2027届安徽新高考英语--阅读理解C篇专项练习 深度讲解 讲义

该高中英语讲义聚焦新高考I卷阅读理解C篇，覆盖细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨目的、态度推断等核心考点，按“考情分析-题型突破-结构速判-干扰项总结”逻辑架构知识点，通过备考导航梳理考点、方法指导提炼技巧、12篇专项训练强化实战，帮助学生系统构建说明文与议论文的解题框架。 资料创新采用“题材分类+技巧嵌入”模式，如科技类语篇训练推理题“原文合理推进一步”策略，环境类语篇强化主旨题“首尾段+高频词”定位法，结合“课堂三步法”（限时完成-自批-精读重难点）提升复习效率，培养学生思维品质与语言能力，为教师精准把控复习节奏、学生高效突破阅读难点提供有力支撑。

新高考 I 卷 · 阅读理解 C 篇专项 说明文 / 议论文阅读突破 Reading Comprehension Passage C — Expository & Argumentative (Compact Teacher's Edition) ———————————————————————————————— 适用：高三一轮 / 二轮复习　·　建议限时：每篇 8–10 分钟　 第一部分　C 篇备考导航（重难点聚焦） ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、C 篇考情与重难点地图 题型 题量 难度 定位 破解要点 细节理解 约 1 题 ★ 基础分 回原文定位；警惕张冠李戴、偷换概念 词义 / 句意猜测 约 1 题 ★★ 中档 看定义 / 同反义 / 举例 / 构词，学术词忌望文生义 推理判断 约 1 题 ★★★ 重难点 选‘推进一步’项；态度 / 因果 / 隐含结论为重点 主旨 / 写作目的 约 1 题 ★★★ 重难点 看首尾段 + 高频词；purpose 区分 告知 / 劝说 / 警示 / 批评 态度 / 语气推断 融入上两类 ★★★ 重难点 找评价性形容词与情态动词，态度须有原文支撑 二、重难点题型突破（C 篇真正拉开差距的三类） 【推理判断】识别：infer / imply / suggest / conclude / attitude。必杀：选项须是‘原文合理推进一步’；凡‘原文原句照抄’多为干扰。态度题找评价性形容词与情态动词。 【主旨 / 写作目的】识别：main idea / best title / purpose。必杀：主旨看首尾段 + 高频词，选覆盖全篇的概括项；写作目的区分 inform 介绍 / persuade 劝说 / warn 警示 / criticize 批评，看尾段态度词。 【态度 / 语气】识别：author's tone / attitude。必杀：positive / negative / objective / skeptical 须有原文形容词或情态动词支撑，忌凭常识臆断。 三、说明文 / 议论文结构速判（六步，形成肌肉记忆） 第 1 步　读首段定主题：首段点明说明对象或论点，先抓中心词。 第 2 步　扫段落首尾句：说明文每段首句是‘骨架’，议论文看段首论点 + 段尾小结。 第 3 步　标逻辑信号词：however / therefore / for example / in contrast 是解题路标。 第 4 步　理清展开方式：是‘现象—原因—影响—对策’，还是‘观点—论据—反驳’？ 第 5 步　题文同步定位：题干关键词回原文‘夹击’定位，勿凭印象作答。 第 6 步　定主旨看全局：排除仅讲某段细节的选项，选‘覆盖全篇’的概括项。 四、高频干扰项套路（务必识破） 套路 表现 对策 以偏概全 用某段细节冒充全文主旨 回首尾段验证是否覆盖全篇 偷换概念 把 A 的特征安到 B 头上 对比选项主语与原文是否一致 绝对化 含 never / all / must 等绝对词 原文多为‘通常 / 可能’，绝对项多错 无中生有 原文未提却看似合理 凡原文无依据的项一律排除 答非所问 说法正确但答非所问 先看题干问什么，再核对选项指向 第二部分　12 篇专项训练（讲练结合 · 重难点精解） ———————————————————————————————————————— 专项 1 · 科技·算法推荐 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 Every time you open a video app or a news feed, an invisible system is already deciding what you will see next. These recommendation algorithms, built on what users have watched, liked, or shared before, learn your preferences and feed you more of the same. At first this feels convenient: the platform seems to know you better than your friends do. Yet media researchers warn that the same convenience quietly narrows what you meet. When the system shows only content similar to your past choices, it builds what scholars call a "filter bubble" — a personal information space where opposing views rarely appear. Inside such a bubble, people gradually mistake their narrow feed for the whole world. Several studies have found that users trapped in filter bubbles become less tolerant of different opinions and more sure their own view is simply "common sense." A 2016 experiment found that voters shown only one-sided news became more confident and more polarized, not better informed. Some platforms now add "why am I seeing this" buttons, yet whether such fixes work remains debated, because the business model still rewards keeping eyes on screen. The deeper question is therefore not merely technical but moral: who should decide what a person learns about the world? Until users demand more control, the bubble keeps adjusting to them — and they, in turn, to it. The platforms' defense is that personalization keeps users engaged, and engagement sells advertising; yet engagement is not understanding, and a feed optimized for clicks may train users to expect agreement rather than argument. None of this means algorithms are evil; they do what they are paid to do. The remedy is not to quit the platform but to use it knowingly — following a wider range of sources, muting feeds that only echo one view, and treating any single feed as a sample, not the world. A reader who diversifies what she lets in keeps her own judgment instead of renting it to a machine. 【题目】 1. What is the main function of recommendation algorithms described in the passage? A. To tell users the truth about the world B. To learn users' preferences and show similar content C. To remove all opposing views by force D. To help users make friends 2. What does the underlined phrase 'filter bubble' most probably mean? A. A kind of soap for washing B. A personal space where opposing views rarely appear C. A popular video game D. A physical bubble in water 3. What can we infer about the effect of filter bubbles on users? A. They make users more open-minded B. They reduce tolerance for different opinions C. They improve users' reading skills D. They help users find the truth 4. What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage? A. To advertise a video app B. To warn readers about the hidden cost of algorithmic filtering C. To teach coding D. To praise social media 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　原文‘算法基于用户过往行为学习偏好，并推送更多同类内容’，B 正确。A 告知真相(与‘筛选’相反)、C 强制删除(文中无)、D 交友均错。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：B　破折号后直接解释‘异见罕至的个人信息空间’，B 正确。A 肥皂、C 游戏、D 水中泡均望文生义。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：users trapped in filter bubbles become less tolerant of different opinions · 解析：研究指出‘困在茧房中的用户对他见更不宽容’，可推其削弱包容。A 更开明、C 提升阅读、D 找真相均反。 · 技巧：infer 题看研究结果句 less tolerant；‘更不宽容’即合理推论，非过度臆断。 ▍第 4 题（重难点）（写作目的） · 答案：B · 定位：The deeper question is therefore not merely technical but moral ... who should decide · 解析：尾段点明‘问题不止技术更是道德’，意在警示算法筛选的隐性代价，B 正确。A 广告、C 教编程、D 赞媒体均错。 · 技巧：写作目的题看尾段态度：warn / moral question 指向‘警示隐性代价’，非介绍或赞扬。 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项 2 · 环境·微塑料 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 Plastic was once celebrated as a wonder material: light, cheap, and nearly unbreakable. Today, however, its durability has become a problem. Because most plastic is not recycled, it gathers in landfills and oceans, where sunlight and waves slowly break it into fragments smaller than five millimetres — particles now called microplastics. These tiny pieces are everywhere: in the deepest ocean trenches, on remote mountain snow, and, according to recent tests, in the human body. Scientists have detected microplastics in drinking water, table salt, and even in the placentas of unborn babies. Part of the difficulty is that microplastics are invisible to the naked eye, so the problem feels abstract until measured in tissue samples. How harmful they are remains uncertain, yet the mere presence of industrial material inside living tissue is alarming. Researchers suspect that, once ingested, microplastics may carry toxic chemicals into the food chain. Worse, they never truly disappear; they only split into smaller pieces. Recycling alone cannot solve it, because many plastics are technically recyclable but economically unprofitable to process. Some countries have banned certain single-use plastics, but global plastic production keeps rising. Experts argue that the real solution lies not in cleaning the ocean after the fact, but in producing far less plastic in the first place. Estimates suggest an average person may now ingest a credit card's weight of plastic each week, though the long-term effect is still being mapped. Until societies treat plastic as a resource to reuse rather than a disposable convenience, the particles will keep entering the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the bodies we inhabit. Part of the problem is invisible by design: most plastic packaging is used once and thrown away within minutes, yet persists for centuries. A few cities now require producers to fund the collection they create, shifting cost back to the source. Such laws attack the problem where it begins rather than at the shoreline. 【题目】 1. How are microplastics formed according to the passage? A. They are made in factories directly B. Sunlight and waves break larger plastic into tiny fragments C. They grow from plants D. They fall from the sky as rain 2. What does the underlined word 'durability' most probably mean? A. The quality of lasting long B. A sweet taste C. The ability to dissolve quickly D. A type of colour 3. What can we infer about the current state of microplastic research? A. Scientists fully understand the harm B. The exact harm is still uncertain but presence is alarming C. Microplastics have disappeared D. They only exist in oceans 4. What is the author's suggested solution to the microplastic problem? A. Clean the ocean more often B. Produce far less plastic in the first place C. Ban all plastic immediately D. Drink only bottled water 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　原文‘阳光与海浪把塑料Slowly打碎成小于5毫米的碎片’，B 正确。A 工厂直造、C 植物长成、D 随雨落下均错。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：A　上文说塑料‘轻、便宜、几乎打不破’，durability 指‘耐用性、持久性’。C 速溶、B 味甜、D 颜色均不符。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：How harmful they are remains uncertain, yet the mere presence ... is alarming · 解析：原文‘危害几何仍不确定，但存在于活体组织已令人警惕’，B 正确。A 完全弄清、C 已消失、D 只在海洋均反。 · 技巧：infer 题抓 remains uncertain ... yet ... alarming 的‘未明却警醒’转折，不夸大结论。 ▍第 4 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　专家主张‘真正的解决之道在于从源头大幅减少塑料生产’，B 正确。A 事后清理(文中否定)、C 立即全面禁止(未提)、D 只喝瓶装水均错。 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项 3 · 健康·睡眠与记忆 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 Most students believe that pulling an all-nighter before an exam is a clever strategy. Neuroscience suggests the opposite. During sleep, especially the deep slow-wave stage, the brain does not simply rest; it actively replays the day's experiences, strengthening the neural connections that form memories. This process, called consolidation, is why a fact studied late at night is better remembered after a full night's sleep than after equal waking hours. In one experiment, two groups learned a sequence of finger movements. One slept; the other stayed awake. The next morning, the sleeping group performed markedly better, while the sleep-deprived group showed almost no improvement. Crucially, the benefit appeared only after sleep, not merely after the passage of time, proving rest alone is not enough — the brain must enter its offline mode. REM sleep, filled with vivid dreams, seems especially important for emotional and creative memory. A tired brain encodes information poorly and forgets what it seemed to know; even cramming that raises a next-morning quiz usually fails the test the following week. Teenagers, who need roughly nine hours, are among the most sleep-deprived, partly because screens delay bedtime. Schools that have delayed start times report better mood and higher scores, hinting that sleep is not lost study time but a form of studying itself. Naps, too, help — a short afternoon rest can restore the ability to absorb new material. The most productive study habit may be the one that ends with sleep. Nor is the lesson only for students. Surgeons, pilots, and night-shift workers all depend on well-rested judgment, and hospitals that cap long shifts report fewer errors. The broader point is that memory is not a vault we fill but a process we repeat — and repetition across sleep is what turns fragile daytime traces into knowledge that actually lasts. A well-rested mind is not a luxury but a basic condition for real learning. 【题目】 1. What does the brain do during deep slow-wave sleep according to the passage? A. It stops working completely B. It replays experiences and strengthens memory connections C. It only dreams randomly D. It deletes all memories 2. What does the underlined word 'consolidation' most probably mean? A. The act of making memories firmer B. A type of food C. Forgetting quickly D. Physical exercise 3. What can we infer from the finger-movement experiment? A. Time awake is equal to time asleep for memory B. Sleep itself, not just time passing, improves memory C. Finger skills need no practice D. Dreams are useless 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. All-nighters are effective B. Sleep is essential for memory and is itself a form of learning C. Teenagers need no sleep D. Exams should be at night 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　原文‘大脑主动重播当日经历，强化形成记忆的神经元联结’，B 正确。A 完全停工、C 只随机梦、D 删除记忆均错。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：A　后文解释‘为何睡后记得更好’，可知 consolidation 指‘记忆的巩固、变牢’。B 食物、C 速忘、D 运动均错。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：the benefit appeared only after sleep, not merely after the passage of time · 解析：实验表明‘增益只出现在睡眠后而非仅仅时间流逝后’，可推睡眠本身(非单纯休息)助记忆。A 等价、C 无需练、D 梦无用均反。 · 技巧：infer 题抓 only after sleep, not merely after time 的对比；‘睡眠加工’是关键推论。 ▍第 4 题（重难点）（主旨大意） · 答案：B · 定位：sleep is not lost study time but a form of studying itself · 解析：尾句点明‘睡眠不是被占用的学习时间，而是学习本身的一种形式’，B 正确。A 熬夜有效(首段否定)、C 青少年不需睡、D 夜考均错。 · 技巧：主旨题抓结尾 not ... but ... 结构；but 后‘a form of studying’即核心：睡眠即学习。 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项 4 · 心理·独处与创造力 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 Modern life is noisy. Between group chats, open-plan offices, and a phone that buzzes with every notification, the chance to be alone with one's own thoughts has become rare. Yet psychologists argue that solitude is not loneliness; it is a necessary condition for self-knowledge and creativity. When we are never alone, we outsource our thinking to the crowd, adopting others' opinions without examining them. By contrast, deliberate solitude lets the mind wander and connect ideas that busy distraction keeps apart. Many breakthrough ideas came during walks, baths, or long train rides — moments when the thinker was physically alone. Children raised with constant scheduled activities may reach adulthood unpractised at being alone. This is not to say isolation is always good; too much can slide into withdrawal. The healthy version is chosen solitude: time we protect on purpose, free from devices, in which reflection can occur. A growing body of research suggests that students given unstructured quiet time solve problems more originally than those constantly stimulated. The challenge is cultural: we must relearn that being alone is not the same as being lonely, and that the quiet we fear may be the very thing our thinking needs most. Historically, solitude was a privilege of thinkers and monks; today it is a skill we must defend against a culture that equates busyness with worth. The point is not to withdraw from others but to return with a clearer self. Research also links quiet reflection to steadier emotion: people who regularly step back from noise cope better with stress and make more reasoned choices. Schools that built in daily silence saw not only more original work but fewer behavioural incidents. Solitude, in this light, is not escape but training for a mind that can sit with a hard problem instead of fleeing it. 【题目】 1. What does the author distinguish between solitude and loneliness? A. They are exactly the same B. Solitude is chosen alone-time useful for thinking; loneliness is unwanted C. Both are always harmful D. Loneliness helps creativity 2. What does the underlined word 'outsource' most probably mean here? A. To do all thinking by oneself B. To hand over one's thinking to others C. To delete messages D. To write a book 3. What can we infer about 'chosen solitude'? A. It is the same as total isolation B. It is protected quiet time that aids reflection, unlike harmful isolation C. It should be avoided D. It requires a crowd 4. What is the author's main purpose? A. To persuade readers to value deliberate solitude B. To promote open-plan offices C. To ban phones D. To praise constant noise 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A ▍第 1 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：solitude is not loneliness; it is a necessary condition for self-knowledge and creativity · 解析：作者区分‘独处(主动、助思考创造)’与‘孤独(被动、负面)’，B 正确。A 等同、C 皆有害、D 孤独助创造均错。 · 技巧：概念区分题抓 not loneliness / necessary condition；注意‘主动选择’vs‘被动承受’的差别。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：B　后文‘采纳他人意见’说明 outsource 指‘把思考外包/交给别人’。A 自己思考、C 删信、D 写书均反。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：The healthy version is chosen solitude: time we protect on purpose ... reflection can occur · 解析：文中‘健康版是主动选择的独处，刻意守护、远离设备以反思’，B 正确。A 等同孤立(文中区分)、C 应避免、D 需人群均错。 · 技巧：infer 题看 healthy version / protect on purpose；‘主动+反思’是区别于病态孤立的关键。 ▍第 4 题（重难点）（写作目的） · 答案：A · 定位：we must relearn that being alone is not the same as being lonely ... our thinking needs most · 解析：尾段‘必须重新认识到独处非孤独，安静恰是思维所需’，意在劝说读者重视独处，A 正确。B 推办公室、C 禁手机、D 赞噪音均反。 · 技巧：写作目的题看尾段 must relearn / needs most；‘劝说重视’而非‘介绍/批评’。 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项 5 · 社会·远程办公 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 When offices closed overnight in 2020, millions learned to work from kitchen tables. Three years later, the debate is no longer whether remote work is possible, but whether it is preferable. Supporters point to measurable gains: no commute saves hours each week, and many report deeper focus without constant interruptions. Companies, too, have cut office rent and expanded hiring far beyond any single city. Yet the losses are real. Junior staff, who learn by overhearing seniors, miss the casual mentorship that hallways provide. Creativity that sparks from unplanned chats suffers when every meeting is scheduled. Some firms that returned fully to the office reported higher collaboration but also higher attrition, as employees who had tasted autonomy left for rivals. Research on productivity has produced a split verdict: some tasks improve, others decline, and the net effect depends heavily on the type of job. Perhaps most important, the boundary between work and home blurs, and the laptop that promised freedom begins to demand attention at dinner. Measurement is tricky because productivity is hard to define for creative work. The emerging compromise is the hybrid model — a few days remote, a few in the office — which tries to keep the focus of home and the spontaneity of the workplace. Whether employees embrace it may hinge less on policy than on trust: people stay when managed by outcomes, not by surveillance. The firms that thrive will likely be those that let teams choose, rather than impose one rule that fits no one. The lesson for workers is practical: autonomy and structure both matter, and the best arrangement is one a team chooses together rather than one imposed from above. What the debate reveals is less a single right answer than a shift in power — the commute is no longer a given, and workers now bargain over where their hours are spent. As the line between office and home keeps blurring, the real question is who decides. 【题目】 1. What is one benefit of remote work mentioned in the passage? A. It increases commuting time B. It saves commute time and improves focus C. It raises office rent D. It reduces the hiring pool 2. What does the underlined word 'verdict' most probably mean? A. A final conclusion or judgment B. A type of vehicle C. A cooking recipe D. A weather report 3. What can we infer about junior staff under full remote work? A. They learn faster alone B. They lose informal mentorship from seniors C. They prefer no meetings D. They get more promotions 4. What is the author's attitude toward the hybrid model? A. Strongly opposed B. Presenting it as a reasonable compromise C. Completely certain it fails D. Unmentioned 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　原文‘无通勤省时，且无人打扰更专注’，B 正确。A 增通勤(反)、C 涨租金(公司降本)、D 缩招聘池(反而扩大)均错。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：A　后文‘净效应取决于工作类型’说明 verdict 指‘结论、判定’。B 车、C 食谱、D 天气均错。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：Junior staff ... miss the casual mentorship that hallways provide · 解析：原文‘初级员工错失走廊闲聊式的非正式指导’，可推其缺乏前辈言传身教，B 正确。A 学得更快、C 爱无会、D 更多晋升均反。 · 技巧：infer 题抓 miss / casual mentorship；‘失非正式指导’是远程对新人的隐性损失。 ▍第 4 题（重难点）（态度推断） · 答案：B · 定位：The emerging compromise is the hybrid model ... tries to keep the focus of home · 解析：作者称其为‘新兴折中方案’，试图兼顾居家专注与办公自发，态度是‘作为合理折中呈现’，B 正确。A 反对、C 必败、D 未提均错。 · 技巧：态度题看 compromise / tries to keep 的中性偏肯定措辞；非极端反对或绝对乐观。 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项 6 · 生物·植物沟通 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 For centuries, plants were treated as silent, passive things. Modern biology tells a stranger story. When a tomato plant is attacked by caterpillars, it releases volatile chemicals into the air that warn neighbouring plants to switch on their own defences. Those neighbours, having "heard" the alarm, begin producing bitter compounds that make their leaves less tasty to insects. Underground, the exchange is even more cooperative: tree roots link through fungal networks often called the "wood wide web", passing sugar to shaded seedlings and perhaps warning of drought. Practical uses are emerging: breeders select crops that signal stress earlier, letting farmers act before yields fall. None of this means plants have minds. What it shows is that communication in nature is not limited to creatures with brains and voices. Scientists stress that calling these signals "language" is metaphor, not literal truth; a plant does not "talk" the way a person does. Wonder, it turns out, can be a tool of conservation. Still, the discovery reshapes how we see forests — not as competing individuals, but as loosely connected communities that trade resources and alerts. The "wood wide web" transfers are measured in tiny amounts, and some scientists dispute how often plants share resources in the wild versus in labs. What is undisputed is that plants sense and respond far more than botany once allowed; understanding plant signalling could help farmers reduce pesticide use by strengthening crops' natural defences. For teachers, the takeaway is that wonder can be a tool of conservation: the poetic image of a 'talking forest' has done real good by making the public care about ecosystems once dismissed as scenery. Used with care, such metaphors open curiosity without overstating the science. A student who marvels at a plant's quiet alarms is more likely to protect the living systems that sustain us. 【题目】 1. How do tomato plants warn their neighbours according to the passage? A. By shouting loudly B. By releasing volatile chemicals into the air C. By moving to them D. By sending text messages 2. What does the underlined phrase 'wood wide web' refer to? A. The internet for wood B. Fungal networks linking tree roots underground C. A type of spider web D. A weather system 3. What is the author's view on calling plant signals 'language'? A. It is literally true B. It is a metaphor, not literal truth C. Plants really talk like humans D. It is completely wrong to say 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Plants are completely silent B. Plants communicate through chemicals and networks, reshaping our view of forests C. Farmers should use more pesticide D. Trees compete ruthlessly 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　原文‘受啃食的番茄释放挥发性化学物质警告邻株’，B 正确。A 大喊、C 移动过去、D 发短信均错。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：B　破折号/同位说明‘wood wide web’指地下连接树根的真菌网络，B 正确。A 木头网络、C 蛛网、D 天气均错。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：calling these signals 'language' is metaphor, not literal truth · 解析：原文明确‘称其为语言是比喻，非字面真相’，B 正确。A 字面真、C 如人说话、D 完全错误均错。 · 技巧：观点推断题抓 metaphor, not literal truth；作者持‘谨慎比喻’立场，既非全盘否定也非当真。 ▍第 4 题（重难点）（主旨大意） · 答案：B · 定位：communication in nature is not limited to creatures with brains ... see forests as connected communities · 解析：全文讲植物借化学与真菌网络沟通，重塑‘森林是联结社群’的认知，B 正确。A 全静(首段否定)、C 多用农药(文中主张减)、D 残酷竞争均错。 · 技巧：主旨题抓 communication not limited / connected communities；‘植物沟通重塑森林观’是中心。 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项 7 · 教育·间隔重复 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 Cramming the night before a test feels productive because everything is fresh — right up until the facts evaporate. Cognitive science offers a more durable approach called spaced repetition. Instead of reviewing once for a long block, learners revisit material across increasing intervals: ten minutes later, a day later, a week later. Each retrieval slightly weakens the old trace and builds a stronger, more flexible one, a process researchers call "desirable difficulty". The effort of recalling is the training, not a sign of failure. A related principle is interleaving: mixing different topics rather than drilling one until perfect. Musicians revisit difficult passages on a schedule, and athletes rehearse skills across days rather than in one block. Students who interleave often feel slower at first, yet they outperform blocked practitioners on later tests that demand choosing the right method. Classroom studies confirm that spacing and interleaving raise long-term retention more than massed practice, even when total study time is equal. Teachers who adopt these findings start small: a ten-minute review at week's end, then again after two weeks, beats a single pre-exam marathon. The obstacle is psychological: spaced learning feels less fluent, so students wrongly judge it ineffective and revert to cramming. To remember what matters, distribute practice in time, mix your problems, and trust the struggle. Technology helps — flashcard apps schedule reviews — but the principle predates any app. The uncomfortable truth is that feeling fluent is a poor guide to being prepared; learning that lasts is almost always learning that feels a little harder. The method also transfers well beyond school. Language learners who space their review remember words longer than those who drill them in one sitting; medical trainees who space cases spot patterns better. Generations of apprentices learned by returning to a task, not by cramming it — the apps only made an old rule easier to follow. Learning that lasts is almost always learning that feels a little harder in the moment. 【题目】 1. What is 'spaced repetition' according to the passage? A. Reviewing once for a long time B. Revisiting material across increasing intervals C. Sleeping before study D. Skipping reviews 2. What does the underlined phrase 'desirable difficulty' mean? A. An easy task that teaches nothing B. Useful struggle that strengthens memory C. A mistake to avoid D. A type of exam 3. What can we infer about why students avoid spaced learning? A. It is actually useless B. It feels less fluent so they judge it ineffective C. Teachers forbid it D. It takes more total time 4. What is the author's main recommendation? A. Cram the night before B. Distribute practice in time and mix problems, accepting struggle C. Study only one topic per session D. Avoid flashcards 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　原文‘学习者在递增的间隔中重温：十分钟后、一天后、一周后’，B 正确。A 一次长时(是 cramming)、C 学前睡、D 跳过均错。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：B　前文‘每次提取都建立更强更灵活的记忆’，可知 desirable difficulty 指‘有益的学习困难/挣扎’，B 正确。A 无教、C 应避免、D 考试均错。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：spaced learning feels less fluent, so students wrongly judge it ineffective · 解析：原文‘间隔学习感觉不流畅，学生便误判其无效而回潮死记’，B 正确。A 真无用、C 老师禁、D 总时更长(文中说相等)均错。 · 技巧：infer 题抓 feels less fluent / wrongly judge；‘主观流畅错觉’是回避主因。 ▍第 4 题（重难点）（主旨大意） · 答案：B · 定位：To remember what matters, distribute practice in time, mix your problems, and trust the struggle · 解析：尾句建议‘分时练习、混合题型、相信挣扎’，B 正确。A 熬夜 cram(否定)、C 只学一主题(与 interleave 反)、D 弃卡片均错。 · 技巧：主旨/建议题抓结尾祈使句 distribute / mix / trust；‘间隔+混合+接纳困难’是作者主张。 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项 8 · 科技·人脸识别与隐私 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 Facial recognition now opens phones, boards trains, and watches streets. Its accuracy has improved strikingly: the best systems rarely mistake one face for another. Yet the very power that makes it useful raises a harder question — who may look, and who must be looked at? Unlike a password, a face cannot be changed or left at home, and being scanned often happens without consent or notice. Critics warn that mass surveillance erodes the quiet freedom to walk, protest, or simply be unnoticed. Defenders reply that the same tools help police find missing children and clear crowded stadiums of dangers. The honest answer is that the technology is neutral; what matters is the law wrapped around it. In places with clear rules — limited databases, judicial approval, short retention — recognition has prevented crimes without sliding into a police state. Where such rules are absent, the same cameras have tagged minorities at higher rates. A free society, most scholars argue, must keep some spaces deliberately unobserved, so dissent and ordinary life remain possible. The path forward is not to ban the lens but to bind it: require consent for commercial use, narrow government access to emergencies, and let courts decide guilt. Public opinion sits uneasily between convenience and fear: people welcome unlocking a phone with a glance yet resent being tracked across a city. Several cities have paused government use pending clearer law, for the risk of inaction is a quiet normalization where constant scanning becomes background noise nobody questions. The balance is delicate. Technology will keep offering sharper eyes, and the question is not whether to use them but under what limits. A free society, most scholars argue, must keep some spaces deliberately unobserved, so dissent and ordinary life remain possible without a permanent record. Convenience bought with constant watching is convenience that may not last. 【题目】 1. What is one advantage of facial recognition mentioned? A. It can be changed like a password B. Its accuracy rarely mistakes one face for another C. It needs consent to scan D. It works only with notice 2. What does the underlined word 'erodes' most probably mean? A. Strengthens B. Gradually destroys or wears away C. Paints D. Measures 3. What is the author's view on banning facial recognition? A. Ban it completely B. Do not ban it but bind it with law C. Use it without limits D. Only police may use it 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Facial recognition is purely evil B. The technology is neutral; law must limit its use to protect freedom C. Everyone should be scanned always D. Cameras are useless 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　原文‘最好的系统极少把一张脸误认成另一张’，B 正确。A 可如密码更改(文中说不能)、C 需同意(文中说常无同意)、D 仅通知时(常无通知)均错。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：B　监控‘侵蚀’自由，erodes 指‘逐渐破坏、磨损’。A 加强、C 涂画、D 测量均错。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：The path forward is not to ban the lens but to bind it ... let courts decide guilt · 解析：原文‘前进之路不是禁镜头而是约束它’，主张以法律规制而非全面禁止，B 正确。A 全禁、C 无限制、D 仅警方均错。 · 技巧：观点推断题抓 not to ban ... but to bind；‘规制而非禁止’是中性务实立场。 ▍第 4 题（重难点）（主旨大意） · 答案：B · 定位：the technology is neutral; what matters is the law wrapped around it · 解析：全文核心‘技术中性，关键在包裹它的法律’，主张以法治约束保自由，B 正确。A 纯恶、C 时时被扫、D 镜头无用均偏。 · 技巧：主旨题抓 neutral / law wrapped around；‘技术中性+法律边界’是中心论点。 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项 9 · 健康·运动与大脑 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 It is common to treat exercise as a way to shape the body and ignore the brain as a separate organ. Neuroscience disagrees. Aerobic activity such as running or swimming triggers the release of a protein called BDNF, often described as "fertilizer for the brain", which helps new neurons survive and connect. In experiments, mice allowed to run freely performed better on memory mazes than sedentary cousins, and their hippocampi — the region tied to learning — grew measurably larger. Human studies point the same way: older adults who walk regularly score higher on attention tests, and children who take movement breaks settle down to read with sharper focus. The mechanism also explains why exercise helps mood — BDNF lifts what medication sometimes targets, without side effects. The effect is not only long-term. A single bout of moderate exercise can lift mood and sharpen thinking for hours, which is why a short walk often untangles a problem that sitting never could. Importantly, the benefit does not require a marathon; consistency beats intensity. Older adults who stay active preserve thinking skills longer and delay cognitive decline, buying years of independence. Ten minutes of brisk movement beats an occasional exhausting workout that nobody sustains. Schools that added daily activity report calmer classrooms and better grades, reminding us that the body and the brain are not rivals but partners in learning. None of this requires athletic talent; a brisk daily walk qualifies. The body, long kept from the classroom, turns out to be among the cheapest tools for a sharper mind. The implication for schools is direct: a daily movement break may do more for test scores than another worksheet, especially for restless pupils. For adults, a walk before a hard task often loosens a stuck problem. The cheapest, most neglected tool for a sharper mind has been with us all along — and it sits not at a desk, but on our feet. 【题目】 1. What does BDNF do according to the passage? A. It makes muscles bigger B. It helps new brain neurons survive and connect C. It causes sleepiness D. It replaces food 2. What does the underlined word 'sedentary' most probably mean? A. Active and running B. Sitting still; inactive C. Very young D. Highly intelligent 3. What can we infer about exercise intensity vs consistency? A. Only marathons work B. Consistency matters more than occasional intense workouts C. Intensity is useless D. One must exhaust daily 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Exercise only shapes the body B. Exercise benefits the brain; body and brain are partners in learning C. Neurons are useless D. Marathons are required 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　原文‘BDNF 帮助新神经元存活并连接’，B 正确。A 增肌(运动整体)、C 致眠、D 代食均错。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：B　前文‘能自由跑的鼠’对比 sedentary cousins，可知 sedentary 指‘久坐不动的’。A 活跃、C 年幼、D 聪明均反。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：the benefit does not require a marathon; consistency beats intensity · 解析：原文‘益处不靠马拉松，坚持胜过强度’，可推规律运动比偶尔暴饮式高强度更有效，B 正确。A 仅马拉松、C 强度无用、D 须日竭均错。 · 技巧：infer 题抓 consistency beats intensity；‘可持续>高强度’是核心推论。 ▍第 4 题（重难点）（主旨大意） · 答案：B · 定位：the body and the brain are not rivals but partners in learning · 解析：尾句点明‘身体与大脑非对手而是学习中的伙伴’，即运动益脑，B 正确。A 只塑身(首段否定)、C 神经元无用、D 需马拉松均错。 · 技巧：主旨题抓 not rivals but partners；‘运动益脑、身心协同’是中心。 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项 10 · 社会·数字极简主义 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 We carry a device more powerful than the computers that sent humans to the moon, yet many use it mainly to scroll, compare, and worry. Digital minimalism is the quiet rebellion against this default. It does not mean throwing phones away; it means choosing, deliberately, which few tools earn a permanent place in our attention. The method starts with a thirty-day "declutter": switch off all optional apps and notifications, then notice what you actually miss versus what you merely habitually reach for. Most discover that the apps they feared losing added little, while the silence they feared added much. Recognizing this does not require throwing the device away; it requires seeing it as a tool with an agenda, not a neutral window. After the fast, each tool returns only if it serves a value you can name, not a vague promise of connection. Critics call this unrealistic for jobs built on instant reply, and they have a point — few can ignore a boss's message. But the principle scales: even inside a connected role, one can batch replies and protect mornings from the inbox. The deeper claim is that attention is a finite resource, and a life spent reacting to pings is a life partially lived by others. To own your mind, the argument goes, start by owning your notifications. Families that try a weekly "screen Sabbath" report better conversation and sleep, suggesting the cost of constant connection is paid in attention we did not know we were spending. The point is ownership: a phone that serves your priorities, rather than one whose priorities you serve. In the end, minimalism is less about having less technology and more about having it on your terms. A person who checks the phone because she chose to, not because it buzzed, has reclaimed a small piece of her own attention. Own the notification, and you begin to own the mind behind it. 【题目】 1. What does digital minimalism mean according to the passage? A. Throwing phones away completely B. Deliberately choosing which few tools deserve your attention C. Buying the latest device D. Using all apps at once 2. What does the underlined word 'declutter' most probably mean? A. To add more apps B. To remove unnecessary things and clear out C. To buy a phone D. To sleep 3. What can we infer about most people's experience during the declutter? A. They missed the apps they feared losing B. Feared-lost apps added little; the silence added much C. They bought more phones D. They never returned online 4. What is the author's main purpose? A. To sell a new phone B. To persuade readers to take control of their attention C. To praise constant notifications D. To ban all work 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　原文‘刻意选择哪少数工具值得常驻注意力’，B 正确。A 彻底扔手机(文中说不是)、C 买新机、D 全用均错。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：B　后文‘关掉所有可选应用与通知’说明 declutter 指‘清理、去除多余’，B 正确。A 加应用、C 买机、D 睡眠均错。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：the apps they feared losing added little, while the silence they feared added much · 解析：原文‘怕丢的应用增益甚少，怕失去的安静增益良多’，B 正确。A 真想念、C 买更多、D 永不回网均错。 · 技巧：infer 题抓 added little vs added much 的反转；‘戒断后发现冗余’是核心体验。 ▍第 4 题（重难点）（写作目的） · 答案：B · 定位：To own your mind ... start by owning your notifications · 解析：尾句‘要拥有心智，先拥有你的通知’，意在劝说读者夺回注意力主导权，B 正确。A 卖机、C 赞通知、D 禁工均错。 · 技巧：写作目的题看尾段 own your mind / start by owning；‘劝说掌控注意力’而非介绍或批评。 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项 11 · 心理·成长型思维 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 When students fail a hard problem, they tend to explain it in two ways. Some decide they lack ability and give up; others decide the method was wrong and try again. The psychologist Carol Dweck, who studied this for decades, named the two mindsets. A "fixed mindset" treats intelligence as a fixed trait you either have or don't. A "growth mindset" treats it as a muscle that strengthens with use. In controlled studies, children praised for effort rather than for being "smart" later chose harder tasks and bounced back from setbacks faster. Teachers report that simply naming the two mindsets helps students notice when they quit out of fear rather than inability. The reason is practical: if failure means "I am not talented," there is nothing to do but quit; if failure means "I have not found the right strategy," there is always another move. Schools that teach this report fewer students who fear mistakes and more who treat errors as information. Critics caution the idea is sometimes oversold — telling a struggling child merely to "try harder" without better teaching helps little. The useful version is specific: praise the process, name the failed strategy, point to the next step. Mindset alone does not raise scores, but it changes whether a child meets difficulty as a wall or a door. It is not a magic spell; praising effort while ignoring bad teaching changes nothing. Used with care, the idea remains one of the cheaper, more hopeful levers in education. Adults, too, benefit: employees who see skills as learnable adapt better to automation and career change. The danger is simplification — reducing every failure to 'wrong mindset' ignores poverty, illness, and poor schooling. A student who believes intelligence can grow still needs good teaching; the mindset opens the door, but the lesson must walk through it. 【题目】 1. What is a 'fixed mindset' according to the passage? A. Belief that ability grows with effort B. Belief that intelligence is a fixed trait you either have or not C. A type of exercise D. A school subject 2. What does the underlined phrase 'bounced back' most probably mean? A. Fell down again B. Recovered quickly from setbacks C. Jumped physically D. Disappeared 3. What can we infer about praising children for being 'smart'? A. It always raises scores B. It may lead them to quit when failing, unlike praising effort C. It is the best method D. It makes them try harder 4. What is the author's main point about mindset? A. Mindset alone raises scores B. Mindset changes how one meets difficulty, but teaching must be specific C. Effort is useless D. Talent decides everything 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　原文‘固定型思维把智力当作你要么有要么无的固定特质’，B 正确。A 能力随努力增长(是成长型)、C 运动、D 学科均错。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：B　与‘选更难任务’并列，bounced back 指‘从挫折中快速恢复’。A 再跌倒、C 物理跳、D 消失均错。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：children praised for effort ... chose harder tasks ... if failure means 'I am not talented,' there is nothing to do but quit · 解析：研究对比显示‘夸努力者选难任务、抗挫强’，反推‘夸聪明’会让其把失败当无能以放弃，B 正确。A 总提分、C 最佳、D 更努力均错。 · 技巧：infer 题抓 effort vs smart 的对照实验；‘夸聪明→失败即弃’是合理反推。 ▍第 4 题（重难点）（主旨大意） · 答案：B · 定位：Mindset alone does not raise scores, but it changes whether a child meets difficulty as a wall or a door · 解析：尾句‘思维本身不提分，但改变孩子把困难当墙还是门’，并强调具体教法，B 正确。A 单靠思维提分(文中否定)、C 努力无用、D 天赋定一切均错。 · 技巧：主旨题抓 does not raise scores, but changes ... wall or door；‘思维改姿态+需具体教学’是中心。 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项 12 · 文化·博物馆与集体记忆 —————————————————————————————————————— 【语篇】 A museum is easy to dismiss as a quiet building full of old things behind glass. To do so misses its real work. Museums are not warehouses; they are arguments about what a society chooses to remember. Every exhibit is a decision — what to display, what to omit, whose story to center. Those decisions shape how a community understands itself. In cities recovering from conflict, a museum can hold difficult memories that a textbook flattens, letting visitors sit with complexity rather than slogans. For immigrant families, exhibits of home-country crafts can anchor identity across generations. Communities that lack such institutions lose tangible links to their past. Critics note the risks: collections built on colonial looting still sit in wealthy capitals, and curators carry bias about which voices count. The honest museum names these tensions instead of hiding them, inviting visitors to question as much as to admire. Digital copies now spread artifacts to screens worldwide, yet the physical room still matters — standing before an object made centuries ago changes a person in a way a thumbnail cannot. Curators today increasingly co-create displays with the communities whose heritage is shown, correcting old imbalances. A museum at its best is not a tomb for the past but a workshop for memory, where each generation reopens the question of what deserves to be kept. Traveling exhibitions and mobile museums try to close that gap, bringing objects to towns the great capitals overlook. The digital turn, for all its reach, also flattens context — a sculpted figure seen on a phone loses the scale and silence that make it speak. Curators today increasingly co-create displays with the very communities whose heritage is shown, correcting old imbalances of who gets to tell the story. In the end, a museum succeeds not by showing everything, but by teaching a public to ask why some things, and not others, were deemed worth keeping. 【题目】 1. What does the author say museums really are? A. Warehouses for old things B. Arguments about what society chooses to remember C. Shops D. Places to sleep 2. What does the underlined word 'omit' most probably mean? A. To display proudly B. To leave out; not include C. To repair D. To photograph 3. What can we infer about an 'honest museum'? A. It hides tensions B. It names tensions and invites questioning, not just admiration C. It shows everything D. It bans critics 4. What is the author's main idea? A. Museums should show everything B. A museum teaches the public to ask why some things were kept and others not C. Old things are useless D. Digital copies replace museums 【答案与重难点解析】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题（细节理解） · 答案：B　原文‘博物馆非仓库，而是关于社会选择记住什么的论断’，B 正确。A 仓库(文中否定)、C 商店、D 睡觉处均错。 ▍第 2 题（词义猜测） · 答案：B　与 display(展示) 并列对举，omit 指‘省略、不纳入’。A 自豪展示、C 修复、D 拍照均错。 ▍第 3 题（重难点）（推理判断） · 答案：B · 定位：The honest museum names these tensions instead of hiding them, inviting visitors to question · 解析：原文‘诚实的博物馆直面而非隐藏张力，邀人质疑也邀人欣赏’，B 正确。A 隐藏(文中否定)、C 展一切(结尾否定)、D 禁评均错。 · 技巧：infer 题抓 names tensions / inviting to question；‘直面+质疑’是诚实博物馆特征。 ▍第 4 题（重难点）（主旨大意） · 答案：B · 定位：a museum succeeds ... by teaching a public to ask why some things, and not others, were deemed worth keeping · 解析：尾句点明‘博物馆之成，在于教公众追问为何某些物而非其他物值得留存’，B 正确。A 展一切(否定)、C 旧物无用、D 数字替代均错。 · 技巧：主旨题抓 succeeds not by showing everything, but by teaching to ask why；‘追问选择性记忆’是中心。 —————————————————————————————————————— 第三部分　全册附录（词汇 / 同义替换 / 短语汇总） ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、高频词汇总（12 篇合并去重） invisible　adj. 看不见的 solitude　n. 独处 cram　v. 填鸭式死记 deliberately　adv. 审慎地 recommendation　n. 推荐 loneliness　n. 孤独 evaporate　v. 蒸发；消失 declutter　v. 清理；去除杂乱 algorithm　n. 算法 psychologist　n. 心理学家 durable　adj. 持久的 optional　adj. 可选的 preference　n. 偏好 outsource　v. 外包；转交 interval　n. 间隔 habitually　adv. 习惯性地 convenient　adj. 方便的 deliberate　adj. 故意的；审慎的 retrieval　n. 提取；回忆 reintroduce　v. 重新引入 narrow　v. 变窄；限制 wander　v. 漫游；游荡 trace　n. 痕迹 vague　adj. 模糊的 filter bubble　信息茧房 distraction　n. 分心 interleave　v. 交错；穿插 batch　v. 批量处理 opposing　adj. 对立的 conceive　v. 构想 outperform　v. 表现优于 mute　v. 静音 tolerant　adj. 宽容的 isolation　n. 孤立 retention　n. 保持；记忆留存 finite　adj. 有限的 underlying　adj. 潜在的 withdrawal　n. 退缩 massed　adj. 集中的 ping　n. 提示音；消息 business model　商业模式 unstructured　adj. 无计划的 fluent　adj. 流畅的 mindset　n. 思维模式 demand　v. 要求；主张 reflect　v. 反思 distribute　v. 分配；分散 trait　n. 特质 celebrate　v. 称赞；颂扬 commute　n. 通勤 accuracy　n. 准确性 muscle　n. 肌肉 durability　n. 耐用性 interrupt　v. 打断 striking　adj. 惊人的 praise　v. 表扬 accumulate　v. 积累 rent　n. 租金 consent　n. 同意 setback　n. 挫折 fragment　n. 碎片 junior　adj. 初级的 erode　v. 侵蚀 strategy　n. 策略 microplastic　n. 微塑料 mentorship　n. 指导；师徒关系 defender　n. 辩护者 distinction　n. 区别 trench　n. 海沟 spark　v. 激发 neutral　adj. 中性的 caution　v. 提醒；告诫 detect　v. 检测；发现 unplanned　adj. 计划外的 oversight　n. 监督 oversold　adj. 被夸大的 ingest　v. 摄入 blur　v. 模糊 ethnic　adj. 种族的 specific　adj. 具体的 toxic　adj. 有毒的 productivity　n. 生产率 biased　adj. 有偏见的 error　n. 错误 ban　v. 禁止 verdict　n. 结论；裁决 bind　v. 约束；捆绑 score　n. 分数 disposable　adj. 一次性的 hybrid　adj. 混合的 aerobic　adj. 有氧的 dismiss　v. 轻视；不予理会 inhabit　v. 居住于 surveillance　n. 监视 trigger　v. 触发 warehouse　n. 仓库 neuroscience　n. 神经科学 passive　adj. 被动的 protein　n. 蛋白质 exhibit　n. 展品；展览 slow-wave　adj. 慢波的 caterpillar　n. 毛毛虫 neuron　n. 神经元 omit　v. 省略；遗漏 replay　v. 重播 volatile　adj. 挥发性的 sedentary　adj. 久坐的 conflict　n. 冲突 consolidation　n. 巩固 compound　n. 化合物 hippocampus　n. 海马体 flatten　v. 使扁平；简化 sequence　n. 序列 fungal　adj. 真菌的 bout　n. 一阵；一回 immigrant　adj. 移民的 markedly　adv. 显著地 seedling　n. 幼苗 moderate　adj. 中等的 anchor　v. 锚定；稳固 deprived　adj. 被剥夺的 drought　n. 干旱 untangle　v. 理清；解开 looting　n. 掠夺 crucially　adv. 关键地 metaphor　n. 比喻 brisk　adj. 轻快的 curator　n. 策展人 REM sleep　快速眼动睡眠 literal　adj. 字面的 sustain　v. 维持 artifact　n. 文物 emotional　adj. 情绪的 pesticide　n. 杀虫剂 rival　n. 对手 deem　v. 认为；视作 delay　v. 推迟 strengthen　v. 加强 minimalism　n. 极简主义 evidence　n. 证据 assume　v. 假定 rebellion　n. 反叛 二、同义替换汇总（C 篇答案多为原文同义转换） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 feed you more of the same 推送更多同类内容 opposing views rarely appear 异见极少出现 mistake ... for the whole world 把…误当作全世界 keeping eyes on screen 让眼睛停留在屏幕上 nearly unbreakable 几乎打不破的 smaller than five millimetres 小于五毫米 carry toxic chemicals 携带有毒化学物质 after the fact 事后（补救） pull an all-nighter 熬通宵 strengthening neural connections 强化神经联结 sleep-deprived 睡眠不足的 a form of studying itself 学习本身的一种形式 alone with one's thoughts 独自与思绪相处 outsource our thinking 把思考外包 slide into withdrawal 滑入退缩 unstructured quiet time 无结构的安静时光 no commute saves hours 不通勤省下数小时 casual mentorship 随意的指导 blurs the boundary 模糊了边界 managed by outcomes 以结果来管理 silent, passive things 沉默被动的存在 switch on their defences 开启自身防御 wood wide web 木维网（真菌网络） trade resources and alerts 交换资源与警报 fresh in mind 记忆犹新 desirable difficulty 合意的困难 blocked practitioners 集中练习者 trust the struggle 相信挣扎的价值 rarely mistake one face 极少认错脸 without consent or notice 未经同意或告知 slide into a police state 滑向警察国家 bind it with law 用法律约束它 fertilizer for the brain 大脑的肥料 sedentary cousins 久坐的同类 untangles a problem 理清一个问题 not rivals but partners 非对手而是伙伴 quiet rebellion 安静的反叛 permanent place in attention 在注意力中常驻的一席 a vague promise 含糊的承诺 a life partially lived by others 部分由他人代过的人生 fixed vs growth mindset 固定型 vs 成长型思维 a fixed trait 一种固定特质 bounced back from setbacks 从挫折中恢复 as a wall or a door 当作墙还是门（阻碍或机遇） full of old things behind glass 满是玻璃柜后的旧物 arguments about what to remember 关于该记住什么的论断 sit with complexity 与复杂性共处 deemed worth keeping 被认为值得留存 三、实用短语汇总（可迁移到写作与完形） · open a video app 打开视频应用 · learn one's preferences 学习某人的偏好 · feel convenient 感到方便 · build a filter bubble 制造信息茧房 · become less tolerant 变得不那么宽容 · demand more control 要求更多掌控 · break into fragments 碎成碎片 · detect in 在…中检测到 · attach to 附着于 · enter the food chain 进入食物链 · improve waste sorting 改善垃圾分类 · treat as a resource 当作资源对待 · pull an all-nighter 熬通宵 · form memories 形成记忆 · perform better 表现更好 · show no improvement 没有进步 · delay start times 推迟开始时间 · close the book 合上书（停止学习） · open-plan office 开放式办公室 · buzz with notifications 被通知声震响 · adopt others' opinions 采纳他人意见 · connect ideas 连接想法 · protect on purpose 刻意守护 · solve problems originally 原创性地解决问题 · work from kitchen tables 在餐桌办公 · cut costs on rent 削减租金成本 · expand hiring pools 扩大招聘范围 · overhear and imitate 旁听并模仿 · blur the boundary 模糊边界 · embrace the model 接受该模式 · be attacked by 被…攻击 · release chemicals 释放化学物质 · warn neighbouring plants 警告邻近植物 · pass sugar to 把糖分传递给 · reduce pesticide use 减少杀虫剂使用 · strengthen natural defences 增强天然防御 · cram the night before 考前夜突击 · review material 复习材料 · build a stronger trace 建立更强记忆痕迹 · mix different topics 混合不同主题 · raise long-term retention 提升长期记忆 · schedule reviews 安排复习 · open phones 解锁手机 · board trains 登车 · mistake A for B 把A误认作B · mass surveillance 大规模监控 · clear stadiums of dangers 清空场馆隐患 · bind with law 以法律约束 · treat as a way to 当作…的方式 · release a protein 释放一种蛋白质 · perform better on 在…上表现更好 · settle down to read 静下心阅读 · lift mood 提升情绪 · add daily physical activity 增加每日体育活动 · scroll, compare, and worry 刷、比较、焦虑 · earn a place 赢得一席之地 · switch off apps 关闭应用 · fear losing 害怕失去 · batch replies 批量回复 · protect mornings 保护早晨时光 · give up quietly 悄悄放弃 · strengthens with use 越用越强 · praise for effort 因努力而表扬 · bounce back 恢复 · fear mistakes 害怕犯错 · treat errors as information 把错误当信息 · dismiss as 视作…而轻视 · shape how a community understands itself 塑造社区的自我认知 · hold difficult memories 承载艰难记忆 · anchor identity 锚定身份 · carry bias 带有偏见 · name the tensions 直面张力 附　教学反思与使用建议（设计思考落地） ———————————————————————————————————————— 选题逻辑：12 篇覆盖九类题材与六类题型，刻意保留‘媒介算法、博物馆、成长型思维’等带思辨张力的语篇，训练学生在‘现象—原因—影响—对策’与‘观点—论据—反驳’两类结构中快速定位。 课堂三步法：① 限时 8–10 分钟独立完成‘语篇 + 题目’；② 对照‘答案速查’红字自批；③ 只对做错或标‘重难点’的题精读解析与技巧，节省约 60% 讲评时间。 学生常见失分点：① 推理题选‘原文照抄’项；② 写作目的题混淆 inform 与 persuade；③ 态度题凭常识而非原文形容词。讲评优先用红标重难点题做‘一题多误’剖析。 二次开发：可按班级水平把某篇‘细节题’升级为‘推断题’（题干加 infer），或把附录词汇裁成‘每课 10 词’默写表；拔高班可补入删去的能源转型、共享经济两篇。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $