Unit 1 Different friends A How different are your friends 第一课时 讲练测 (教师版)(讲义)-2026-2027学年人教PEP版英语五年级上册

2026-08-12
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摘要:

本讲义聚焦小学英语“talk的用法”“kind的用法”“from的用法”核心知识点,从课本原句切入,系统梳理talk作为动词/名词的固定短语(talk to/with/about、have a talk with)及与speak/say/tell的辨析,kind作形容词“友善”(be kind to sb、It's kind of sb to do sth)和名词“种类”(a kind of、all kinds of)的用法,from表“来自”的句型(be from=come from)及句式转换,构建阶梯式学习支架。 该资料以“讲练测”一体化设计为特色,知识点讲解结合词性、固定搭配及易混词对比(如talk与speak的用法区分),练习题型覆盖单选、句型转换等,精准对接语言能力培养。通过实例辨析(如用课堂场景题巩固talk with/to区别)提升思维品质,讲练结合助力学生构建知识体系,课中辅助教师高效授课,课后帮助学生查漏补缺,强化学习能力。

内容正文:

Unit 1 A How different are your friends? 第一课时 讲练测(教师版) 【讲1】课本原句:They are talking about their English teacher 知识点讲解: talk 的用法讲解 【词性】动词 (v.) / 名词 (n.), 【意思】交谈,谈话,说话 【固定短语】 1. 和某人说话(一方对另一方讲话)talk to sb. 【例句】 (1)请和你的妈妈说一说。Please talk to your mum. (2)老师经常和汤姆谈话。The teacher often talks to Tom. 2.和某人聊天(互相交谈) talk with sb. 【例句】 (1)下课我和我的朋友聊天。I talk with my friend after class. (2) 她喜欢和我聊天。She likes to talk with me. 3. 谈论某人/某事talk about sb/sth. 【例句】 (1)他们在谈论最喜欢的动物。They talk about their favourite animals. (2)我们谈论我们的爱好。We talk about our hobbies. 4. 名词短语: 和某人谈一谈have a talk with sb. 【例句】 我想和你谈一谈。I want to have a talk with you. 小辨析:talk /speak/say /tell (1)talk 交谈、聊天 (2)speak + 语言 speak 单独出现,意为“发言,说话” (3)say + 说话的内容 (4)tell 告诉, 讲故事tell a story 小提示:talk 不能直接后面加人或事情,要带上介词 to /with/about 【练1】 1.They are talking ______ their favourite films. A. about B. to C. for 【答案】A 【解析】固定搭配 talk about sth.,意思是 “谈论某事 / 某物”,横线后 “their favourite films(他们最喜欢的电影)” 是谈论的事物,因此用介词 about。talk to 后面接人,for 无此搭配,故选 A。 2.My teacher talks ______ me in the office. A. about B. to C. of 【答案】B 【解析】talk to sb. 表示 “对某人说话、找某人谈话”,侧重一方主动对另一方讲话,本句主语 teacher(老师)主动找 “me(我)” 谈话,对象是人,用 to。about 后接事情,of 不用于此场景,故选 B。 3.Lily likes talking ______ her deskmate. A. with B. about C. for 【答案】A 【解析】talk with sb. 意为 “和某人聊天、互相交谈”,强调两个人双向交流。句中 her deskmate(她的同桌)是人,两人互相聊天,用 with。about 后接事物,for 不搭配 talk,故选 A。 4.Don’t talk ______ others in class. A. about B. with C. at 【答案】B 【解析】talk with others 表示 “和别人说话、交头接耳”,课堂上禁止和其他人交谈,对象是人,用 with。talk about others 是 “议论别人”,不符合课堂禁止说话的语境;at 不能和 talk 搭配,故选 B。 5.We often talk ______ our pets after school. A. about B. with C. to 【答案】A 【解析】固定搭配区分:talk about + 人 / 事物(谈论……,后接聊天话题);talk with/to + 人(和某人交谈,后接交谈对象)。本空后 our pets(我们的宠物)是聊天话题,不是交谈的人,因此选用 talk about,介词填 about,故选 A。 6.I want to have a talk ______ my father. A. with B. about C. for 【答案】A 【解析】固定名词短语 have a talk with sb.,翻译为 “和某人谈一谈”,my father 是人,搭配介词 with。about 后接话题,for 无此短语搭配,故选 A。 7.Can you talk ______ your summer holiday? A. about B. to C. on 【答案】A 【解析】your summer holiday(你的暑假)是一件事,talk about sth. 谈论某事,因此用 about。to 后接人,on 不能和 talk 搭配表达谈论话题,故选 A。 8.Please don’t talk ______ him now. He is busy. A. about B. to C. in 【答案】B 【解析】句中 him 是人物,talk to sb. 是 “和某人搭话、找某人说话”,后半句 “他很忙”,表示不要现在去找他说话。talk about him 是 “议论他”,不符合句意;in 无法与 talk 搭配,故选 B。 9.My brother can ______ Chinese very well. A. talk B. speak C. say 【答案】B 【解析】后面接语言要用 speak,speak + 语言为固定搭配;talk 后需搭配介词,say 后接说话内容,故选 B。 10.Don’t ______ anything to others. It’s a secret. A. say B. tell C. speak 【答案】A 【解析】anything 是说话的具体内容,say 后接说话内容;tell 后接人,speak 后接语言,故选 A。 11.My grandma often ______ me interesting stories before sleep. A. talks B. tells C. says 【答案】B 【解析】tell a story 是固定搭配 “讲故事”;talk 需要搭配介词,say 后接话语内容,故选 B。 12.Please ______ your teacher politely when you meet her. A. talk to B. speak about C. tell to 【答案】A 【解析】talk to sb. 意为和某人交谈、搭话;speak 后接语言,tell 不能搭配 to 表示和某人说话,故选 A。 13. What did you ______ to your deskmate just now? A. tell B. say C. speak 【答案】B 【解析】疑问词 what 指代说话的具体内容,say + 说话内容;tell 后接人,speak 后接语言,故选 B。 14.They like to ______ their favourite movies after class. A. talk about B. speak to C. tell with 【答案】A 【解析】talk about sth. 谈论某物 / 某事;speak to 后接人,tell 无 tell with 搭配,故选 A。 15.Can you ______ this word in English? A. talk B. say C. speak 【答案】B 【解析】this word 是具体说话内容,用 say;speak 后只能接完整语言,talk 需搭配介词,故选 B。 16.Mr. Li will ______ us the news this afternoon. A. talk B. say C. tell 【答案】C 【解析】tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事,固定结构;talk 缺少介词,say 后直接接话语,不接人作间接宾语,故选 C。 17. Don’t ______ loudly in the library. A. speak B. tell C. say 【答案】A 【解析】speak 可单独使用,表示说话、发言;tell 表讲述 / 告知,say 侧重说具体内容,此处指不要大声讲话,选 A。 【讲2】课本原句: Ms. Wang is very kind. 知识点讲解:kind用法讲解 1.【词性】 (1) 形容词 adj. 善良的;友善的;和蔼的 (2) 名词 n. 种类 2.【形容词用法】(必考) (1) 对某人友善 be kind to sb. 【例句】她对班里所有同学都很友善。She is kind to all her classmates. 【例句】请对你的弟弟温柔一点。Please be kind to your little brother. (2) 某人做某事真是太好了. It’s kind of sb. to do sth. 【例句】你帮我,你真好。It’s kind of you to help me. 【例句】他主动让座,他人真好。It’s kind of him to give his seat. 3.【名词用法】(必考) (1)一种…… a kind of + 单数名词 【例句】熊猫是一种动物。 The panda is a kind of animal. (2) 各种各样的 many kinds of /all kinds of + 名词复数 【例句】商店里有各种各样的玩具。 There are all kinds of toys in the shop. 【例句】我喜欢多种水果。 I like many kinds of fruits. 4.【易混区分】 (1)kind(adj.)善良的 → 修饰人性格,搭配 to (2)kind(n.)种类 → 搭配 of,后接物品 【练2】 1.My mother is very kind ______ me. A. of B. to C. for 【答案】B 【解析】固定搭配 be kind to sb. 对某人友善,介词用 to,故选 B。 2.It’s kind ______ you to carry my heavy bag. A. to B. for C. of 【答案】C 【解析】It’s kind of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真好,形容词 kind 形容人的品质,用 of,故选 C。 3.This is ______ beautiful flower. A. a kind of B. kind of C. kinds of 【答案】A 【解析】a kind of 一种,后面接单数名词 flower;kinds of 后接复数,kind of 意为 “稍微”,不符合句意,故选 A。 4.There are all ______ books in our school library. A. kind of B. kinds of C. a kind of 【答案】B 【解析】all kinds of 各种各样的,固定短语,后接名词复数 books,故选 B。 5.The girl is ______. She always helps old people. A. kind B. many C. tall 【答案】A 【解析】后文 “她经常帮助老人” 说明她很善良,kind 善良的;many 许多,tall 高的,均不符,故选 A。 6.I have ______ pets: cats, dogs and birds. A. a kind of B. all kinds of C. kind of 【答案】B 【解析】后面列举多种小动物,all kinds of 各种各样的,符合语境,故选 B。 7. It’s not kind ______ to laugh at your classmates. A. of you B. to you C. for you 【答案】A 【解析】固定句型 It’s kind of sb. to do sth.,否定形式为 It’s not kind of sb. to do sth.。本题题干已给出不定式结构 to laugh at your classmates,空格只需填入 of you;of you 用于形容词描述人的品质,to you to 存在多余 to,for you 适用于形容事情,均不符合句型,故选 A。 8. How many ______ animals do you know? A. kind of B. kinds of C. a kind of 【答案】B 【解析】how many 后接可数名词复数,kind 复数 kinds,many kinds of 许多种类的,故选 B。 9.Be kind ______ small animals, kids. A. for B. of C. to 【答案】C 【解析】be kind to + 对象,表示对…… 友善,对象是 small animals 小动物,介词用 to,故选 C。 【讲3】课本原句:He’s from Australia. 知识点讲解:from 用法讲解 【含义】 1:来自……;是…… 地方的人(询问 / 回答籍贯、出生地) 【结构】主语 + am/is/are + from + 地点(国家 / 城市 / 乡镇) be 动词匹配规则: I → am ;he/she/it/ 单数人名 / 单数地名 → is ;you/we/they/ 多人 → are 【含义】2:产自;来源于(物品、事物的产地、来源) 例:This wine is from France. 这款红酒产自法国。 【同义替换】 be from = come from 【区分变形】 He is from China. = He comes from China. They are from Canada. = They come from Canada. 【三种句式结构】 1)陈述句:主语 + be + from + 地点 2)一般疑问句:Be + 主语 + from + 地点? 3)特殊疑问句:Where + be + 主语 + from? (询问来自哪里,固定疑问搭配) 【例句】 1.我来自石家庄。 I am from Shijiazhuang. 2. 她来自英国。 She is from the UK. 3. 他们来自澳大利亚。 They are from Australia. 4. 这支钢笔产自上海。 This pen is from Shanghai. 5. 你来自哪里? Where are you from? 6. 汤姆不是来自美国。 Tom isn’t from America. 7. 你们是来自日本吗? Are you from Japan? 8. 这座大桥的钢材来自武汉。 The steel of this bridge is from Wuhan. 【练3】 1.—Where ___ you from? —I ___ from Baoding. A. am; are B. are; am C. is; am 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查 be 动词搭配规则和 be from 特殊疑问句。be 动词搭配口诀:I 用 am,you 用 are,单数主语用 is。问句主语是 you,必须用 are;答句主语是 I,只能搭配 am,因此选 B。 2. My sister ___ from Guangzhou. A. is B. are C. am 【答案】A 【详解】主语 My sister(我的姐姐)是第三人称单数,描述人物籍贯用 be from 结构。am 只能跟主语 I 搭配,are 用于复数主语、you,单数人物主语固定用 is,故选 A。 3. These toys ___ from Zhejiang. A. is B. are C. am 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查物品产地用法。主语 These toys(这些玩具)是复数物品,be from 表示物品产自某地。复数主语搭配 be 动词 are,is 用于单数,am 只搭配 I,所以选 B。 4. —Are they from the UK? —___. They are from the US. A. Yes, they are B. No, they aren’t C. No, he isn’t 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查 be from 一般疑问句的问答匹配。问句主语是 they,回答代词也要用 they,排除 C;后半句说明他们来自美国,不是英国,需要否定回答,故选 B。 5. Jack isn’t from Canada. ___ from China. A. He is B. She is C. They are 【答案】A 【详解】Jack 是男生名字,属于单数第三人称,对应的人称代词是 he;she 指代女生,they 指代多人,均不符合,搭配 be 动词 is,因此选 A。 6. Where ___ Amy and Sarah from? A. is B. are C. do 【答案】B 【详解】be from 询问来自哪里的固定句型为 Where + be + 主语 + from,不能加助动词 do,排除 C;主语 Amy and Sarah 是两个人,属于复数主语,复数搭配 be 动词 are,选 B。 7. She is from Jinan. (同义句转换) She ___ Jinan. A. come from B. comes from C. comes 【答案】B 【详解】固定同义短语 be from = come from,意思是来自。主语 she 是第三人称单数,一般现在时动词要变三单,come 变为 comes;A 是动词原形,C 缺少介词 from,结构错误,选 B。 8.—___ from Sichuan? —Yes, I am. A. Are you B. Is he C. Do you 【答案】A 【详解】be from 变一般疑问句直接把 be 动词提前,不用助动词 do,排除 C;答句 Yes, I am 证明问句主语是 you,对应 be 动词用 are,Is he 对应回答 he is,不符合答句,选 A。 9.This orange juice ___ from Yunnan. A. is B. are C. am 【答案】A 【详解】orange juice(橙汁)是不可数名词,当作单数看待,本句用 be from 表示饮品产地。单数名词搭配 is,are 搭配复数,am 只和 I 连用,故选 A。 10. We are from Hebei. (改为否定句) We ___ from Hebei. A. isn’t B. aren’t C. don’t 【答案】B 【详解】be from 的否定形式直接在 be 动词后面加 not,不需要助动词 don’t,排除 C;主语 we 搭配 be 动词 are,are not 缩写为 aren’t;isn’t 是 is not 的缩写,用于单数主语,不符合,选 B。 【测】 一、单项选择 1. My deskmate and I often talk ______ our favourite teachers after class. A. about B. with C. to 【答案】A 【解析】talk about sb 谈论某人(以某人作为话题);talk with/to sb 与某人面对面交谈。本句句意:课后我们经常聊我们最喜欢的老师(以老师为话题),因此用 about。 2. Please talk ______ your mum gently after dinner. Don’t shout at her. A. about B. to C. of 【答案】B 【解析】talk to sb. 表示单向对某人说话,本句是让学生温和地和妈妈讲话,对象是人;about 后接话题,of 不与 talk 搭配,故选 B。 3. The little girl likes talking ______ her best friend every noon. A. with B. about C. for 【答案】A 【解析】talk with sb. 指双向互相聊天,句中 her best friend 是人,两人相互交流;about 后接事物,for 无此搭配,故选 A。 4. Don’t talk ______ your classmates when the teacher is reading books. A. about B. with C. on 【答案】B 【解析】talk with sb. 和别人交头接耳、说话,本句课堂场景禁止和同学讲话;talk about 意为议论他人,不符合语境,on 不搭配 talk,故选 B。 5. It’s kind ______ you to help me carry my heavy schoolbag. A. to B. of C. for 【答案】B 【解析】固定句型 It’s kind of sb. to do sth.,kind 用来形容人的美好品质,介词用 of;to、for 不用于此句型,故选 B。 6. We should be kind ______ all the little animals in the park. A. to B. of C. for 【答案】A 【解析】固定短语 be kind to sb./sth. 对…… 友善,后接人或动物,介词用 to,故选 A。 7. This is ______ lovely bird. It can sing nice songs. A. a kind of B. kind of C. kinds of 【答案】A 【解析】a kind of 一种,后接单数名词 bird;kinds of 后接复数名词,kind of 意为稍微,语义不通,故选 A。 8. There are many ______ nice flowers in my grandma’s garden. A. kind of B. kinds of C. a kind of 【答案】B 【解析】many kinds of 各种各样的,many 后 kind 变复数 kinds,搭配名词复数 flowers,故选 B。 9. —Where ______ your cousin from? —He ______ from Canada. A. are; is B. is; is C. am; are 【答案】B 【解析】主语 your cousin 和答句 He 都是第三人称单数,be 动词统一用 is;am 只搭配 I,are 搭配 you / 复数主语,故选 B。 10. This pair of gloves ______ from Guangdong. It’s soft. A. is B. are C. am 【答案】A 【解析】主语 this pair of gloves 视作单数,物品产地用 be from,单数主语搭配 is,am 只搭配 I,are 用于复数主语,故选 A。 11. —Is Lucy from New York? —______. She is from London. A. Yes, she is B. No, she isn’t C. No, they aren’t 【答案】B 【解析】问句主语 Lucy 是单数女生,回答主语用 she;后半句说明她来自伦敦,并非纽约,用否定回答,故选 B。 12. Mike isn’t from France. ______ from Germany. A. He is B. She is C. They are 【答案】A 【解析】Mike 是男性单数人名,人称代词用 he,搭配 be 动词 is;she 指代女生,they 指代多人,均不匹配,故选 A。 13. Linda is from New Zealand. (同义句) Linda ______ New Zealand. A. come from B. comes from C. comes 【答案】B 【解析】be from=come from,主语 Linda 是三单,动词 come 变为 comes;A 为动词原形,C 缺少介词 from,结构错误,故选 B。 14. —______ from Xi’an? —Yes, we are. A. Are you B. Is she C. Do you 【答案】A 【解析】be from 变一般疑问句直接提前 be 动词,不用助动词 do;答句 we are 说明问句主语是 you,对应 be 动词 are,故选 A。 15. Don’t ______ Japanese in English class. We need to practise English. A. talk B. speak C. say 【答案】B 【解析】speak 后直接加语言,speak Japanese 说日语;talk 后必须搭配介词,say 后接说话内容,故选 B。 16. Can you ______ your true idea to your parents? A. say B. tell C. speak 【答案】A 【解析】say 后接说话的具体内容,本句 your true idea 是说话内容;tell 搭配人,speak 后接语言,故选 A。 17. My father will ______ me a funny story tonight before bedtime. A. talk B. tell C. say 【答案】B 【解析】固定搭配 tell sb. a story 给某人讲故事;talk 缺少介词,say 后直接接话语,不能接人作宾语,故选 B。 18. Don’t ______ in the quiet library. Everyone is reading. A. speak B. tell C. say 【答案】A 【解析】speak 单独使用表示大声说话、交谈;tell 侧重讲述故事,say 侧重说具体文字,此处指禁止喧哗,选 A。 19. How many ______ vegetables can you buy in this big supermarket? A. kind of B. kinds of C. a kind of 【答案】B 【解析】how many 后接可数名词复数,kind 变为 kinds,many kinds of 许多种类的,修饰名词 vegetables,故选 B。 20. They are from Mexico. (改为否定句) They ______ from Mexico. A. isn’t B. aren’t C. don’t 【答案】B 【解析】be from 变否定直接在 be 动词后加 not,无需助动词 don’t;主语 they 搭配 are,否定缩写 aren’t,isn’t 用于单数主语,故选 B。 二、完成句子 1. 我的姐姐经常和我聊她的校园生活。 My sister often ______ ______ her school life with me. 【答案】talks about 【解析】固定搭配 talk about sth. 谈论某事;主语 my sister 是三单,一般现在时动词 talk 加 s 变为 talks。 2. 你对班里所有同学都很友善。 You ______ ______ ______ all your classmates in class. 【答案】are kind to 【解析】固定短语 be kind to sb. 对某人友善;主语 you 搭配 be 动词 are。 3.这款丝绸产自杭州。 This silk ______ ______ Hangzhou. 【答案】is from 【解析】be from 表示物品产自某地;silk 丝绸为不可数名词,视作单数,be 动词用 is。 4.和你的同桌互相聊天是很开心的事。 It’s fun to ______ ______ your deskmate. 【答案】talk with 【解析】talk with sb. 与某人互相交谈;to 后接动词原形,因此 talk 用原形。 5.你主动帮我打扫教室,你真好。 It’s kind ______ you ______ clean the classroom for me. 【答案】of; to 【解析】固定句型 It’s kind of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真好,介词用 of,不定式 to do 作真正主语。 6.我来自加拿大,我的好朋友来自英国。 I ______ ______ Canada, and my good friend ______ ______ the UK. 【答案】am from; is from 【解析】be from 表示籍贯;I 搭配 am,my good friend 为单数主语搭配 is。 7.商店里有各种各样可爱的卡通贴纸。 There are ______ ______ ______ cute cartoon stickers in the shop. 【答案】all kinds of 【解析】all kinds of 固定短语,意为各种各样的,后接名词复数 stickers。 8.放学后我想和我的老师谈一谈。 I want to ______ ______ ______ ______ my teacher after school. 【答案】have a talk with 【解析】名词短语 have a talk with sb. 和某人谈一谈;want to 后接动词原形 have。 9.她会说流利的英语,但是不会说日语。 She can ______ English well, but she can’t ______ Japanese. 【答案】speak; speak 【解析】speak + 语言,说某种语言;情态动词 can 后接动词原形 speak。 10.他们来自澳大利亚吗? ______ ______ from Australia? 【答案】Are they 【解析】be from 一般疑问句结构:Be + 主语 + from + 地点;主语 they 搭配 be 动词 are,句首大写。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 1 Different friends A How different are your friends 第一课时 讲练测 (教师版)(讲义)-2026-2027学年人教PEP版英语五年级上册
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Unit 1 Different friends A How different are your friends 第一课时 讲练测 (教师版)(讲义)-2026-2027学年人教PEP版英语五年级上册
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Unit 1 Different friends A How different are your friends 第一课时 讲练测 (教师版)(讲义)-2026-2027学年人教PEP版英语五年级上册
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