2027届高三英语一轮复习长难句分析精讲：三步拆解六大类型，化繁为简拿高分 课件

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦长难句分析核心考点，依据高考评价体系梳理并列结构、从句嵌套、插入语等六大类型，结合2021浙江、2024全国甲、2025全国卷等真题，明确其在阅读、语法填空中的高频考查权重，归纳对应解题题型，体现备考针对性与实用性。 课件亮点在于“真题精讲+三步分析法”，如以2025全国一卷多层并列主语句为例，通过“找谓语-找连词-断句翻译”培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设限时挑战、高频句型训练（如非限制性定语从句标点、主谓一致），帮助学生掌握得分技巧，教师可据此精准教学，助力高考冲刺。

高考英语长难句分析精讲 —— 庖丁解牛，化繁为简 —— 1.7.2013 同学们好，今天我们来学习一个非常重要的技能——长难句分析。长难句是高考英语中的重点和难点，掌握它，能让你的阅读和解题能力提升一个台阶。这节课，我们将学习如何像庖丁解牛一样，把复杂的长难句拆解开来，化繁为简。 ‹#› 什么是长难句？ 长难句的“难”，核心并非在于词汇的生僻与晦涩，而是源于句子结构的复杂嵌套、修饰成分的层层叠加与逻辑关系的隐蔽缠绕。它是英语阅读中理解的主要障碍，更是突破阅读瓶颈、提升应试解题效率的关键抓手。 1.7.2013 首先，我们来明确一下，到底什么是长难句。长难句的“难”，主要不在于词汇生僻，而在于句子结构的复杂。学会拆解长难句，是提升英语阅读能力和应试能力的关键一步。 ‹#› 长难句为什么难？ 句子太长 句子太长 主干被隔开 连词太多 插入语、从句、非谓语层层叠加 主语和谓语中间插入了很多修饰成分 and / but / that / which 堆在一起 读到后面忘了前面 找不到谓语在哪 分不清谁修饰谁 1.7.2013 ‹#› 长难句的核心问题和解决方法 💡 破局关键：去枝叶，抓主干 先快速定位句子的“主谓宾”核心框架，再将插入语、从句、非谓语等“枝叶”逐一剥离分析，把长句“化整为零”，理解便迎刃而解。 1.7.2013 长难句通常具有这四个核心特征：从句套从句、插入语分割主干、并列结构复杂、非谓语动词密集。了解这些特征，能帮助我们更快地识别和分析长难句。面对长难句时，建议大家先剥离修饰成分，找到句子的主谓宾主干，再逐一分析从句和插入语，这样就能化繁为简，轻松理解句子的含义。 ‹#› 三步分析法 找谓语 找连词 断句翻译 找到句子中所有谓语动词 圈出所有连接词 从连词处断开，逐段理解 一个句子至少有一个谓语，有几个谓语就有几个分句/从句 连词前面是主句，后面是从句 先抓主干，再看修饰 1.7.2013 ‹#› 长难句的6大类型 1.7.2013 同学们好，今天我们来学习一个非常重要的技能——长难句分析。长难句是高考英语中的重点和难点，掌握它，能让你的阅读和解题能力提升一个台阶。这节课，我们将学习如何像庖丁解牛一样，把复杂的长难句拆解开来，化繁为简。 ‹#› ①多层并列主语：2025全国一卷 Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 谓语2 谓语1 连词1 连词2 连词3 says后面用that引导的宾语从句 v v inspire前用连词2并列了3个主语；用连词3并列了2个宾补结构 1.7.2013 ‹#› ①多层并列主语：2025全国一卷 句子的主干是什么？ Tu says that [A, B, and C inspired artists to create...] 主干中的A,B,C分别是什么？ A: the balance B: the beauty C: the energy flow between the black and white pieces in the strategic placement of the pieces following each move 1.7.2013 接下来，我们学习一套非常实用的长难句分析方法——五步法。这套方法能帮助我们系统地拆解长难句，找到句子的核心信息。 ‹#› ①多层并列主语：2025全国一卷 1.to create... 属于句子的什么成分？ 宾语补足语(to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition) 2.create后跟了几个宾语？ 3.generated是什么词性？ 副词 + 过去分词”构成的形容词短语，通常放在名词前面。但是过去分词带‘小跟班’（by短语/介词短语）时放在名词后。 4个，painting, sculptures, pictures and prints 1.7.2013 接下来，我们学习一套非常实用的长难句分析方法——五步法。这套方法能帮助我们系统地拆解长难句，找到句子的核心信息。 ‹#› ①多层并列主语：2025全国一卷 任务：中译英 屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡、棋子策略布局的美感以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。(says, inspired, strategic placement, energy flow, silk-screen prints) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 1.7.2013 ‹#› ②双that并列宾语从句:2021浙江1月卷 In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. 谓语1 谓语2 谓语3 💡 有三个谓语，肯定有几个连词？ 2个 连词1 连词2 1.7.2013 ‹#› ②双that并列宾语从句:2021浙江1月卷 任务1：找到这个句子的主干 found [that A] and [that B] ！found 后面有两个 that 从句，第二个 that 不可省略！ 任务2：翻译以下中文句子，必须使用 found / that / and that 结构 研究表明，锻炼有助于改善睡眠质量，而且这种效果在老年人中更为明显。 Research has shown that exercise helps improve sleep quality and that this effect is more obvious among the elderly. 1.7.2013 ‹#› ③介词+what宾语从句:2024全国甲卷 1. 在下列句子中填入一个适当的连词 On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in is now northwestern Wyoming. 2.What在它引导的宾语从句中当什么成分？ what 在介词 in 引导的宾语从句中**作主语**，从句缺少主语，故不用 that/which what 谓语1 谓语2 1.7.2013 ‹#› ③介词+what宾语从句:2024全国甲卷 On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River. The view there was far beyond ①______ they had expected at the beginning of their expedition, ②______ made all the hardships of the past month worthwhile. All ③______ they wished for then was to spend a few more days in this untouched wilderness. 1.介词 + what 引导宾语从句 2.非限制性定语从句（which指代整件事） 3.限制性定语从句（先行词为 all，只能用 that） what which that 1.7.2013 ‹#› ④插入语分割主谓:2022浙江1月卷 Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 1.a professor...Atlanta 是什么成分？ 同位语，解释 Kim Cobb 的身份 2.提取句子的主干 Kim Cobb is one of academics. 谓语1 谓语2 连词1 who are cutting back on their air travel 1.7.2013 ‹#› 任务：模仿刚才分析的句子，翻译下列句子 Tom是一位知名的气候科学家，他是一个规模虽小但不断壮大的学者群体中的一员，这些学者因环保理念而主动减少长途飞行。 1.中文主干是什么？ 气候科学家是学者群体中的一员 2.怎样的气候科学家？怎样的学者群体？ 3.这些学者做了什么？ 4.为什么减少飞行？ 知名的 规模虽小但不断壮大的 主动减少长途飞行 因环保理念 1.7.2013 ‹#› 任务：模仿刚才分析的句子，翻译下列句子 一位知名的气候科学家是一个规模虽小但不断壮大的学者群体中的一员，这些学者因环保理念而主动减少长途飞行。climate scientist, growing community, reduce flights, environmental awareness Tom, a well-known climate scientist, is part of a small but growing community of scholars who voluntarily cut down long-distance flights out of environmental awareness. 1.7.2013 ‹#› ⑤非限制性定语从句+多重插入: 2025浙江1月卷 Tanya is looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing. 用以下信息将句子扩写为一个包含非限制性定语从句 + 多重插入成分的句子： 1. capsule wardrobes 胶囊衣橱 2. package ... as ... 将…… 打包为…… 3. offer to travellers 提供给旅行者 4. such as 例如（插入举例） 5. headed to weddings abroad 前往国外参加婚礼的（人） 6. with a longer-term rental period 租期更长的 1.7.2013 ‹#› ⑤非限制性定语从句+多重插入: 2025浙江1月卷 Tanya is looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing. 用以下信息将句子扩写为一个包含非限制性定语从句 + 多重插入成分的句子： Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, which she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 谓语1 谓语2 连词1 1.7.2013 ‹#› ⑤非限制性定语从句+多重插入: 2025浙江1月卷 The newly-built community library, ①______ opened to the public last month, provides diverse reading services, ②______ e-book borrowing and audio book areas, ③______ a quiet study zone ④______ (equip) with charging ports and free Wi-Fi. which with such as/ including equipped 1.7.2013 ‹#› ⑤非限制性定语从句+多重插入: 2025浙江1月卷 这座刚刚完工的城市生态公园，为市民提供多种多样的休闲体验(which)，例如户外露营与自然课堂(such as)，还有一片配有原生植物与观景台的环湖步道(with)。 The newly‑completed urban ecological park, which offers citizens a wide variety of leisure experiences, such as outdoor camping and nature classes, comes with a lakeside trail with native plants and observation platforms. 1.7.2013 ‹#› ⑥独立主格特色句: 2026浙江1月卷 She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 断句翻译:She would dance us left and right around the kitchen.（大主干） She would dance..., [our eyes watching...], [excitement and tension building...] 谓语1 谓语2 连词1 1.7.2013 ‹#› ⑥独立主格特色句: 2026浙江1月卷 She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 找出句子中的两个独立主格结构 our eyes watching the microwave（名词+现在分词） excitement and tension building（名词+现在分词） 谓语1 谓语2 连词1 1.7.2013 ‹#› 回顾：什么是独立主格结构？ “自带主语的非谓语结构”——它有自己的逻辑主语，和主句主语不同。 结构公式： 名词/代词 + 非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语，如： All things considered, I’d rather finish this next week. The weather permitting, we will go camping. 1.7.2013 ‹#› 限时挑战 请在3分钟内完成以下长难句分析（找出主干并翻译） 1.7.2013 同学们好，今天我们来学习一个非常重要的技能——长难句分析。长难句是高考英语中的重点和难点，掌握它，能让你的阅读和解题能力提升一个台阶。这节课，我们将学习如何像庖丁解牛一样，把复杂的长难句拆解开来，化繁为简。 ‹#› The balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming. Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 1.7.2013 ‹#› 1. 主干：the balance, the beauty, and the energy flow inspired artists to create... 翻译：黑白棋子之间的平衡、策略布局的美感以及每一步棋的能量流动，激发了艺术家们创作…… 2. 主干：four men relaxed before a campfire...in what is now... 翻译：1870年9月中旬，四个男人在火洞河边的篝火前放松休息，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。 3. 主干：Kim Cobb is one of academics who are cutting back... 翻译：Kim Cobb是一个学者群体中的一员，这些学者因气候变化而减少航空旅行。 1.7.2013 ‹#› 解题步骤：找谓语 → 找连词 → 断开翻译 ① 一个句子有几个谓语，就有几个分句 ② 连词前面是主句，后面是从句 ③ 插入语可以先跳过，先抓主谓宾 独立主格：自带主语的非谓语（不加连词、不加谓语） 💡记住：长句子不是 “读不懂”，是 “没拆开”。 总结 1.7.2013 ‹#› 高频考试句型挑战 1.7.2013 同学们好，今天我们来学习一个非常重要的技能——长难句分析。长难句是高考英语中的重点和难点，掌握它，能让你的阅读和解题能力提升一个台阶。这节课，我们将学习如何像庖丁解牛一样，把复杂的长难句拆解开来，化繁为简。 ‹#› 一、加标点（插入语/非限制性定语从句的标点） 在适当的位置加上逗号。 1.My sister who lives in Shanghai is coming home for the holiday. My sister, who lives in Shanghai, is coming home for the holiday. 必须前后加逗号；若去掉逗号则是限定（区分多个姐妹） 2.The Eiffel Tower which was built in 1889 is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. The Eiffel Tower, which was built in 1889, is one of the most famous landmarks in the world.（非限制性定语从句，加逗号） 1.7.2013 ‹#› 二、合并句子 将两句话合并(包含非限制性定语从句)。 1.Professor Li is very popular among students. He has been teaching for 30 years. Professor Li, who has been teaching for 30 years, is very popular among students. 2.The movie has won many international awards. It was directed by Zhang Yimou. The movie, which was directed by Zhang Yimou, has won many international awards. 非限制性定语从句不能用 that 1.7.2013 ‹#› 三、语法填空（长难句拆解） 先划去插入语，找出主干，再填空。 1.The plan, which was carefully designed by the team, ________ (be) finally approved by the manager. was（主语是 The plan，单数，过去时） 2.The young man, together with his friends, ________ (decide) to start a new business next year. has decided（主语是 The young man，单数，现在完成时，插入语 together with his friends 不影响主谓一致） 1.7.2013 ‹#› 三、语法填空（长难句拆解） 先划去插入语，找出主干，再填空。 3.The novel, which I have read twice, ________ (give) me a lot of inspiration. has given 或 gives（主语是 The novel，单数；过去时态也可用 gave，现在完成时更强调结果）—建议优先用 has given（现在完成时），如果只陈述过去事实也可用 gave 4.The scientist, who won the Nobel Prize in 2020, ________ (be) invited to give a speech at our school. was（主语是 The scientist，单数，过去时） 5.The products, which are made from recycled materials, ________ (sell) well in the market. sell（主语是 products，复数，一般现在时） 1.7.2013 ‹#› 四、多重插入翻译 中译英，注意定语从句和插入语的位置。 1.我的朋友李明，是一个很有才华的年轻艺术家，将在下个月举办他的首次个人画展。 参考答案： My friend Li Ming, who is a talented young artist, will hold his first solo exhibition next month. 2.昨天我在街上碰见的那位女士，是我大学时的英语老师。 参考答案： The lady I met on the street yesterday is my English teacher from college.（此处为限制性定语从句，关系代词省略） 1.7.2013 ‹#› 五、情境写作 根据以下情境，用非限制性定语从句完成写作。 你的朋友想买一本英语小说，请你推荐一本书并说明理由，写3句话，至少使用1处非限制性定语从句。 I highly recommend The Old Man and the Sea, which was written by Ernest Hemingway. The book, which tells the story of an old fisherman’s struggle with a giant fish, is both inspiring and easy to read. Its simple language, which is perfect for English learners, makes it a great choice. 1.7.2013 ‹#› 六、综合挑战（混合类型） 下面是一篇短文，其中有5处错误（插入语、定语从句、非谓语、主谓一致），请找出并改正。 My best friend Tom, which is from England, have studied Chinese for three years. He, together with his family, are planning to visit Beijing next month. The Great Wall, that is one of the wonders of the world, is their first destination. Tom’s parents, who have never been to China before, is very excited about the trip. 1.7.2013 ‹#› which → who（先行词是人 Tom，定语从句关系词应用 who） have → has（主语是 Tom，单数， studied 前的助动词应为 has；另外 from England 前的主谓一致不影响此处，have studied 改为 has studied） are → is（主语是 He，单数，插入语 together with his family 不影响主谓一致） that → which（非限制性定语从句中不能用 that，应用 which） is → are（主语是 Tom’s parents，复数，动词应用复数） 1.7.2013 ‹#› Thank You 1.7.2013 今天的课就到这里，感谢同学们的认真听讲。希望大家课后能多加练习，熟练掌握长难句分析的方法。祝大家学习进步！ ‹#› $