内容正文:
B1U4 Friends Forever 知识清单
I. 派生词
familiar adj. 熟悉的→unfamiliar (adj.) 不熟悉的
adventure n. 历险(经历),奇遇→misadventure (n.) 灾难,不幸遭遇→adventurous (adj.)爱冒险的;大胆的→adventurer (n.)冒险家
prefer v. 更喜欢,宁愿→preference (n.) 偏爱;爱好
deliver v. 递送,传送,发表→delivery (n.) 投递
advance n./ v.进步,进展→advanced (adj.) 提前的;先进的;高级的
significantly adv. 重大地,显著地→significant adj.重大的,显著的→insignificant (adj.)无关紧要的→significance (n. )意义;重要性
maintain v. 保持,维持→maintainable (adj.) 可维持的→maintenance (n.) 维护,维修
enable v. 使可能,使发生→able(adj.)能够的;有能力的;有才干的→unable (adj.)不能的→disabled (adj.)残疾的,有缺陷的→ability (n.)能力
tend v. 易于/趋向做某事→tendency(n.)趋势
criminal n. 罪犯adj.犯罪的→crime (n.)犯罪 (v.) 控告
acquire v. 获得,得到→acquisition(n.)获得,得到
prove v. 证明,证实→proof (n.)证据
illustrate v.说明,阐明;画插画→illustration(n.) 例证,插图
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的→inspire (v.)激励,鼓舞;启发;给……灵感→inspired (adj.)受到鼓舞的→inspiration (n.)灵感,鼓舞
comfort n./v. 安慰,慰藉→discomfort(n.)不适 (v.)使不安→comfortable (adj.)舒适的→uncomfortable (adj.)不舒服的
patience n. 耐心→patient (adj.) 耐心的(n.)病人→impatient (adj.)不耐烦的→impatience (n.) 不耐烦
passion n.强烈的情感,激情→passionate(adj.)狂热的;具有强烈信念的
generosity n. 慷慨,大方→generous(adj.)慷慨的,大方的
humour n. 幽默感→humorous (adj.) 幽默的→humourless(adj.)缺少幽默感的
anxious adj. 焦虑的,不安的→ anxiety (n.)焦虑;渴望
distance v. 使与……保持距离 n. 距离→distant(adj.)遥远的,疏远的
ordinary adj. 普通的,平常的→extraordinary (adj.) 超凡脱俗的,杰出的→ordinarily (adv.) 平常地
dine v. 进餐→dining (n.)吃饭,进餐→diner (n.)用餐者, 小餐馆→dinner (n.)晚餐
fortune n.巨款;命运; 运气→fortunate (adj.)幸运的→unfortunate (adj.)不幸的
destiny n. 命运→destine (v.)注定;命定→destined (adj.)注定的
correspond v. 通信→correspondence (n.) 通信→corresponding (adj.) 相应的,相关的
appointed adj. 约定的,指定的→appoint(v.)指派,任命;约定→appointment(n.)约会,约定;任命
bitterly adv. 痛苦地,愤恨地→bitter (adj.) 味苦的;痛苦的;激烈的;严寒的→bitterness (n.)苦味
ashamed adj. 不好意思,难为情的→shame (n.)羞耻(v.)使惭愧→shameful (adj.)可耻的;不体面的→shameless (adj.)无耻的
unfold v.打开→fold (v.) 折叠→folder(n.) 文件夹
location n. 地点,位置→locate (v.)使...坐落于;地位→ located(adj)坐落的
surroundings n. 周围的事物,环境→surrounding (adj.)周围的→surround (v.)围绕,环绕
personality n.个性,性格→person(n.)个人→personal(adj.) 个人的
II. 词汇拓展
*sb. be familiar with sth. 某人对某物熟悉(人做主语用with)
*sth. be familiar to sb.某物对某人来说是熟悉的(物做主语用to)
*prefer A to B 喜欢A胜过B
*prefer doing A to doing B =prefer to do A rather than do B=would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A而不愿意做B
*keep track of与……保持联系;了解……的动态 *keep/stay in touch (with)保持联系
*lose touch (with)失去联系
*deliver sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 *deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲
*in advance 提前;预先 *make an advance in (doing) sth. 在某方面取得进步
*enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
*be able to do sth. 有能力做某事
*tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事;常常会做某事
*prove to be/turn out to be 结果是,证明为
*inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
*pour in 大量地涌入,倾倒 *pour out 倾吐;诉说 *pour sth. into sth. 把...倒入…里
*be patient with sb. 对某人耐心 *be patient of sth. 忍受/忍耐某事
*lose patience with 对...失去耐心 *with patience=patiently 耐心地
*have a passion for 酷爱... *be passionate about sth. 酷爱...
*with anxiety=anxiously焦虑地 *be anxious about sth. 对某事焦虑
*be anxious for sb.为某人感到担心 *be anxious to do sth. 急于/渴望做某事
*in the distance 在远处 *keep distance with ...与...保持距离
*postpone sth./doing sth. 推迟某事/做某事
*drag...out of...将...从...处拉出来 *drag on 拖延
*correspond with sb. 与某人通信 *correspond with/to sth. 与……相符/一致
*appoint sb. as 任命某人为 *make an appointment 预约;约会
* be struck by...被击中/被打动 * It strikes sb. that=It occurs to sb. that某人突然想到
*be ashamed of 为...惭愧/羞愧
*in person=personally 亲自 * personally speaking 就我个人而言
*be located in/on 坐落于;位于
*be surrounded with/by… 被...环绕
III.语法知识点——定语从句
一、定语从句的概述
定义
在主从复合句中, 用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句
结构公式
名词/代词+关系词+句子=定语从句
先行词
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词
关系词
关系代词 who; whom; whose; which; that; as
关系副词 when; where; why
分类
可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 关系词的选择四字原则:瞻前顾后
瞻前:看先行词是人还是物
顾后:关系词在从句中充当的成分(从句缺少什么成分就做什么成分)
2. 关系代词只用that而不用which的情况
①当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
②当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
③当先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。
④先行词中既有人又有物时。
⑤当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时, 为避免重复而用that。
⑥当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
3. 关系代词用which不用that的情况
①引导非限定性定语从句(人: who; 物: which);
②当关系词前面有介词时(人: whom; 物: which);
③先行词本身是that, those时.
4. 关系代词用who不用that的情况
1.先行词是one, ones, anyone, someone, those等指人的代词时只能用who。
2.在there be结构中,且先行词是人时。
三、关系副词引导的定语从句(关系副词=介词+关系代词)
关系副词
先行词
功能
when=in/at/on which
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where=on/during/in which
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why=for which
表示原因的名词
原因状语
1. 关系词的选择四字原则:瞻前顾后
瞻前:看先行词是时间,地点还是原因
顾后:句子成分已经完整,关系词在从句中充当状语
2. 抽象地点/时间名词
常见抽象地点的先行词:point, situation, case, stage, scene, activity, condition, race, platform, policy, environment等,其后面的定语从句常用where引导
常见抽象时间的先行词:period, occasion, stage, interval, stay等,其后面的定语从句常用when引导。
IV. 重点句型
1. 重点句子翻译
1. How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends?
【译文】如果搬到一个新的城镇意味着与朋友失去联系,你会作何感想?
【重点句型及短语】
*How do/will you feel if/when+句子
当/如果…你会觉得怎样?
*mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 想做某事
*lose track of 失去联系
2. What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered?
【译文】如果只有通过写信和漫长的等待才能得知远方朋友的消息,你会怎样?
【重点句型及短语】
*What if…? 如果……怎么办? /如果……将会怎样?
*take some time to do sth.=spend time doing sth 花时间做某事
3.Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.
【译文】然而,得益于技术的进步,我们结交朋友和与朋友沟通的方式发生了很大的变化。
【重点句型及短语】
*communicate with sb. 和某人交流
*thanks to 多亏
4. Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.
【译文】通过社交媒体工具,我们能了解朋友所做之事、维持彼此间的友谊。
【重点句型及短语】
*make/have/let sb. do 让某人做某事
*be up to (doing) sth.=be busy (in) doing sth./be busy with sth. 忙于做某事
*maintain friendships维持友谊
5. The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument.
【译文】数字时代还可以帮我们找到志趣相投的人——例如收集汽车模型或演奏不寻常的乐器。
【重点句型及短语】
*the digital age数字时代
*enables sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
*share our interests有共同的兴趣爱好
6. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.
【译文】不管我们的爱好是什么,我们都能在网上结识同好,哪怕他们生活在世界的另一端。
【重点句型及短语】
*让步状语从句:whatever= no matter what 无论是什么
①Wherever/No matter where you go (无论你去哪里), I will go with you.
②Whatever/No matter what you do (无论你做什么), I will support you.
③Whenever/No matter when she comes (无论她什么时候来), she brings a friend.
*connect A with B 把A和B联系起来
*even if即使,虽然
*on the other side在另一边
7. But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.
【译文】但是我们需要谨记,我们在社交媒体上看到的,往往不是一个人的全部真面目
【重点句型及短语】
*keep in mind that记住…
8. On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.
【译文】在社交网站上,人们倾向于只发布正面的信息,这些信息使他们看起来幸福和友好。
【重点句型及短语】
*tend to do 易于做,往往会做
9. Although technology had changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and longing for friends remain the same.
【译文】尽管技术已经改变了我们结交朋友的方式, 友情的意义和我们对友谊的渴望依然不变。
【重点句型及短语】
*long for渴望
*remain the same保持不变
10. As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.
【译文】正如亚里士多德所说:没有人会选择没有朋友的生活,哪怕他拥有其他所有财富。
【重点句型及短语】
*as sb. said正如某人所说
*choose to do选择做...
*even if即使,虽然
11. The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.
【译文】第二天早晨我准备动身前往西部发财。
【重点句型及短语】
*be to do结构 表“将要做某事”
*the next morning第二天
*start for动身前往某处
*make one’s fortune发财
12. You couldn’t have dragged Jimmy out of New York; he thought it was the only place on earth.
【译文】你不可能把吉米从纽约拖走; 他认为纽约是地球上唯一的地方。
【重点句型及短语】
*couldn’t have done表示过去不可能做过某事(否定推测),对过去某个行为或事件的否定,强调某事不可能发生
* drag... out of 从……中硬拉
13. But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive, for he always was the truest, staunchest old chap in the world.
【译文】不过我知道吉米如果还活着, 会来这里见我的, 因为他一直是世界上最忠实最可靠的老朋友。
【重点句型及短语】
*for后面可以接原因状语从句
14. You see, the West is a pretty big proposition, and I kept hustling around over it pretty lively.
【译文】你知道,西部很大,我不停地四处奔波、忙东忙西。
【重点句型及短语】
* a pretty big proposition一个相当大的地产
* keep hustling一直拼命做,忙碌
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