2025-2026学年高一下学期英语阅读理解D篇限时作业

**基本信息** 聚焦高考新高考英语D篇（科普/议论文），通过分层限时训练（8分钟/篇）实现学困生定位题、中等生细节/词义题、优等生主旨/推理题的阶梯突破 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |科普文|3篇（鲸鱼监测/太空行走/AI隐私）|细节定位（32题）、推理判断（35题）|以科学现象→技术应用→社会价值为逻辑链，培养信息筛选与逻辑推断的语言能力| |议论文|3篇（走神价值/AI反思/打嗝研究）|词义猜测（32题）、主旨归纳（34题）|按观点提出→论据支撑→结论升华展开，提升批判性思维与文化意识的思维品质|

高一阅读理解D篇限时作业 教师分层教学使用建议： 课时安排：单篇限时 8 分钟完成，6 篇可安排两节课限时训练 + 逐篇精讲； 分层要求 ① 学困生：读懂文章大意，锁定定位题答案； ② 中等生：掌握细节定位、词义猜测题型； ③ 优等生：攻克主旨、推理判断题，梳理科普文行文结构； 适用学段：高一下期末复习、暑假分层训练 适用题型：高考新高考英语阅读理解D篇（科普/议论文高频题型） 1.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Scientists in San Juan Island are testing a new method to listen to whales. They are using hair-thin fiber-optic cables as underwater microphones. This technology is called Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). Unlike traditional tools that listen from one spot, DAS can use the whole length of the cable as a sensor. This allows scientists to find the exact place of a whale and track its direction. The researchers have already proven that DAS works for large baleen whales (大型须鲸). In a test, they recorded the sounds of fin whales and blue whales by using it. Now, they face a new challenge: Seeing if it works for killer whales. Killer whales use high-frequency clicks, which are harder to detect (监测). This research is important. The local killer whales, known as Southern Residents, are disappearing, with only about 75 left. They face three main threats: underwater noise from ships, a lack of their main food — Chinook salmon, and toxic pollution. Ship noise can cover up the killer whales’ clicks, making it hard for them to hunt the already few salmon. If successful, the DAS system could provide real-time data on where the killer whales are. For example, if scientists detect killer whales moving towards a busy shipping lane, they could tell nearby ferries to slow down or reduce noise, giving the whales a safer path. The method could also open a new window into killer whales’ behavior and communication. With thousands of miles of cables already on ocean floors worldwide, this technology could create a huge global network for monitoring underwater life and helping with conservation efforts. 32. What do the researchers use DAS for? A. Guiding whales. B. Tracking whales. C. Discovering whales’ food. D. Repairing ships. 33. What is the researchers’ next plan after using DAS on large baleen whales? A. To apply DAS to killer whales. B. To build a cheaper DAS system. C. To study fish species in deeper water. D. To record the sound of baleen whales. 34. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. How DAS works. B. What killer whales suffer. C. Why it is difficult to find killer whales. D. How the research is carried out. 35. What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A. Ocean life will be protected worldwide. B. DAS has already worked well on killer whales. C. DAS may help protect and study killer whales. D. Killer whales can reduce noise by slowing down. 2.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 On Nov 8, Wang Yaping, a female taikonaut of Shenzhou XIII mission, became China’s first and the world’s 16th female spacewalker. The expected six-month journey in space has left many people curious about the differences between male and female astronauts, especially when it comes to performing extravehicular (舱外的) activities (EVAs). Despite physical challenges, female astronauts have unique advantages. Understanding between astronauts is very important for carrying out EVAs, which is the basis of excellent communication skills. Women master communication and language expression, which helps female astronauts conduct EVAs. Female astronauts’ strong communication skills and energy also contribute to maintaining high team spirit throughout their stay, according to Pang Zhihao, a spaceflight researcher in Beijing. Men and women are different in body size, which also gives women unique advantages for spacewalks. A different body shape requires a different spacesuit. A tailor-made spacesuit was prepared for Wang’s EVAs, which weighed less than the model designed for male astronauts. Designers improved this spacesuit to make it more suitable for astronauts with slimmer figures. Existing research reveals that female astronauts are highly adapted to carrying out space missions, outperforming male astronauts when it comes to careful observation of detail and thinking from all angles. Besides, men often do well in shorter-term, goal-driven situations, while women are better in longer-term, living-type environments, according to National Geographic. Women’s participation in EVAs is a necessary part of space missions, and we are marking a historic moment thanks to Wang’s bravery, according to Pang. 32. What is the benefit of female astronauts’ communication skills? A. Conducting various tasks. B. Doing some space research. C. Approaching physical challenges. D. Keeping the astronauts’ mental positivity. 33. What do we know about Wang’s EVAs? A. She is the first ever female spacewalker. B. The spacesuit she wore was specially adjusted. C. She performed some tasks that her male partners couldn’t do. D. Her communication skills helped her finish all space research alone. 34. Which of the following is an advantage females have over male astronauts? A. Females can adjust to space more quickly. B. Female bodies are stronger and more flexible. C. Females deal with goal-driven situations better than males. D. Females pay more attention to details and all-round thinking. 35. What is the text mainly about? A. The importance of female astronauts. B. The advantages of females performing EVAs. C. The preparations for the first female spacewalk. D. The challenges female astronauts face during a spacewalk. 3.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 At any bus stop or in a queue, most people couldn't help keeping their heads down, scrolling (滚屏) on their phones. But studies suggest that if you resist that urge and let your mind wander instead, you may gain some surprising benefits. We seem to do anything to avoid being alone with our thoughts. Social psychology professor Erin Westgate compares the common mindless scrolling to “brain candy” which offers temporary pleasure, yet is of little meaning. She adds, what is of real meaning is high-order thinking leading to human achievements. Many people fear boredom, but this fear is often overstated. In a 2022 study conducted by Murayama, university students were asked to sit alone for 20 minutes with nothing to do but think. Though they had expected the wait to be unbearable, most ended up enjoying it far more than predicted—finding the empty time just as pleasant as scrolling on a phone would have made it. We badly underestimate how rewarding it can be to simply follow our own thoughts. Mind-wandering is a distinct human gift that boosts learning. In one study, Vékony and her colleagues (2023) found that when learners' minds wandered their brains slipped into brief, sleep-like “offline” moments. In these quiet pauses, freshly learned material was strengthened and allowed to take root. Mind-wandering is also key to problem-solving. People often find solutions better after unfocused thinking than intentional effort alone, especially during routine tasks like driving or showering. Even when people are not actively thinking, their brains remain active in a so-called default mode (默认模式), allowing ideas to connect in new ways. It's especially helpful for complex problems. Daydreaming boosts social and emotional connections too. A study found imagining pleasant interactions with loved ones made people feel closer. Social daydreaming allows individuals to practice conversations, reflect on past interactions, and prepare for future social situations. Murayama says he now tries to resist checking his phone during short waits and let his thoughts wander. He finds simply entertaining oneself mentally can be both satisfying and meaningful. 32. Why is mindless phone scrolling compared to “brain candy”？ A. It does harm to the brain over time. B. It replaces higher-order thinking. C. It pleases us instantly but lacks meaning. D. It tastes sweet but extremely hard to give up. 33. Why does the author mention the 2022 study? A. To reveal the pleasure of daydreaming. B. To show the fear of boredom is exaggerated. C. To state that the fear of boredom is common. D. To highlight the limits of mindless scrolling. 34. What does paragraph 5 imply about the “default mode”？ A. Unfocused thinking sparks ideas. B. Intentional effort brings new ideas. C. Complex tasks require active minds. D. Routines involve little brain activity. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Stay Focused in the Age of Smartphones B. Rediscover the Joy of Being Truly Alone C. Unlock the Power of Your Wandering Mind D. Uncover the Hidden Benefits of Social Daydreaming 4.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Artificial intelligence (AI) is putting itself into our daily lives, from the moment we unlock our phones with facial recognition to the recommendations that guide our music playlists or online shopping. Understanding how this powerful technology will change our daily activities and experiences is significant. But that isn’t the whole picture. We also need to pay close attention to how we build and shape AI itself, and what that process shows us about ourselves. Every AI system we create functions as a mirror, clearly reflecting our values and views. Consider hiring algorithms (算法). In 2018, a large USA firm gave up an AI-powered hiring tool after discovering it was one-sided against female applicants. The AI wasn’t programmed to differentiate, but it was trained on historical hiring data that favored men, and it learned to reproduce these models. The use of AI systems in the police area, healthcare, and education reveals similar patterns. In all these cases, AI isn’t creating new unfair opinions. Instead, it is reflecting existing ones. As long as AI is trained on human data, it will reflect human behavior. That means we have to think carefully about the traces of ourselves we leave in the world. I may claim to value privacy, but if I give it up in a heartbeat to access a website, the algorithms may make a very different judgement of what I really want and what is good for me. If I claim to want meaningful human connections yet spend more time on social media and less time in the physical company of my friends, I am training AI models about the true nature of humanity. AI not only reveals problems within the systems, but also clearly shows people’s inner struggles. As AI grows stronger, we must try harder to make sure our actions follow our principles. As we continue to integrate (融合) AI into our lives, we must recognize that these systems don’t just predict our behavior; they reflect our character. Reflecting on that reflection allows us to make better, more principled choices, but only if we’re willing to look closely and take responsibility for what we see. 32. What does “the whole picture” mean in Paragraph 1? A. The process of building and shaping AI. B. The takeover of AI in our everyday life. C. The dilemma of AI in decision-making. D. The interplay between AI and humans. 33. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning hiring algorithms? A. To support an argument. B. To state a phenomenon. C. To showcase a practice. D. To oppose an opinion. 34. What does the author advise us to do? A. Hide emotional struggles. B. Delete historical database. C. Suit the action to the word. D. Avoid AI in sensitive areas. 35. What does the underlined part “that reflection” in the last paragraph refer to? A. AI melts into our lives. B. AI mirrors our mindset. C. We make wise choices. D. We remain responsible. 5.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Over the years, lots of people have experimented with cures for the hiccups (打嗝). They’ve come up with remedies like holding your breath, pulling on your tongue, being frightened, or drinking a glass of water quickly. In fact, many times people simply have to wait until the hiccups run out on their own. This usually takes only a few minutes. Occasionally, they do go on longer. One man, Charles Osborne of Iowa, waited 68 years for his hiccups to stop! During that time, Charles hiccupped about 430 million times. Surprisingly, he didn’t complain about his discomfort much. But he did get frustrated when the hiccups sometimes caused his false teeth to fall out. So, why do we hiccup? Hiccups are a sudden, involuntary contraction (收缩) of the diaphragm, the muscle that helps you breathe. When your diaphragm contracts repeatedly, the opening between your vocal cords shuts. This makes the hiccup sound. Scientists believe our bodies have involuntary reactions like this for safety. Hiccups can also be caused by swallowing air bubbles when you eat or drink too quickly. Just like itchy ears or sneezing, hiccups have been said to be a sign that someone is talking about you. In ancient Greece, people thought you got the hiccups when a person who disliked you complained about you to someone else. A long time ago in Europe, people thought that if you got the hiccups in church, you were possessed by the devil. But now we know everyone gets the hiccups sometimes. Even unborn babies get the hiccups! Doctors think this happens so that babies can strengthen their muscles to get ready for breathing on their own. So, what should you do when you get the hiccups? If you like, try drinking mint water. Or try one of these silly cures: Say “pineapple.” Stand on your head. Laugh or talk nonstop for 10 seconds. Better yet, use your creativity to come up with a new cure. By the time you’ve tried one or two wild ideas, you’ll probably have already laughed your hiccups away. 32. What does the underlined word “remedies” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Causes. B. Gestures. C. Examinations. D. Treatments. 33. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Religious beliefs explain why we hiccup. B. Unborn babies hiccup mainly due to discomfort. C. People’s views on hiccups have changed over time. D. Hiccups were seen as a sign of good luck in ancient cultures. 34. How does the writer present possible cures for hiccups? A. In a serious way. B. In a scientific way. C. In a reserved way. D. In a light-hearted way. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Science behind Hiccups B. Hiccups: Causes, Beliefs and Cures C. To Cure or Not to Cure? D. How to Cure Hiccups with Funny Tricks 6.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 With AI voice assistants and chatbots becoming increasingly common in daily life, talking to AI in public often feels like broadcasting your private thoughts to strangers, creating a major privacy headache. Fortunately, an Asian start-up Verne Technologies is developing a noise-cancelling mask to keep your AI voice chats private. The upcoming product is called the Wearphone, which promises to lower your voice by 10 to 20 decibels (分贝). While wearing the mask, you interact with various chatbots, making it work as a voice input device. For phone calls and virtual meetings, the mask also enables you to speak in a crowded office space or café without giving away your private information. Though the product is still in development, it is expected to feature both active noise cancellation and physical soundproofing. Yet there is one aspect holding it back from wide use. A tester says covering his face with the mask stops him from communicating naturally with people around. The concept trades privacy for awkwardness, as users have to cover their faces all the time. This not only creates a barrier to face-to-face communication but also makes people feel uneasy in public, which may greatly prevent its social acceptance. Still, Verne Technologies is betting that the AI chatbot era will create a need for at least some users to demand extra privacy. The company says the mask itself is built with style and comfort in mind to encourage adoption. In addition, the mask can be taken apart into pieces, allowing you to clean the inside with UV light, which addresses easy-to-clean concerns for a wearable device. Finally, the Wearphone serves as a stylish solution to your private AI interactions in public. Yet, since only a model has been shown, and improvements are still in progress, you need to be patient to experience this invention firsthand. 32. What is people’s concern while using voice-based AI? A. Poor voice quality. B. Privacy risk. C. Background noise. D. Slow response. 33. What does paragraph 2 tell us about the Wearphone? A. How it operates. B. Where it can be used. C. Why it is created. D. What advantages it has. 34. What may influence people to accept the product? A. Its social discomfort. B. Its inconvenient operation. C. Its difficulty in cleaning. D. Its interruption to public talks. 35. Where does the product stand at present? A. Already on sale. B. Still in test stage. C. Ready for consumers. D. Just a concept idea. 参考答案 Passage 1 B A B C Passage 2 D B D B Passage 3 C B A C Passage 4 A A C B Passage 5 D C D B Passage 6 B D A B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $