Unit 2 Reading Plus 知识点精讲 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语知识清单围绕“天花与疫苗的发现”主题，系统梳理Unit 2 Reading Plus核心知识点。从疾病背景（如smallpox的全球影响）到科学家Jenner的成长经历，再到疫苗发现过程及影响，构建“背景-人物-发现-成果”的学习支架，涵盖词汇（如vaccine）、语法（used to do, 强调句）、短语（millions of, come up with）等关键内容。 知识链路以语篇语境为依托，按“现象描述-原因分析-实践验证”逻辑展开，每个知识点配套词性转换、填空、翻译等分层练习。通过人物故事线整合语言知识，培养学生语言能力（语境理解与表达）和思维品质（分析推断），综合练习题强化学习能力，体现“以用促学”的学科特色。

Unit 2 Reading Plus 知识点精讲 句子 1 Smallpox used to be one of the worst global diseases. 核心词汇 & 短语 smallpox /ˈsmɔːlpɒks/n. 天花 used to do sth. 过去常常（现在不再） global adj. 全球 → globe n. 地球；globally adv. 全球地 one of + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词：最…… 之一 翻译：天花曾是全球最可怕的疾病之一。 拓展例句：He used to catch colds easily. 配套练习 ①词性转换：global (名词) → ________ ②填空：This was one of ________ (bad) illnesses long ago. ③改错：He use to work as a doctor. ________ 句子 2 It killed millions of people in history. However, we do not hear much about it anymore. 短语 millions of 数百万（模糊数字，有 s+of）；in history 在历史上 however adv. 然而，逗号隔开；not…anymore 不再 区分：million 前有具体数字不加 s：two million people 翻译：历史上它夺走了数百万人的生命，但如今我们很少再听闻天花。 配套练习 填空：________ (million) of people suffered from smallpox. 同义句：People never heard of it any longer. 句子 3 Because it is no longer around in nature. This happened mainly because of the work of Edward Jenner (1749-1823), an English doctor and scientist. 语法区分 because + 完整句子；because of + 名词 / 动名词 around adj. 存在，流通；mainly adv. 主要 → main adj. 主要 同位语：an English doctor and scientist 补充说明 Jenner 身份 翻译：因为天花在自然界已经绝迹。这一切主要归功于英国医生、科学家爱德华・詹纳（1749–1823）的研究。 配套练习 改错：He succeeded because he’s hard work. ________ 词性转换：main (副词) → ________ 句子 4 Jenner did not have an easy childhood. His parents died when he was young, and his elder brother raised him. 词汇 childhood n. 童年（child 小孩）；elder brother 哥哥 raise v. 抚养；举起（过去式 raised） 翻译：詹纳的童年十分坎坷。他幼年父母双亡，由哥哥抚养长大。 配套练习 词性转换：child (名词童年) → ________ 填空：His aunt ________ (raise) him after his parents died. 句子 5 It was difficult for him to do well in school, but he had a passion for nature. 固定句型 It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事…… passion n. 热爱；激情 搭配 have a passion for 热爱…… 翻译：他在校成绩平平，但他由衷热爱大自然。 配套练习 翻译：对他来说钻研医学很难，但他热爱研究。________________ 同义句：He found it hard to get good grades at school. 句子 6 At 13, he became an apprentice to a doctor for eight years. An apprentice is a young person who learns a job by working for someone else. 词汇 apprentice /əˈprentɪs/n. 学徒 定语从句 who learns a job… 修饰 a young person by doing 通过某种方式 翻译：13 岁时，他拜师成为一名医生的学徒，一学就是八年。学徒就是通过为他人做工来学习手艺的年轻人。 配套练习 填空：He learns skills by ________ (work) for the doctor. 句子 7 It was hard for doctors to be well-respected at that time because modern medicine had not fully developed. 重点 well-respected adj. 受人尊敬（被动含义） fully adv. 完全 → full adj. 完整 过去完成时 had not developed：过去之前尚未发展成熟 翻译：在那个年代医生很难受人敬重，因为现代医学尚未完全成型。 配套练习 词性转换：full (副词) → ________ 句子 8 After he finished his studies, Jenner went back to his home in the countryside because he liked it more. 短语 finish one’s studies 完成学业；go back to 返回；countryside n. 乡下 翻译：完成学业后，詹纳回到了乡下老家，他更喜欢那里。 配套练习 填空：After ________ (finish) school, he returned to the countryside. 句子 9 It was while working as a doctor that Jenner discovered that milkmaids— women who milk cows— rarely got smallpox. 语法强调句 It was…that… 正是…… milkmaid n. 挤奶女工；milk v. 挤奶；rarely adv. 很少（否定含义） 翻译：正是行医期间，詹纳发现挤奶女工很少得天花。 配套练习 词性转换：rare (副词) → ________ 句子 10 They often got cowpox, a disease like smallpox, but these milkmaids did not get very sick and they did not die. cowpox n. 牛痘；同位语 a disease like smallpox 解释牛痘 get sick 生病 翻译：她们常会感染牛痘，一种类似天花的疾病，但症状轻微，不会致死。 句子 11 He wondered: Do milkmaids get protected from smallpox just because they often get cowpox? 搭配 protect sb. from sth. 保护某人免受……（被动 be protected from） wonder v. 想知道 翻译：他心生疑惑：是不是因为常感染牛痘，挤奶女工就能免受天花侵袭？ 配套练习 填空：The vaccine can protect us ________ smallpox. 句子 12 To test this, Jenner came up with the idea of first giving some people cowpox, then giving them smallpox. 不定式 To test 作目的状语 come up with 想出（主意、方案）；give sb. sth. 给某人某物 翻译：为验证猜想，詹纳想出一个方案：先给人接种牛痘，再让他们接触天花。 配套练习 翻译：科学家想出办法来对抗病毒。________________ 句子 13 After many other tests, he realized that cowpox could actually be used to protect people from getting smallpox. 被动语态 be used to do 被用来做某事 realize v. 意识到；actually adv. 实际上 翻译：多次试验后他证实，牛痘确实能用来预防天花。 配套练习 词性转换：actual (副词) → ________ 句子 14 Jenner invented a new word to describe what he had created:“vaccine”. The word comes from the Latin word for“cow”. invent v. 发明（新事物）；inventor n. 发明者；invention n. 发明 vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/n. 疫苗；Latin adj. 拉丁语的 宾语从句 what he had created 翻译：詹纳创造了新词 “vaccine（疫苗）”，该词源自拉丁语里 “牛” 的含义。 配套练习 词性转换：invent (名词发明者 / 发明物) ________ /________ 句子 15 It was wonderful that, because of Jenner's work, smallpox is not around anymore and people no longer die from it. die from 死于（外部疾病、事故）；区分 die of 死于内因衰老 句型 It is wonderful that… …… 这件事太棒了 翻译：詹纳的研究带来了奇迹，天花彻底消失，再也无人因它丧命。 配套练习 改错：Many people died of smallpox in old days. ________ 句子 16 His pioneering research has been used to create vaccines for other diseases. pioneering adj. 开创性；pioneer n. 先驱 现在完成被动 has been used 一直被沿用 翻译：他开创性的研究至今仍被用来研发其他疾病的疫苗。 配套练习 词性转换：pioneer (形容词) → ________ 综合巩固练习题 一、词性转换 1. globe (adj. 全球的) ________ 2. main (adv. 主要地) ________ 3. child (n. 童年) ________ 4. full (adv. 完全地) ________ 5. rare (adv. 很少) ________ 6. actual (adv. 实际上) ________ 7. invent (n. 发明者) ________ (n. 发明物) ________ 8. pioneer (adj. 开创性的) ________ 9. patient (n. 耐心) 拓展补充：passion (adj. 热情的) ________ 二、短语填空 1. He ________ ________ (想出) a plan to test cowpox years ago. 2. We should be protected ________ all kinds of serious illnesses. 3. Millions of people ________ ________ (死于) smallpox long ago. 4. He ________ ________ (热爱) medical research when he was young. 5. ________ ________ (数百万) farmers learned new planting skills. 6. He ________ ________ (返回) the countryside after studying in London. 参考答案 一、词性转换 global 2. mainly 3. childhood 4. fully 5. rarely actually 7. inventor; invention 8. pioneering 9. passionate 二、短语填空 came up with 2. from 3. died from 4. had a passion for Millions of 6. went back to 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $