专题12 定语从句(课件)2027年湖北省(技能高考)《英语一轮讲练测》

2026-08-12
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专题12 定语从句 2027年湖北省(技能高考) 《英语一轮讲练测》复习课件 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 04 真题溯源·考向感知 2 01 考情解码·命题预警 3 【复习目标】 掌握定语从句及其关联词 02 体系构建·思维可视 5 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 7 一、定语从句的定义和结构 在句子中起定语作用,修饰句中的         的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为         。定语从句由                  引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时,其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于       的人称和数。 二、定语从句的用法 定语从句一般位于先行词的     ,定语从句由关系代词                      和关系副词                    等引导。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任     。 一、定语从句的定义和结构 在句子中起定语作用,修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时,其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。 二、定语从句的用法 定语从句一般位于先行词的后面,定语从句由关系代词who,whom,whose,which, that,as和关系副词when,where,why等引导。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任成分。 (一)关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who引导的定语从句 who指     ,在从句中作      。例如: The man        is shaking hands with my father is a policeman正和我父亲握手的那个人是警察。 Those        wish to go to the museum must be at the gate by 7:50 a.想去博物馆的人必须在早上七点五十到大门口集合。 2.whom 引导的定语从句 whom指    ,在从句中作       ,常可       。例如: Mrs. Smith (        ) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.你昨天遇见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。 The professor (        ) you wish to see has come. 你想见的那位教授已经来了。 (一)关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who引导的定语从句 who指人,在从句中作主语。例如: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman正和我父亲握手的那个人是警察。 Those who wish to go to the museum must be at the gate by 7:50 a.想去博物馆的人必须在早上七点五十到大门口集合。 2.whom 引导的定语从句 whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略。例如: Mrs. Smith (whom) you met yesterday is a friend of mine.你昨天遇见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。 The professor (whom) you wish to see has come. 你想见的那位教授已经来了。 3.whose 引导的定语从句 whose 通常指    ,也可指    ,在从句中作        。例如: This is the scientist         name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。 Nobody wants the house          roof has fallen in.没有人要这个屋顶已坍塌了的房子。 4.which引导的定语从句 which指       ,在从句中作      或       。作宾语时,常可       。例如: Guilin is a city        has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是一座具有两千年历史的城市。 A dictionary is a book        gives the meaning of words.词典是解释词语的书。 The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (       ) he had lost on the train. 那个年轻人领回了他在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴。 3.whose 引导的定语从句 whose 通常指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。例如: This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。 Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.没有人要这个屋顶已坍塌了的房子。 4.which引导的定语从句 which指事物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,常可省略。例如: Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是一座具有两千年历史的城市。 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.词典是解释词语的书。 The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring ( which) he had lost on the train. 那个年轻人领回了他在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴。 5.that 引导的定语从句 That       ,也可指    ,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可      。例如: There is a film (       ) I like to see.有一部电影我想去看。 She is the only one among us       knows French. 她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。 (二)关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 引导的定语从句 when 表示     ,其先行词往往是表示           (                   r等)。例如: October 1, 1949 was the day        the People's Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 5.that 引导的定语从句 that指事物,也可指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。例如: There is a film (that) I like to see.有一部电影我想去看。 She is the only one among us that knows French. 她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。 (二)关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 引导的定语从句 when 表示时间,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time,day,hour,year等)。例如: October 1, 1949 was the day when the People's Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 引导的定语从句 where 表示      ,其先行词往往是表示            (如                         等)。例如: This is the room         we were living last winter?这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗? 3.why引导的定语从句 why 表示       ,常用先行词        后面。例如: I don't know the reason        she looks unhappy today.我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴。 The reason      he said that is quite clear. 他的原因十分清楚。 2.where 引导的定语从句 where 表示地点,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place,room,house,street, area等)。例如: This is the room where we were living last winter?这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗? 3.why引导的定语从句 why 表示原因,常用先行词 reason 后面。例如: I don't know the reason why she looks unhappy today.我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴。 The reason why he said that is quite clear. 他的原因十分清楚。 (三)关系代词前带介词的定语从句 1.关系代词 which,whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,从句常由“               ”引出。例如: Great changes are taking place in the city            they live.他们所居住的城市正在发生着巨大的变化。 The policeman              Mr. Henry is talking in the office is a friend of mine. 正在办公室与亨利先生谈话的那位警察是我的朋友。 2.这类从句中的介词也可放在从句的末尾,这时关系代词可以省略。例如: The situation (        ) we had got into was very dangerous.我们当时的处境很危险。 The man (        ) we sent the present to is a doctor of laws. 我们给寄礼物的那个人是位法学博士。 (三)关系代词前带介词的定语从句 1.关系代词 which,whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,从句常由“介词+which/whom”引出。例如: Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.他们所居住的城市正在发生着巨大的变化。 The policeman with whom Mr. Henry is talking in the office is a friend of mine. 正在办公室与亨利先生谈话的那位警察是我的朋友。 2.这类从句中的介词也可放在从句的末尾,这时关系代词可以省略。例如: The situation ( which) we had got into was very dangerous.我们当时的处境很危险。 The man (whom) we sent the present to is a doctor of laws. 我们给寄礼物的那个人是位法学博士。 3.定语从句也可由"                         "引出。例如: The house the windows of which ( =                  ) were damaged has now been repaired。 窗子遭破坏的那幢房子现已修好了。 We have two spare rooms upstairs ,                  has been much used in the past two years. 我们楼上有两间空房,过去两年内都没怎么用。 (四)关系代词as 引导的定语从句 as也可以用作关系代词,既可以               ,又可与主句中的         或      相呼应,从句中的谓语动词          。例如: 3.定语从句也可由"名词/代词/数词+介词+which/whom"引出。例如: The house the windows of which ( = whose windows) were damaged has now been repaired。 窗子遭破坏的那幢房子现已修好了。 We have two spare rooms upstairs , neither of which has been much used in the past two years. 我们楼上有两间空房,过去两年内都没怎么用。 (四)关系代词as 引导的定语从句 as也可以用作关系代词,既可以单独引出定语从句,又可与主句中的the same或such相呼应,从句中的谓语动词可省略。例如: We jumped for joy at the news,      was natural.我们听到消息时高兴地跳了起来,这是很自然的事情。 We do the same work      they (do).我们他们干同样的活。 He is not the same man      he was. 他从不一样了。 I hope to get such a dictionary     he is using.我希望得到像他正在用的那样一本词典。 We will give you such information     will help you in your work我们将向你们提供有助于你们工作的资料。 (五)关系代词 that与which的用法区别 1.        可引导非限制性定语从句,that则不能。例 He had failed in the math exam,           made his father very他数学考试没有及格,这使他的父亲很生气。 We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.我们听到消息时高兴地跳了起来,这是很自然的事情。 We do the same work as they (do).我们他们干同样的活。 He is not the same man as he was. 他从不一样了。 I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.我希望得到像他正在用的那样一本词典。 We will give you such information as will help you in your work我们将向你们提供有助于你们工作的资料。 (五)关系代词 that与which的用法区别 1.which可引导非限制性定语从句,that则不能。例 He had failed in the math exam, which made his father very他数学考试没有及格,这使他的父亲很生气。 2.        之前可以有介词,       之前则不能有介词。例如: This is the house in           Lu Xun used to live. 这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子 3.that 和 which都指物时,在以下情况下,只能用that 而不能用which。 (1)当先行词是                                                     时。例如: That is all (that) I want to say,那就是我想要说的。 There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他做那件事。 There was little (that) I could do for you. 我不能为你做什么。 (2)当先行词被             时。例如: The first place (that) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 2.which之前可以有介词,that之前则不能有介词。例如: This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live. 这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子 3.that 和 which都指物时,在以下情况下,只能用that 而不能用which。 (1)当先行词是all,everything,nothing, something,anything, much, little,few等不定代词时。例如: That is all (that) I want to say,那就是我想要说的。 There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他做那件事。 There was little (that) I could do for you. 我不能为你做什么。 (2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。例如: The first place (that) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 (3)当先行词被                   。例如: This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 (4)当先行词被                            等修饰时。例如: This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我想要买的词典。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 三、定语从句的分类 (一)限制性定语从句 有些定语从句对先行词具有限制作用,使该词的含义更具体、更明确,这种定语从句称为                   。这类从句             ,否则句子的意义将不完整。例如: (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。例如: This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 (4)当先行词被the very,the only,the last 等修饰时。例如: This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我想要买的词典。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 三、定语从句的分类 (一)限制性定语从句 有些定语从句对先行词具有限制作用,使该词的含义更具体、更明确,这种定语从句称为限制性定语从句。这类从句不能省掉,否则句子的意义将不完整。例如: Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?你记得中学教我们英语的那位老师吗? A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.词典是解释词语的书。 He is the man (whom) I want to see.他就是我要见的那个人。 注意:限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开,限制性定语从句修饰的是名词或代词,限制性定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 (二)非限制性定语从句 定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是作一些附加说明,不起限制作用,这种从句称为                         。这类从句往往用        与主句分开。例如: Mr. Zhang,         came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father' s.张先生昨天来看我,他是我父亲的一位老朋友。 Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 你记得中学教我们英语的那位老师吗? A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.词典是解释词语的书。 He is the man (whom) I want to see.他就是我要见的那个人。 注意:限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开,限制性定语从句修饰的是名词或代词,限制性定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 (二)非限制性定语从句 定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是作一些附加说明,不起限制作用,这种从句称为非限制性定语从句。这类从句往往用逗号与主句分开。例如: Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father' s.张先生昨天来看我,他是我父亲的一位老朋友。 We walked down the village street,           they were having market day.我们沿着村子的大街走去,村民们正在那里赶集。 注意:有时这类定语从句所修饰的不是前面某一个词,而是                    ,通常用逗号与主句分开。例如: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴。 四、使用定语从句应注意的问题 1.关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由        决定。例如: The man who lives downstairs             English fluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.我们沿着村子的大街走去,村民们正在那里赶集。 注意:有时这类定语从句所修饰的不是前面某一个词,而是代表整个主句所讲的内容,通常用逗号与主句分开。例如: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴。 四、使用定语从句应注意的问题 1.关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。例如: The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 The students who are in Grade Three        going to climb the hill tomorrow. 三年级的学生打算明天去爬山。 2.有时定语从句与先行词之间被一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。例如: There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand.在他的眼睛里有一种我不明白的神情。 The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon.中国人民被人轻视的日子一去不复返了。 3.引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“                 "来代替。例如: October 1, 1949 was the day               (=when) the People's Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 This is the room            (=where) Lu Xun once lived.这是鲁迅曾住过的房间。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 三年级的学生打算明天去爬山。 2.有时定语从句与先行词之间被一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。例如: There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand.在他的眼睛里有一种我不明白的神情。 The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon.中国人民被人轻视的日子一去不复返了。 3.引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词+which"来代替。例如: October 1, 1949 was the day on which (=when) the People's Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 This is the room in which (=where) Lu Xun once lived.这是鲁迅曾住过的房间。 4.当定语从句中谓语动词是带                       ,动词短语不能拆开。例如: The dictionary which you are                  is on the desk.你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。 The sick man whom she is                  is her father.她正在照料的病人是他的父亲。 5.注意介词与代词的位置:介词在关系代词前,只能用                ,不能用that 和 who,且不能省略;介词在句尾,关系代词可用                ,口语中也可用       ,可      。例如: This is the room in which we lived last year.=This is the room we lived in last year.这就是我们去年住过的房间。 Who's the man (whom) you just shook hands with?= Who's the man with whom you just shook hands?刚才与你握手的那个人是谁? 4.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的动词短语时,动词短语不能拆开。例如: The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk.你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。 The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.她正在照料的病人是他的父亲。 5.注意介词与代词的位置:介词在关系代词前,只能用which和whom,不能用that 和 who,且不能省略;介词在句尾,关系代词可用which,that,whom,口语中也可用who,可省略。例如: This is the room in which we lived last year.=This is the room we lived in last year.这就是我们去年住过的房间。 Who's the man (whom) you just shook hands with?= Who's the man with whom you just shook hands?刚才与你握手的那个人是谁? The man (whom/who/that) you were talking about has come to school.你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。 6.关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个       ,因此,使用时要注意在从句中避免句子成分的重复出现。例如: (误)Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought it yesterday. (正) Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought yesterday. 请让我看一看你昨天买的那本词典。 (误) This is the house where I lived in two years ago. (正) This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 The man (whom/who/that) you were talking about has come to school.你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。 6.关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分,因此,使用时要注意在从句中避免句子成分的重复出现。例如: (误)Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought it yesterday. (正) Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought yesterday. 请让我看一看你昨天买的那本词典。 (误) This is the house where I lived in two years ago. (正) This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 【即时训练】 1.The boy ______ is standing there is our new classmate. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】B 【详解】先行词 the boy 指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用 who。which 指物;whom 只能作宾语;whose 表所属 “…… 的”。句意:站在那里的男孩是我们的新同学。 【即时训练】 2.This is the book ______ I bought in the bookstore last week. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】C 【详解】先行词 the book 指物,关系代词 which 在从句中作 bought 的宾语,也可用 that,还可以省略。句意:这就是我上周在书店买的那本书。 【即时训练】 3.The girl ______ we met yesterday is good at English. A. whom B. whose C. which D. what 【答案】A 【详解】先行词 the girl 指人,关系词在从句中作 met 的宾语,用 whom,也可用 who/that,可省略。what 不能引导定语从句。句意:我们昨天遇见的那个女孩擅长英语。 【即时训练】 4.Is there anything ______ I can do for you? A. which B. that C. what D. who 【答案】B 【详解】先行词是不定代词 anything,定语从句只能用 that 引导,不能用 which。句意:有什么我可以帮你的吗? 【即时训练】 5.This is the best film ______ I have ever watched. A. which B. what C. that D. who 【答案】C 【详解】先行词被最高级 the best 修饰,定语从句只能用 that。句意:这是我看过最好的电影。 【即时训练】 6.I will never forget the day ______ I joined this school. A. when B. which C. that D. what 【答案】A 【详解】先行词 the day 表时间;when 是关系副词,在从句中作时间状语,相当于 on which。句意:我永远不会忘记我入学的那一天。 【即时训练】 7.This is the factory ______ my uncle works. A. which B. where C. that D. what 【答案】B 【详解】先行词 the factory 表地点;where 在从句中作地点状语,相当于 in which。从句不缺主语、宾语,不用 which/that。句意:这就是我叔叔工作的工厂。 【即时训练】 8.The reason ______ he was late is that he missed the early bus. A. why B. which C. that D. what 【答案】A 【详解】先行词 the reason 表原因;why 在从句中作原因状语,相当于 for which。句意:他迟到的原因是错过了早班车。 【即时训练】 9.The house ______ windows face south is my grandma’s. A. which B. who C. whose D. that 【答案】C 【详解】whose 表所属关系,“…… 的”;whose windows = the house’s windows。句意:窗户朝南的那栋房子是我奶奶的。 【即时训练】 10.He has two sons, ______ work as teachers. A. both of them B. both of whom C. both of which D. they 【答案】B 【详解】非限制性定语从句,先行词 two sons 指人;介词 of 后面指人只能用 whom,不能用 that/who。逗号隔开,不能用 both of them。句意:他有两个儿子,两个人都是老师。 【即时训练】 11.The dictionary ______ you are looking for is on the desk. A. / B. where C. whose D. when 【答案】A 【详解】先行词 the dictionary 指物;关系代词 that/which 在从句作 look for 的宾语,可以直接省略。where、when 作状语,不能作宾语。句意:你正在找的那本词典在桌子上。 【即时训练】 12.My mother, ______ is a doctor, often tells me to study hard. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】B 【详解】逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句,先行词 my mother 指人,从句缺主语,用 who;非限制性定语从句不能用 that。句意:我的妈妈是一名医生,她经常告诉我要努力学习。 【即时训练】 13.All the students ______ are from our class passed the exam. A. which B. that C. who’s D. whom 【答案】B 【详解】先行词有 all 修饰,定语从句优先用 that;从句缺主语。句意:我们班所有的学生都通过了这次考试。 【即时训练】 14.The girl ______ our teacher is talking with is Li Hua. A. with whom B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】B 【详解】先行词 the girl 指人,关系代词 whom 作介词 with 的宾语;本句介词 with 放在从句内部,不用提前。如果介词提前,则写成 with whom。句意:正在和老师交谈的那个女孩是李华。 【即时训练】 15.He failed the exam, ______ made his parents very sad. A. that B. which C. what D. who 【答案】B 【详解】which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整件事情 “他考试失利”;非限制性定语从句不能用 that。句意:他考试失利,这件事让他父母很伤心。 04 真题溯源·考向感知 53 1.(2015年湖北省技能高考 第36题) She has never heard such a terrible story _______ he told. A. like B. as C. which D. that 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句固定搭配 such…as…,as 引导定语从句,在从句中作 told 的宾语,指代先行词 story。辨析:such…that… 引导结果状语从句,that 在从句中不作成分,从句结构完整;本句 he told 后面缺少宾语,不是完整句子,因此不能用 that。like 是介词,不能引导从句。句意:她从未听过像他讲的这么可怕的故事。 【即时训练】 2.(2017年湖北省技能高考第39题)Virginia, is said to be quite beautiful,is the home of many famous people. A. that B. what C. which D. who 【答案】C 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。先行词 Virginia 是地名(物),逗号隔开为非限制性定语从句,从句缺少主语,用 which。非限制性定语从句不能用 that;what 不能引导定语从句;who 先行词必须指人。句意:弗吉尼亚据说非常美丽,是许多名人的故乡。 3.(2022年湖北省技能高考第41题) It is the brave soldiers keep our motherland safe. A who B.which C.when D.where 【答案】A 【详解】考查强调句型 It is/was…who/that…。被强调部分 the brave soldiers 是人,用 who(也可用 that)。which 用于指物;when、where 是关系副词,引导定语从句,在从句中作状语,本句从句缺主语,排除 C、D。句意:正是这些勇敢的战士保卫着我们祖国的安全。 4.(2023年湖北省技能高考第40题)Ms. Tu is a great scientist I respect. A. whom B. why C. when D. where 【答案】A 【详解】本题先行词是scientist,指人,且先行词在定语从句中做宾语,故要用whom来引导定语从句。 Thank you for listening $

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专题12 定语从句(课件)2027年湖北省(技能高考)《英语一轮讲练测》
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专题12 定语从句(课件)2027年湖北省(技能高考)《英语一轮讲练测》
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专题12 定语从句(课件)2027年湖北省(技能高考)《英语一轮讲练测》
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专题12 定语从句(课件)2027年湖北省(技能高考)《英语一轮讲练测》
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专题12 定语从句(课件)2027年湖北省(技能高考)《英语一轮讲练测》
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专题12 定语从句(课件)2027年湖北省(技能高考)《英语一轮讲练测》
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