Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 主题类文拓展阅读（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版·新教材）

本讲义围绕Macquarie Island的生态保护历程这一核心知识点，系统梳理从自然和谐到人类引入物种（如老鼠、兔子、猫）导致生态破坏，再到通过病毒、陷阱、犬只等措施治理并恢复的完整叙事脉络，结合重点词汇（如conservation, erosion）和句型（如非限制性定语从句、形式宾语结构）搭建语言学习支架，衔接记叙文阅读技巧与环保主题语用。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过6道阅读理解题训练信息定位与逻辑推理能力，结合重点句型解析提升复杂句式理解与表达能力。以岛屿生态案例渗透环保意识，增强人类命运共同体认知，课中辅助教师开展主题式语篇教学，课后词汇表与句型分析助力学生巩固语言知识，弥补阅读与语法理解盲点。

(选自外研版选择性必修第二册 Unit 5) MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos to Conservation I am standing on Macquarie Island，in the South-west Pacific Ocean，halfway between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt its long，thin shape.The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically，giving it a wild and natural beauty.No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants，including royal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals，existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. But the island’s more recent history tells a different story.It’s a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice.These small animals quickly took over the island，eating the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds.Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice.Unfortunately，the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds，too. Meanwhile，rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.Loose on the island，they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes，which caused soil erosion.The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats，meaning that the number of cats also increased.This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds.The end result was that parakeets，once large in number and native to the island，died out in 1891. Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s，the rabbits remained out of control.Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.With this goal in mind，a virus was released onto the island.But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 to around 10,000，it also meant less food for the cats.The cats in consequence turned their attention—and their stomachs—back to the native birds，killing up to 60,000 each year.In the 1980s，traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000. But as the saying goes，“While the cat’s away，the mice will play.” With the departure of the cats from the island，the mouse and rat population started to increase.And remember those 10,000 or so rabbits? It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus，and their numbers exploded once again.Then，in 2006，the rabbits’ digging caused some land to collapse，and killed a substantial number of penguins.This incident made it clear that the rat，mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all. So，I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem.The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters.The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species，and that’s where I come in—with my dogs.They have been trained to find every last one，without harming the native animals.This intervention is a long，much-delayed ending to a sad story，but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending. Postscript：In 2014，Macquarie Island was declared pest-free and the island’s ecology is finally on the road to recovery. 1．Which are not the native inhabitants on Macquarie Island? A．Mice. B．Elephant seals. C．King penguins. D．Royal penguins. 答案　A 2．What was the cause of soil erosion on the island? A．Overpopulation of rabbits. B．The extinction of parakeets. C．The increasing number of cats. D．More rats and mice than necessary. 答案　A 3．Why were the dogs introduced to the island? A．To kill the mice. B．To catch the rabbits. C．To diversify the species. D．To decrease the number of cats. 答案　D 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The author is unsure about the result. B．Poison can harm the native animals. C．The intervention is long but worthwhile. D．Those trained dogs may cause other bad effects. 答案　C 5．What’s the main idea of the text? A．Macquarie Island’s tragic story. B．What people’s intervention on the island was. C．How Macquarie Island was saved from destruction. D．Strong winds and stormy seas around the Macquarie Island. 答案　C 6．Where may be the text taken from? A．A novel. B．A guidebook. C．A travel brochure. D．A journal of environmental protection. 答案　D 本文是一篇记叙文，作者根据自己的工作体验讲述了麦克里岛的生态系统从遭遇严重破坏到逐步恢复的过程，文章旨在提高读者保护生态系统的意识。 1．chaos n．混乱；紊乱 2．conservation n．对(环境、文物等)保护；保持 3．sculpt vt.使具有某种形状；雕刻，雕塑 4．inhabitant n．(某地的)栖息动物 5．unknowingly adv.不知不觉地，无意中 6．rat n．老鼠 7．subsequently adv.后来，随后 8．erosion n．侵蚀 9．postscript n．附言 10．pest n．有害小动物；害虫 1．Loose on the island，they did what rabbits do best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes，which caused soil erosion. [结构分析] 此句为复合句。Loose on the island是形容词短语作状语；what引导宾语从句；破折号后解释的是what rabbits do best的内容；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 [汉语翻译] 由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——它们飞快地繁殖，开始吃当地植被并挖洞，这造成了土壤侵蚀。 2．This incident made it clear that the rat，mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all. [结构分析] 此句为复合句。it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句；once and for all意思是“最终地，彻底地”。 [汉语翻译] 这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要彻底解决。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $