Unit 6 Great minds【语法】-动名词作宾语-2025-2026学年沪外教版八年级英语上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义围绕动名词作宾语语法点，通过分类梳理构建知识体系。核心用法分为“动词+doing”和“介词+doing”两大模块，重点辨析“只能接doing”“只能接to do”及“兼用型动词”三类搭配，借助必背动词清单和对比示例呈现知识脉络，清晰标注重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层递进的练习设计，基础层通过单选巩固动词搭配，提升层用判断正误强化语法规则，拓展层结合袁隆平、顾方舟等科学家事迹设计语篇填空和书面表达，培养语言运用能力与文化意识。不同层次练习满足差异化需求，答案解析详细，支持学生自主复习，助力教师实施精准教学。

Unit 6 Great minds【语法】-动名词作宾语 【同步语法复习】 1、 重点内容 (1) 概述 · 动词的ing 形式，叫作动名词，在本单元的核心功能是充当宾语。 · 宾语位置：放在及物动词之后，或者放在介词之后，描述一件动作、一件事情。 例句：Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. 解析：giving up放在介词 in 后面，作介词的宾语，翻译 “放弃这件事”。 (2) 核心用法 本单元两大核心用法： 1. 动词 + doing（动名词作动词的宾语） · 部分及物动词后面，只能直接接动名词 doing 作宾语，不接 to do 不定式。 · 课本必背动词清单： like, dislike, love, enjoy, hate, mind, find, practise, prefer, suggest 例句：Tu never regretted giving her whole life to the work. 解析：regretted后接动名词giving作动词宾语，描述 “奉献一生” 这件事。 2. 介词 + doing（动名词作介词的宾语） · 介词（in, after, by, of, about等）后面，如果要接动词，动词必须变为ing 动名词形式。 例句：After failing over 190 times, Tu found qinghaosu. 解析：after 是介词，后面动词 fail 变为failing；介词后不能直接使用动词原形、不能直接用 to do。 (3) 重点辨析：动名词 doing VS 不定式 to do 本课会同时出现不定式，要分清两类搭配： 1. 只能接 doing 的动词（本课重点）： enjoy、mind、suggest、practise 等，后面不能用 to do 例：suggest to do（错误）； suggest doing（正确） 2. 只能接 to do 的动词： want、dream of（of 是介词，后 doing）、encourage sb to do、know how to do 例：encourage others to join him（encourage 搭配宾补 to do，不接 doing） 3. 特殊：like / love / hate / prefer既可以接 doing，也可以接 to do · doing：侧重长期习惯性、爱好 · to do：侧重某一次具体、特定的行为 例句：I prefer walking.（我平时更喜欢走路，爱好） I prefer to walk today.（今天我宁愿走路，单次选择） 2、 课本习题 1、 课本习题C1 Q1 What types of words are used before the -ing form of verbs? 答案：Verbs and prepositions. 解析：一类是及物动词（start, regret, recommend）；另一类是介词（in, after, of, about），动名词放在动词或者介词后面充当宾语。 Q2 What's the role of the -ing form of verbs in each sentence? 答案：Theing forms serve as objects. Some are objects of verbs; others are objects of prepositions. 解析： 1. giving up：介词 in 的宾语 2. testing：动词 started 的宾语 3. failing：介词 after 的宾语 4. testing：介词 of 的宾语 5. using：动词 recommended 的宾语 6. giving：动词 regretted 的宾语 2、 课本习题C2（参考示例） 1. I enjoy reading books about great people. 2. He practises doing experiments every week. 3. They suggest trying new research methods. 3、 课本习题C3 read use practise live make 1 Great minds in history believe in ________ their knowledge for the betterment of society. 2 These scientists in history enjoyed ________ groundbreaking discoveries that shaped the world. 3 They find wisdom by ________ a lot of books and learning from others. 4 Studying the works and ideas of great minds in history can lead to ________ a more enriched and meaningful life. 5 Successful artists often suggest ________ a lot to improve one's skills in the field of art. 1. using 句意：历史上伟大的思想家坚信运用自己的知识来促进社会进步。 解析：介词 in 后面，介词后接动名词，use→using。 2. making 句意：这些历史上的科学家乐于取得改变世界的突破性发现。 解析：enjoy + doing 固定搭配，make→making。 3. reading 句意：他们通过大量读书和向他人学习来获得智慧。 解析：介词 by 后面，read→reading。 4. living 句意：研究历史伟人的作品与思想，能够让人过上更加充实且有意义的生活。 解析：lead to 中 to 是介词，介词后接 doing，live→living。 5. practising 句意：成功的艺术家常常建议大量练习，以此提升自己在该领域的技艺。 解析：suggest doing 固定搭配，practise→practising。 4、 课本习题C4 1 Leonardo da Vinci loved ________ (paint) beautiful pictures and dreamed of ________ (invent) amazing machines. 2 Many people enjoy ________ (read) the works of Mao Zedong, who is the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC). 3 Mahatma Gandhi showed how peaceful efforts could change the world and encouraged others ________ (join) him. 4 Isaac Newton wanted ________ (understand) physics better and worked hard to discover rules about gravity and how things move. 5 Rosa Parks became famous for not ________ (give) up her bus seat and believed in ________ (make) things fair for all people. 6 Cleopatra was a smart leader who knew how ________ (keep) Egypt independent and powerful in ancient times. 1. painting; inventing 句意：达芬奇热爱绘制美丽画作，还梦想发明奇妙的机器。 解析：love doing（爱好）；dream of 中 of 为介词，后接 doing。 2. reading 句意：很多人喜欢阅读中华人民共和国缔造者毛泽东的著作。 解析：enjoy doing 固定搭配。 3. to join 句意：甘地向人们展示和平力量如何改变世界，并鼓励其他人加入他。 解析：encourage sb to do sth，不定式作宾语补足语，不接 doing。 4. to understand 句意：牛顿想要更好理解物理，努力探索万有引力与物体运动的规律。 解析：want to do 固定搭配，want 后接不定式。 5. giving; making 句意：罗莎・帕克斯因不肯让出公交车座位而出名，她坚信要为所有人争取公平。 解析：介词 for /believe in 的 in 都是介词，介词后接 doing。 6. to keep 句意：克利奥帕特拉是聪慧的领导者，她懂得如何在古代维持埃及独立强大。 解析：how + to do“疑问词 + 不定式” 固定结构。 5、 课本习题C5 Yuan Longping was called the "Father of Hybrid Rice". In 1960s, he considered 1________ (develop) a special type of rice. In the 1970s, Yuan succeeded in 2________ (create) the type of rice, which could feed about 70,000,000 more people every year! In later years, Yuan and his team kept 3________ (work) on improving it. In 1996, Yuan started 4________ (grow) super rice, raising the production to a higher level. Yuan's rice is also grown around the world. People recommend 5________ (grow) it in countries such as India, Vietnam, and the US. It has saved millions of people from hunger. He spent most of his time 6________ (work) on farms. He didn't mind 7________ (wear) cheap clothing. He didn't care much about 8________ (make) money. Yuan appeared to many just another farmer. But he was a national hero, whose work helped 9________ (reduce) hunger and 10________ (improve) lives. 1. developing 句意：在 20 世纪 60 年代，他考虑研发一种特殊水稻。 解析：consider doing 考虑做某事，固定搭配。 2. creating 句意：70 年代，袁隆平成功培育这种水稻。 解析：succeed in doing，in 介词，create→creating。 3. working 句意：之后数年，袁隆平和团队持续改良水稻。 解析：keep doing sth 坚持、持续做某事。 4. growing 句意：1996 年，袁隆平开始培育超级水稻。 解析：start doing sth 开始做某事。 5. growing 句意：人们推荐在印度、越南、美国等国家种植它。 解析：suggest/recommend doing 建议做某事。 6. working 句意：他大部分时间都在田间劳作。 解析：spend time (in) doing，in 省略，后接动名词。 7. wearing 句意：他不介意衣着简朴。 解析：mind doing sth 介意做某事。 8. making 句意：他不太在乎赚钱。 解析：care about 中 about 是介词，介词后接 doing。 9. (to) reduce 句意：但是他是民族英雄，他的成果帮助减少饥饿。 解析：help (to) do，不定式作宾语，to 可以省略。 10. (to) improve 句意：改善人们的生活。 解析：and 并列，和前面 help (to) reduce 保持一致，help (to) improve。 【同步语法练习】 ——基础层—— 1、 单项选择 1. Many researchers mind ____ under hard conditions for scientific progress. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 2. The expert suggests ____ more local materials when doing field research. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected 3. You can get new ideas ____ about reallife problems carefully. A. by thinking B. by think C. to think D. think 4. Most teenagers enjoy ____ stories of selfscientists in their spare time. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads 5. After ____ lots of failures, the young scientist finally got valuable data. A. meet B. met C. meeting D. to meet 6. The girl practises ____ lab skills every afternoon for her science project. A. developing B. to develop C. develop D. developed 2、 选词填空 study explore record interview observe share 1. The scientist believes in ________ nature to find hidden rules. 2. He succeeded in ________ local people’s traditional knowledge. 3. Many students like ________ about biographies of great minds. 4. Before ________ the wildlife, you should learn some basic rules. 5. She suggests ________ research results with other group members. 6. By ________ notes carefully, you can make great progress. ——提升层—— 1、 判断正误（T/F，划出错误并改正） 1. He suggests to carry out more smallscale experiments. 2. Many scientists don’t mind working for long hours. 3. After to finish his report, he kept doing further research. 4. The team succeeded in discover new kinds of plants. 5. I enjoy to collect stories from ordinary heroes around us. 6. You can improve your skills by practising every day. 2、 中译英 1. 这位研究员不介意花费大量时间做田野调查。 2. 老师建议多了解我国杰出科学家的事迹。 3. 通过阅读文献，我们能够学到很多宝贵经验。 4. 在完成实验之后，我们应当整理全部的数据。 5. 许多青少年乐于了解历史伟人的奋斗故事。 6. 他成功解开这个棘手的科学难题。 ——拓展层—— 1、 对话填空 对话情境：校园科创社团，两名同学讨论科学实践项目 A: Hi, Li Hua! What do you think of 1._____ (do) our science project about local scientists? B: Good idea! I enjoy 2._____ (read) stories about those great minds. But would you mind 3._____ (choose) simple research methods? A: Of course not. And our teacher suggests 4._____ (interview) old people for firsthand information. B: That’s wonderful! We can get facts by 5._____ (talk) with them. After 6._____ (collect) materials, we will write our report. A: Perfect! 2、 语篇首字母填空 阅读短文，根据上下文与首字母提示，把括号内动词变换正确形式完成短文。 Gu Fangzhou devoted all his life to medical work for children’s health. Many people remember 1 (l____) about his moving stories. He never minded 2 (t____) risks for public health. Before 3 (c____) the polio vaccine, his team kept 4 (d____) thousands of repeated lab tests. He suggested 5 (c____) everything under realworld conditions instead of only in the lab. By 6 (w____) hard day and night, they met lots of failures but never gave up. He succeeded in 7 (p____) millions of little kids from the terrible illness. He was also good at 8 (s____) his experience with young researchers. He believed in 9 (d____) useful things for ordinary people. Many teenagers look forward to 10 (f____) his spirit in their own study. 3、 书面表达 主题：My favourite scientist 要求： 1. 词数 80100； 2. 至少 4 处使用ing 作宾语（动词后 doing / 介词后 doing）； 3. 介绍一位你敬佩的科学家，写出他的品质，表达你的感悟。 参考答案和解析 ——基础层—— 一、 单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【句意】许多科研人员并不介意为了科学进步在艰苦的条件下工作。 【解析】mind 后面必须接动名词 doing 作宾语，mind doing 表示 “介意做某事”，mind 不接 to do。 2. 【答案】C 【句意】这位专家建议实地调研的时候多收集本土资料。 【解析】suggest doing sth 为固定搭配，suggest 后只接动名词，不能接 to do 不定式。 3. 【答案】A 【句意】你可以通过认真思考现实生活当中的问题获得新想法。 【解析】by 是介词，介词后动词必须使用 doing 形式，by doing 表示 “凭借做…… 的方式”。 4. 【答案】B 【句意】大多数青少年课余喜欢阅读无私的科学家的故事。 【解析】enjoy 后面只能接动名词 doing 作宾语，enjoy doing 喜爱做某事。 5. 【答案】C 【句意】在遭遇许多次失败之后，这位年轻科学家终于得到宝贵的数据。 【解析】after 在这里作介词，介词之后动词使用 doing。 6. 【答案】A 【句意】这个女孩每天下午练习实验操作技能，为她的科学课题做准备。 【解析】practise doing sth “练习做某事”，practise 后接动名词作宾语。 二、 选词填空 1. exploring 【句意】这位科学家相信探索自然能够发现隐藏的规律。 【解析】in 是介词，介词后接动名词。 2. interviewing 【句意】他成功记录采访当地人的传统知识。 【解析】succeed in doing 固定短语，in 为介词。 3. studying 【句意】很多学生喜欢研读伟人的传记故事。 【解析】like doing 表达长期爱好，动名词作动词 like 的宾语。 4. observing 【句意】在观察野生动物之前，你应当学习一些基础准则。 【解析】before 介词，后面动词变为 doing。 5. sharing 【句意】她建议和小组成员分享研究成果。 【解析】suggest doing，动名词作动词 suggest 的宾语。 6. recording 【句意】通过认真记录笔记，你可以取得很大进步。 【解析】by 介词，后接动名词表方式。 ——提升层—— 一、 判断正误 1. F；to carry → carrying 【句意】他建议开展更多小规模实验。 【解析】suggest 后面只接动名词 doing 作宾语，不使用 to do 不定式。 2. T 【句意】很多科学家并不介意长时间工作。 【解析】mind doing 固定搭配，语法正确。 3. F；to finish → finishing 【句意】在完成报告之后，他继续开展更进一步的研究。 【解析】after 为介词，介词后面动词必须用 doing。 4. F；discover → discovering 【句意】这个团队成功发现新品种植物。 【解析】succeed in doing，in 是介词，动词用动名词。 5. F；to collect → collecting 【句意】我喜欢搜集我们身边平凡英雄的故事。 【解析】enjoy 后面接动名词 doing，表达爱好。 6. T 【句意】你可以通过每天练习提升自己的能力。 【解析】by 介词后面接 practising，语法无误。 二、 中译英 1.The researcher doesn’t mind spending plenty of time doing field research. 解析：mind doing 固定搭配，动名词 spending 作 mind 的宾语。 2.The teacher suggests learning more about the stories of China’s outstanding scientists. 解析：suggest doing，动名词作 suggest 的宾语。 3.We can learn much valuable experience by reading documents. 解析：by 介词，后接 reading 动名词作介词宾语。 4.After finishing the experiment, we should organize all the data. 解析：after 介词，后面动词用 finishing 动名词。 5.Lots of teenagers enjoy learning about the fighting stories of great historical figures. 解析：enjoy doing，动名词作动词宾语。 6.He succeeded in solving this difficult scientific problem. 解析：succeed in doing；in 介词，solving 作介词宾语。 ——拓展层—— 一、 对话填空 1. doing 【句意】你觉得做一个关于本土科学家的课题怎么样？ 【解析】think of 当中 of 是介词，介词后接动名词。 2. reading 【句意】我喜欢阅读这些伟人的故事。 【解析】enjoy doing，动名词作动词宾语。 3. choosing 【句意】但是你介意选择简单一点的调研方式吗？ 【解析】mind doing 固定搭配。 4. interviewing 【句意】老师建议走访老人获取一手资料。 【解析】suggest doing，动名词作 suggest 宾语。 5. talking 【句意】我们可以通过和他们交谈获取事实素材。 【解析】by 介词，后接动名词。 6. collecting 【句意】收集完素材之后，我们就撰写报告。 【解析】after 介词，动词变为动名词 collecting。 二、 语篇首字母填空 【答案汇总】 1. learning 2. taking 3. creating 4. doing 5. checking 6. working 7. protecting 8. sharing 9. doing 10. following 【全文意思】 顾方舟将毕生精力投入守护儿童健康的医学事业。许多人记得去了解他感人的事迹。他从不介意为公共健康承担风险。在研制脊髓灰质炎疫苗之前，他的团队持续做了成千上万次重复实验。他建议要在真实现实环境下检验一切，而不是只局限于实验室。通过夜以继日的努力工作，他们遭遇无数失败，但从未放弃。他成功保护数百万孩童远离这种可怕疾病。他也善于和青年科研人员分享经验。他坚信要为普通老百姓做实事。许多青少年期待在自己的学习中传承他的精神。 【逐空解析】 1. learning 【解析】remember doing，动名词作动词 remember 的宾语；表示记得去了解相关事迹。 2. taking 【解析】mind doing 固定搭配，mind 后面只能接动名词；mind taking risks 不介意承担风险。 3. creating 【解析】before 在这里作介词，介词后面动词必须变为 doing 形式。 4. doing 【解析】keep doing sth 固定结构，keep 后接动名词作宾语，表示持续反复做某事。 5. checking 【解析】suggest doing sth，suggest 后面只能接动名词作动词宾语，不接 to do。 6. working 【解析】by 是介词，by doing 作介词宾语，表达 “凭借做某事的方式”。 7. protecting 【解析】succeed in doing，in 是介词，后面动词使用动名词形式。 8. sharing 【解析】介词 at 之后，be good at doing“擅长做……”，动名词作介词 at 的宾语。 9. doing 【解析】believe in 短语中 in 为介词，介词后接动名词作宾语。 10. following 【解析】look forward to 短语中 to 是介词，后面动词必须用 doing；look forward to doing 期盼做某事。 三、 书面表达 参考范文 My favourite scientist My favourite scientist I enjoy reading stories of great scientists and my favourite is Tu Youyou. I admire her for keeping trying bravely when she met countless hard difficulties. She never minded spending long hours doing boring research day after day. She suggested testing traditional medicine in creative new ways. By collecting and studying ancient medical texts, she finally discovered the valuable artemisinin. I keep practising learning science knowledge in my daily school life. I hope I can carry on her great spirit and make small but real contributions to our society in the near future. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $