专题9 被动语态（课件）-【2027版】福建省（学业水平考试）《英语一轮讲练测》

专题09 被动语态 【2027版】福建省（学业水平考试） 《英语一轮讲练测》复习课件 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 04 真题溯源·考向感知 2 01 考情解码·命题预警 3 【复习目标】 本专题属学考语法核心考点。复习要求：1.了解被动语态的含义（主语是动作承受者）及基本结构“be + 过去分词”；2.理解并掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时被动语态的构成与用法；3.掌握含情态动词的被动语态及主动变被动的步骤（双宾语、复合宾语转换）；4.能辨析不及物动词无被动、使役/感官动词被动 to 还原、主动形式表被动等易错点；5.能在词汇与语法题中正确运用被动语态。被动语态每年必考，侧重时态判断与句型转换。 02 体系构建·思维可视 5 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 7 【考点1 被动语态的构成与基本用法】 一、被动语态的定义与基本结构 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，基本结构为“be + 及物动词的过去分词（done）”。be 随时态、人称、数变化；过去分词不变。动作执行者用 by 短语引出，常可省略。只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（如 happen, take place, die, disappear）无被动。 【考点1 被动语态的构成与基本用法】 二、构成与基本用法 要素 说明 例句 基本结构 be + done（过去分词） The book is written 这本书被写（写于…）。 be 的变化 随主语人称、数、时态变化 He was seen 他被看见。 by 短语 引出动作执行者，常省略 written by Lu Xun 由鲁迅所写。 及物才有被动 不及物动词无被动（happen 等） The accident happened 事故发生（无被动）。 疑问句/否定 be 提前或加 not Is it done? 它完成了吗？ 【考点1 被动语态的构成与基本用法】 二、构成与基本用法 要素 说明 例句 基本结构 be + done（过去分词） The book is written 这本书被写（写于…）。 be 的变化 随主语人称、数、时态变化 He was seen 他被看见。 by 短语 引出动作执行者，常省略 written by Lu Xun 由鲁迅所写。 及物才有被动 不及物动词无被动（happen 等） The accident happened 事故发生（无被动）。 疑问句/否定 be 提前或加 not Is it done? 它完成了吗？ 【考点1 被动语态的构成与基本用法】 三、核心易错点 1. 被动语态必须及物：see, write, build, break 等可被动；happen, take place, die, disappear 等不及物，不能被动。 2. be 动词必须随时态变化：一般现在用 am/is/are，一般过去用 was/were，一般将来用 will be。 3. 过去分词形式要正确（write→written, break→broken, build→built）。 4. by 短语可省；无 by 时不表示“被…做”，只强调状态或事实。 【考点1 被动语态的构成与基本用法】 四、学考核心考法 考法1：判断句子该用主动还是被动。 考法2：be + done 结构识别。 考法3：不及物动词无被动的识别。 1. English ___ by many people. A. is spoken B. speaks C. is speaking 【答案】A 【详解】English 是 speak 的承受者，用被动 is spoken；speaks 主动语态主谓不一致。故选 A。 【即时训练】 2. The book ___ by Lu Xun. A. was written B. wrote C. was writing 【答案】A 【详解】书被写，被动 was written；wrote 主动。故选 A。 【即时训练】 3. The letter ___ by him tomorrow. A. will be written B. is written C. was written 【答案】A 【详解】tomorrow 将来时，被动 will be written。故选 A。 【即时训练】 4. The accident ___ yesterday. A. happened B. was happened C. is happened 【答案】A 【详解】happen 不及物无被动，用 happened；was happened 错误。故选 A。 【即时训练】 5. The window ___ by the wind. A. was opened B. opened C. was opening 【答案】A 【详解】窗户被风打开，被动 was opened。故选 A。 【即时训练】 【考点2 常见时态的被动语态】 一、常见时态被动语态的构成 依据主动句的时态选择 be 的形式：一般现在时 am/is/are + done；一般过去时 was/were + done；一般将来时 will be + done（或 be going to be + done）；含情态动词 can/must/should be + done。时间状语是判断时态的关键（every day→一般现；yesterday/last→一般过；tomorrow/next→一般将）。 【考点2 常见时态的被动语态】 二、常见时态被动构成 时态 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The room is cleaned 房间每天被打扫。 一般过去时 was/were + done The window was broken 窗户昨天被打破。 一般将来时 will be + done The meeting will be held 会议将被举行。 含情态动词 can/must/should be + done It must be done 它必须被做。 be going to am/is/are going to be + done It is going to be built 它将被建造。 【考点2 常见时态的被动语态】 二、常见时态被动构成 时态 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The room is cleaned 房间每天被打扫。 一般过去时 was/were + done The window was broken 窗户昨天被打破。 一般将来时 will be + done The meeting will be held 会议将被举行。 含情态动词 can/must/should be + done It must be done 它必须被做。 be going to am/is/are going to be + done It is going to be built 它将被建造。 【考点2 常见时态的被动语态】 三、核心易错点 1. 时态由时间状语决定：every day / usually → is/are done；yesterday / last week → was/were done；tomorrow / next → will be done。 2. 主语单复数决定 be：the book → is/was；the books → are/were。 3. 情态动词被动：情态动词 + be + done，be 用原形（must be done，不是 must is done）。 4. 将来被动用 will be done，不用 will done。 【考点2 常见时态的被动语态】 四、学考核心考法 考法1：据时间状语选被动时态。 考法2：主语单复数与 be 一致。 考法3：情态动词被动结构。 1. The classroom ___ by us every day. A. is cleaned B. cleans C. cleaned 【答案】A 【详解】every day 一般现在被动，主语单数用 is cleaned。故选 A。 【即时训练】 2. The letter ___ by her last night. A. was written B. wrote C. is written 【答案】A 【详解】last night 一般过去被动，was written。故选 A。 【即时训练】 3. The meeting ___ next Monday. A. will be held B. is held C. was held 【答案】A 【详解】next Monday 一般将来被动，will be held。故选 A。 【即时训练】 4. The bridge ___ two years ago. A. was built B. built C. is built 【答案】A 【详解】two years ago 一般过去被动，was built。故选 A。 【即时训练】 5. The homework ___ by the students now. A. is done B. does C. is doing 【答案】A 【详解】every evening/now 一般现在被动，is done。故选 A。 【即时训练】 【考点3 主动语态变被动语态】 一、主动变被动的转换规则 步骤：① 主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；② 主动句的主语变为 by 宾语（常可省）；③ 谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”，be 与新建主语的人称、数、原时态一致。双宾语动词（give, show, send）可将间接宾语或直接宾语作主语；复合宾语（make/let/have/see + 宾 + do）变被动时，宾补的 to 须还原（be made to do）。 【考点3 主动语态变被动语态】 二、转换类型 主动结构 被动转换 示例 主语 + 谓 + 宾 宾 + be done + (by 主) They built it → It was built (by them). 双宾语 give sb sth sb is given sth / sth is given to sb He gave me a book → I was given a book. 复合宾语 make sb do sb is made to do He made me laugh → I was made to laugh. 情态动词主动 情态动词 + be done We can do it → It can be done. 疑问句/否定 be 提前/加 not Do they build it? → Is it built? 【考点3 主动语态变被动语态】 二、转换类型 主动结构 被动转换 示例 主语 + 谓 + 宾 宾 + be done + (by 主) They built it → It was built (by them). 双宾语 give sb sth sb is given sth / sth is given to sb He gave me a book → I was given a book. 复合宾语 make sb do sb is made to do He made me laugh → I was made to laugh. 情态动词主动 情态动词 + be done We can do it → It can be done. 疑问句/否定 be 提前/加 not Do they build it? → Is it built? 【考点3 主动语态变被动语态】 三、核心易错点 1. 双宾语：give/send/show/pass 等，间接宾语（人）或直接宾语（物）都可作被动主语，物作主语时加 to（sth is given to sb）。 2. 使役/感官动词（make, let, have, see, hear）主动用省 to 不定式，被动须还原 to（be made to do, be seen to do）。 3. 时态一致：主动过去时 → 被动 was/were done；主动将来 → 被动 will be done。 4. 不及物动词（无宾语）不能变被动。 【考点3 主动语态变被动语态】 四、学考核心考法 考法1：主动句转被动句的填空。 考法2：双宾语被动转换。 考法3：make/see 等被动 to 还原。 1. "They built the house in 2000." →The house ___ in 2000. A. was built B. built C. was building 【答案】A 【详解】主动宾 the house 变主，被动 was built。故选 A。 【即时训练】 2. "We will finish the work." →The work ___ by us. A. will be finished B. is finished C. finishes 【答案】A 【详解】将来时主动变被动 will be finished。故选 A。 【即时训练】 3. "He gave me a book." → I ___ a book by him. A. was given B. gave C. was giving 【答案】A 【详解】双宾语：间宾 I 作主语，was given。故选 A。 【即时训练】 4. "She made him cry." →He ___ to cry by her. A. was made B. made C. was making 【答案】A 【详解】使役动词被动 to 还原，was made to cry。故选 A。 【即时训练】 5. "Can you do it?" →Can it ___ by you? A. be done B. do C. is done 【答案】A 【详解】情态动词被动：情态 + be + done。故选 A。 【即时训练】 【考点4 被动语态的特殊情况与易错点】 一、特殊情况和易错点 被动语态有几类易错情形：① 不及物动词（happen, take place, occur, die, disappear）无宾语，不能用被动；② 使役/感官动词被动时 to 须还原；③ 某些词用主动形式表被动意义，如 need/want/require + doing（= to be done），以及 sell well, write well, read well 等；④ 系动词（look, taste, sound）无被动。 【考点4 被动语态的特殊情况与易错点】 二、特殊情况辨析 特殊情况 用法 例句 不及物无被动 happen, take place, die 等不用被动 The accident happened 事故发生（无被动）。 被动to 还原 make/see 被动还原to：be made to do He was made to go 他被迫去。 主动表被动 动词主动表被动（好卖/好写）sell well 等 need doing = need to be done The car needs washing 车需要洗。 The book sells well 这书畅销。 系动词无被动 look/taste/sound + 形容词 It looks nice 它看起来不错。 【考点4 被动语态的特殊情况与易错点】 二、特殊情况辨析 特殊情况 用法 例句 不及物无被动 happen, take place, die 等不用被动 The accident happened 事故发生（无被动）。 被动to 还原 make/see 被动还原to：be made to do He was made to go 他被迫去。 主动表被动 动词主动表被动（好卖/好写）sell well 等 need doing = need to be done The car needs washing 车需要洗。 The book sells well 这书畅销。 系动词无被动 look/taste/sound + 形容词 It looks nice 它看起来不错。 【考点4 被动语态的特殊情况与易错点】 三、核心易错点 1. happen / take place / occur 是不及物，绝不加被动（The meeting took place ✓ / was taken place ✗）。 2. make/let/have/see/hear 主动省 to，被动必须加 to（be made to do）。 3. need/want/require + doing 主动表被动（The desk needs cleaning = needs to be cleaned）。 4. sell well, write well, read well, wear well 等用主动表被动（好卖/好写）。 【考点4 被动语态的特殊情况与易错点】 四、学考核心考法 考法1：happen/take place 无被动判断。 考法2：need doing 主动表被动。 考法3：sell well 等主动表被动。 1. The accident ___ yesterday. A. was happened B. happened C. is happened 【答案】B 【详解】happen 不及物无被动，用 happened。故选 B。 【即时训练】 2. The meeting ___ at 8 o'clock. A. took place B. was taken place C. is taken place 【答案】A 【详解】take place 无被动，用 took place。故选 A。 【即时训练】 3. The book ___ well. A. sells B. is sold C. was sold 【答案】A 【详解】sell well 主动表被动（畅销）。故选 A。 【即时训练】 4. The shirt needs ___. A. be washed B. to wash C. washing 【答案】C 【详解】need doing 主动表被动（需要洗）。故选 C。 【即时训练】 5. The food ___ good. A. tastes B. is tasted C. was tasted 【答案】A 【详解】系动词 taste 无被动，后接形容词。故选 A。 【即时训练】 04 真题溯源·考向感知 48 1. （2025年福建省中职英语学考第5题）English ___ by many people. A. is spoken B. speaks C. is speaking 【答案】A 【详解】English 是 speak 承受者，被动 is spoken。故选 A。 2. （2024年福建省中职英语学考第6题）The book ___ by Lu Xun. A. wrote B. was written C. writes 【答案】B 【详解】书被写，被动 was written。故选 B。 3. （2023年福建省中职英语学考第7题）The window ___ yesterday. A. was broken B. broke C. breaks 【答案】A 【详解】yesterday 一般过去被动 was broken。故选 A。 4. （2025年福建省中职英语学考第8题）The letter ___ by him tomorrow. A. will be written B. is written C. was written 【答案】A 【详解】tomorrow 将来被动 will be written。故选 A。 5. （2022年福建省中职英语学考第5题）The room ___ every day. A. cleaned B. cleans C. is cleaned 【答案】C 【详解】every day 一般现在被动 is cleaned。故选 C。 6. （2024年福建省中职英语学考第9题）A new library ___ next year. A. will be built B. is built C. was built 【答案】A 【详解】next year 将来被动 will be built。故选 A。 7. （2023年福建省中职英语学考第6题）The meeting ___ last week. A. held B. was held C. holds 【答案】B 【详解】last week 一般过去被动 was held。故选 B。 8. （2021年福建省中职英语学考第7题）The accident ___ on the road. A. happened B. was happened C. is happened 【答案】A 【详解】happen 不及物无被动，用 happened。故选 A。 9. （2025年福建省中职英语学考第10题）The food ___ good. A. tastes B. is tasted C. was tasted 【答案】A 【详解】系动词 taste 无被动。故选 A。 10. （2022年福建省中职英语学考第8题）The letter ___ to me yesterday. A. sent B. was sent C. sends 【答案】B 【详解】yesterday 一般过去被动 was sent。故选 B。 Thank you for listening $