专题06 名词性从句（培优专练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

**基本信息** 以“真题感知-强化演练-拔高预测”为框架，通过“两步走”“三步法”等结构化解题逻辑，系统构建名词性从句“类型判断-成分分析-引导词选择”的知识链条，培养学生语言能力与逻辑思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |真题感知|3道高考真题改编|两步走解题逻辑（类型判断→成分分析）、三步法（确认类型→检查完整性→判断状语）、高频考点速查表|从句类型（主/宾/表/同位语）→内部成分（完整/缺主宾表/缺状语）→引导词选择的递进关系| |强化演练|4考点14题（连接词选择/时态呼应等）|连接词成分对应表、同位语从句三规则|结合新情境考查高频考点，强化方法迁移| |拔高预测|语法填空/完形/阅读多题|综合运用解题逻辑，区分名词性从句与定语从句|通过真实语篇提升语言综合运用能力，渗透文化意识|

专题06 名词性从句 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 4 拔高·模拟预测 9 真题·命题感知 1.（2026·全国I卷·高考真题阅读B篇改编）I decided __________ I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. 【答案】that 【解析】考查名词性从句引导词。句意：我决定，我要尽可能多地学习单词，于是我开始用铅笔标记每一个我查过的词条，以此来衡量我的进步。decided 后面接的是宾语从句，空格后 I wanted to learn as many words as I could 是一个结构完整的句子（主谓宾齐全），因此需要一个只起连接作用、不作任何成分的连词that。故填 that。 解题方法 一、解题核心逻辑（两步走） 第一步：确定从句类型---先看空格所在的从句在整个句子中充当什么成分： 从句位置 从句类型 标志词（前面是什么） 主语位置（谓语动词前） 主语从句 无特殊标志，看谓语 宾语位置（及物动词/介词后） 宾语从句 及物动词（decide / know / say）或介词（about / of） 表语位置（系动词后） 表语从句 be动词 / look / seem / remain等系动词 同位语位置（抽象名词后） 同位语从句 fact / news / idea / hope等抽象名词 第二步：分析从句内部成分---这是最关键的一步——看空格在从句中是否充当成分。 情况 引导词选择 举例 从句完整（主谓宾齐全） that / whether / if（是否） I know that he is right. 从句缺主语/宾语/表语 what / who / which / whoever等（连接代词） I don’t know what he said.（said缺宾语） 从句完整但缺状语（时间/地点/原因/方式） when / where / why / how（连接副词） I wonder where he lives.（lives缺地点状语） 表示“是否” whether / if（宾语从句可用if，其他情况用whether） I don’t know whether / if he will come. 二、高频考点速查表（考试必备） 引导词 在从句中充当的成分 特殊说明 that 不作任何成分 只起连接作用，不可省略（除宾语从句外） whether / if 不作任何成分 表示“是否”，if只用于宾语从句 what 主语/宾语/表语 指物，意为“……的事情/东西” who 主语/宾语/表语 指人，意为“……的人” which 主语/宾语/定语 表示“哪一个”，有选择范围 whose 定语 表示“谁的”，后面接名词 when / where / why / how 状语（时间/地点/原因/方式） 从句必须完整，缺状语时才用 2.（2026·全国I卷·高考真题阅读D篇改编）It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s ___________ we think in ways that broaden our minds. 【答案】when 【解析】考查名词性从句连接副词。句意：放空自己、任由思绪游荡，这种事正变得越来越少见，但正是在这种时候，我们才能以拓宽思维的方式进行思考。根据句子结构分析，空格前 that’s 是主系表结构，后面 we think in ways that broaden our minds 是一个完整的句子（主谓宾齐全），因此空格处需要填一个连接副词，在表语从句中作状语。根据句意，需要的是时间状语——即前面的 zone out and let the mind wander（放空/游荡）这种状态发生的时候，我们才能进行这种拓宽思维的思考。 解题方法 一、核心判断逻辑（三步法） 第一步：确认是名词性从句 先看空格所在从句在整个句子中充当什么成分（主语/宾语/表语/同位语），确认是名词性从句。 第二步：检查从句是否完整 如果从句缺主语/宾语/表语 →用连接代词（what/who/which等） 如果从句完整（主谓宾齐全）→进入第三步 第三步：看缺什么状语 从句完整但意思不完整，需要补充状语时，根据语义选择对应的连接副词：when, where, why, how。 二、4个连接副词的具体判断方法 ① when —— 看动作发生的时间 判断信号：从句谓语动词本身需要一个时间点或时间段来让句意完整。 常见语境：时间点、时刻、季节、年代等。 ② where —— 看动作发生的地点 判断信号：从句谓语动词需要一个地点来让句意完整。 常见语境：居住、放置、发生等需要地点的动作。 ③ why —— 看动作发生的原因 判断信号：从句语义上需要一个理由或原因来让句意完整。 常见语境：解释原因、理由、结果等。 ④ how —— 看动作发生的方式/程度/状态 判断信号：从句需要一个方式、方法、程度或状态来让句意完整。 常见语境：方法、手段、程度（how many / much）、状态（how + 形容词）。 3. (2025年1月·高考英语浙江卷真题语法填空改编) Customers today look past the fact _________ something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact _________ they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 【答案】that, that 【解析】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：如今的顾客会忽略某件东西是二手货这一事实，转而关注另一个事实：他们拥有独一无二的衣服可穿，并且不会塞满自己的衣柜，也不会加重垃圾填埋的负担。两个空都在 fact 后面，fact 是抽象名词，后面接的从句用来解释 fact 的具体内容（“是什么事实”）。两个从句都是完整句，主谓宾齐全。that 的作用：在两个从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分（不作主语、宾语或表语），因此用 that 引导同位语从句。故填that, that。 解题方法 判断从句是否为同位语从句，主要有以下三条核心规则： 规则一：看位置和完整性。空格前必须是抽象名词(如fact、news、idea等)，且空格后的从句必须是完整句(主谓宾齐全)。如果从句不完整，就是定语从句，不是同位语从句。 规则二：默认填that。只要满足规则一的条件，且从句不需要补充“是否”或时间、地点、原因、方式等状语，一律填 that。that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。 规则三：特殊情况换词。从句完整但意思需要“是否”时，填whether (绝不能用if)。从句完整但缺少时间、地点、原因、方式状语时，分别填when, where, why, how。 进阶·强化演练 考点01 名词性从句中连接词的选择 1.【新情境·利用纸质词典学单词】（26-27高三上·江苏常州·阶段检测阅读改编）I decided _________ I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. 【答案】that 【解析】考查名词性从句引导词。句意：我决定要尽可能多地学习单词，于是开始用铅笔标记每一个我查过的词条，以此来衡量自己的进步。动词 decided 后接的是宾语从句，从句 I wanted to learn as many words as I could 结构完整（主谓宾齐全），不缺任何成分。故填that。 2.（25-26高三下·江苏无锡·阶段检测阅读改编）The truly privileged may be those whose parents and teachers know _________ they should turn it off. 【答案】when 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：真正幸运的人，可能是那些父母和老师知道什么时候该把它（指电子设备）关掉的人。know 后面接的是宾语从句 when they should turn it off。原结构可能是 when to turn it off 是“疑问词+不定式”的简写形式，在功能上相当于一个名词性从句。改为完整从句后，从句中结构完整， 根据语境，they 指代的是 parents and teachers（家长和老师），即“他们应该什么时候关掉它”。故填when。 3.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测阅读改编）It didn’t take me long to figure out _________ the problem lay. I had stocked my shelves with classic novels and poetry I cherished, yet they failed to meet the needs of local residents. 【答案】where 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我没花多长时间就弄清楚了问题所在。我的书架上摆满了我珍爱的经典小说和诗集，然而它们却未能满足当地居民的需求。动词短语 figure out 后面接的是宾语从句，从句 the problem lay 结构完整（主谓齐全，lay 是不及物动词，意为“在于”），但缺少地点状语——问题“在哪儿”或“在哪个方面”。故填where。 4.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测阅读改编）It also evolved as a survival trait: fitting in with a group helps people gain support and avoid danger. In daily life, this explains _________ couples or close friends gradually adopt similar speech habits or gestures. 【答案】why 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：这也演变成了一种生存特质：融入群体能帮助人们获得支持并避开危险。在日常生活中，这就解释了为什么情侣或亲密朋友会逐渐采用相似的说话习惯或肢体动作。动词 explains 后面接的是宾语从句，从句结构完整（主谓宾齐全），不缺主语、宾语或表语。从语义上看，需要一个原因状语，来说明“这解释了什么”——即解释了“为什么”情侣和朋友会有这种相似行为，与前文“融入群体是生存特质”形成因果关系。故填why。 5.（25-26高三上·福建厦门·阶段检测阅读改编）I can’t remember which one it was in particular, but I do remember _________ my adopted “aunt” Li once took care of me, tucking (塞被角) me up in an armchair in her Chengdu apartment, bringing me a cup of green tea, peeling and cutting fruit for me, chatting about unrelated matters as she prepared one of her wonderful Sichuanese suppers. 【答案】how 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我记不清具体是哪一个（片段/时刻）了，但我确实记得我的“姨妈”李阿姨曾经是怎样照顾我的：在她成都的公寓里，把我安顿在扶手椅上，给我盖好毯子，端来一杯绿茶，为我削皮切水果，一边准备着她那顿美味的四川晚餐，一边跟我聊着些无关紧要的事情。动词 remember 后面接的是宾语从句，从句结构完整（主谓宾齐全，took care of 已有宾语 me），不缺主语、宾语或表语。但从句缺少方式状语——即“如何/怎样照顾我”的具体细节。故填how。 6.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测阅读改编）Because AI users were usually satisfied with their answer after only one question or prompt (提示), accepting the answer without further checking or confirmation, they can be said to have engaged in _________ Robin Welsch, an Aalto University computer scientist, calls “cognitive (认知) offloading” — exploring the question with reduced reflection, and approaching it in a more “shallow” way. 【答案】what 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：由于AI用户通常只提一个问题或一条提示后就对答案感到满意，不经进一步核查或确认就接受该答案，因此可以说他们陷入了罗宾·韦尔施（阿尔托大学计算机科学家）所说的“认知卸载”——即减少反思地探索问题，并以一种更“浅层”的方式处理它。此空用在介词 in后，做介词的宾语从句。从句中 calls 是接双宾的及物动词，后面缺少宾语（即“称之为什么”），因此句中缺少另一个宾语。what 在从句中作 calls 的宾语，意为“罗宾·韦尔施所称的那个东西（即认知卸载）”。故填what。 7.（25-26高三上·福建福州·阶段检测阅读改编）Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics (形而上学) of race — an area of philosophy that explores the question of _________ or not race is real. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：想一想哲学家们所说的“种族形而上学”——这是哲学的一个领域，探讨种族是否真实这一问题。此空用在介词 of后，做介词的宾语从句。从句中 race is real 结构完整（主谓宾齐全）。句意需要表达“是否”的含义，且空格后紧跟 or not，这是 whether...or not 的固定搭配。尤其注意 whether...or not 是固定用法，不能用 if 替换。故填whether。 8.（2026·福建泉州·三模阅读改编）By understanding how it works and learning to recognize it in ourselves, we can make fairer decisions and build a more accurate picture of _________ we really are. 【答案】who 【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：通过理解它的运作方式并学会在我们自己身上识别它，我们能够做出更公平的决定，并更准确地认识我们自己到底是谁。此空用在介词 of后，做介词的宾语从句。从句中 we really are 结构不完整——系动词 are 后面缺少表语（“是什么样的人”）。不能填 what（虽然也可作表语，但 what are we 问的是“职业/身份/事物”，此处指人的本质特征，用 who 更准确）。故填who。 9.（2026·湖北十堰·三模阅读改编）His dad said, “_________ matters to me is that you learned something about value and self-worth. You see — you just like that watch — possess value.” 【答案】What 【解析】考查主语从句引导词。句意：他爸爸说：“我所看重的是你学到了一些关于价值和自我价值的东西。你看——你就像那块手表一样——拥有价值。”空格在句首，引导的是主语从句，从句中 matters 是不及物动词（意为“重要”），缺少主语（“什么”重要），因此需要用连接代词来充当主语。What 在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情/东西”，整句意为“我所看重的事情是……”。不能填 That（that在从句中不作成分，不能作主语），也不能填 Whatever（虽可作主语但意为“无论什么”，语义不符此处“具体所指”）。故填What。 10.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测完形改编）Yet it is never too late to make a choice: follow your heart, live fully, love deeply and become __________ you are meant to be. 【答案】who 【解析】考查表语从句引导词。句意：然而，做出选择永远不会太晚：追随你的心，充实地生活，深深地爱，成为你注定要成为的人。空格在动词 become 后面，从句 中 be 后面缺少表语（“成为什么样的人”），需要用连接代词来充当。who 指人，在从句中作表语，与主语 you 呼应，意为“你注定要成为的那种人”。不能填 what（虽也可作表语，但侧重“职业/身份/事物”，而此处指人的完整人格与本质。故填who。 考点02 名词性从句的时态呼应 1.（2026·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The conversation explored why people read, how eclectic books in one’s youth can shape a lifetime, how young graduates can find direction amid uncertainty, and whether close, careful reading still __________ (matter) now that AI can produce written works. 【答案】matters 【解析】考查宾语从句中的时态呼应。句意：这场对话探讨了人们为何阅读、青少年时期读过的杂书如何塑造一生、年轻毕业生如何在不确定性中找到方向，以及既然人工智能能够创作文学作品，细致深入的阅读是否仍然重要。从句主语是 close, careful reading，这是一个整体概念，表示“仔细、认真的阅读”，谓语动词用单数。整个句子使用一般现在时，表示一种普遍存在的现象或观点，因此用 matters（第三人称单数形式）。故填matters。 2.（2026·江苏苏州·三模）The experiment, which focuses on space medicine, aims to study how long-term space travel __________ (affect) the human body. 【答案】affects 【解析】考查宾语从句中的时态呼应。句意：这项专注于太空医学的实验，旨在研究长期太空旅行如何影响人体。此空位于 how 引导的宾语从句中，该从句的主语是 long-term space travel（长期太空旅行），为单数概念，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。主句 aims to study 使用一般现在时，表示客观事实或普遍研究目标，从句也应用一般现在时与之呼应，因此填 affects。 3.（25-26高三下·湖北宜昌·阶段检测）It was believed that we could judge a person’s integrity and wisdom by what naturally __________ (flow) from their brush. 【答案】flows 【解析】考查宾语从句中的时态呼应。句意：人们相信，我们可以通过一个人笔下自然流露出的东西来判断他的正直和智慧。此空位于 by what引导的宾语从句中，该从句的主语是关系代词 what，指代“从笔尖自然流出的东西”（单数概念），谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。主句 was believed 虽为过去时，但从句描述的是客观普遍认知（人们相信“字如其人”这一传统观念），因此用一般现在时 flows 更自然。故填flows。 4.（25-26高三上·广东广州·期末）The popularity shows how ice and snow resources __________ (transform) into cultural tourism highlights. 【答案】are transforming 【解析】考查宾语从句中的时态呼应。句意：这种受欢迎程度表明，冰雪资源正在（如何）转变为文化旅游亮点。空格位于 how 引导的宾语从句中，主语是 ice and snow resources（冰雪资源），为复数，谓语动词需用复数形式。句意强调“正在转化为文旅亮点”这一动态过程，且语境表明该变化目前仍在持续，因此用现在进行时 are transforming（主动语态）最为恰当。故填are transforming。 考点03 名词性从句中的形式主语/宾语 1.（2027·江苏南京·一模阅读改编）The more I researched, the clearer __________ became that American children’s experiences with food in the past were full of pleasure. 【答案】it 【解析】考查形式主语。句意：我研究得越多，就越清楚地意识到：美国儿童过去与食物相关的经历充满了乐趣。根据句子结构判断，主句为it became clearer that...，意为“……这件事变得更加清晰了”。其中 it 是形式主语，真正主语是 that 引导的从句。故填it。 2.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测阅读改编）__________ is universally acknowledged that China has made remarkable achievements in space exploration. 【答案】It 【解析】考查形式主语。句意：众所周知，中国在太空探索方面取得了显著成就。It is universally acknowledged that...，意为“众所周知……”，it是形式主语，真正主语that China has made remarkable achievements in space exploration（中国在太空探索方面取得了显著成就）放在句子后面，保持句子平衡。故填It。 3.（2026·江苏苏州·三模阅读改编）We think __________ highly beneficial that students participate in voluntary activities. 【答案】it 【解析】考查形式宾语。句意：我们认为学生参加志愿活动是很有益的。由于宾语太长，直接放在 think 后面会导致句子结构不平衡，所以用 it 作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句 that 从句（that students participate in voluntary activities）后置。故填it。 4.（25-26高三下·湖北宜昌·阶段检测阅读改编）I would appreciate __________ if you could help me with this problem. 【答案】it 【解析】考查形式宾语。句意：如果你能帮我解决这个问题，我将非常感激。这是一个形式宾语结构，但属于一种特殊且固定的用法，常用于表示“感激、喜欢、讨厌”等情感类动词后。真正的宾语是后面的 if 从句（if you could help me with this problem），但由于 if 引导的从句不能直接放在 appreciate 后面作宾语，所以必须先用 it 作形式宾语，再把真正的宾语后置。故填it。 考点04 名词性从句vs定语从句 1.（2026·山东·三模）The historical significance of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region lies in its position along the Silk Road, the ancient network of routes __________ connected China to Central Asia and beyond. 【答案】that / which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：新疆维吾尔自治区的历史重要性在于它位于丝绸之路沿线，这条古老的路线网络将中国与中亚及其他地区连接起来。此空引导定语从句，修饰 routes，应填关系代词 that 或 which， 因为先行词 routes 是物，且在从句中作主语（routes connected China...），所以用 that/which 均可。 2.（2026·福建泉州·三模）Why is this so important? At a time __________ some nations are creating more trade barriers, China is opening a huge door wider. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为什么这如此重要？在一些国家正在设置更多贸易壁垒的时候，中国正在把一扇巨大的大门开得更宽。此空应填关系副词 when，引导定语从句修饰先行词 time。因为先行词是表示时间的 time，且在从句中作时间状语（即“在这个时间点，一些国家……”），所以用 when。at a time when... = 在……的时候（固定搭配）。 3.（25-26高三下·福建龙岩·阶段检测）On the shores of the Bohai Sea __________ the winding Yellow River empties into the ocean, Dongying’s landscape has been shaped by an unusual geographical legacy. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在蜿蜒的黄河汇入大海的渤海之滨，东营的地貌由一段独特的地理变迁塑造而成。此空前先行词表示地点，且从句中 the Yellow River empties into the ocean 结构完整（主谓宾齐全），缺少的是地点状语（即“黄河在那里入海”），应填关系副词 where，引导定语从句，修饰先行词。所以用 where。 4.（25-26高三下·山东·月考）I also felt a sense of fulfillment with the understanding we all remain the same even if we may be born with certain physical limitations. 【答案】that 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：同时，我也有了一种满足感，因为我知道即便我们可能生来就存在某些身体上的限制，但本质上我们还是相同的。空后内容解释说明前文“understanding”，为同位语从句，从句句意和成分完整，故用that引导。故填that。 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 Passage 1 【新情境·中喀文化交流】（25-26高三下·山东·月考） In a martial arts club in Yaounde’s Mimboman neighborhood, the steady beat of feet and sharp shouts fill the room as 1 (score) of students mirror the fluent, forceful movements of their instructor, Martin Mangwandjo. Beneath the bright sun, the 29-year-old moves with confidence and ease, 2 relying on walking sticks due to a congenital (先天性的) disease. Over the years, for him, Chinese martial arts 3 (be) more than a physical practice. Martin’s passion began in childhood, sparked by 4 unexpected encounter with Chinese culture through martial arts films 5 (feature) legends like Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan. Through persistence and self-training, his confidence grew. His journey took a 6 (decide) turn during a performance in which with his skill and determination, he 7 (impress) a visiting Chinese martial arts master Xiao who offered to train him personally and taught him many aspects of Chinese culture like traditional Chinese medicine, kung fu, and tai chi. Over time, Martin’s understanding of martial arts deepened. “I found in martial arts a certain power, a certain physical strength I could employ 8 (defend) myself in any dangerous situation,” he said. “I also felt a sense of fulfillment with the understanding 9 we all remain the same even if we may be born with certain physical limitations.” More than a practitioner, Martin now sees himself as a “cultural ambassador”. “My wish is to see many Africans and Cameroonians, even those with disabilities like myself, take an interest in Chinese culture and Chinese martial arts in particular, 10 I have found a source of moral strength that enabled me to overcome any situation or difficulty in life,” he said. 【答案】1. scores 2. despite 3. have been 4. an 5. featuring 6. decisive 7. impressed 8. to defend 9. that 10. where 【难度】0.75 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，本文讲述了喀麦隆青年马丁虽患先天性疾病，却因武术结缘中国文化，凭借坚持深耕武术，最终成为中喀文化交流使者的故事。 【解析】 1. 考查名词单复数。句意：在雅温得米姆博曼社区的一家武术俱乐部里，清晰的脚步声和响亮的呼喊声充斥着整个房间，数十名学员模仿着教练马丁·曼甘瓦乔流畅有力的动作。scores of为固定短语，意为“许多、大量”，后接可数名词复数students，符合语境，故填scores。 2. 考查介词。句意：在灿烂的阳光下，这位29岁的男子步伐坚定、轻松自如，尽管他因先天性疾病而不得不依靠拐杖行走。空格后为动名词短语，结合句意“尽管因先天性疾病依赖拐杖”，despite表“尽管”，后接名词/动名词，故填despite。 3. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，对他而言，中国武术远不止是一种身体上的锻炼活动。over the years为现在完成时标志，主语martial arts为复数，故填have been。 4. 考查冠词。句意：马丁对武术的热爱始于童年时期，这一爱好源于他偶然接触到了中国文化的契机——通过观看诸如李小龙和成龙等传奇人物主演的功夫电影。结合句意，马丁的热情源于童年一次意外接触中国文化的经历，encounter为可数名词单数，“一次意外的邂逅”表泛指；且unexpected以元音音素开头，故填an。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。films与feature为主动关系，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示“以……为特色”，故填featuring。 6. 考查形容词。句意：他的旅程在此时发生了决定性的转折，在一次表演中，凭借他的技艺和坚定的决心，他给一位来访的中国武术大师肖留下了深刻的印象，这位大师主动提出亲自指导他，并向他传授了许多中国文化方面的知识，比如传统中医、功夫和太极。修饰名词turn需用形容词，decide的形容词形式为decisive，意为“决定性的”，故填decisive。 7. 考查动词时态。句意同上。此处描述过去发生的动作，从句用一般过去时，主句谓语动词也用过去式，故填impressed。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“我在武术中发现了一种力量，一种我能够运用的强大的身体力量，这种力量能让我在任何危险的情况下保护自己。”他说。结合句子语意可知，力量的用途是在危险情境中保护自己，此处用不定式作目的状语，故填to defend。 9. 考查名词性从句。句意：同时，我也有了一种满足感，因为我知道即便我们可能生来就存在某些身体上的限制，但本质上我们还是相同的。空后内容解释说明前文“understanding”，为同位语从句，从句句意和成分完整，故用that引导。故填that。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：“我的愿望是看到许多非洲人和喀麦隆人，包括像我这样身有残疾的人，能够对中国的文化以及中国的武术产生兴趣。在那里，我找到了一种精神力量源泉，它帮助我克服了生活中的任何困境或困难。”他说。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese martial arts，从句中缺“在武术中”这一地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 Passage 2 （2026·湖南衡阳·一模） In many Asian, African and Latin American cultures, 1 (extend) eye contact is impolite and it is thought of 2 an offensive or a challenge of authority. It is considered politer to have brief eye contact, especially between people of different social status (like a student and a teacher, or a child and his elder relatives). For example, if a Japanese woman avoids looking someone in the eye, she is not showing a lack of interest nor is 3 (she) showing a lack of confidence. Instead, she 4 (be) polite, respectful and appropriate according to her culture. So in many of these cultures, you should take care of 5 kind of eye contact you initiate with those who are your 6 (superior) or in authority over you, so that you are not thought to be 7 (respect) or rude. As you can see, it is vital for you to know what eye contact communicates before you visit a new culture. Before you travel, you can either look up relevant information in your local public library 8 check out a book about the culture of the country you plan to visit in a bookstore. Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language 9 (flexible) so that you 10 (perceive) to be polite, and so that you can better connect with people who are foreign to you! 【答案】1. extended 2. as 3. she 4. is being 5. what 6. superiors 7. disrespectful 8. or 9. flexibly 10. are perceived 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了眼神交流在不同文化中的含义，作者建议在去其他国家旅游之前，要查阅相关文化信息。 【解析】 1. 考查形容词。句意：在许多亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲文化中，长时间的目光接触是不礼貌的，它被认为是一种冒犯或对权威的挑战。空处修饰eye contact，结合句意，此处缺少形容词extended作定语，表示“长期的”。故填extended。 2. 考查介词。句意同上。an offensive or a challenge of authority为名词词组，空处缺少介词，结合is thought of可知，此处为be thought of as短语，意思为：被认为是。故填as。 3. 考查代词。句意：例如，如果一个日本女人避免看某人的眼睛，她不是缺乏兴趣，也不是缺乏自信。nor后面的句子要进行部分倒装，is提到主语前面，is showing构成现在进行时，空处缺少句子的主语，用人称代词主格she。故填she。 4. 考查动词时态。句意：相反，根据她的文化，她表现得礼貌、尊重、得体。根据上文For example, if a Japanese woman avoids looking someone in the eye, she is not showing a lack of interest nor is 3 (she) showing a lack of confidence.可知，此处描述的是日本女性避免眼神接触时的即时行为状态，强调“正在表现礼貌”，应用现在进行时。主语为she，be动词用is。故填is being。 5. 考查宾语从句。句意：所以在许多这样的文化中，你应该注意与你的上级或上层进行什么样的眼神接触，这样你就不会被认为是不尊重或粗鲁的。分析句子可知，空处为介词后，引导后面的句子，为宾语从句连接词，此处为修饰kind of eye contact，表示“什么种类的眼神接触”用连接代词what作定语。故填what。 6. 考查名词。句意：同上。who引导定语从句修饰先行词 those，空处在从句中作表语，此处用名词superior意为“上级，上司”，为可数名词，结合先行词those可知此处表复数概念，用名词复数形式。故填superiors。 7. 考查形容词。句意：同上。空处与rude并列，表示“无礼的，失礼的”，用形容词disrespectful。故填disrespectful。 8. 考查连词。句意：在你旅行之前，你可以在当地的公共图书馆里查找相关信息，或者在书店里找一本关于你计划去的国家文化的书。本句中含有either…or…意思为：要么……要么……，连接并列动词短语look up和check out。故填or。 9. 考查副词。句意：学习如何灵活地使用眼神交流和其他肢体语言，这样你就会被认为是有礼貌的，这样你就能更好地与外国人联系！空处修饰make use of，用副词flexibly作状语。故填flexibly。 10. 考查动词时态、语态。句意：同上。空处作谓语，you和perceive构成被动关系，空处描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are perceived。 二、完形填空 （25-26高三上·福建莆田·期中） My father’s thrift (节俭) philosophy shaped my youth. Unlike peers receiving pocket money, I never got a penny — not from cruelty, but to build 1 . Each morning, he’d note, “Mrs. Wilson needs her garden weeded; Mr. Carter requires help 2 bottles.” I earned coins through 3 work in the neighborhood; sweeping leaves, shoveling snow and planting trees. Savings filled the tin under my bed, its weight showing my growing 4 . Though he occasionally borrowed for emergencies (a flat tire or a medical bill), 5 was exact and timely. When I lost two months’ earnings in a(n) 6 lemonade business, his only words were, “Live and learn.” At twelve, I considered this cruel; at thirty, I 7 its wisdom — true lessons grow through doing. Modern thrift education 8 saving, but ignores its key point: earning. Father believed “earned coins teach value; given coins generate greed” — a truth wealthy families overlook while 9 thrift. By delivering papers at dawn and mowing lawns at dusk, I learned that true thrift is a triad (三位一体) — earn through 10 , save with intention, spend with care. This trio, 11 in classrooms, roots in blistered (起水泡的) hands and difficult situations. 12 , supermarkets throw outdated bread (still eatable) as shelters beg for donations. Witnessing global contrasts inspires my resolve: 1.3 billion tons of food go bad annually — enough to feed all the hungry — while 800 million starve. This phenomenon 13 my Food Rescue project — redirecting bakery remains to food banks and training youth to 14 deserted furniture for schools. Through such acts, thrift becomes social justice. As Father said, “Earning teaches respect for resources.” In our wasteful era, thrift transforms from 15 discipline to collective duty. 1. A. self-control B. self-reliance C. self-improvement D. self-defense 2. A. breaking B. making C. delivering D. sorting 3. A. seasonal B. permanent C. dangerous D. voluntary 4. A. doubt B. fear C. pride D. respect 5. A. punishment B. repayment C. investment D. donation 6. A. failed B. expanding C. illegal D. profitable 7. A. ignore B. forget C. question D. value 8. A. gives up on B. focuses on C. benefits from D. moves beyond 9. A. opposing B. neglecting C. advocating D. realizing 10. A. labor B. creativity C. skills D. talents 11. A. understandable B. unteachable C. popular     D. boring 12. A. Accidentally B. Occasionally C. Locally D. Temporarily 13. A. fuels B. delays C. replaces D. complicates 14. A. regain B. remake C. repair D. reuse 15. A. strict B. strong C. personal D. internal 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了父亲节俭理念对“我”的影响及“我”的感悟与实践。 【解析】1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不像同龄人收到零花钱，我从未得到过一分钱——不是出于残忍，而是为了培养我的自立能力。A. self-control自我控制；B. self-reliance自立；C. self-improvement自我提升；D. self-defense自我防御。根据后文“I earned coins through ____ work”描述作者通过劳动赚取零用钱，可知这里是为了培养自立能力。故选B。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，他都会说：“威尔逊太太需要她的花园除草；卡特先生需要帮忙整理瓶子。”A. breaking打破；B. making制作；C. delivering递送；D. sorting整理，分类。根据“bottles”及日常场景，“整理瓶子”更合理，符合邻里间帮忙的语境。故选D。 3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我通过在附近做季节性的工作赚取零钱；扫落叶、铲雪和植树。A. seasonal季节性的；B. permanent永久的；C. dangerous危险的；D. voluntary自愿的。根据后文“sweeping leaves, shoveling snow and planting trees”可知，这些工作都是季节性的。故选A。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：床底下的储蓄罐里装满了硬币，它的重量显示了我日益增长的自豪感。A. doubt怀疑；B. fear恐惧；C. pride自豪；D. respect尊重。根据前文“Savings filled the tin under my bed”描述作者通过劳动赚取零用钱并储蓄起来，可知这里应该是日益增长的自豪感。故选C。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他偶尔会为了紧急情况（轮胎漏气或医疗账单）而借钱，但还款总是准确而及时。A. punishment惩罚；B. repayment还款；C. investment投资；D. donation捐赠。根据前文“borrowed for emergencies”可知，此处指还款。故选B。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我在一个失败的柠檬水生意中损失了两个月的收入时，他只说了句：“吃一堑，长一智。”A. failed失败的；B. expanding扩大的；C. illegal非法的；D. profitable有利可图的。根据前文“I lost two months’ earnings”可知，此处指失败的生意。故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：12岁时，我觉得这很残忍；30岁时，我珍视其中的智慧——真正的教训是通过实践获得的。A. ignore忽视；B. forget忘记；C. question质疑；D. value珍视。根据后文“true lessons grow through doing”可知，作者开始珍视其中的智慧。故选D。 8. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现代的节俭教育注重储蓄，但忽略了其关键点：赚钱。A. gives up on放弃；B. focuses on注重；C. benefits from获益；D. moves beyond超越。根据后文“but ignores its key point: earning”可知，现代的节俭教育注重储蓄。故选B。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲认为“挣来的钱教会价值；给的钱滋生贪婪”——这是富裕家庭在提倡节俭时忽视的一个真理。A. opposing反对；B. neglecting忽视；C. advocating提倡；D. realizing意识到。根据前文“wealthy families overlook”和后文“thrift”可知，此处指富裕家庭在提倡节俭时忽视的一个真理。故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过黎明时分送报纸和黄昏时分修剪草坪，我了解到真正的节俭是三位一体的——通过劳动赚钱，有目的地储蓄，谨慎地消费。A. labor劳动；B. creativity创造力；C. skills技能；D. talents才能。根据前文“delivering papers at dawn and mowing lawns at dusk”可知，此处指通过劳动赚钱。故选A。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种三位一体，在课堂上是学不到的，它源于起水泡的双手和艰难的处境。A. understandable可理解的；B. unteachable教不会的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. boring无聊的。根据后文“in classrooms”和“roots in blistered hands and difficult situations”可知，这种节俭的真谛需通过实践获得，课堂上教不会。故选B。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在当地，超市扔掉过期的面包（仍然可以吃），而收容所却在乞求捐赠。A. Accidentally偶然地；B. Occasionally偶尔地；C. Locally在当地；D. Temporarily暂时地。根据后文“supermarkets throw outdated bread”和“shelters beg for donations”可知，此处指在当地发生的情况。故选C。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种现象激发了我开展“食物救援”项目——将面包店的剩余食物重新分配给食物银行，并培训年轻人为学校重新利用废弃的家具。A. fuels激发，推动；B. delays延迟；C. replaces取代；D. complicates使复杂化。根据前文“Witnessing global contrasts inspires my resolve:1.3 billion tons of food go bad annually — enough to feed all the hungry — while 800 million starve.”和后文“my Food Rescue project”可知，看到浪费与短缺的对比，促使“我”开展项目。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. regain重新获得；B. remake重制；C. repair修理；D. reuse重新利用。根据后文“deserted furniture for schools”可知，结合“节俭”主题，对废弃家具应是重新利用。故选D。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们这个浪费的时代，节俭已经从个人纪律转变为集体责任。A. strict严格的；B. strong强壮的；C. personal个人的；D. internal内部的。根据前文“Through such acts, thrift becomes social justice.”和后文“to collective duty”并父亲对“我”个人的节俭教育可知，此处指节俭已经从个人纪律转变为集体责任。故选C。 三、阅读理解 Passage A （2026·湖北十堰·三模）Procedure to follow for the presentation of the study plan ● Complete the study plan during the online procedure on the University website, including optional courses, assigned seminars and guided readings. ● Receive confirmation of your study plan on the student’s self-service page. ● Get the Dean’s permission and contact the faculty’s secretariat to register if you are to join a seminar from another faculty.Changes to the study plan ● Any changes that are allowed in advance by the Dean can be made during the period shown in Important Deadlines through the online enrollment and registration procedure. ● Beyond the change period, adding courses requires permission from both the Dean and the Vice-Academic Rector. To do so, the student must email a signed “change courses” form to segreteria@unigre, together with a copy of the fee transfer if required (see Special Fees). ● Course cancellations do not require a fee and can be made at any time of the year with the Dean’s signature alone.Booking / Canceling Exams ● Exam bookings are done exclusively online during the periods shown in the calendar. Students can choose the date and time from available calls. ● If a call is not open, you may request one through the same function; the General Secretariat will organize it upon payment of any fees as required. ● Late bookings are accepted at the Registrar’s Office until the exam minutes are available to teachers, upon payment of an extra fee. ● Operating procedures will be indicated by public notice before each booking period. ● Check the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page for common questions about exams.Other useful information ● Students must attend lectures, seminars, and exercises. ● Credits must be completed as determined by each Faculty’s Statutes and Regulations. ● Accumulating absences equal to one-third of a course’s lessons results in losing the right to take the exam. 1. What is a must if a student adds courses after the change period? A. Get Dean’s permission. B. Email a signed form. C. Pay the due fees first. D. Visit the secretariat. 2. What happens if a student misses 1/3 of a course? A. They have to pay an extra fee. B. They must retake the course. C. They cannot take the exam. D. They lose the course credits. 3. Where is this passage most probably taken from? A. A course textbook. B. A government website. C. A tourist guideline. D. A university webpage. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 【导语】文章主要介绍了大学学习计划的提交流程、变更规则、考试预订与取消以及其他相关信息。 【解析】 1. 细节理解题。根据“Changes to the study plan”部分中“Beyond the change period, adding courses requires permission from both the Dean and the Vice-Academic Rector. To do so, the student must email a signed “change courses” form to segreteria@unigre (在变更期之外，添加课程需要获得院长和副学术校长的许可。为此，学生必须将签名的“更改课程”表格通过电子邮件发送至segreteria@unigre)”可知，学生在变更期后添加课程必须发送签名的表格。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Other useful information”部分中“Accumulating absences equal to one-third of a course’s lessons results in losing the right to take the exam. (缺勤累计达到课程课时三分之一将导致失去参加考试的权利)”可知，学生缺勤达到课程的三分之一就不能参加考试。 3. 推理判断题。通读全文，文章内容涉及大学学习计划、选课、考试等校园事务，并使用“Dean”、“Faculty”、“Registrar’s Office”等大学术语，因此最可能来自大学网页。 Passage B （25-26高三上·福建厦门·阶段检测）In all the time I’ve spent in China, I’ve had my share of emotional crises. I can’t remember which one it was in particular, but I do remember how my adopted “aunt” Li once took care of me, tucking (塞被角) me up in an armchair in her Chengdu apartment, bringing me a cup of green tea, peeling and cutting fruit for me, chatting about unrelated matters as she prepared one of her wonderful Sichuanese suppers. Like many Chinese people, particularly those of the older generation, she didn’t show her love for me by hugging or requesting emotional outpourings, but through food and over-concern. It took me a while to become used to this way of expressing affection. At first I found it brusque and bossy: “Have some porridge! Drink some soup! Put on some more clothes!” But over time I came to understand what it meant. I can always tell, now, when someone Chinese is becoming fond of me because they start to become over-worried about my physical needs, urging me to eat or drink, to wrap up warm, to rest. When serious-faced chef barks at me to have some more baozi for breakfast or Li presses me to have another mouthful of her red-braised pork, I know they are offering me the edible equivalent of a hug. Food in China can mean many things. It is also art and craft and magic. It is the slices of fish that fall like snow from the knife of the chef, the slivers of meat that dance in the shimmering heat of the wok (炒菜锅), the grains of millet or rice that swell in the steamer. It is the employment of armies of microorganisms in the clay vat of jiang (酱菜缸) or the wine jar, the creating of a hundred flavors in a tiny kitchen, the transformation of natural raw materials into numerous forms. It is finding ways to generate delight in everything from a duck’s tongue to the peel of an orange. It is one of the supreme expressions of human wit and creativity. Above all, it is what connects us and makes us human. 4. Why does the writer mention her mental distress at the beginning? A. To compare the difference in two cultures. B. To introduce how Chinese express their love. C. To highlight how fragile the writer used to be. D. To remind readers of the writer’s homesickness. 5. Which of following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “brusque”? A. Abrupt and simple. B. Impolite and bitter. C. Brave and direct. D. Demanding and abusive. 6. How does the writer develop paragraph 3 to further explain her idea? A. By making comparison. B. By offering more examples. C. By analyzing cause and effect. D. By classifying cooking methods. 7. What message does the author intend to convey through the text? A. Every region has its own specialty. B. Food is culture, and culture is food. C. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. D. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文通过作者的经历说明食物即文化，文化即食物. 【解析】 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“In all the time I’ve spent in China, I’ve had my share of emotional crises. (在中国度过的所有时间里，我都经历过情感危机)”及“Like many Chinese people, particularly those of the older generation, she didn’t show her love for me by hugging or requesting emotional outpourings, but through food and over-concern.(像许多中国人，尤其是老一辈的中国人一样，她没有通过拥抱或要求情感宣泄来表达对我的爱，而是通过食物和过度的关心来表达)”可推知，作者在开头提到自己的情感危机是为了引出中国人表达爱的方式，即通过食物和关心来表达情感。故选B项。 5. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It took me a while to become used to this way of expressing affection. (我花了一段时间才习惯这种表达感情的方式)”及下文“bossy(专横的)”和“Have some porridge! Drink some soup! Put on some more clothes!(喝点粥吧！喝点汤！多穿点衣服！)”可知，起初作者觉得这种表达有些粗鲁而专横。由此可知，划线词与Abrupt and simple (唐突而简单)意思接近。故选A项。 6. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Food in China can mean many things. It is also art and craft and magic. It is the slices of fish that fall like snow from the knife of the chef, the slivers of meat that dance in the shimmering heat of the wok (炒菜锅), the grains of millet or rice that swell in the steamer. It is the employment of armies of microorganisms in the clay vat of jiang (酱菜缸) or the wine jar, the creating of a hundred flavors in a tiny kitchen, the transformation of natural raw materials into numerous forms. It is finding ways to generate delight in everything from a duck’s tongue to the peel of an orange. It is one of the supreme expressions of human wit and creativity.(食物在中国意味着很多东西。它也是艺术、工艺和魔法。从厨师的刀锋上像雪一样落下的鱼片，在锅里闪闪发光的热中跳舞的肉片，在蒸笼里膨胀的小米或大米。它是在陶制的酱菜缸或酒缸中大量使用微生物，是在狭小的厨房里创造出一百种口味，是将天然原料转化为多种形式。从鸭子的舌头到橘子皮，它都在寻找让人愉悦的方法。它是人类智慧和创造力的最高表现之一)”可推知，作者通过提供更多的例来进一步解释她的观点。故选B项。 7. 推理判断题。根据第二段“But over time I came to understand what it meant. I can always tell, now, when someone Chinese is becoming fond of me because they start to become over-worried about my physical needs, urging me to eat or drink, to wrap up warm, to rest. When serious-faced chef barks at me to have some more baozi for breakfast or Li presses me to have another mouthful of her red-braised pork, I know they are offering me the edible equivalent of a hug. (但随着时间的推移，我开始明白这是什么意思。现在，我总能感觉到，当一个中国人开始喜欢我的时候，因为他们开始过度担心我的身体需求，催促我吃或喝，穿暖和，休息。当一脸严肃的厨师叫着让我早餐再吃点包子，或者李逼着我再吃一口她的红烧肉时，我知道他们给了我一个可食用的拥抱)”及第三段“Food in China can mean many things. It is also art and craft and magic. (食物在中国意味着很多东西。它也是艺术、工艺和魔法)”和最后一段“Above all, it is what connects us and makes us human. (最重要的是，它将我们联系在一起，使我们成为人类)”可推知，作者通过文章传达的信息是食物即文化，文化即食物，强调食物在文化中的重要性和连接性。故选B项。 Passage C （26-27高三上·江苏常州·阶段检测）A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 8. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A. Draw their outlines. B. Give each piece a rating. C. Compare their prices. D. Make a copy of each piece. 9. Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B. Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C. Control group, with an artistic hobby. D. Control group, without an artistic hobby. 10. Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A. To discover their attitudes towards art. B. To identify their specific thinking patterns. C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D. To determine factors behind the test results. 11. What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A. It enhances emotional ties. B. It needs critical thinking skills. C. It creates positive feelings. D. It encourages abstract thinking. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D 【导语】主要介绍剑桥心理学家开展对照实验，对比单纯观赏艺术品和主动评判美感分别带来的认知影响，并解读实验结论：主动欣赏艺术之美能够促进抽象思维，让人跳出具体、狭隘的思维方式。 【解析】 8. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. (参与者被随机分成两组：“美感组”被要求主动思考，然后为他们所观看的每一件物品的美感打分，而对照组只是把物品的线条图和这件艺术品实物进行配对。)”可知，美感组要为每件作品打分评级。 9. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. (在那些人当中，效果更加显著：美感组中有艺术爱好的受试者，其抽象思维平均分比对照组中有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上。)”以及第四段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. (在所有受试者中，审美组受试者所报告的 “蜕变感与自我超越感”（诸如感动、豁然开朗、备受鼓舞这类情绪）平均水平，比对照组高出23%。)”可知，拥有艺术爱好的美感组成员测试平均分最高。 10. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. (研究人员还通过询问受试者在参观美术馆任务过程中的内心感受，测评了他们的情绪状态。在全部受试者里，美感组汇报的“蜕变感与自我超越感”（例如心生触动、豁然开悟、备受鼓舞等感受）平均分值，比对照组高出23%。但关键的一点是，美感组并未表示自己比对照组更快乐。这就说明，是对美的感知体验影响了抽象思维能力，而非这段经历带来的整体积极情绪在起作用。)”可知，研究者通过检测情绪，排除了积极情绪干扰，找到了造成两组测试分数差距的真实原因，也就是确定测试结果背后的影响因素。 11. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. (剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，旨在比较仅仅观看艺术作品与主动评判其美感所产生的认知效应。)”；第三段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. (在所有参与者中，美感组的抽象思维平均分比对照组高出近 14%。)”以及第五段中的“Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.(欣赏艺术之美或许是启动抽象认知过程的理想途径。)”可知，实验全程数据都体现出主动品鉴艺术美感可以提升抽象思维得分，研究者最终也证实欣赏艺术能够启动抽象认知过程，因此推断欣赏艺术之美促进抽象思维。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 名词性从句 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 4 拔高·模拟预测 9 真题·命题感知 1.（2026·全国I卷·高考真题阅读B篇改编）I decided __________ I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. 解题方法 一、解题核心逻辑（两步走） 第一步：确定从句类型---先看空格所在的从句在整个句子中充当什么成分： 从句位置 从句类型 标志词（前面是什么） 主语位置（谓语动词前） 主语从句 无特殊标志，看谓语 宾语位置（及物动词/介词后） 宾语从句 及物动词（decide / know / say）或介词（about / of） 表语位置（系动词后） 表语从句 be动词 / look / seem / remain等系动词 同位语位置（抽象名词后） 同位语从句 fact / news / idea / hope等抽象名词 第二步：分析从句内部成分---这是最关键的一步——看空格在从句中是否充当成分。 情况 引导词选择 举例 从句完整（主谓宾齐全） that / whether / if（是否） I know that he is right. 从句缺主语/宾语/表语 what / who / which / whoever等（连接代词） I don’t know what he said.（said缺宾语） 从句完整但缺状语（时间/地点/原因/方式） when / where / why / how（连接副词） I wonder where he lives.（lives缺地点状语） 表示“是否” whether / if（宾语从句可用if，其他情况用whether） I don’t know whether / if he will come. 二、高频考点速查表（考试必备） 引导词 在从句中充当的成分 特殊说明 that 不作任何成分 只起连接作用，不可省略（除宾语从句外） whether / if 不作任何成分 表示“是否”，if只用于宾语从句 what 主语/宾语/表语 指物，意为“……的事情/东西” who 主语/宾语/表语 指人，意为“……的人” which 主语/宾语/定语 表示“哪一个”，有选择范围 whose 定语 表示“谁的”，后面接名词 when / where / why / how 状语（时间/地点/原因/方式） 从句必须完整，缺状语时才用 2.（2026·全国I卷·高考真题阅读D篇改编）It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s ___________ we think in ways that broaden our minds. 解题方法 一、核心判断逻辑（三步法） 第一步：确认是名词性从句 先看空格所在从句在整个句子中充当什么成分（主语/宾语/表语/同位语），确认是名词性从句。 第二步：检查从句是否完整 如果从句缺主语/宾语/表语 →用连接代词（what/who/which等） 如果从句完整（主谓宾齐全）→进入第三步 第三步：看缺什么状语 从句完整但意思不完整，需要补充状语时，根据语义选择对应的连接副词：when, where, why, how。 二、4个连接副词的具体判断方法 ① when —— 看动作发生的时间 判断信号：从句谓语动词本身需要一个时间点或时间段来让句意完整。 常见语境：时间点、时刻、季节、年代等。 ② where —— 看动作发生的地点 判断信号：从句谓语动词需要一个地点来让句意完整。 常见语境：居住、放置、发生等需要地点的动作。 ③ why —— 看动作发生的原因 判断信号：从句语义上需要一个理由或原因来让句意完整。 常见语境：解释原因、理由、结果等。 ④ how —— 看动作发生的方式/程度/状态 判断信号：从句需要一个方式、方法、程度或状态来让句意完整。 常见语境：方法、手段、程度（how many / much）、状态（how + 形容词）。 3. (2025年1月·高考英语浙江卷真题语法填空改编) Customers today look past the fact _________ something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact _________ they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill. 解题方法 判断从句是否为同位语从句，主要有以下三条核心规则： 规则一：看位置和完整性。空格前必须是抽象名词(如fact、news、idea等)，且空格后的从句必须是完整句(主谓宾齐全)。如果从句不完整，就是定语从句，不是同位语从句。 规则二：默认填that。只要满足规则一的条件，且从句不需要补充“是否”或时间、地点、原因、方式等状语，一律填 that。that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。 规则三：特殊情况换词。从句完整但意思需要“是否”时，填whether (绝不能用if)。从句完整但缺少时间、地点、原因、方式状语时，分别填when, where, why, how。 进阶·强化演练 考点01 名词性从句中连接词的选择 1.【新情境·利用纸质词典学单词】（26-27高三上·江苏常州·阶段检测阅读改编）I decided _________ I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. 2.（25-26高三下·江苏无锡·阶段检测阅读改编）The truly privileged may be those whose parents and teachers know _________ they should turn it off. 3.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测阅读改编）It didn’t take me long to figure out _________ the problem lay. I had stocked my shelves with classic novels and poetry I cherished, yet they failed to meet the needs of local residents. 4.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测阅读改编）It also evolved as a survival trait: fitting in with a group helps people gain support and avoid danger. In daily life, this explains _________ couples or close friends gradually adopt similar speech habits or gestures. 5.（25-26高三上·福建厦门·阶段检测阅读改编）I can’t remember which one it was in particular, but I do remember _________ my adopted “aunt” Li once took care of me, tucking (塞被角) me up in an armchair in her Chengdu apartment, bringing me a cup of green tea, peeling and cutting fruit for me, chatting about unrelated matters as she prepared one of her wonderful Sichuanese suppers. 6.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测阅读改编）Because AI users were usually satisfied with their answer after only one question or prompt (提示), accepting the answer without further checking or confirmation, they can be said to have engaged in _________ Robin Welsch, an Aalto University computer scientist, calls “cognitive (认知) offloading” — exploring the question with reduced reflection, and approaching it in a more “shallow” way. 7.（25-26高三上·福建福州·阶段检测阅读改编）Consider what philosophers call the metaphysics (形而上学) of race — an area of philosophy that explores the question of _________ or not race is real. 8.（2026·福建泉州·三模阅读改编）By understanding how it works and learning to recognize it in ourselves, we can make fairer decisions and build a more accurate picture of _________ we really are. 9.（2026·湖北十堰·三模阅读改编）His dad said, “_________ matters to me is that you learned something about value and self-worth. You see — you just like that watch — possess value.” 10.（25-26高三下·福建厦门·阶段检测完形改编）Yet it is never too late to make a choice: follow your heart, live fully, love deeply and become __________ you are meant to be. 考点02 名词性从句的时态呼应 1.（2026·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The conversation explored why people read, how eclectic books in one’s youth can shape a lifetime, how young graduates can find direction amid uncertainty, and whether close, careful reading still __________ (matter) now that AI can produce written works. 2.（2026·江苏苏州·三模）The experiment, which focuses on space medicine, aims to study how long-term space travel __________ (affect) the human body. 3.（25-26高三下·湖北宜昌·阶段检测）It was believed that we could judge a person’s integrity and wisdom by what naturally __________ (flow) from their brush. 4.（25-26高三上·广东广州·期末）The popularity shows how ice and snow resources __________ (transform) into cultural tourism highlights. 考点03 名词性从句中的形式主语/宾语 1.（2027·江苏南京·一模阅读改编）The more I researched, the clearer __________ became that American children’s experiences with food in the past were full of pleasure. 2.（2026·浙江宁波·模拟预测阅读改编）__________ is universally acknowledged that China has made remarkable achievements in space exploration. 3.（2026·江苏苏州·三模阅读改编）We think __________ highly beneficial that students participate in voluntary activities. 4.（25-26高三下·湖北宜昌·阶段检测阅读改编）I would appreciate __________ if you could help me with this problem. 考点04 名词性从句vs定语从句 1.（2026·山东·三模）The historical significance of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region lies in its position along the Silk Road, the ancient network of routes __________ connected China to Central Asia and beyond. 2.（2026·福建泉州·三模）Why is this so important? At a time __________ some nations are creating more trade barriers, China is opening a huge door wider. 3.（25-26高三下·福建龙岩·阶段检测）On the shores of the Bohai Sea __________ the winding Yellow River empties into the ocean, Dongying’s landscape has been shaped by an unusual geographical legacy. 4.（25-26高三下·山东·月考）I also felt a sense of fulfillment with the understanding we all remain the same even if we may be born with certain physical limitations. 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 Passage 1 【新情境·中喀文化交流】（25-26高三下·山东·月考） In a martial arts club in Yaounde’s Mimboman neighborhood, the steady beat of feet and sharp shouts fill the room as 1 (score) of students mirror the fluent, forceful movements of their instructor, Martin Mangwandjo. Beneath the bright sun, the 29-year-old moves with confidence and ease, 2 relying on walking sticks due to a congenital (先天性的) disease. Over the years, for him, Chinese martial arts 3 (be) more than a physical practice. Martin’s passion began in childhood, sparked by 4 unexpected encounter with Chinese culture through martial arts films 5 (feature) legends like Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan. Through persistence and self-training, his confidence grew. His journey took a 6 (decide) turn during a performance in which with his skill and determination, he 7 (impress) a visiting Chinese martial arts master Xiao who offered to train him personally and taught him many aspects of Chinese culture like traditional Chinese medicine, kung fu, and tai chi. Over time, Martin’s understanding of martial arts deepened. “I found in martial arts a certain power, a certain physical strength I could employ 8 (defend) myself in any dangerous situation,” he said. “I also felt a sense of fulfillment with the understanding 9 we all remain the same even if we may be born with certain physical limitations.” More than a practitioner, Martin now sees himself as a “cultural ambassador”. “My wish is to see many Africans and Cameroonians, even those with disabilities like myself, take an interest in Chinese culture and Chinese martial arts in particular, 10 I have found a source of moral strength that enabled me to overcome any situation or difficulty in life,” he said. Passage 2 （2026·湖南衡阳·一模） In many Asian, African and Latin American cultures, 1 (extend) eye contact is impolite and it is thought of 2 an offensive or a challenge of authority. It is considered politer to have brief eye contact, especially between people of different social status (like a student and a teacher, or a child and his elder relatives). For example, if a Japanese woman avoids looking someone in the eye, she is not showing a lack of interest nor is 3 (she) showing a lack of confidence. Instead, she 4 (be) polite, respectful and appropriate according to her culture. So in many of these cultures, you should take care of 5 kind of eye contact you initiate with those who are your 6 (superior) or in authority over you, so that you are not thought to be 7 (respect) or rude. As you can see, it is vital for you to know what eye contact communicates before you visit a new culture. Before you travel, you can either look up relevant information in your local public library 8 check out a book about the culture of the country you plan to visit in a bookstore. Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language 9 (flexible) so that you 10 (perceive) to be polite, and so that you can better connect with people who are foreign to you! 二、完形填空 （25-26高三上·福建莆田·期中） My father’s thrift (节俭) philosophy shaped my youth. Unlike peers receiving pocket money, I never got a penny — not from cruelty, but to build 1 . Each morning, he’d note, “Mrs. Wilson needs her garden weeded; Mr. Carter requires help 2 bottles.” I earned coins through 3 work in the neighborhood; sweeping leaves, shoveling snow and planting trees. Savings filled the tin under my bed, its weight showing my growing 4 . Though he occasionally borrowed for emergencies (a flat tire or a medical bill), 5 was exact and timely. When I lost two months’ earnings in a(n) 6 lemonade business, his only words were, “Live and learn.” At twelve, I considered this cruel; at thirty, I 7 its wisdom — true lessons grow through doing. Modern thrift education 8 saving, but ignores its key point: earning. Father believed “earned coins teach value; given coins generate greed” — a truth wealthy families overlook while 9 thrift. By delivering papers at dawn and mowing lawns at dusk, I learned that true thrift is a triad (三位一体) — earn through 10 , save with intention, spend with care. This trio, 11 in classrooms, roots in blistered (起水泡的) hands and difficult situations. 12 , supermarkets throw outdated bread (still eatable) as shelters beg for donations. Witnessing global contrasts inspires my resolve: 1.3 billion tons of food go bad annually — enough to feed all the hungry — while 800 million starve. This phenomenon 13 my Food Rescue project — redirecting bakery remains to food banks and training youth to 14 deserted furniture for schools. Through such acts, thrift becomes social justice. As Father said, “Earning teaches respect for resources.” In our wasteful era, thrift transforms from 15 discipline to collective duty. 1. A. self-control B. self-reliance C. self-improvement D. self-defense 2. A. breaking B. making C. delivering D. sorting 3. A. seasonal B. permanent C. dangerous D. voluntary 4. A. doubt B. fear C. pride D. respect 5. A. punishment B. repayment C. investment D. donation 6. A. failed B. expanding C. illegal D. profitable 7. A. ignore B. forget C. question D. value 8. A. gives up on B. focuses on C. benefits from D. moves beyond 9. A. opposing B. neglecting C. advocating D. realizing 10. A. labor B. creativity C. skills D. talents 11. A. understandable B. unteachable C. popular     D. boring 12. A. Accidentally B. Occasionally C. Locally D. Temporarily 13. A. fuels B. delays C. replaces D. complicates 14. A. regain B. remake C. repair D. reuse 15. A. strict B. strong C. personal D. internal 三、阅读理解 Passage A （2026·湖北十堰·三模）Procedure to follow for the presentation of the study plan ● Complete the study plan during the online procedure on the University website, including optional courses, assigned seminars and guided readings. ● Receive confirmation of your study plan on the student’s self-service page. ● Get the Dean’s permission and contact the faculty’s secretariat to register if you are to join a seminar from another faculty.Changes to the study plan ● Any changes that are allowed in advance by the Dean can be made during the period shown in Important Deadlines through the online enrollment and registration procedure. ● Beyond the change period, adding courses requires permission from both the Dean and the Vice-Academic Rector. To do so, the student must email a signed “change courses” form to segreteria@unigre, together with a copy of the fee transfer if required (see Special Fees). ● Course cancellations do not require a fee and can be made at any time of the year with the Dean’s signature alone.Booking / Canceling Exams ● Exam bookings are done exclusively online during the periods shown in the calendar. Students can choose the date and time from available calls. ● If a call is not open, you may request one through the same function; the General Secretariat will organize it upon payment of any fees as required. ● Late bookings are accepted at the Registrar’s Office until the exam minutes are available to teachers, upon payment of an extra fee. ● Operating procedures will be indicated by public notice before each booking period. ● Check the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page for common questions about exams.Other useful information ● Students must attend lectures, seminars, and exercises. ● Credits must be completed as determined by each Faculty’s Statutes and Regulations. ● Accumulating absences equal to one-third of a course’s lessons results in losing the right to take the exam. 1. What is a must if a student adds courses after the change period? A. Get Dean’s permission. B. Email a signed form. C. Pay the due fees first. D. Visit the secretariat. 2. What happens if a student misses 1/3 of a course? A. They have to pay an extra fee. B. They must retake the course. C. They cannot take the exam. D. They lose the course credits. 3. Where is this passage most probably taken from? A. A course textbook. B. A government website. C. A tourist guideline. D. A university webpage. Passage B （25-26高三上·福建厦门·阶段检测）In all the time I’ve spent in China, I’ve had my share of emotional crises. I can’t remember which one it was in particular, but I do remember how my adopted “aunt” Li once took care of me, tucking (塞被角) me up in an armchair in her Chengdu apartment, bringing me a cup of green tea, peeling and cutting fruit for me, chatting about unrelated matters as she prepared one of her wonderful Sichuanese suppers. Like many Chinese people, particularly those of the older generation, she didn’t show her love for me by hugging or requesting emotional outpourings, but through food and over-concern. It took me a while to become used to this way of expressing affection. At first I found it brusque and bossy: “Have some porridge! Drink some soup! Put on some more clothes!” But over time I came to understand what it meant. I can always tell, now, when someone Chinese is becoming fond of me because they start to become over-worried about my physical needs, urging me to eat or drink, to wrap up warm, to rest. When serious-faced chef barks at me to have some more baozi for breakfast or Li presses me to have another mouthful of her red-braised pork, I know they are offering me the edible equivalent of a hug. Food in China can mean many things. It is also art and craft and magic. It is the slices of fish that fall like snow from the knife of the chef, the slivers of meat that dance in the shimmering heat of the wok (炒菜锅), the grains of millet or rice that swell in the steamer. It is the employment of armies of microorganisms in the clay vat of jiang (酱菜缸) or the wine jar, the creating of a hundred flavors in a tiny kitchen, the transformation of natural raw materials into numerous forms. It is finding ways to generate delight in everything from a duck’s tongue to the peel of an orange. It is one of the supreme expressions of human wit and creativity. Above all, it is what connects us and makes us human. 4. Why does the writer mention her mental distress at the beginning? A. To compare the difference in two cultures. B. To introduce how Chinese express their love. C. To highlight how fragile the writer used to be. D. To remind readers of the writer’s homesickness. 5. Which of following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “brusque”? A. Abrupt and simple. B. Impolite and bitter. C. Brave and direct. D. Demanding and abusive. 6. How does the writer develop paragraph 3 to further explain her idea? A. By making comparison. B. By offering more examples. C. By analyzing cause and effect. D. By classifying cooking methods. 7. What message does the author intend to convey through the text? A. Every region has its own specialty. B. Food is culture, and culture is food. C. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. D. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. Passage C （26-27高三上·江苏常州·阶段检测）A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 8. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A. Draw their outlines. B. Give each piece a rating. C. Compare their prices. D. Make a copy of each piece. 9. Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B. Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C. Control group, with an artistic hobby. D. Control group, without an artistic hobby. 10. Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A. To discover their attitudes towards art. B. To identify their specific thinking patterns. C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D. To determine factors behind the test results. 11. What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A. It enhances emotional ties. B. It needs critical thinking skills. C. It creates positive feelings. D. It encourages abstract thinking. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 名词性从句 参考答案 真题·命题感知 1.that 2. when 3. that, that 进阶·强化演练 考点01 名词性从句中连接词的选择 1.that 2.when 3.where 4.why 5.how 6.what 7.whether 8.who 9.What 10.who 考点02 名词性从句的时态呼应 1.matters 2.affects 3.flows 4.are transforming 考点03 名词性从句中的形式主语/宾语 1.it 2.It 3.it 4.it 考点04 名词性从句vs定语从句 1.that / which 2.when 3.where 4.that 拔高·模拟预测 一、语法填空 Passage 1 1. scores 2. despite 3. have been 4. an 5. featuring 6. decisive 7. impressed 8. to defend 9. that 10. where Passage 2 1. extended 2. as 3. she 4. is being 5. what 6. superiors 7. disrespectful 8. or 9. flexibly 10. are perceived 二、完形填空 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C 三、阅读理解 Passage 1 1. B 2. C 3. D 2. Passage 2 3. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 4. Passage 3 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $