shortcomings and weaknesses—our imperfections. F.When you have a growth mindset，the end results are less of a focus. G.People who believe that they are capable of growth are more likely to achieve success. By taking baby steps，anyone who wants to can change one’s mindset from a “fixed” perspective(视角) to a “growth mindset”.Here’s how： Acknowledge and accept imperfection in self and others. 3 Our imperfections make us unique.And self-love is a good thing. √ 根据上文“Acknowledge and accept imperfection in self and others.”和下文“Our imperfections”可知，空处表达我们都有不完美的地方，E项“我们都有缺点和弱点——我们的不完美”与上下文语义一致，故选E。 解析 A.Believe that your efforts matter. B.View failures as learning experiences. C.What works for you might not work for someone else. D.They tend to give up more easily in the face of a challenge. E.We all have our shortcomings and weaknesses—our imperfections. F.When you have a growth mindset，the end results are less of a focus. G.People who believe that they are capable of growth are more likely to achieve success. Speed is not important. 4 Instead，you fully engage and put effort into the process，no matter how long it takes.By the way，focusing on the process often also improves results，because you did put a lot of effort in along the way. √ 下文“Instead，you fully engage and put effort into the process，no matter how long it takes.”强调过程，空处与下文意思相反，故应是关于结果，F项“当你拥有成长型心态时，最终的结果就不再是关注的重点”符合语境，故选F。 解析 A.Believe that your efforts matter. B.View failures as learning experiences. C.What works for you might not work for someone else. D.They tend to give up more easily in the face of a challenge. E.We all have our shortcomings and weaknesses—our imperfections. F.When you have a growth mindset，the end results are less of a focus. G.People who believe that they are capable of growth are more likely to achieve success. 5 People with growth mindsets don’t believe that failure is a reflection of their abilities.Instead，they view it as a valuable source of experience from which they can learn and improve.“That didn’t work，” they might think，“so this time I’ll try something a little different.” √ 根据下文“People with growth mindsets don’t believe that failure is a reflection of their abilities.Instead，they view it as a valuable source of experience from which they can learn and improve.”可知，本段是说拥有成长型心态的人把失败看作是宝贵的经验，他们可以从中学习和提高，B项“把失败看作是学习的经验”符合语境，故选B。 解析 By choosing to make the extra effort to build a growth mindset，you can make your mental processes work for you，resulting in a greater likelihood that you get the results you’re looking for and live the life you want to live. Ieoh Ming Pei，an influential architect of the twentieth century，has created many cross-cultural projects. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际著名建筑设计师贝聿铭先生和其设计的苏州博物馆。 Ⅴ.语法填空 His distinctive identity—as 1.______ American architect born in China—gives him a special transnational background.Scholars typically try to locate his design inspirations in his childhood memories，connecting Pei with his dual-cultural(双重文化) background and 2.____________(describe) his buildings based on his biography. an describing 1.考查冠词。此处表达“一名”美籍建筑设计师，表示泛指，且空后American的发音以元音音素开头，所以此处应用不定冠词an。故填an。 2.考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词作状语，设空处和前面的connecting并列，句子主语Scholars与动词describe构成逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词。故填describing。 解析 Suzhou，the town 3.__________ Pei’s family was located，is often mentioned by scholars as a way 4.________________(understand) I.M. where to understand 3.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“ Pei’s family was located”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the town，设空处指代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 4.考查非谓语动词。“ (understand) I.M.Pei’s Chinese cultural background”作名词way的后置定语；固定搭配way to do sth意为“……的方法”。故填to understand。 解析 Pei’s Chinese cultural background.The city is famous 5._______ its architecture and landscape，especially its ancient gardens. for 考查介词。固定搭配be famous for 意为“因……而出名”。故填for。 解析 6.____________(found) in 1960 and originally located in the national historic landmark，Zhong Wang Fu Palace complex，the Suzhou Museum has been a highly-regarded regional museum with a number of significant Chinese cultural 7._________(relic). Founded relics 6.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，句子主语the Suzhou Museum与动词found之间为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处用过去分词founded表被动，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Founded。 7.考查名词复数。根据空前“a number of significant Chinese cultural”可知，设空处表复数概念，应填可数名词relic的复数形式relics，作宾语。故填relics。 解析 A new museum designed by world-famous architect I.M.Pei 8.______________(complete) in October 2006，covering over 10,700 square meters and located at the cross of Dongbei Street and Qimen Road. was completed 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语；根据时间状语“in October 2006”可知，此处应该用一般过去时，主语A new museum和动词complete之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，A new museum作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填was completed。 解析 The design of this new museum 9.___________(visual) adds to the traditional architecture of Zhong Wang Fu.I.M.Pei designed the current building of the Suzhou Museum in 10.____________(associate) with Pei Partnership Architects at the beginning of the twenty-first century. visually 9.考查副词。此处修饰动词adds，应填副词visually作状语。故填visually。 10.考查名词。设空处作in的宾语，所以应该使用名词形式。短语in association with意为“与……联合，与……有关联”，符合句意。故填association。 解析 返 回 association 本课结束 $