Unit 8 Fighting pandemics【语法】反身代词-2025-2026学年沪外教版八年级上册

该初中英语讲义通过知识归纳与结构化呈现构建反身代词语法体系，涵盖构成规则（单数加-self、复数加-selves）、两大核心用法（作宾语强调动作返回主语、作同位语加强语气），并以表格归纳人称代词与反身代词对应关系，列表梳理高频固定短语及易错点，清晰呈现重难点分布与内在逻辑。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础层通过单选、选词填空巩固基础用法，提升层借助句型改写、判断改错培养语言运用能力，拓展层结合科普社团情境的对话填空与书面表达（如写作要求用3处反身代词），助力学生发展语言能力与学习能力。易错警示（如人称一致性原则）引导学生形成严谨思维，支持不同层次学生自主复习，教师可据此实施精准教学。

Unit 8 Fighting pandemics【语法】-反身代词 【同步语法复习】 1、 知识归纳总结 (1) 构成规则 · 反身代词由两部分构成： 1. 单数形式：人称代词宾格 / 形容词性物主代词 +self my → myself you（单数）→ yourself he → himself she → herself；it → itself 2. 复数形式：人称代词宾格 / 形容词性物主代词 +selves we → ourselves you（复数）→ yourselves they → themselves 课本核心提醒：后缀区分 self（单数） /selves（复数） (2) 两大核心用法 用法 1：作宾语（动作作用于主语自身） · 使用条件：句子主语和宾语指代同一个人/事物，动作返回主语本身。 · 句式结构：及物动词/介词+反身代词。 例句：John took much care to protect himself and others. 疫情期间约翰十分注意保护自己和他人。 用法 2：作同位语（加强语气，译为 “亲自、本人”） · 功能：对主语进行强调，去掉反身代词，句子语法依旧完整。 · 位置灵活：可紧跟主语之后，也可以放在句子末尾。 例句：I repaired the broken chair myself. 我亲自修理了这把破损的椅子。 (3) 拓展 1. 高频固定短语 by oneself 独自、独立（没有别人帮助） enjoy oneself 过得愉快 teach oneself 自学 protect/hurt/look after oneself 保护 / 伤到 / 照顾自己 believe in oneself 相信自己 2. 易错警示 ①人称一致性原则（最高频坑点）： 反身代词必须和句子主语人称、单复数完全匹配。主语是 he，只能用 himself，不能使用 yourself。 ②反身代词不能单独充当句子主语。 （错误） Myself finished the task. （正确）I finished the task myself. ③区分宾语与同位语： 作宾语时不能删掉；作同位语只表语气加强，可以删掉，句子依旧通顺。 2、 课本习题 (1) 课本习题C1 1. 问答 Q1 How do we form reflexive pronouns? 答：We addself to singular pronouns or possessive adjectives, and addselves to plural ones. Q2 When do we use reflexive pronouns? 答：We use them when subject and object refer to the same person or thing; we also use them to stress the subject. Q3 What’s the difference between self andselves? 答：self is for singular subjects, while selves is used for plural subjects. 2. 划出反身代词 划出单词：itself，ourselves，himself，themselves 1. The virus itself spread by coughing and sneezing. 2. …we can protect ourselves against cholera. 3. …Jenner did an experiment by himself. 4. …to protect themselves. (2) 课本习题C2 I you(one person) he she it we you(more than one) they myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves (3) 课本习题C3 方框：myself, yourself, herself, himself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, itself 1 George did the project about the smallpox by _____. 2 The little girl couldn’t dress _____ and go to school because of H1N1. 3 You can keep _____ healthy by wearing a mask. 4 The virus _____ might have changed to spread more easily. 5 After the pandemic, we went travelling and enjoyed _____ a lot. 6 How can old people look after _____ the breakout of this pandemic? 1. himself 句意：George 独立完成关于天花的课题。 解析：固定搭配by oneself表示独自完成；主语 George 为男性单数，因此选用 himself。 2. herself 句意：由于 H1N1，这个小女孩还不能自己穿衣服去上学。 解析：固定搭配 dress oneself “自己穿衣服”；主语 the little girl 是女性单数，使用 herself 作动词 dress 的宾语。 3. yourself 句意：佩戴口罩，你可以让自己保持健康。 解析：本句主语为单数 you；keep oneself healthy，反身代词作 keep 的宾语，填 yourself。 4. itself 句意：病毒本身或许已经变异，更容易传播。 解析：itself 作同位语，用来强调 the virus 事物本身，去掉 itself 句子依然成立。 5. ourselves 句意：疫情结束后我们外出旅行，玩得十分开心。 解析：enjoy oneself 固定搭配 “玩得开心”；主语 we 复数，故填 ourselves。 6. themselves 句意：疫情爆发之后老年人应当如何照顾自己？ 解析：look after oneself 照顾自己；主语 old people 是复数，填 themselves 作宾语。 (4) 课本习题C4 1 Susan made the cotton mask herself / himself / themselves. 2 Did you pay for the hand sanitizer ourselves / myself / yourself? 3 The company got herself / itself / myself into difficulties after the breakout. 4 We cleaned the classroom ourselves / themselves / yourselves to keep the virus from spreading. 5 The students learned how to protect themselves / ourselves / itself during the pandemic. 1. 圈herself 句意：Susan 亲手缝制棉布口罩。 解析：主语 Susan 女性单数；herself 作同位语，强调 “本人亲自”。 2. 圈yourself 句意：洗手液是你自己付的钱吗？ 解析：本句主语是单数 you，反身代词 yourself 作同位语加强语气。 3. 圈itself 句意：疫情爆发之后，这家公司使自身陷入困境。 解析：主语 the company 属于单数事物，用 itself 作 got 的宾语。 4. 圈ourselves 句意：我们亲自打扫教室，阻止病毒传播。 解析：主语 we 复数，ourselves 作同位语，强调是我们亲自完成。 5. 圈themselves 句意：学生学会了在疫情期间如何保护自己。 解析：protect oneself 保护自己；主语 the students 复数，填 themselves 作宾语。 (5) 课本习题C5 Dear Jim, How’s it going? Many schools are closed down because of the pandemic, so students can’t go to school. We do a lot of things to enjoy 1_____ while learning at home. Sarah learns cooking to take care of 2_____. She wants to help with the housework. Mark teaches 3_____ about computer programming. Dave and his friends often discuss online and complete the project about the pandemic by 4_____. I usually lose 5_____ in a good book. What about you? What do you do? And what will you do to enjoy 6_____ after the lockdown ends? Looking forward to hearing from you. Cheers Simon 【答案汇总】 1. ourselves 2. herself 3. himself 4. themselves 5. myself 6. yourself 【全文意思】 亲爱的 Jim： 最近怎么样？疫情之下很多学校停课，学生无法到校上课。 居家学习时我们做很多事情让自己过得充实。Sarah 学习烹饪来照顾自己，她希望分担家务。Mark 自学计算机编程。Dave 和朋友们经常线上讨论，独立完成这份关于疫情的课题。我常常沉浸在好书之中。 那你呢？封锁结束之后，你会做些什么让自己过得愉快？期待你的回信。 【同步语法练习】 ——基础层—— 1、 单项选择 1. When doing community volunteer work, we should learn to protect ____ from danger. A. ourselves B. yourself C. himself D. itself 2. The smart device ____ can record people’s body temperature without any help. A. yourself B. itself C. himself D. themselves 3. The girl taught ____ knowledge about publichealth in her free time. A. myself B. yourself C. herself D. himself 4. Don’t worry about the boy. He can wash and get dressed all by ____. A. himself B. him C. his D. he 5. If you take part in the summer camp, you must take good care of ____. A. yourselves B. themselves C. ourselves D. itself 6. Nobody offered help to Alice. She finished the science poster all ____. A. her B. herself C. she D. hers 2、 方框选词填空 myself，yourself，herself，himself，ourselves，themselves 1. The young scientist finished the research paper all by __________. 2. I refused others’ suggestions and solved the small problem __________. 3. While learning science knowledge, we should challenge __________. 4. The group of teenagers enjoyed __________ during the science popularization activity. 5. When you do field research outdoors, you need to protect __________ from strong sunlight. 6. As the group leader, Tom completed the survey about health __________. ——提升层—— 1、 句型改写（只改写反身代词，保持原意） 1. No one helped Lucy. She finished the science survey alone. 2. We should keep us safe when we join in social practice. 3. He learned medical knowledge without teachers’ guidance. 4. The new machine can test people’s health conditions. The machine can do the work on its own. 5. You two should look after you well during the volunteer project. 6. They had a wonderful time at the publichealth lecture. 2、 判断改错（T/F，划出错误并改正） 1. My sister hurt yourself when she operated the simple experiment tool. 2. We can protect ourselves when we take part in social activities. 3. The pet dog cleaned itself after running in the open air. 4. If you are a team of volunteers, you should believe in yourselves. 5. I finished the science report by me in the competition. ——拓展层—— 1、 对话填空 校园科普社团情境 myself，yourself，herself，himself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves A: Hi, Lisa! In our science club, we need to learn how to take good care of 1__________. B: That’s true. Did you finish the safety research survey 2__________? A: Yes. My deskmate Ann prepared all the interview materials by 3__________. And the boys in our group enjoyed 4__________ when they interviewed students around our community. B: What about Jack? Did he complete his task 5__________? A: Sure. He taught 6__________ basic safety knowledge in spare time. By the way, you and your partners must protect 7__________ while doing outdoor research. B: Thanks for your useful advice. 2、 语法选择 Nowadays, more teenagers join science clubs to study publichealth knowledge. If we want to do well in social practice tasks, we must learn to protect 1__________ first. Almost nobody can finish difficult teamwork tasks all by 2__________, so communication among group members plays an important role. Mia takes part in a healthpopularity project in our city. She often prepares safety leaflets 3__________ in her free time. Her elder brother is also a club member. He teaches 4__________ firstaid skills during weekends. The smart robot 5__________ can show visitors correct handwashing steps. When group members work together, they should believe in 6__________. Sometimes students may hurt 7__________ while doing small experiments, so teachers always give clear safety rules. If you become one member of such clubs, you should challenge 8__________ and keep exploring new knowledge. 1. A. ourselves B. yourselves C. himself D. itself 2. A. him B. himself C. he D. his 3. A. herself B. himself C. itself D. yourself 4. A. him B. himself C. his D. he 5. A. itself B. himself C. herself D. yourself 6. A. yourselves B. themselves C. ourselves D. himself 7. A. themselves B. yourselves C. itself D. ourselves 8. A. yourself B. yourselves C. himself D. herself 3、 书面表达 写作题目：What I have learned from scienceclub activities 写作要求： 1. 词数：80-100 词； 2. 语法要求：至少使用 3 处反身代词； 3. 主题：校园科普社团收获 参考答案和解析 ——基础层—— 一、 单项选择 1. 【答案】A 【句意】参与社区志愿工作的时候，我们应当学会保护自己远离危险。 【解析】句子主语是 we，为第一人称复数；protect oneself 为固定搭配，反身代词需要和主语保持人称、数一致，因此选择 ourselves。 2. 【答案】B 【句意】这台智能设备本身就可以无需协助记录人体体温。 【解析】反身代词在本句作同位语，用来强调主语 the smart device；主语是单数事物，所以选用 itself。 3. 【答案】C 【句意】这个女孩在课余时间自学公共卫生相关知识。 【解析】teach oneself自学，是本课核心固定短语；主语 the girl 是女性单数，反身代词选用 herself。 4. 【答案】A 【句意】不用担心这个男孩，他可以独立洗漱穿好衣服。 【解析】by oneself表示独自、不靠他人帮助；介词 by 后面必须接反身代词，主语 the boy 男性单数，by oneself 搭配 by himself。 5. 【答案】A 【句意】如果你们参加夏令营，你们一定要照顾好自己。 【解析】take care of oneself 照顾自己；本句主语 you 指代多个人，为复数，因此反身代词用 yourselves。 6. 【答案】B 【句意】没有人给 Alice 提供帮助，这份科学海报全部由她独立完成。 【解析】反身代词 herself 放句末，作同位语加强语气，表示 “靠她本人”；主语 Alice 是女性单数。 二、 方框选词填空 1. herself 【句意】这位年轻女科学家独立完成这篇研究论文。 【解析】by oneself独自；主语 the young scientist 是女性单数，选用 herself。 2. myself 【句意】我拒绝了别人的建议，独立解决这个小问题。 【解析】主语 I，by oneself 搭配 by myself，反身代词作介词宾语。 3. ourselves 【句意】学习科学知识的过程中，我们应当挑战自我。 【解析】challenge oneself 挑战自我；主语 we 复数，ourselves 作动词 challenge 的宾语。 4. themselves 【句意】这群青少年在科普活动中玩得十分尽兴。 【解析】enjoy oneself 过得愉快；主语 teenagers 复数，填 themselves。 5. yourself 【句意】当你在户外做实地调研，要保护自己避免强光晒伤。 【解析】主语单数 you；protect oneself，填 yourself 作宾语。 6. himself 【句意】作为小组组长，Tom 独立完成这份健康主题的调查报告。 【解析】主语 Tom 男性单数；himself 作句末同位语，强调亲自完成。 ——提升层—— 一、 句型改写（只改写反身代词，保持原意） 1. 【答案】Lucy finished the science survey by herself. 【句意】没有人帮助 Lucy，她独立完成这份科学调研。 【解析】副词 alone 和短语 by oneself 含义等价；主语 Lucy 是女性单数，by herself 表示独自，替换原句 alone。 2. 【答案】We should keep ourselves safe when we join in social practice. 【句意】参与社会实践的时候，我们应当保障自身安全。 【解析】本句主语和宾语均指代 we，按照语法规则，宾语必须改用反身代词 ourselves。 3. 【答案】He taught himself medical knowledge. 【句意】没有老师指导，他自学医学相关知识。 【解析】learn sth without teachers = teach oneself sth 自学；主语 he，反身代词 himself 作间接宾语。 4. 【答案】The machine itself can test people’s health conditions. 【句意】这台机器本身就可以检测人们的健康状况。 【解析】itself 作为同位语放在主语后面，起到加强语气的效果，合并两句，保留核心语义。 5. 【答案】You two should look after yourselves well during the volunteer project. 【句意】你们两位在志愿项目期间要好好照顾自己。 【解析】主语 you two 为复数；look after 后面宾语与主语是同一批人，使用反身代词 yourselves。 6. 【答案】They enjoyed themselves at the public health lecture. 【句意】他们在公共卫生讲座上度过愉快时光。 【解析】have a wonderful time = enjoy oneself；主语 they 复数，反身代词 themselves 作动词 enjoy 的宾语。 二、 判断改错（T/F，划出错误并改正） 1. F；yourself → herself 【句意】我姐姐操作简易实验器材的时候伤到了自己。 【解析】主语 my sister 是女性单数，反身代词要和主语人称严格对应；yourself 用于第二人称，需要改为 herself。 2. T 【句意】参加社会活动时，我们可以保护好我们自己。 【解析】主语 we，反身代词 ourselves 作 protect 宾语，语法完全正确。 3. T 【句意】这只宠物狗在户外奔跑过后把自己清理干净。 【解析】主语 the dog 单数事物，itself 作 cleaned 的宾语，用法无误。 4. T 【句意】如果你们是一队志愿者，你们要相信你们自己。 【解析】主语 you 表示复数 “你们”，believe in oneself 搭配 yourselves，语法正确。 5. F；me → myself 【句意】我在比赛中独立完成这份科学报告。 【解析】固定搭配 by oneself，介词 by 后面只能接反身代词；主语 I，应当使用 myself，宾格 me 不能用于此结构。 ——拓展层—— 一、 对话填空 【答案汇总】 1. ourselves 2. yourself 3. herself 4. themselves 5. himself 6. himself 7. yourselves 【逐空解析】 1. ourselves；对话中 we 作主语，take care of oneself，反身代词作宾语。 2. yourself；对话对象 you 为单数，by yourself 表示独立完成。 3. herself；主语 Ann 女性，by oneself 搭配 by herself。 4. themselves；主语 boys 复数，enjoy oneself 固定短语。 5. himself；主语 Jack 男性单数，by himself 独自。 6. himself；teach oneself 自学，主语 he，himself 作间接宾语。 7. yourselves；主语 you and your partners 是复数，protect oneself 用 yourselves。 二、 语法选择 1. 【答案】A. ourselves 【句意】如果我们想要出色完成社会实践任务，首先必须学会保护我们自己。 【解析】句子主语为 we，反身代词需要和主语人称、数保持一致；protect oneself 保护自己，因此选用 ourselves 作 protect 的宾语。 2. 【答案】B. himself 【句意】几乎没有人能够独自完成难度较大的团队任务，所以组员之间的沟通十分重要。 【解析】主语 nobody（没有人）视为单数，指代任意一个人；固定搭配 by oneself 独自，因此用 himself。 3. 【答案】A. herself 【句意】她经常在空闲时间亲自准备安全宣传手册。 【解析】主语是 Mia（女性单数），herself 作同位语，加强语气，表示 “亲自”，匹配女性单数主语。 4. 【答案】B. himself 【句意】周末他自学急救技能。 【解析】固定搭配 teach oneself 自学；主语 he（男性单数），反身代词 himself 作间接宾语。 5. 【答案】A. itself 【句意】这台智能机器人本身就可以向参观者演示正确的洗手步骤。 【解析】主语 the smart robot 是单数事物；itself 作同位语，用来强调机器人本身。 6. 【答案】B. themselves 【句意】当组员协同工作时，他们应当相信自己。 【解析】主语 they（group members）为复数；believe in oneself 相信自己，选用 themselves。 7. 【答案】A. themselves 【句意】学生们做小型实验时有时可能会伤到自己，所以老师总会给出清晰的安全规范。 【解析】主语 students 是复数；hurt oneself 伤到自己，匹配复数主语使用 themselves。 8. 【答案】A. yourself 【句意】如果你成为这类社团的一员，就应当挑战自我，不断探索新知识。 【解析】条件状语从句主语为单数 you；challenge oneself 挑战自我，选用 yourself。 三、 书面表达 参考范文 What I have learned from science club activities I take part in our school science club activities every term. I often teach myself useful safety knowledge in my spare time. I also learn how to protect myself when I face unexpected danger. When we work on and finish group projects, we should believe in ourselves. We cannot finish difficult hard work all by ourselves, so teamwork is really necessary. These activities tell us we should not only take care of ourselves but also offer warm help to people around us. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $