Unit 1 People of Achievement 课文梳理及自测训练 -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

该高中英语单元学习任务单以“屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖”语篇为核心，围绕语言知识与语篇理解目标，通过课文翻译、重点词汇短语梳理、句型语法解析到自测训练的递进设计，构建“理解-内化-应用”的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性。 亮点在于融合文化意识与思维品质培养，设计语法填空、句型转换等任务，如用“upon doing”改写句子训练高级表达，结合写作万能句提升语言能力。拓展训练涵盖首字母填空、单句语法等多维度练习，为学生单元复习提供全面支持，也为教师实施针对性教学提供清晰指导。

Unit1 Reading and Thinking—Tu Youyou Awarded Nobel Prize 课文梳理及自测训练 ( — 1 — ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 课文翻译 屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖 2015 年 10 月 6 日 本年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予屠呦呦（共同获奖者）。她的研究推动了青蒿素的发现，青蒿素是治疗疟疾的关键新药。青蒿素挽救了数十万人的生命，让数百万人的健康得到改善。全球每年有超 2 亿人感染疟疾，约 60 万人因此死亡。青蒿素已经成为疟疾治疗至关重要的一环，据估算，仅在非洲，它每年就能挽救十万人的生命。 屠呦呦是一位信念坚定、富有耐心的科学家，1930 年 12 月 30 日生于中国宁波，1955 年毕业于北京大学医学院。毕业后，她在北京的中国中医科学院工作。1967 年，中国政府组建科学家团队，目标是研发疟疾新疗法，屠呦呦是首批入选的研究人员。起初，屠呦呦前往疟疾高发的海南，研究疟疾患者。1969 年，她在北京担任该项目负责人，决定翻阅古代中医典籍，寻找治疗这种疾病的传统植物疗法。她的团队查阅 2000 多本古代医书，评估 28 万种植物的药用特性。经过研究，他们筛选并测试了 380 种效果可期的古代中医疗法，用于对抗疟疾。 一本四世纪的医学典籍记载，可以使用黄花蒿的提取物治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干燥的黄花蒿叶，但没有效果。随后他们尝试煎煮新鲜黄花蒿，再用煎煮得到的液体治疗疟疾，依旧没有成效。项目陷入停滞。但屠呦呦不肯接受失败。她再次研读医学古籍，偶然读到记载黄花蒿另一种处理方式的文字。她得出结论：煎煮黄花蒿显然破坏了它的药用功效。 采用低温萃取的方式，她找到了一种有效的物质。历经 190 余次失败，团队终于在 1971 年取得成功。屠呦呦和团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上试药，以此确认药物安全。之后，药物用于疟疾患者临床试验，大多数患者得以痊愈。这种名为青蒿素的药物，很快成为疟疾的标准治疗方案。 在屠呦呦看来，青蒿素的发现是团队协作的成果。得知自己获得诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不只属于我个人。我的身后是整个团队，还有我的祖国人民。这次成功证明了传统中医药巨大的价值。中国科研与中医药能够走向世界，确实是一份荣耀。” 重点单词 1.crucial /ˈkruːʃl/adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 搭配：be crucial to/for 对…… 至关重要；crucial factor 关键因素 派生词：crucially adv. 至关重要地 2.vital /ˈvaɪtl/adj. 极其重要的；生死攸关的 搭配：be vital to/for 对…… 极其重要；vital part 重要组成部分 派生词：vitally adv. 极其；紧要地；vitality n. 活力，生命力 3.objective /əbˈdʒektɪv/n. 目标，目的；adj. 客观的 搭配：achieve the objective 实现目标；objective analysis 客观分析 派生词：object n. 物体；objection n. 反对 subjective adj. 主观的（反义词） 4.botanical /bəˈtænɪkl/adj. 植物学的；植物的 搭配：botanical treatments 植物疗法；botanical garden 植物园 派生词：botany n. 植物学；botanist n. 植物学家 5.evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/vt. 评价；评估 搭配：evaluate properties 评估特性；evaluate the result 评估结果 派生词：evaluation n. 评估，评价 6.properties /ˈprɒpətiz/n.(复数) 性质，特性；财产（单数 property） 搭配：medical properties 药用特性；personal property 个人财产 7.distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/adj. 截然不同的；明显的；清楚的 搭配：be distinct from 与…… 截然不同；distinct treatments 不同疗法 派生词：distinctly adv. 明显地；distinction n. 区别，差别 8.boiling /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/adj. 沸腾的；滚烫的 词根：boil v. 沸腾，烧开；boiled adj. 煮过的 搭配：boiling water 沸水 9.liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/n. 液体；adj. 液态的 搭配：the liquid obtained 获取到的液体；liquid medicine 药液 10.obtain /əbˈteɪn/vt. 获得；得到 搭配：obtain knowledge 获取知识 派生词：obtainable adj. 可获得的 11.defeat /dɪˈfiːt/n. 失败；挫败 v. 击败，战胜 搭配：acknowledge defeat 承认失败；suffer defeat 遭受失败 12.apparently /əˈpærəntli/adv. 显然；看来 派生词：apparent adj. 明显的，显而易见的 13.acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/vt. 承认；致谢 搭配：acknowledge defeat 承认失败；acknowledge sth 认可某事 派生词：acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢 14.substance /ˈsʌbstəns/n. 物质；实质 搭配：a substance that worked 有效的物质 chemical substance 化学物质 派生词：substantial adj. 大量的；实质的 15.insist /ɪnˈsɪst/vi.&vt. 坚持；坚决要求 搭配：insist on doing sth 坚持做某事；insist that… 坚持认为 / 坚决要求 派生词：insistence n. 坚持；insistent adj. 坚持的 16.artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/adj. 人造的；人工的 搭配：artificial intelligence 人工智能；artificial light 人造光 17.mostly /ˈməʊstli/adv. 主要地；多半；大部分 辨析：most adv. 最；mostly 多半，主要 18.committed /kəˈmɪtɪd/adj. 坚定的；尽心尽力的 词根：commit v. 投入；犯 (错 / 罪) 搭配：a committed scientist 信念坚定的科学家 be committed to (doing) sth 致力于 19.conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/n. 结论 搭配：draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论 派生词：conclude v. 得出结论；结束 重点短语 1. lead to 导致；促成；通向 led to the discovery of artemisinin 促成青蒿素的发现 to是介词，后接名词/doing，不接动词原形 2. hundreds of thousands of 数十万的 3. become a vital part of 成为……至关重要的一部分 4. be awarded the Nobel Prize 被授予诺贝尔奖；获得诺贝尔奖 5. graduate from 毕业于（学校） 6. form a team of scientists 组建一支科学家团队 7. among the first researchers 在首批研究人员之中 8. in the beginning 起初；一开始（=at first） 9. the head of the project 项目负责人 10. find treatments for the disease 寻找该疾病的疗法 11. a collection of 一批；一系列 12. get stuck 陷入僵局；卡住 13. would not acknowledge defeat 不肯承认失败 14. by chance 偶然；碰巧 15. draw out the extract 提取有效成分 16. insist on doing sth 坚持做某事 17. test the medicine on sb 在某人身上测试药物 18. according to 根据；依据 19. upon hearing that… 一听到……（upon + doing 一……就……） 重点句型&语法 1. 非限制性定语从句 This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 这种名叫青蒿素的药物很快成为疟疾的标准疗法。 which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话/事物，逗号隔开，不能用that。 2.同位语的使用 Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo. 同位语：a committed and patient scientist 作Tu Youyou的同位语，补充解释人物身份。 3. upon/on + doing 一……就……（高级写作句型） Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said… 一听到自己获得诺贝尔奖，她说…… = As soon as she heard that… 4. insist + that从句 ▷表“坚决要求”：从句用(should)+动词原形虚拟 ▷表“坚持认为（陈述事实）”：从句用陈述语气 5. suggest+that 从句 ▷表建议，从句用(should)+动词原形虚拟 ▷表“暗示，表明”，从句陈述语气 6. 现在分词作方式状语 Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. 用更低温度提取提取物，她找到了一种有效的物质。 语法：现在分词作方式状语，逻辑主语是she，主动关系用doing。 7. 定语从句 She found a substance that worked.她发现了 一种有效的物质。 that在从句作主语，指代物。 8. 过去分词作后置定语 the liquid obtained from this 从中得到的液体 obtained 过去分词，表被动，相当于the liquid which was obtained… 9. prove 句型 This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. prove +名词 证明……；prove (to be) +adj./n. 证明是 The task proved (to be) difficult.任务被证明很难。 写作万能句 1. Upon hearing the good news, she expressed her thanks. 一听到这个好消息，她表达了谢意。 2. Hard work led to the great discovery. 努力促成了这项伟大发现。 3. This success proves (to be) of great value. 这次成功证明有巨大价值。 4. It is an honour for China’s scientific research to be spread around the world.中国科研走向世界是一份荣耀。 课文自测 Paragraph 1 This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has 1. (award) to Tu Youyou (co‑winner), 2. research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment 3. malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds 4. thousands of lives, and has led 5. improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die 6. it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought 7. (save) 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. Paragraph 2 Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, 1. (bear) in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated 2. Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists 3. the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 4. (choose). In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, 5. malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts 6. (find) traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical 7. (property). From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. Paragraph 3 One medical text from the fourth century suggested 1. (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried 2. (boil) fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained 3. this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got 4. (stick). However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge 5. (defeat). She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed 6. (it) medical properties. Paragraph 4 Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance 1. worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally 2. (succeed) in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on 3. (test) the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of 4. recovered. This medicine, 5. was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Paragraph 5 According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon 1. (hear) that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value 2. traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine 3. (spread) around the world.” 拓展训练 Ⅰ. 首字母填空 1. As a c________ scientist, Tu Youyou devoted much of her life to medical research. 2. Artemisinin plays a c________ role in saving people infected with malaria. 3. Researchers need to e________ thousands of plants for their medical values. 4. The research project got s________ many times, yet they would not acknowledge d________. 5. She i________ on carrying out experiments even when facing countless failures. 6. This great discovery p________ the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine. 7. A________, high‑temperature boiling will ruin the plant’s useful chemical p________. Ⅱ. 单句语法填空 1. Tu Youyou, ________ achievement led to the discovery of artemisinin, received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. 2. Artemisinin, ________ is effective against malaria, has saved hundreds of thousands of lives. 3. ________ (draw) out the extract, the researchers adopted a much lower temperature. 4. They succeeded in ________ (find) an effective substance after failing over 190 times. 5. Upon ________ (announce) the award, the whole world praised Tu Youyou, most of ________ thought highly of her devotion. 6. Their project got ________ (stick), but they refused ________ (admit) defeat. 7. The text suggests ________ (try) a different method ________ (avoid) destroying the plant’s medical properties. 8. ________ is indeed an honour for Chinese medicine ________ (recognize) across the globe. Ⅲ. 选择 1. The news ________ Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize spread throughout China overnight. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 2. Tu Youyou, ________ work has benefited millions, is respected all over the world. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 3. ________ (fail) many times, the team never gave up and finally made the great discovery. A. Failed B. Having failed C. To fail D. Fails 4. They came to the conclusion ________ boiling would damage the plant’s properties. A. that B. which C. what D. where 5. This is the very drug ________ has saved so many malaria patients. A. which B. what C. that D. who Ⅳ. 短语填空（用所给短语的适当形式填空） draw out；insist on；get stuck；lead to；by chance；graduate from 1. Careless mistakes may ________ a total failure in your experiment. 2. The research group ________ repeatedly, but they kept trying new methods. 3. She ________ testing the medicine on herself to confirm its safety. 4. Scientists use special equipment to ________ useful substances from plants. 5. ________, she found an ancient medical text offering a new solution. 6. After ________ the medical school, Tu Youyou began her long‑term research work. Ⅴ. 句型转换（按括号要求改写） 1. When she heard the news of the award, she expressed thanks to her whole team.（用upon doing改写） ____________________________________________________________2. Because they had failed more than 190 times, they finally achieved success.（分词完成式改写） ____________________________________________________________ 3. The drug is called artemisinin. It has become a standard treatment for malaria.（合并为非限制性定语从句） ____________________________________________________________ 4. The fact surprised everyone. Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize.（合并为同位语从句） ____________________________________________________________ $ 课文自测参考答案 — 1 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Paragraph 1 1. been awarded 2. whose 3. for 4. of 5. to 6. from 7. to save Paragraph 2 1. was born 2. from 3. with 4. chosen 5. where 6. to find 7. properties Paragraph 3 1. using 2. boiling 3. from 4. stuck 5. defeat 6. its Paragraph 4 1. that/which 2. succeeded 3. testing 4. whom 5. which Paragraph 5 1. hearing 2. of 3. to be spread 拓展训练参考答案 Ⅰ.首字母填空 1. committed 2. crucial 3. evaluate 4. stuck; defeat 5. insisted 6. proves 7. Apparently; properties Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1. whose 2. which 3. To draw 4. finding 5. announcing; whom 6. stuck; to admit 7. trying; to avoid 8. It; to be recognized Ⅲ.选择 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C Ⅳ.短语填空 1. lead to 2. got stuck 3. insisted on 4. draw out 5. By chance 6. graduating from Ⅴ.句型转换 1. Upon hearing the news of the award, she expressed thanks to her whole team. 2. Having failed more than 190 times, they finally achieved success. 3. The drug, which is called artemisinin, has become a standard treatment for malaria. 4. The fact that Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize surprised everyone. $