Unit 5 Learning from Nature 阶段练习-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第三册

Unit 5　Learning from Nature 基础练 Ⅰ.品句填词 1.The old farmer lived in a small wooden 　　　　　(村舍) at the foot of the mountain,far from the noisy city.  2.Many young people dream of living a quiet life in r　　　　　 areas,away from the busy pace of urban life.  3.It takes great courage and 　　　　　　(智慧) to admit our mistakes and learn from them. 4.The p　　　　　 of the snow-capped mountains reminded her of the simple and honest life she had in her childhood.  5.With hard work and constant effort,she managed to 　　　　　(得到) her long-awaited goal of entering her dream university.  6.Teachers need to carefully e　　　　　 each student’s strengths and weaknesses to give targeted guidance.  7.He decided to 　　　　　(拒绝接受) his application for the competition after learning about the strict requirements.  8.Traditional craftsmen still e　　　　　 ancient techniques to make their works unique and full of cultural charm.  9.She refused to 　　　　　　(使顺从) herself to the unfair rules and chose to fight for her rights bravely.  10.It is wise to w　　　　　 from the argument before things turn into a quarrel.  Ⅱ.选词填空 at ease with,seek solutions to,take...for granted,respond to,take inspiration from,in return for 1.When facing environmental challenges,scientists and policymakers work together to 　　　　　　　　　　　　these problems.  2.Many designers often 　　　　　　　　　　　　traditional folk art to create new and creative works.  3.The company promised to offer free after-sales service 　　　　　　　　　customers’ trust and support.  4.As a responsible person,he always knows how to 　　　　　　　　　　　emergencies quickly and calmly.  5.After a month of getting along,she finally feels 　　　　　　　　　　　her new colleagues in the office.  6.We often 　　　　　　the convenience brought by modern technology 　　　　　　　　　　　　without thinking about how it is made.  Ⅲ.完成下面语段,尽可能多地使用本单元语法 Let children learn 1.　　　　　　　　　　(judge) their own work.A child learning to talk does not learn by 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　(correct) all the time.He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others’ language.Bit by bit,he makes the right changes 3.　　　　　　　　　　(make) his language like other people’s.It is the same with all the other things.They learn those things by 4.　　　　　(compare) their own behavior with that of people who are more 5.　　　　　　(skill),and slowly make the needed changes.So in school,teachers should give a child a chance to find out his mistakes on his own,instead of doing it all for him.Teachers sometimes act as if the student would fail 6.　　　　　　　　　　(notice) a mistake if they did not point it out to him.But in fact,the best way is 7.　　　　　　　　(let) the student do it himself.Let him work it out!  Ⅳ.追型逐句 1.我很遗憾地通知你,你没有通过面试。 I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that you didn’t pass the interview.  2.我们有责任分析该问题,看看什么地方出了问题。 It is our duty 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and see where things went wrong.  3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能更好些。 I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.  4.我很难想象彼得借酒消愁。 I can hardly imagine Peter 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.在做决定前认真倾听不同意见彰显智慧,有助于我们综合考量各种观点。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 before making a decision shows wisdom,helping us consider various views.  提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A The Development of Solar Energy in China Solar energy,as a clean and renewable energy source,is a key part of China’s energy transition strategy aimed at achieving carbon neutrality and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.In recent years,China has made great progress in solar power development,with continuous technological breakthroughs and steady expansion of application scale.The efficiency of solar cells has reached a world-leading level,even exceeding 26% in some advanced products.The table below shows its installed capacity(装机容量) and annual power generation from 2020 to 2024,reflecting the rapid and stable development momentum of China’s solar industry in the past five years. Year Installed Capacity(GW) Power Generation(TWh) 2020 253.4 261.1 2021 306.5 327.8 2022 392.6 427.0 2023 609.5 586.5 2024 886.7 720.2 In the past decade,the cost of solar power generation has dropped by more than 80%,making it more competitive than traditional fossil energy such as coal and oil.Solar energy also plays an important role in rural revitalization(振兴),with small-scale solar power stations built in many rural areas to meet local electricity needs and bring additional income to farmers through selling extra electricity to the power grid.Li Jun,a senior researcher at the China Energy Research Institute,said,“China will continue to strengthen technological innovation,optimize industrial chains,and expand solar energy application scenarios(方案) to promote green and sustainable development in the energy sector.” 1.What is the goal of China’s energy transition strategy that takes solar energy as a key part? A.To increase the use of fossil energy. B.To achieve carbon neutrality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. C.To expand the scale of coal power. D.To reduce the income of farmers. 2.How much did the installed capacity of solar energy in China increase from 2020 to 2024? A.633.3 GW. B.886.7 GW. C.253.4 GW. D.720.2 TWh. 3.Which of the following is NOT the benefit of solar energy mentioned in the passage? A.It helps with rural revitalization. B.It brings extra income to farmers. C.It is more competitive than traditional fossil energy. D.It increases the cost of power generation. B (2026湖北武汉高二下月考) When you rub(摩擦) a balloon on your skin,it produces electricity—a familiar example of charge separation(电荷分离),a process in which opposite charges are separated,creating electric potential.Similarly,raindrops striking a narrow tube create a tiny yet significant burst of energy.Now,researchers from the National University of Singapore(NUS) have tapped into this effect to generate electricity using rain-like droplets. Conventional hydropower(水力发电) relies on large water flows,which only work in places like rivers.For smaller,slower flows,researchers have explored charge separation.They use a tube to let water flow through it continuously.Charges gather on the surface that the water touches.In this way,researchers can collect charges,but it is far from effective. To solve this problem,the NUS team built a special device.At both ends of the device—the top of the newly-designed tube(about 2 millimeters in width),and the water-collecting cup at the bottom—electrical wires were placed to harvest charges.First,water is released from a metal needle,forming rain-like droplets.When these droplets enter the tube,their impacts create “plug flow”,in which the water forms mini columns separated by air gaps.This flow is crucial because it allows more surface contact and more time for charges to build up,generating up to 100,000 times more charge separation than continuous flow.As charged droplets exit the tube and fall into the cup,charges build up in the water,creating an electric current.In tests,four tubes produced enough electricity to power 12 LED lights continuously for 20 seconds. According to the study’s lead author,this model shows how rain can be used to generate clean electricity effectively and sustainably,especially in rainy places such as Singapore.Its potential is enormous,as it offers an alternative energy source even in cities.Imagine a rain collection device on your roof,producing small amounts of electricity whenever it rains—a small step for a raindrop,but a giant leap for sustainable energy technology. 4.What problem do the NUS researchers aim to solve? A.The difficulty of separating charges. B.The lack of clean electricity sources. C.The inefficiency of charge harvesting. D.The damage of traditional hydropower. 5.Which of the following best illustrates “plug flow”? 6.What is the last paragraph mainly about concerning the model? A.Its potential cost in urban areas. B.Its promising use in green energy. C.Its complex design for rain power. D.Its practical need for more devices. 7.What is a suitable title for the text? A.Revolutionary Energy from Raindrops B.Urgent Demand for Sustainable Energy C.Capturing Raindrops through Innovation D.Turning Charge Separation into Electricity Ⅵ.七选五 (2026河南南阳一模) There’s something magical about the way imagination works.It knows no boundaries and can turn simple thoughts into real change.　1　  Take the story of Mark Lee.He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks.　2　 Using an old 3D printer,Mark started experimenting.He melted plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks.At first,everything went wrong—the plastic broke,the printer jammed,and the pieces didn’t fit together.　3　  But Mark had a different idea.He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully.　4　 Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood,and his design won a national high school invention competition.　5　 Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books.Inspired by magical maps in her stories,she wondered:what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities?She gathered friends,learned some basic programming,and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about.  Next time you see a young person lost in thought,don’t rush to pull them back.They might just be imagining the next great idea. A.And he’s not alone. B.People can match scientists in imagination. C.After months of trial and error,he succeeded. D.With support from his parents,he bought some bricks. E.Everyone around thought he should abandon his pursuit. F.Around the world,kids are imagining like never before. G.Instead of simply complaining,he decided to do something about it. Ⅶ.完形填空 (2026安徽安庆高二下月考) We talk about the persistence needed to make our dream come true today.Just think of Wilbur and Orville Wright.Their 　1　 definitely didn’t happen overnight!  Wilbur was 12 years old and Orville 8 when their father brought home a toy.It was a rubber 　2　 made in France.They liked it so much that they played with it until it broke.Immediately,they began 　3　 copies.They were hooked on aviation!In 1900,as young men,having built their first glider(滑翔机),they decided to 　4　 it out at Kitty Hawk on Kill Devil Hills.It 　5　 consistent strong winds and the somewhat cushioning(减震的) effects of sand.That first flight was unsuccessful,but it didn’t stop them.After several more tries,on December 17,1903,with a much 　6　 plane,they risked their lives to fly it in the wind.They 　7　 flying the world’s first powered airplane.Beginning at 10:35 a.m.that day,Orville 　8　 it 120 feet in about 12 seconds!At 12:00,Wilbur flew it 852 feet in 59 seconds!Johnny Moore,one of the five men who 　9　 them that morning (in charge of dragging the plane across the sand for positioning),ran to the village of Kitty Hawk crying.“They’ve made it!” This was the 　10　 of aviation!At this time,Wilbur was 36 and Orville 32.Roughly 24 years had passed since their father gave them that 　11　!  If you have a dream,work at it.If it doesn’t turn out as 　12　,try again!Stick to what you want 　13　.Don’t ever give up!　14　 in the world can take the place of persistence.Talent will not.Nothing is more 　15　 than unsuccessful men with talent.Persistence and determination alone make a difference.  1.A.potential B.accident C.achievement D.change 2.A.car B.bicycle C.helicopter D.recording 3.A.building B.selling C.interpreting D.drawing 4.A.put B.try C.pick D.carry 5.A.avoided B.prevented C.provided D.consulted 6.A.flexible B.fundamental C.energized D.improved 7.A.exposed to B.relied on C.gave up D.ended up 8.A.flew B.placed C.dragged D.pulled 9.A.expanded B.assessed C.uploaded D.assisted 10.A.result B.birth C.target D.development 11.A.toy B.rank C.promise D.wisdom 12.A.urged B.decided C.expected D.required 13.A.respectively B.morally C.uncritically D.faithfully 14.A.Something B.Nothing C.Anything D.Everything 15.A.common B.vivid C.satisfactory D.painful Ⅷ.语篇填空 (2026河南周口高二下阶段检测) Mount Tai,a towering peak in Shandong Province,China,is renowned for its steep terrain(地形) with over 7,000 steps.Climbing this mountain is challenging,especially for 1.　　　　　　 elderly and those with mobility issues.  However,AI-powered exoskeletons(外骨骼机器人) are making the journey simpler.These robotic legs,weighing only 1.8 kilograms,are designed to wrap around users’ waists and thighs(大腿),offering assistance 2.　　　　　　　 (ease) the burden on legs.The exoskeletons made their debut(首次亮相) during the Spring Festival,3.　　　　　　(attract) over 200 users.Users reported feeling like someone was pulling them uphill,making the climb much easier.However,some mentioned inconvenience in using the device for 4.　　　　　　(activity) like tying shoelaces or using the bathroom.Despite these issues,the exoskeletons are seen 5.　　　　　 a “true blessing” for senior citizens.This innovation not only aids mountain climbing 6.　　　　　 highlights potential applications in elderly care,a growing market in China,7.　　　　　　 the population of seniors is rapidly increasing.  The smart elderly care market 8.　　　　　　　　　　　(estimate) at 6.8 trillion yuan last year.Kunqing Technology,the co-developer,has launched an exoskeleton 9.　　　　　　(specific) designed for elderly users.To fully unlock the potential of elderly care robots,industry insiders told Xinhua News Agency that stronger policy support is needed to scale up their production while keeping prices 10.　　　　　　(afford) for all.  参考答案 基础练 Ⅰ.1.cottage　2.rural　3.wisdom　4.purity　5.attain　6.evaluate 7.reject　8.employ　9.resign　10.withdraw Ⅱ.1.seek solutions to　2.take inspiration from　3.in return for 4.respond to　5.at ease with　6.take;for granted Ⅲ.1.to judge　2.being corrected　3.to make　4.comparing 5.skilled　6.to notice　7.to let Ⅳ.1.regret to inform you　2.to analyse the problem 3.was disappointed at　4.drowning his sorrows 5.Listening carefully to different opinions 提升练 Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国太阳能发展现状、装机容量与发电量数据、成本优势以及在能源转型和乡村振兴中的重要作用。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Solar energy,as a clean and renewable energy source,is a key part of China’s energy transition strategy aimed at achieving carbon neutrality and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.”可知,中国能源转型战略的目标是实现碳中和、减少温室气体排放。故选B项。 2.A　细节理解题。根据表格数据可知,2020年装机容量为253.4吉瓦,2024年装机容量为886.7吉瓦。886.7减去253.4等于633.3吉瓦。由此可知,2020年到2024年太阳能装机容量增长633.3吉瓦。故选A项。 3.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the past decade,the cost of solar power generation has dropped by more than 80%,making it more competitive than traditional fossil energy such as coal and oil.”以及“Solar energy also plays an important role in rural revitalization,with small-scale solar power stations built in many rural areas to meet local electricity needs and bring additional income to farmers through selling extra electricity to the power grid.”可知,文中未提及太阳能会增加发电成本。故选D项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡国立大学的研究人员通过利用雨滴撞击窄管产生的电荷分离效应,开发出一种新型发电装置,有效解决了小流量水发电效率低的问题,展示了雨滴发电在绿色能源领域的巨大潜力。 4.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“For smaller,slower flows,researchers have explored charge separation.They use a tube to let water flow through it continuously.Charges gather on the surface that the water touches.In this way,researchers can collect charges,but it is far from effective.”可知,研究人员面临的问题是收集电荷的效率很低。因此,NUS研究人员旨在解决的问题是电荷收集的低效性。故选C项。 5.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中“When these droplets enter the tube,their impacts create ‘plug flow’, in which the water forms mini columns separated by air gaps.”可知,“塞流”指的是水形成由气隙隔开的小柱。结合选项可知,D项符合“塞流”的特点。故选D项。 6.B　主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容可知,最后一段主要讲的是该模型在绿色能源方面有前景的应用。故选B项。 7.A　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段中“Now,researchers from the National University of Singapore(NUS) have tapped into this effect to generate electricity using rain-like droplets.”可知,文章主要介绍了新加坡国立大学的研究人员利用雨滴撞击窄管产生的电荷分离效应来发电,展示了雨滴发电在绿色能源领域的巨大潜力。因此,A项“来自雨滴的革命性能源”是最合适的标题。故选A项。 Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述Mark Lee和Sally Carter两个孩子的故事,展现了孩子们丰富的想象力以及他们如何将想象转化为实际行动,进而带来改变,强调了不要轻视孩子们看似发呆的想象,因为他们可能正孕育着伟大的创意。 1.F　上文“There’s something magical about the way imagination works.It knows no boundaries and can turn simple thoughts into real change.”强调了想象力的神奇和强大,下文通过Mark Lee和Sally Carter两个孩子的故事进一步说明孩子们的想象力以及带来的改变。F项“在世界各地,孩子们正以前所未有的方式进行想象。”符合语境,既承接上文关于想象力的内容,又引出下文孩子们想象并带来改变的例子,故选F项。 2.G　上文“He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks.”说明Mark Lee看到塑料瓶乱扔的情况很沮丧,空格处应说明他针对这种情况采取的行动。G项“他没有只是抱怨,而是决定做点什么。”符合语境,与上文形成转折关系,且引出下文他用旧3D打印机做实验的内容,故选G项。 3.E　上文“At first,everything went wrong—the plastic broke,the printer jammed,and the pieces didn’t fit together.”说明Mark Lee一开始的实验很不顺利。E项“Everyone around thought he should abandon his pursuit.”符合语境,承接上文实验不顺利的情况,说明周围人对他的看法,且与下文“But Mark had a different idea.”形成转折关系,故选E项。 4.C　上文“He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully.”说明Mark Lee针对之前的问题进行了改进,空格处应说明改进后的结果。C项“经过几个月的反复试验,他成功了。”符合语境,承接上文的改进措施,且引出下文他用砖块建自行车棚并获奖的内容,故选C项。 5.A　下文“Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books...created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about.”讲述了另一个孩子Sally Carter将想象转化为实际行动并取得成果的故事。空格处应引出这个故事。A项“他并不是唯一一个这样做的人。”符合语境,承接上文Mark Lee的故事,且引出下文Sally Carter的故事,故选A项。 Ⅶ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。威尔伯和奥维尔·赖特的父亲在他们小时候送给了他们一架由法国制造的橡皮材质的直升机玩具,这点燃了他们的梦想,在长大后他们成功制造出了世界上第一架有动力的飞机。作者通过这个故事表明唯有坚持不懈和坚定不移才能有所成就。 1.C　根据上文“We talk about the persistence needed to make our dream come true today.Just think of Wilbur and Orville Wright.”可知,此处是指威尔伯和奥维尔·赖特的成就不是一蹴而就的。故选C项。 2.C　根据下文“having built their first glider”可知,此处是指这是一架由法国制造的橡皮材质的直升机。故选C项。 3.A　根据下文“having built their first glider”可知,此处是指他们开始制作复制品。故选A项。 4.B　根据下文“That first flight was unsuccessful”可知,此处是指他们决定试飞自己制造的滑翔机。故选B项。 5.C　根据上文“at Kitty Hawk on Kill Devil Hills”可知,此处是指基迪维尔山提供了持续强劲的风力。故选C项。 6.D　根据上文“After several more tries”可知,此处是指他们驾驶着一架经过大幅改进的飞机。故选D项。 7.D　根据下文“At 12:00,Wilbur flew it 852 feet in 59 seconds!”可知,此处是指他们最终驾驶着世界上第一架有动力的飞机飞行。故选D项。 8.A　根据下文“At 12:00,Wilbur flew it 852 feet in 59 seconds!”可知,此处是指奥维尔驾驶着飞机飞行了约 120 英尺。故选A项。 9.D　根据下文“in charge of dragging the plane across the sand for positioning”可知,此处是指负责协助他们的人。故选D项。 10.B　根据上文“They’ve made it!”可知,此处是指这次试飞成功代表着航空业的诞生。故选B项。 11.A　根据上文“Wilbur was 12 years old and Orville 8 when their father brought home a toy.”可知,此处是指自从他们的父亲送给他们那个玩具以来。故选A项。 12.C　根据上文“If you have a dream,work at it.”可知,此处是指如果结果不像预期的那样。故选C项。 13.D　根据下文“Don’t ever give up!”可知,此处是指坚定不移地坚持你所想要的。故选D项。 14.B　根据下文“Talent will not.”可知,此处是指没有任何东西能够取代坚持不懈的作用。故选B项。 15.A　根据下文“Persistence and determination alone make a difference.”和上文“Talent will not.”可知,此处指没有什么比那些有才华却未能成功的人更为常见了。故选A项。 Ⅷ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能外骨骼机器人助力老年人及行动不便者攀登泰山,介绍其功能、使用感受、存在不足,以及智能养老市场的发展现状与行业发展需求。 1.the　考查冠词。定冠词the加形容词表示一类人,the elderly为固定表达,泛指老年人,所以填the。 2.to ease　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,佩戴设备的目的是缓解腿部压力,所以用动词不定式to ease作目的状语。 3.attracting　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语The exoskeletons与attract之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词attracting。 4.activities　考查名词复数。activity为可数名词,后文列举多种活动,需用复数形式activities。 5.as　考查介词。固定搭配be seen as,意为“被看作;被视为”,所以此处为介词as。 6.but　考查连词。固定搭配not only...but (also)...,意为“不仅……而且……”,所以填but。 7.where　考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为market表抽象地点,从句中缺少地点状语,所以用关系副词where。 8.was estimated　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词,根据时间状语last year可知用一般过去时;主语market与estimate之间为被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词为was estimated。 9.specifically　考查副词。此处修饰过去分词designed,需用副词,specific的副词形式为specifically,意为“专门地”。 10.affordable　考查形容词。此处为形容词作宾语补足语,afford的形容词形式affordable,意为“价格合理的”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $