专题02 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦12个高考高频词汇，通过“语境串记语篇”构建故事化记忆链，结合词根拆解、词性变化总表系统梳理考点，引导学生从语篇语境出发自主关联词汇用法与考点，形成结构化知识网络。 亮点在于自主学习活动设计，如语法填空（真题改编）、知识点默写、关联阅读（覆盖目标词汇）及自我检测（复述记忆链），培养语言能力与学习能力。学生可通过练习诊断薄弱点，教师依托学情数据精准指导，助力个性化复习与因材施教。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：debt / pace / rarely / rejection / nevertheless / criticism / guarantee / outcome / worthwhile / enthusiastic / upset / permanent （知识点来源：选修一 Unit 2 · Onwards and upwards + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________ 姓名:____________ 班级:____________ 座号:____________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Two years ago, my cousin Lucy decided to become a writer. She sent her first novel to twelve publishers, and all twelve sent back rejection letters. Nevertheless, she refused to give up. She did not stop writing, and she never complained about the slow pace of her progress. She borrowed money to print her own drafts, and the growing debt did not frighten her. She believed that every "no" brought her closer to a yes, and that the whole struggle was worthwhile even though nothing in life comes with a guarantee. During those two years, Lucy rarely had a free evening, because she spent every spare hour improving her stories. When her teacher criticised her first draft, she was upset for a whole day, but then she thanked him for his honest criticism and rewrote the entire book. Her enthusiasm never faded, and she remained enthusiastic about every new idea. At last, a small publisher accepted her novel. The outcome surprised everyone: the book became a best-seller. She says that no failure is permanent if you keep moving, and that the scars of rejection are the medals of a writer. 【中文译文】 两年前，我的表姐露西决定成为一名作家。她把第一部小说寄给十二家出版社，全部十二家都寄回了退稿信（rejection）。然而（nevertheless），她拒绝放弃。她没有停止写作，也从不抱怨自己进步的步伐（pace）太慢。她借钱印刷自己的手稿，不断增加的债务（debt）并没有吓倒她。她相信每一声"不"都让她离"是"更近一步，而且整个奋斗过程都是值得的（worthwhile），尽管生活中没有任何东西自带保证（guarantee）。 那两年里，露西很少有（rarely）空闲的夜晚，因为她把每一刻闲暇都用来打磨故事。当老师批评（criticism）她的初稿时，她难过（upset）了一整天，但随后她感谢老师的坦诚批评，并重写了整本书。她的热情从未消退，对每一个新点子都保持热忱（enthusiastic）。终于，一家小出版社接受了她的作品。结果（outcome）出乎所有人意料：这本书成了畅销书。她说，只要你不断前进，就没有永远的（permanent）失败；被拒绝留下的伤疤，正是作家的勋章。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：露西想当作家→收到12封退稿信→然而不放弃→不抱怨进步慢→借钱印稿→债务吓不倒她→奋斗值得→生活无保证→很少有空闲→被批评难过→感谢批评重写→保持热情→结局出人意料→畅销书→没有永远的失败→伤疤是勋章 记忆链：rejection → nevertheless → pace → debt → worthwhile → guarantee → rarely → upset → criticism → enthusiastic → outcome → permanent Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 debt /det/ n. 债务，欠款 ⚡考点：in debt 负债；pay off the debt 还清债务；be deeply in debt 债台高筑；debtor n. 债务人 2 pace /peɪs/ n. 速度，步伐 v. 踱步 ⚡考点：at one's own pace 按自己的节奏；keep pace with 跟上…的步伐；the pace of life 生活节奏 3 rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 很少，难得 ⚡考点：rarely置于句首句子要部分倒装；rarely = seldom 很少；rare adj. 稀有的 4 rejection /rɪˈdʒekʃn/ n. 拒绝，退稿；拒绝信 ⚡考点：rejection letter 退稿信；face rejection 面对拒绝；reject v. 拒绝；rejected adj. 被拒绝的 5 nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/ adv. 然而，尽管如此 ⚡考点：nevertheless = however = nonetheless 然而；常置于句首或句中作插入语 6 criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ n. 批评，指责；评论 ⚡考点：accept/face criticism 接受/面对批评；criticise v. 批评；critical adj. 批评的；关键的 7 guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ v. 保证，担保 n. 保证；保修单 ⚡考点：guarantee to do 保证做；guarantee sth. 保证某事；under guarantee 在保修期内 8 outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果，结局 ⚡考点：the outcome of …的结果；a positive outcome 积极的结果；outcome = result 结果 9 worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ adj. 值得做的，值得花时间的 ⚡考点：It is worthwhile to do/doing 做…是值得的；worthwhile = worth doing 10 enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的，热心的 ⚡考点：be enthusiastic about 对…充满热情；enthusiasm n. 热情；enthusiast n. 爱好者 11 upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 难过的，沮丧的 v. 使不安；打翻 ⚡考点：be upset about/at 对…难过；upsetting adj. 令人难过的 12 permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的，长期的 ⚡考点：a permanent job 固定工作；permanent memory 永久记忆；permanently adv. 永久地；反义temporary 暂时的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. debt /det/ n. 债务，欠款 【核心考点】 debt是说明文与记叙文的高频名词。用法要点：①债务，欠款——be in debt（负债）、be deeply in debt（债台高筑）、pay off the debt（还清债务）；②人情债——owe sb. a debt of gratitude（欠某人一份感激之情）；③get/run into debt（陷入债务）。注意：debt中b不发音。派生词：debtor n. 债务人。辨析：debt（债务）vs loan（贷款）vs bill（账单）vs fine（罚款）。写作金句：Hard work is the fastest way to clear one's debt（努力工作是还清债务最快的途径）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语debere"欠"（de-"离开"+habere"持有"→把东西拿离自己→欠）→ debitum"所欠之物"→ 债务。联想：de"离开"+bit→ debt（欠出去的东西→债务）、debit（借记→欠账）、duty（责任→欠下的义务）、double（两倍）。记住：de + bt = 欠出去的东西。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：debt还可引申为"（应尽的）义务，人情"，如I owe you a debt of thanks（我欠你一份谢意）。此义中常见owe sb. a debt of gratitude/thanks搭配。 【真题原句】 （2020·天津卷·阅读表达·debt 名词作主语）"The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home."（我们生命中最美好最幸福的岁月，不是当所有债务都还清、所有艰难都过去、我们安顿在舒适家园里的时候。）（真题原句·debt 债务） 【搭配词块】 be in debt 负债 / pay off the debt 还清债务 / get into debt 陷入债务 / owe a debt of gratitude 欠感激之情 2. pace /peɪs/ n. 速度，步伐 v. 踱步 【核心考点】 pace是说明文与记叙文的高频名词。用法要点：①速度——the pace of life（生活节奏）、at a steady pace（以稳定的速度）；②at one's own pace（按自己的节奏）；③keep pace with（跟上…的步伐）——Wages cannot keep pace with rising prices（工资跟不上物价上涨）；④set the pace（定调子，带头）。动词义"踱步"——pace up and down（来回踱步）。辨析：pace（步伐，节奏）vs speed（速度，快慢）vs rate（比率，速率）vs rhythm（节奏，韵律）。写作金句：Success comes at its own pace to those who never stop（成功会按自己的节奏来到不停步的人身边）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语passus"一步"（pandere"展开"→迈开腿）→ 一步→ 步伐。联想：pass"经过，迈步"→ pace（一步→步伐）、pass（经过）、passage（通道；段落→迈过的路程）、past（过去的→走过去了）。记住：一"步"即pace。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：pace作动词表示"来回踱步（因焦虑）"，如He paced the room nervously（他紧张地在房间里踱步）。此义出现在心理描写类记叙文中。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"She never complained about the slow pace of her progress, because she knew that every page she wrote brought her one step closer to her dream."（她从不抱怨自己进步的步伐太慢，因为她知道写下的每一页都让她离梦想更近一步。）（经典原句·pace 步伐，速度） 【搭配词块】 the pace of life 生活节奏 / at one's own pace 按自己的节奏 / keep pace with 跟上 / set the pace 定调子 3. rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 很少，难得 【核心考点】 rarely是高频否定副词。用法要点：①很少，难得（频率副词，表否定）——I rarely eat fast food（我很少吃快餐）；②rarely置于句首时句子部分倒装——Rarely do we see such a beautiful sunset（我们很少看到如此美丽的日落）；③rarely = seldom，反义often。派生词：rare adj. 稀有的，罕见的→ rare animals（珍稀动物）；rarely的语法填空考点：系表结构中修饰形容词。辨析：rarely（很少，频率低）vs hardly（几乎不，程度）vs scarcely（几乎不，正式）vs seldom（很少）。写作金句：Rarely does a person succeed without hard work（很少有人不努力就成功）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语rarus"稀薄的，稀疏的"→ rare（稀有的）+ -ly（副词后缀）→ 很少。联想：rar"稀疏"→ rare（稀有的）、rarely（很少）、rarity（珍品→稀有之物）。记住：稀有=rare，很少=rarely。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：rarely本身无生义，其形容词rare可表示"（肉类）半熟的"，如a rare steak（三分熟的牛排）。注意与"稀有的"区分，阅读中偶见。 【真题原句】 （2020·天津卷·阅读表达·rarely 副词作状语）"I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can't figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life."（我很少能睡超过四个小时。但至今想不通的是，为什么我从不觉得累，一生中从未感觉那么好。）（真题原句·rarely 很少） 【搭配词块】 rarely do sb. do 很少…（倒装） / rarely seen 难得一见 / rare adj. 稀有的 / rarity n. 珍品 4. rejection /rɪˈdʒekʃn/ n. 拒绝，退稿；拒绝信 【核心考点】 rejection是励志与成长类语篇的高频名词，本单元"Onwards and upwards"主题的核心词。用法要点：①拒绝，被拒绝——face rejection（面对拒绝）；②退稿信——rejection letters（退稿信）；③rejection of（对…的拒绝）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：reject v. 拒绝，否决→ reject the offer（拒绝提议）；rejected adj. 被拒绝的。辨析：reject（拒绝，正式，不采纳）vs refuse（拒绝，口头）vs decline（婉拒）vs turn down（拒绝，口语）。写作金句：Rejection is not the end of the road, but a detour to a better path（被拒绝不是路的尽头，而是通往更好道路的绕行）。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，回）+ ject（拉丁语jacere"投，扔"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 扔回去→ 拒绝。联想：ject"投掷"→ rejection（拒绝→把东西扔回）、reject（拒绝）、project（投射；项目→向前投）、inject（注射→投入）、object（反对→朝对方投）。记住：re + ject = 扔回去即拒绝。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：rejection在医学语境中指"排斥反应"，如organ rejection（器官排斥）。此义出现在科普类语篇中，阅读中按语境理解。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·reject 过去分词作后置定语）"It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from 'ugly' (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans."（大量完好的食物被扔掉，从被商贩拒绝的"丑陋"（却完全可食用的）蔬菜，到被扔进餐馆垃圾桶的大量剩菜，数量惊人。）（真题原句·reject 拒绝，退回） 【搭配词块】 face rejection 面对拒绝 / rejection letter 退稿信 / reject v. 拒绝 / rejected adj. 被拒绝的 5. nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/ adv. 然而，尽管如此 【核心考点】 nevertheless是议论文与记叙文的高频过渡副词。用法要点：①然而，尽管如此（表让步转折，语义比however更强）——The task was difficult; nevertheless, we finished it on time（任务很难，然而我们按时完成了）；②常置于句首或句中作插入语，用逗号隔开；③= nonetheless = however。语法填空考点：nevertheless为副词，不作连词，不能直接连接两个句子，须用句号或分号。辨析：nevertheless（尽管如此，强调转折后的坚持）vs however（然而，最常用）vs yet（但是，语气较弱）vs still（仍然）。写作金句：He failed many times; nevertheless, he never gave up hope（他失败多次，然而从不放弃希望）。 【词根联想】 never（从不）+ the + less（更少）→ 一点也不更少→ 仍然，尽管如此。联想：never+the+less→ nevertheless（尽管如此仍然）。类似结构：none the less（依旧）。记住：never the less = 从不因此减少。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：nevertheless意义稳定，无生义。注意与nonetheless、howbeit等同义副词辨析，以及它与转折连词but的用法区别（副词不作连词）。 【真题原句】 （2025·北京卷·阅读B·nevertheless 副词作插入语）"Nevertheless, this interview wasn't a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself."（然而，这次面试并非一次被浪费的机会。我与一位高年级申请者交谈，她回答问题的方式反映出她对自己的信念。）（真题原句·nevertheless 然而） 【搭配词块】 nevertheless = however 然而 / nonetheless 尽管如此 / 句首用逗号隔开 / 不作连词连接句子 6. criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ n. 批评，指责；评论 【核心考点】 criticism是议论文与成长类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①批评，指责——accept/face criticism（接受/面对批评）、be open to criticism（乐于接受批评）；②评论（文艺）——literary criticism（文学评论）；③criticism of（对…的批评）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：criticise v. 批评→ criticise sb. for sth.（因某事批评某人）；critical adj. 批评的；关键的；危急的→ be critical of（对…挑剔）；critic n. 评论家。辨析：criticism（批评，负面评价）vs comment（评论，中性）vs review（评论，评审）vs blame（责备）。写作金句：Criticism is a gift if we know how to use it（如果我们懂得利用，批评就是礼物）。 【词根联想】 希腊语krinein"判断，区分"→ kritikos"善于判断的"→ criticism（判断后的评价）→ 批评。联想：crit"判断"→ criticism（批评→判断评价）、critic（评论家）、critical（批评的；关键的）、crisis（危机→需要判断的时刻）、criterion（标准→判断的尺度）。记住：批评是"判断后的评价"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：criticism还可表示"（对文学艺术的）评论，评论文"，如a collection of film criticism（电影评论集）。此义中性，常见于文艺类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"When her teacher criticised her first draft, she was upset for a whole day, but then she thanked him for his honest criticism and rewrote the entire book."（当老师批评她的初稿时，她难过了整整一天，但随后她感谢老师坦诚的批评，并重写了整本书。）（经典原句·criticism 批评） 【搭配词块】 accept criticism 接受批评 / criticism of 对…的批评 / criticise sb. for 因…批评某人 / be critical of 对…挑剔 7. guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ v. 保证，担保 n. 保证；保修单 【核心考点】 guarantee是说明文与议论文的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：①保证，担保——guarantee sth.（保证某事）、guarantee to do（保证做）——We guarantee to finish the work on time；②guarantee that...——I can't guarantee that he will come（我不能保证他会来）。名词用法：①保证——a guarantee of success（成功的保证）；②保修单——under guarantee（在保修期内）。辨析：guarantee（保证，担保，正式）vs promise（承诺，答应）vs assure（向…保证，使确信）vs ensure（确保，保证实现）。写作金句：There is no guarantee of success, only the guarantee of effort（成功没有保证，只有努力有保证）。 【词根联想】 古法语garant"担保人"（日耳曼语warrant"保护"）→ 保证。联想：war"保护"→ guarantee（保证→担保保护）、warrant（担保；正当理由）、guard（守卫→保护）、guardian（监护人）。记住：guarantee=担保人给出的承诺。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：guarantee作名词还可表示"保修单，质量保证书"，如The watch comes with a two-year guarantee（这块表有两年的保修期）。此义常见于购物与消费类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"She believed that the whole struggle was worthwhile even though nothing in life comes with a guarantee of success."（她相信整个奋斗过程都是值得的，尽管生活中没有任何东西自带成功的保证。）（经典原句·guarantee 保证） 【搭配词块】 guarantee to do 保证做 / guarantee that... 保证… / under guarantee 在保修期内 / a guarantee of success 成功的保证 8. outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果，结局 【核心考点】 outcome是说明文与议论文的高频名词。用法要点：①结果，结局——the outcome of the match（比赛结果）、a positive/successful outcome（积极/成功的结果）；②the outcome of the election（选举结果）。辨析是高考重点：outcome（结果，结局，强调事件的自然结果）vs result（结果，最普通）vs consequence（后果，多含贬义）vs effect（效果，影响）。写作金句：The outcome of our efforts depends on how much we are willing to give（我们努力的结果取决于我们愿意付出多少）。 【词根联想】 out-（出）+ come（来）→ 出来的东西→ 结果。联想：out"出"→ outcome（出来→结果）、outlook（前景→向外看）、outbreak（爆发→冒出来）、outdoor（户外的→出门）。记住：out + come = 走出来的结局。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：outcome意义稳定，无生义。注意outcome与result可互换，但与consequence（后果，常贬义）和effect（效果，强调影响）语义侧重不同。 【真题原句】 （2020·天津卷·阅读表达·outcome 名词作宾语）"On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good outcomes."（在他80岁生日时，我给他寄了一封信，提及我们都应当感恩的事物——健康的身体、真诚的朋友和好的结果。）（真题原句·outcome 结果） 【搭配词块】 the outcome of …的结果 / a positive outcome 积极的结果 / outcome = result 结果 / a successful outcome 成功的结果 9. worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ adj. 值得做的，值得花时间的 【核心考点】 worthwhile是议论文与记叙文的高频形容词。用法要点：①值得做的（表语或定语）——a worthwhile trip（值得的旅行）、a worthwhile cause（值得为之奋斗的事业）；②It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.（做…是值得的）——It is worthwhile to visit the museum（参观博物馆很值得）；③worthwhile前常与truly/really连用。辨析是高考重点：worthwhile（值得花时间/精力的，可作表语定语）vs worth（值得，后接doing或钱数，作表语）vs worthy（值得的，be worthy of，作表语）——It is worth doing / It is worthy of doing / It is worthwhile to do。写作金句：Everything we learn is worthwhile if it helps us grow（凡有助于成长的学习都值得）。 【词根联想】 worth（价值）+ while（时间）→ 值得花时间的。联想：worth"价值"→ worthwhile（值得花时间）、worth（值…）、worthy（值得的）、worthless（无价值的）、deserve（应得）。记住：worth + while = 值得耗时间。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：worthwhile无生义，重点掌握其与worth/worthy的搭配差异：worth doing；worthy of being done；worthwhile to do/doing。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"She told me that every hour spent in the library was worthwhile, because each page she wrote brought her closer to her dream."（她告诉我，在图书馆度过的每一小时都是值得的，因为她写下的每一页都让她离梦想更近。）（经典原句·worthwhile 值得的） 【搭配词块】 a worthwhile trip 值得的旅行 / It is worthwhile to do 做…是值得的 / a worthwhile cause 值得为之奋斗的事业 / truly worthwhile 真正值得的 10. enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的，热心的 【核心考点】 enthusiastic是人物与励志类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①be enthusiastic about/over（对…充满热情）——She is enthusiastic about her new job；②an enthusiastic supporter/reception（热情的拥护者/接待）；③enthusiastic praise（热情的赞扬）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：enthusiasm n. 热情→ with enthusiasm（热情地）；enthusiast n. 爱好者→ a sports enthusiast（体育爱好者）；enthusiastically adv. 热情地。辨析：enthusiastic（充满热情的，主动积极）vs passionate（热爱的，情感强烈的）vs eager（渴望的）vs keen（热心的，be keen on）。写作金句：An enthusiastic person lights up every room he enters（热情的人所到之处皆亮堂）。 【词根联想】 希腊语entheos"受神感召的"（en-"在…中"+theos"神"）+ -ast + -ic（形容词后缀）→ 心中有神的→ 充满热情的。联想：theo"神"→ enthusiastic（有神在胸→热情）、enthusiasm（热情）、theatre（剧院→敬神之地）、theory（理论→对神的思考）。记住：心中有神，自然热情。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：enthusiastic意义稳定，无生义。注意enthusiastic后接about（对…热情），不接of/to。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Her enthusiasm never faded, and she remained enthusiastic about every new idea, no matter how many times her work was turned down."（她的热情从未消退，无论作品被退回多少次，她对每一个新点子都保持热忱。）（经典原句·enthusiastic 热情的） 【搭配词块】 be enthusiastic about 对…充满热情 / with enthusiasm 热情地 / an enthusiast n. 爱好者 / enthusiastically adv. 热情地 11. upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 难过的，沮丧的 v. 使不安；打翻 【核心考点】 upset是记叙文与完形填空的高频形容词兼动词。形容词用法要点：①难过的，沮丧的——be upset about/at（对…难过）——She was upset about the exam result；②be upset that...（因…而难过）。动词用法要点：①使不安，使心烦——The news upset him deeply；②打翻，弄翻——upset the cup（打翻杯子）；③打乱（计划）——upset the plan。注意：upset作形容词时重音在前/ˈʌpset/，作动词时重音在后/ʌpˈset/。派生词：upsetting adj. 令人难过的。辨析：upset（难过，心烦意乱）vs sad（悲伤）vs disappointed（失望）vs annoyed（恼怒）。 【词根联想】 up（向上）+ set（放置）→ 把…弄翻→ 打翻；使不安。联想：up"上"→ upset（掀翻→使不安）、update（更新→把…往新处放）、upload（上传）、uphold（举起；支持）。记住：up + set = 掀翻你的心情。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：upset作名词表示"（体育比赛的）爆冷，意外结果"，如a major upset in the match（比赛中的大爆冷门）。此义常见于体育新闻。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国乙卷·阅读D·upset 动名词作宾语）"However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers."（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税并拒绝改变配方，因为担心让消费者不快。）（真题原句·upset 使不安，使不快） 【搭配词块】 be upset about 对…难过 / upset the plan 打乱计划 / upsetting adj. 令人难过的 / for fear of upsetting 唯恐惹恼 12. permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的，长期的 【核心考点】 permanent是说明文与议论文的高频形容词。用法要点：①永久的，长期的——a permanent job（固定工作）、permanent memory（永久记忆）、permanent damage（永久性损伤）；②permanent residence（永久居留）。派生词：permanently adv. 永久地→ leave permanently；反义temporary（暂时的）——permanent与temporary是高考反义对考点。辨析：permanent（永久的，长期不变的）vs lasting（持久的）vs eternal（永恒的）vs durable（耐久的）。写作金句：No failure is permanent if you keep moving forward（只要不断前进，就没有永远的失败）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语permanere"持久"（per-"贯穿"+manere"停留"）→ 一直停留→ 永久的。联想：man"停留"→ permanent（一直停留→永久）、remain（留下→re+main）、mansion（大厦→长久居住之所）、permanent（永久）。记住：per + manent = 一直停在那里。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：permanent还可表示"（居所、工作）固定的，非临时的"，如He is looking for a permanent position（他在找一份固定的工作）。此义与temporary（临时的）相对。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"She says that no failure is permanent if you keep moving, and that the scars of rejection are the medals of a writer."（她说，只要你不断前进，就没有永远的失败；被拒绝留下的伤疤，正是作家的勋章。）（经典原句·permanent 永久的） 【搭配词块】 a permanent job 固定工作 / permanent damage 永久性损伤 / permanently adv. 永久地 / 反义 temporary 暂时的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 debt debtor (n.) indebted (adj.) --- be in debt / pay off the debt pace paced (adj.) pacer (n.) --- keep pace with / at one's own pace rarely rare (adj.) rarity (n.) --- rarely do sb. do / rare animals rejection reject (v.) rejected (adj.) rejecting (adj.) rejection letter / reject the offer nevertheless nonetheless (adv.) --- --- nevertheless = however criticism criticise (v.) critical (adj.) critic (n.) accept criticism / be critical of guarantee guaranteed (adj.) guarantor (n.) --- guarantee to do / under guarantee outcome --- --- --- the outcome of / a positive outcome worthwhile worth (adj.) worthy (adj.) worthless (adj.) be worthwhile to do / be worth doing enthusiastic enthusiasm (n.) enthusiast (n.) enthusiastically (adv.) be enthusiastic about / with enthusiasm upset upsetting (adj.) upset (v./n.) --- be upset about / upset the plan permanent permanently (adv.) permanence (n.) temporary (反义) a permanent job / permanently Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2020天津卷·阅读表达·改编）The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the ____________ (debts) were paid and we had settled into a comfortable home. 2.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）From "ugly" vegetables ____________ (rejection) by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes, too much good food is thrown away. 3.（2025北京卷·阅读B·改编）____________ (Nevertheless) this interview wasn't a wasted opportunity, and I learned a lot from the senior applicant. 4.（2020天津卷·阅读表达·改编）I ____________ (rare) had more than four hours of sleep, but I never felt tired in my life. 5.（2020天津卷·阅读表达·改编）I sent him a letter, noting the things we should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good ____________ (coming). 6.（2022全国乙卷·阅读D·改编）Some high sugar brands are refusing to change for fear of ____________ (upsetting) consumers. 7.（2026山东济南·模拟）The company is deeply in ____________ (debtful) after two years of losses. 8.（2026广东广州·模拟）Wages cannot keep ____________ (paced) with the rising prices in the city. 9.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The writer received hundreds of ____________ (criticise) letters after his novel was published. 10.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）We cannot ____________ (guaranteed) that the weather will be fine tomorrow. 11.（2026四川成都·模拟）It is ____________ (worth) to spend an hour every day reading English aloud. 12.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The students are quite ____________ (enthusiasm) about the coming school art festival. 13.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）She was deeply ____________ (upsetting) about losing her favourite pen. 14.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The museum has a ____________ (permanently) collection of ancient paintings. 15.（2026江西南昌·模拟）They finally reached a good ____________ (outcomes) after weeks of hard discussion. 【答案】 1. debts 2. rejected 3. Nevertheless 4. rarely 5. outcomes 6. upsetting 7. debt 8. pace 9. criticism 10. guarantee 11. worthwhile 12. enthusiastic 13. upset 14. permanent 15. outcome 【逐题解析】 1. debts — 提示词debts为复数名词，all the后直接使用名词复数，the debts意为"这些债务"。 2. rejected — 提示词rejection为名词，过去分词rejected作后置定语修饰vegetables，表被动。 3. Nevertheless — 提示词作副词引导转折，置于句首须大写，Nevertheless意为"然而"。 4. rarely — 提示词rare为形容词，修饰动词had须用副词rarely，意为"很少"。 5. outcomes — 提示词coming为动名词，形容词good后须用名词且与friends并列，用复数outcomes。 6. upsetting — 提示词upsetting为形容词，for fear of后须接动名词，upsetting consumers意为"惹恼消费者"。 7. debt — 提示词debtful为形容词，in debt为固定搭配，be in debt意为"负债"。 8. pace — 提示词paced为动词，keep pace with为固定搭配，意为"跟上…的步伐"。 9. criticism — 提示词criticise为动词，形容词hundreds of后须用名词，criticism意为"批评"。 10. guarantee — 提示词guaranteed为形容词，情态动词cannot后须用动词原形guarantee。 11. worthwhile — 提示词worth为形容词，It is worthwhile to do为固定句型，意为"做…是值得的"。 12. enthusiastic — 提示词enthusiasm为名词，be enthusiastic about为固定搭配，须用形容词。 13. upset — 提示词upsetting为形容词，was deeply后作表语须用形容词upset，意为"难过的"。 14. permanent — 提示词permanently为副词，修饰名词collection须用形容词permanent。 15. outcome — 提示词outcomes为复数，a good后须用单数名词，a good outcome意为"好结果"。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 两年前，露西决定成为作家，但十二家出版社都寄回了____________（退稿信）。____________（然而）她拒绝放弃，从不抱怨进步____________（步伐）太慢。她借钱印稿，不断增加的____________（债务）没有吓倒她；她相信奋斗____________（值得的），尽管生活没有____________（保证）。 那两年里，她____________（很少）有空闲，被老师批评（criticism）后难过（upset）了一天，却感谢批评并重写全书，始终对每个新点子保持____________（热情的）。最终作品出版，____________（结果）出人意料成为畅销书。她说：没有永远的（permanent）失败。 【答案】 rejection; Nevertheless; pace; debt; worthwhile; guarantee; rarely; criticism; upset; enthusiastic; outcome; permanent Part 7 关联阅读 When Maya joined her school newspaper in her second year, she was full of exciting plans. Her first suggestion was a weekly page about student life, with photos, jokes and short interviews. To her surprise, the head teacher rejected the whole idea. The rejection letter that came back hurt more than she had expected, and Maya felt deeply upset for the rest of the week. Nevertheless, she did not give up. She asked the teacher exactly what was wrong, wrote down every point, and spent the whole weekend redesigning her plan. When she handed in the new version, she was proud to see that not a single word had been copied from the old one. The new plan was accepted, but running the page turned out to be far harder than she had imagined. The newspaper club was nearly in debt because the printing costs were higher than its budget, and Maya rarely had time for homework. She had to slow the pace of the page from weekly to monthly, and the criticism from some readers stung her. Yet she stayed enthusiastic, treating every complaint as a gift that showed her exactly what to improve. Her teacher warned her that the school would not give the club a guarantee of support forever, so she had to make the page popular on her own. Every weekend, she walked around the school with a notebook, collecting small stories from students who had never been interviewed before. A year later, the outcome amazed everyone who had once doubted her. The page became the most-read section of the newspaper, and two local publishers asked to share her stories. Looking back, Maya says the whole struggle was worthwhile, not because of the praise, but because it taught her something permanent about herself: she is the kind of person who gets up again after every fall. That single lesson, she believes, is worth more than any prize a school can give, and it will stay with her long after the final year ends, wherever her life may lead. 1. Why did Maya feel upset at the beginning? A. Her homework was too difficult to finish. B. Her plan for a student-life page was rejected. C. She was asked to leave the newspaper club. D. She lost her camera during an interview. 2. What problem did the newspaper club face? A. The printing costs were higher than its budget. B. The head teacher closed the whole newspaper. C. No students were willing to write articles. D. The school refused to buy new computers. 3. How did Maya treat the criticism from readers? A. She stopped writing for several weeks. B. She asked her teacher to answer the readers. C. She regarded it as helpful suggestions for improvement. D. She complained about the readers to her friends. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. School newspapers are difficult to manage. B. Teachers should always support student clubs. C. Success comes easily to talented young people. D. Persistence in the face of setbacks finally pays off. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段是解题句——"the head teacher rejected the whole idea. The rejection letter...hurt more than she had expected, and Maya felt deeply upset"，校长否决了她的提议，退稿信让她难过，与B项Her plan for a student-life page was rejected对应，故选B。A项"作业太难"、C项"被要求退出社团"、D项"采访中丢了相机"文中均未提及。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段直接交代困难——"The newspaper club was nearly in debt because the printing costs were higher than its budget"，印刷成本超出预算，社团几乎负债，与A项The printing costs were higher than its budget吻合，故选A。B项"校长关停报纸"、C项"无人愿意写稿"、D项"学校不买新电脑"均无依据。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段末句是解题句——"she stayed enthusiastic, treating every complaint as a gift that showed her exactly what to improve"，她把每条批评当作指明改进方向的礼物，与C项She regarded it as helpful suggestions for improvement一致，故选C。A项"停笔数周"、B项"让老师回复读者"、D项"向朋友抱怨读者"均与原文不符。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：全文以Maya创办学生生活版面为主线：提案被拒→难过但坚持→负债困难→放慢节奏→虚心接受批评→保持热情→终获成功，末段点明主旨——"she is the kind of person who gets up again after every fall"，在挫折面前坚持终有回报，与D项Persistence in the face of setbacks finally pays off吻合，故选D。A项"校报难办"以偏概全；B项"老师应支持社团"、C项"成功来得容易"均偏离主题。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：debt, pace, rarely, rejection, nevertheless, criticism, guarantee, outcome, worthwhile, enthusiastic, upset, permanent Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The young man borrowed too much money and is now owing money to the bank. → The young man borrowed too much money and is now in ____________ to the bank. 2. We must follow the speed of the times if we want to stay competitive. → We must keep ____________ with the times if we want to stay competitive. 3. I seldom have time to watch films because of my busy school life. → I ____________ have time to watch films because of my busy school life. 4. He faced many refusals from companies before he finally got a job. → He faced many ____________ from companies before he finally got a job. 5. The task was very difficult; however, we finished it on time. → The task was very difficult; ____________, we finished it on time. 6. The singer is used to unfriendly remarks about her voice from the public. → The singer is used to ____________ about her voice from the public. 7. Nobody can make sure that you will succeed in the college entrance exam. → Nobody can ____________ that you will succeed in the college entrance exam. 8. Nobody knows the final result of the competition until next Monday. → Nobody knows the ____________ of the competition until next Monday. 9. It is worth spending the whole day visiting the old town. → It is ____________ to spend the whole day visiting the old town. 10. The students are all keen about the plan to plant trees in spring. → The students are all ____________ about the plan to plant trees in spring. 11. She felt sad about the result of the singing contest. → She felt ____________ about the result of the singing contest. 12. The library is open all year round, and the exhibition there is lasting, not temporary. → The library is open all year round, and the exhibition there is ____________. 【答案】 1. debt 2. pace 3. rarely 4. rejections 5. nevertheless 6. criticism 7. guarantee 8. outcome 9. worthwhile 10. enthusiastic 11. upset 12. permanent Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：rejection → nevertheless → pace → debt → worthwhile → guarantee → rarely → upset → criticism → enthusiastic → outcome → permanent 复述模板（填空）： 露西收到十二封____________（退稿信），____________（然而）她不放弃，不抱怨进步____________（步伐）慢；借钱印稿，____________（债务）吓不倒她，她相信奋斗____________（值得的），尽管生活没有____________（保证）。 她____________（很少）有空闲，被批评后____________（难过）一天，却感谢____________（批评）并重写；她对每个点子都____________（热情的），最终____________（结果）出人意料成为畅销书。她说没有永远的（permanent）失败。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：rejection; Nevertheless; pace; debt; worthwhile; guarantee; rarely; upset; criticism; enthusiastic; outcome; permanent 复述模板参考版本： Lucy received twelve rejection letters, but nevertheless she did not give up. She never complained about the slow pace of her progress, and the growing debt did not frighten her. She believed the struggle was worthwhile even though nothing comes with a guarantee. She rarely had a free evening, and when she was upset by criticism, she thanked the critic and rewrote the book. She stayed enthusiastic about every new idea, and the final outcome surprised everyone: the book became a best-seller. No failure is permanent if you keep moving. 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：debt / pace / rarely / rejection / nevertheless / criticism / guarantee / outcome / worthwhile / enthusiastic / upset / permanent （知识点来源：选修一 Unit 2 · Onwards and upwards + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________ 姓名:____________ 班级:____________ 座号:____________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 3 Part 4 词性变化总表 9 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Two years ago, my cousin Lucy decided to become a writer. She sent her first novel to twelve publishers, and all twelve sent back rejection letters. Nevertheless, she refused to give up. She did not stop writing, and she never complained about the slow pace of her progress. She borrowed money to print her own drafts, and the growing debt did not frighten her. She believed that every "no" brought her closer to a yes, and that the whole struggle was worthwhile even though nothing in life comes with a guarantee. During those two years, Lucy rarely had a free evening, because she spent every spare hour improving her stories. When her teacher criticised her first draft, she was upset for a whole day, but then she thanked him for his honest criticism and rewrote the entire book. Her enthusiasm never faded, and she remained enthusiastic about every new idea. At last, a small publisher accepted her novel. The outcome surprised everyone: the book became a best-seller. She says that no failure is permanent if you keep moving, and that the scars of rejection are the medals of a writer. 【中文译文】 两年前，我的表姐露西决定成为一名作家。她把第一部小说寄给十二家出版社，全部十二家都寄回了退稿信（rejection）。然而（nevertheless），她拒绝放弃。她没有停止写作，也从不抱怨自己进步的步伐（pace）太慢。她借钱印刷自己的手稿，不断增加的债务（debt）并没有吓倒她。她相信每一声"不"都让她离"是"更近一步，而且整个奋斗过程都是值得的（worthwhile），尽管生活中没有任何东西自带保证（guarantee）。 那两年里，露西很少有（rarely）空闲的夜晚，因为她把每一刻闲暇都用来打磨故事。当老师批评（criticism）她的初稿时，她难过（upset）了一整天，但随后她感谢老师的坦诚批评，并重写了整本书。她的热情从未消退，对每一个新点子都保持热忱（enthusiastic）。终于，一家小出版社接受了她的作品。结果（outcome）出乎所有人意料：这本书成了畅销书。她说，只要你不断前进，就没有永远的（permanent）失败；被拒绝留下的伤疤，正是作家的勋章。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：露西想当作家→收到12封退稿信→然而不放弃→不抱怨进步慢→借钱印稿→债务吓不倒她→奋斗值得→生活无保证→很少有空闲→被批评难过→感谢批评重写→保持热情→结局出人意料→畅销书→没有永远的失败→伤疤是勋章 记忆链：rejection → nevertheless → pace → debt → worthwhile → guarantee → rarely → upset → criticism → enthusiastic → outcome → permanent Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 debt /det/ n. 债务，欠款 ⚡考点：in debt 负债；pay off the debt 还清债务；be deeply in debt 债台高筑；debtor n. 债务人 2 pace /peɪs/ n. 速度，步伐 v. 踱步 ⚡考点：at one's own pace 按自己的节奏；keep pace with 跟上…的步伐；the pace of life 生活节奏 3 rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 很少，难得 ⚡考点：rarely置于句首句子要部分倒装；rarely = seldom 很少；rare adj. 稀有的 4 rejection /rɪˈdʒekʃn/ n. 拒绝，退稿；拒绝信 ⚡考点：rejection letter 退稿信；face rejection 面对拒绝；reject v. 拒绝；rejected adj. 被拒绝的 5 nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/ adv. 然而，尽管如此 ⚡考点：nevertheless = however = nonetheless 然而；常置于句首或句中作插入语 6 criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ n. 批评，指责；评论 ⚡考点：accept/face criticism 接受/面对批评；criticise v. 批评；critical adj. 批评的；关键的 7 guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ v. 保证，担保 n. 保证；保修单 ⚡考点：guarantee to do 保证做；guarantee sth. 保证某事；under guarantee 在保修期内 8 outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果，结局 ⚡考点：the outcome of …的结果；a positive outcome 积极的结果；outcome = result 结果 9 worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ adj. 值得做的，值得花时间的 ⚡考点：It is worthwhile to do/doing 做…是值得的；worthwhile = worth doing 10 enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的，热心的 ⚡考点：be enthusiastic about 对…充满热情；enthusiasm n. 热情；enthusiast n. 爱好者 11 upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 难过的，沮丧的 v. 使不安；打翻 ⚡考点：be upset about/at 对…难过；upsetting adj. 令人难过的 12 permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的，长期的 ⚡考点：a permanent job 固定工作；permanent memory 永久记忆；permanently adv. 永久地；反义temporary 暂时的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. debt /det/ n. 债务，欠款 【核心考点】 debt是说明文与记叙文的高频名词。用法要点：①债务，欠款——be in debt（负债）、be deeply in debt（债台高筑）、pay off the debt（还清债务）；②人情债——owe sb. a debt of gratitude（欠某人一份感激之情）；③get/run into debt（陷入债务）。注意：debt中b不发音。派生词：debtor n. 债务人。辨析：debt（债务）vs loan（贷款）vs bill（账单）vs fine（罚款）。写作金句：Hard work is the fastest way to clear one's debt（努力工作是还清债务最快的途径）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语debere"欠"（de-"离开"+habere"持有"→把东西拿离自己→欠）→ debitum"所欠之物"→ 债务。联想：de"离开"+bit→ debt（欠出去的东西→债务）、debit（借记→欠账）、duty（责任→欠下的义务）、double（两倍）。记住：de + bt = 欠出去的东西。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：debt还可引申为"（应尽的）义务，人情"，如I owe you a debt of thanks（我欠你一份谢意）。此义中常见owe sb. a debt of gratitude/thanks搭配。 【真题原句】 （2020·天津卷·阅读表达·debt 名词作主语）"The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home."（我们生命中最美好最幸福的岁月，不是当所有债务都还清、所有艰难都过去、我们安顿在舒适家园里的时候。）（真题原句·debt 债务） 【搭配词块】 be in debt 负债 / pay off the debt 还清债务 / get into debt 陷入债务 / owe a debt of gratitude 欠感激之情 2. pace /peɪs/ n. 速度，步伐 v. 踱步 【核心考点】 pace是说明文与记叙文的高频名词。用法要点：①速度——the pace of life（生活节奏）、at a steady pace（以稳定的速度）；②at one's own pace（按自己的节奏）；③keep pace with（跟上…的步伐）——Wages cannot keep pace with rising prices（工资跟不上物价上涨）；④set the pace（定调子，带头）。动词义"踱步"——pace up and down（来回踱步）。辨析：pace（步伐，节奏）vs speed（速度，快慢）vs rate（比率，速率）vs rhythm（节奏，韵律）。写作金句：Success comes at its own pace to those who never stop（成功会按自己的节奏来到不停步的人身边）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语passus"一步"（pandere"展开"→迈开腿）→ 一步→ 步伐。联想：pass"经过，迈步"→ pace（一步→步伐）、pass（经过）、passage（通道；段落→迈过的路程）、past（过去的→走过去了）。记住：一"步"即pace。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：pace作动词表示"来回踱步（因焦虑）"，如He paced the room nervously（他紧张地在房间里踱步）。此义出现在心理描写类记叙文中。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"She never complained about the slow pace of her progress, because she knew that every page she wrote brought her one step closer to her dream."（她从不抱怨自己进步的步伐太慢，因为她知道写下的每一页都让她离梦想更近一步。）（经典原句·pace 步伐，速度） 【搭配词块】 the pace of life 生活节奏 / at one's own pace 按自己的节奏 / keep pace with 跟上 / set the pace 定调子 3. rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 很少，难得 【核心考点】 rarely是高频否定副词。用法要点：①很少，难得（频率副词，表否定）——I rarely eat fast food（我很少吃快餐）；②rarely置于句首时句子部分倒装——Rarely do we see such a beautiful sunset（我们很少看到如此美丽的日落）；③rarely = seldom，反义often。派生词：rare adj. 稀有的，罕见的→ rare animals（珍稀动物）；rarely的语法填空考点：系表结构中修饰形容词。辨析：rarely（很少，频率低）vs hardly（几乎不，程度）vs scarcely（几乎不，正式）vs seldom（很少）。写作金句：Rarely does a person succeed without hard work（很少有人不努力就成功）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语rarus"稀薄的，稀疏的"→ rare（稀有的）+ -ly（副词后缀）→ 很少。联想：rar"稀疏"→ rare（稀有的）、rarely（很少）、rarity（珍品→稀有之物）。记住：稀有=rare，很少=rarely。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：rarely本身无生义，其形容词rare可表示"（肉类）半熟的"，如a rare steak（三分熟的牛排）。注意与"稀有的"区分，阅读中偶见。 【真题原句】 （2020·天津卷·阅读表达·rarely 副词作状语）"I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can't figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life."（我很少能睡超过四个小时。但至今想不通的是，为什么我从不觉得累，一生中从未感觉那么好。）（真题原句·rarely 很少） 【搭配词块】 rarely do sb. do 很少…（倒装） / rarely seen 难得一见 / rare adj. 稀有的 / rarity n. 珍品 4. rejection /rɪˈdʒekʃn/ n. 拒绝，退稿；拒绝信 【核心考点】 rejection是励志与成长类语篇的高频名词，本单元"Onwards and upwards"主题的核心词。用法要点：①拒绝，被拒绝——face rejection（面对拒绝）；②退稿信——rejection letters（退稿信）；③rejection of（对…的拒绝）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：reject v. 拒绝，否决→ reject the offer（拒绝提议）；rejected adj. 被拒绝的。辨析：reject（拒绝，正式，不采纳）vs refuse（拒绝，口头）vs decline（婉拒）vs turn down（拒绝，口语）。写作金句：Rejection is not the end of the road, but a detour to a better path（被拒绝不是路的尽头，而是通往更好道路的绕行）。 【词根联想】 re-（=back，回）+ ject（拉丁语jacere"投，扔"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 扔回去→ 拒绝。联想：ject"投掷"→ rejection（拒绝→把东西扔回）、reject（拒绝）、project（投射；项目→向前投）、inject（注射→投入）、object（反对→朝对方投）。记住：re + ject = 扔回去即拒绝。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：rejection在医学语境中指"排斥反应"，如organ rejection（器官排斥）。此义出现在科普类语篇中，阅读中按语境理解。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·reject 过去分词作后置定语）"It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from 'ugly' (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans."（大量完好的食物被扔掉，从被商贩拒绝的"丑陋"（却完全可食用的）蔬菜，到被扔进餐馆垃圾桶的大量剩菜，数量惊人。）（真题原句·reject 拒绝，退回） 【搭配词块】 face rejection 面对拒绝 / rejection letter 退稿信 / reject v. 拒绝 / rejected adj. 被拒绝的 5. nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/ adv. 然而，尽管如此 【核心考点】 nevertheless是议论文与记叙文的高频过渡副词。用法要点：①然而，尽管如此（表让步转折，语义比however更强）——The task was difficult; nevertheless, we finished it on time（任务很难，然而我们按时完成了）；②常置于句首或句中作插入语，用逗号隔开；③= nonetheless = however。语法填空考点：nevertheless为副词，不作连词，不能直接连接两个句子，须用句号或分号。辨析：nevertheless（尽管如此，强调转折后的坚持）vs however（然而，最常用）vs yet（但是，语气较弱）vs still（仍然）。写作金句：He failed many times; nevertheless, he never gave up hope（他失败多次，然而从不放弃希望）。 【词根联想】 never（从不）+ the + less（更少）→ 一点也不更少→ 仍然，尽管如此。联想：never+the+less→ nevertheless（尽管如此仍然）。类似结构：none the less（依旧）。记住：never the less = 从不因此减少。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：nevertheless意义稳定，无生义。注意与nonetheless、howbeit等同义副词辨析，以及它与转折连词but的用法区别（副词不作连词）。 【真题原句】 （2025·北京卷·阅读B·nevertheless 副词作插入语）"Nevertheless, this interview wasn't a wasted opportunity. I talked to one of the senior applicants who answered questions in a way that reflected the faith she had in herself."（然而，这次面试并非一次被浪费的机会。我与一位高年级申请者交谈，她回答问题的方式反映出她对自己的信念。）（真题原句·nevertheless 然而） 【搭配词块】 nevertheless = however 然而 / nonetheless 尽管如此 / 句首用逗号隔开 / 不作连词连接句子 6. criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/ n. 批评，指责；评论 【核心考点】 criticism是议论文与成长类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①批评，指责——accept/face criticism（接受/面对批评）、be open to criticism（乐于接受批评）；②评论（文艺）——literary criticism（文学评论）；③criticism of（对…的批评）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：criticise v. 批评→ criticise sb. for sth.（因某事批评某人）；critical adj. 批评的；关键的；危急的→ be critical of（对…挑剔）；critic n. 评论家。辨析：criticism（批评，负面评价）vs comment（评论，中性）vs review（评论，评审）vs blame（责备）。写作金句：Criticism is a gift if we know how to use it（如果我们懂得利用，批评就是礼物）。 【词根联想】 希腊语krinein"判断，区分"→ kritikos"善于判断的"→ criticism（判断后的评价）→ 批评。联想：crit"判断"→ criticism（批评→判断评价）、critic（评论家）、critical（批评的；关键的）、crisis（危机→需要判断的时刻）、criterion（标准→判断的尺度）。记住：批评是"判断后的评价"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：criticism还可表示"（对文学艺术的）评论，评论文"，如a collection of film criticism（电影评论集）。此义中性，常见于文艺类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"When her teacher criticised her first draft, she was upset for a whole day, but then she thanked him for his honest criticism and rewrote the entire book."（当老师批评她的初稿时，她难过了整整一天，但随后她感谢老师坦诚的批评，并重写了整本书。）（经典原句·criticism 批评） 【搭配词块】 accept criticism 接受批评 / criticism of 对…的批评 / criticise sb. for 因…批评某人 / be critical of 对…挑剔 7. guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ v. 保证，担保 n. 保证；保修单 【核心考点】 guarantee是说明文与议论文的高频动词兼名词。动词用法要点：①保证，担保——guarantee sth.（保证某事）、guarantee to do（保证做）——We guarantee to finish the work on time；②guarantee that...——I can't guarantee that he will come（我不能保证他会来）。名词用法：①保证——a guarantee of success（成功的保证）；②保修单——under guarantee（在保修期内）。辨析：guarantee（保证，担保，正式）vs promise（承诺，答应）vs assure（向…保证，使确信）vs ensure（确保，保证实现）。写作金句：There is no guarantee of success, only the guarantee of effort（成功没有保证，只有努力有保证）。 【词根联想】 古法语garant"担保人"（日耳曼语warrant"保护"）→ 保证。联想：war"保护"→ guarantee（保证→担保保护）、warrant（担保；正当理由）、guard（守卫→保护）、guardian（监护人）。记住：guarantee=担保人给出的承诺。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：guarantee作名词还可表示"保修单，质量保证书"，如The watch comes with a two-year guarantee（这块表有两年的保修期）。此义常见于购物与消费类语篇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"She believed that the whole struggle was worthwhile even though nothing in life comes with a guarantee of success."（她相信整个奋斗过程都是值得的，尽管生活中没有任何东西自带成功的保证。）（经典原句·guarantee 保证） 【搭配词块】 guarantee to do 保证做 / guarantee that... 保证… / under guarantee 在保修期内 / a guarantee of success 成功的保证 8. outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果，结局 【核心考点】 outcome是说明文与议论文的高频名词。用法要点：①结果，结局——the outcome of the match（比赛结果）、a positive/successful outcome（积极/成功的结果）；②the outcome of the election（选举结果）。辨析是高考重点：outcome（结果，结局，强调事件的自然结果）vs result（结果，最普通）vs consequence（后果，多含贬义）vs effect（效果，影响）。写作金句：The outcome of our efforts depends on how much we are willing to give（我们努力的结果取决于我们愿意付出多少）。 【词根联想】 out-（出）+ come（来）→ 出来的东西→ 结果。联想：out"出"→ outcome（出来→结果）、outlook（前景→向外看）、outbreak（爆发→冒出来）、outdoor（户外的→出门）。记住：out + come = 走出来的结局。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：outcome意义稳定，无生义。注意outcome与result可互换，但与consequence（后果，常贬义）和effect（效果，强调影响）语义侧重不同。 【真题原句】 （2020·天津卷·阅读表达·outcome 名词作宾语）"On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good outcomes."（在他80岁生日时，我给他寄了一封信，提及我们都应当感恩的事物——健康的身体、真诚的朋友和好的结果。）（真题原句·outcome 结果） 【搭配词块】 the outcome of …的结果 / a positive outcome 积极的结果 / outcome = result 结果 / a successful outcome 成功的结果 9. worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ adj. 值得做的，值得花时间的 【核心考点】 worthwhile是议论文与记叙文的高频形容词。用法要点：①值得做的（表语或定语）——a worthwhile trip（值得的旅行）、a worthwhile cause（值得为之奋斗的事业）；②It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.（做…是值得的）——It is worthwhile to visit the museum（参观博物馆很值得）；③worthwhile前常与truly/really连用。辨析是高考重点：worthwhile（值得花时间/精力的，可作表语定语）vs worth（值得，后接doing或钱数，作表语）vs worthy（值得的，be worthy of，作表语）——It is worth doing / It is worthy of doing / It is worthwhile to do。写作金句：Everything we learn is worthwhile if it helps us grow（凡有助于成长的学习都值得）。 【词根联想】 worth（价值）+ while（时间）→ 值得花时间的。联想：worth"价值"→ worthwhile（值得花时间）、worth（值…）、worthy（值得的）、worthless（无价值的）、deserve（应得）。记住：worth + while = 值得耗时间。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：worthwhile无生义，重点掌握其与worth/worthy的搭配差异：worth doing；worthy of being done；worthwhile to do/doing。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"She told me that every hour spent in the library was worthwhile, because each page she wrote brought her closer to her dream."（她告诉我，在图书馆度过的每一小时都是值得的，因为她写下的每一页都让她离梦想更近。）（经典原句·worthwhile 值得的） 【搭配词块】 a worthwhile trip 值得的旅行 / It is worthwhile to do 做…是值得的 / a worthwhile cause 值得为之奋斗的事业 / truly worthwhile 真正值得的 10. enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的，热心的 【核心考点】 enthusiastic是人物与励志类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①be enthusiastic about/over（对…充满热情）——She is enthusiastic about her new job；②an enthusiastic supporter/reception（热情的拥护者/接待）；③enthusiastic praise（热情的赞扬）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：enthusiasm n. 热情→ with enthusiasm（热情地）；enthusiast n. 爱好者→ a sports enthusiast（体育爱好者）；enthusiastically adv. 热情地。辨析：enthusiastic（充满热情的，主动积极）vs passionate（热爱的，情感强烈的）vs eager（渴望的）vs keen（热心的，be keen on）。写作金句：An enthusiastic person lights up every room he enters（热情的人所到之处皆亮堂）。 【词根联想】 希腊语entheos"受神感召的"（en-"在…中"+theos"神"）+ -ast + -ic（形容词后缀）→ 心中有神的→ 充满热情的。联想：theo"神"→ enthusiastic（有神在胸→热情）、enthusiasm（热情）、theatre（剧院→敬神之地）、theory（理论→对神的思考）。记住：心中有神，自然热情。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：enthusiastic意义稳定，无生义。注意enthusiastic后接about（对…热情），不接of/to。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Her enthusiasm never faded, and she remained enthusiastic about every new idea, no matter how many times her work was turned down."（她的热情从未消退，无论作品被退回多少次，她对每一个新点子都保持热忱。）（经典原句·enthusiastic 热情的） 【搭配词块】 be enthusiastic about 对…充满热情 / with enthusiasm 热情地 / an enthusiast n. 爱好者 / enthusiastically adv. 热情地 11. upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 难过的，沮丧的 v. 使不安；打翻 【核心考点】 upset是记叙文与完形填空的高频形容词兼动词。形容词用法要点：①难过的，沮丧的——be upset about/at（对…难过）——She was upset about the exam result；②be upset that...（因…而难过）。动词用法要点：①使不安，使心烦——The news upset him deeply；②打翻，弄翻——upset the cup（打翻杯子）；③打乱（计划）——upset the plan。注意：upset作形容词时重音在前/ˈʌpset/，作动词时重音在后/ʌpˈset/。派生词：upsetting adj. 令人难过的。辨析：upset（难过，心烦意乱）vs sad（悲伤）vs disappointed（失望）vs annoyed（恼怒）。 【词根联想】 up（向上）+ set（放置）→ 把…弄翻→ 打翻；使不安。联想：up"上"→ upset（掀翻→使不安）、update（更新→把…往新处放）、upload（上传）、uphold（举起；支持）。记住：up + set = 掀翻你的心情。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：upset作名词表示"（体育比赛的）爆冷，意外结果"，如a major upset in the match（比赛中的大爆冷门）。此义常见于体育新闻。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国乙卷·阅读D·upset 动名词作宾语）"However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers."（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税并拒绝改变配方，因为担心让消费者不快。）（真题原句·upset 使不安，使不快） 【搭配词块】 be upset about 对…难过 / upset the plan 打乱计划 / upsetting adj. 令人难过的 / for fear of upsetting 唯恐惹恼 12. permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的，长期的 【核心考点】 permanent是说明文与议论文的高频形容词。用法要点：①永久的，长期的——a permanent job（固定工作）、permanent memory（永久记忆）、permanent damage（永久性损伤）；②permanent residence（永久居留）。派生词：permanently adv. 永久地→ leave permanently；反义temporary（暂时的）——permanent与temporary是高考反义对考点。辨析：permanent（永久的，长期不变的）vs lasting（持久的）vs eternal（永恒的）vs durable（耐久的）。写作金句：No failure is permanent if you keep moving forward（只要不断前进，就没有永远的失败）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语permanere"持久"（per-"贯穿"+manere"停留"）→ 一直停留→ 永久的。联想：man"停留"→ permanent（一直停留→永久）、remain（留下→re+main）、mansion（大厦→长久居住之所）、permanent（永久）。记住：per + manent = 一直停在那里。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：permanent还可表示"（居所、工作）固定的，非临时的"，如He is looking for a permanent position（他在找一份固定的工作）。此义与temporary（临时的）相对。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"She says that no failure is permanent if you keep moving, and that the scars of rejection are the medals of a writer."（她说，只要你不断前进，就没有永远的失败；被拒绝留下的伤疤，正是作家的勋章。）（经典原句·permanent 永久的） 【搭配词块】 a permanent job 固定工作 / permanent damage 永久性损伤 / permanently adv. 永久地 / 反义 temporary 暂时的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 debt debtor (n.) indebted (adj.) --- be in debt / pay off the debt pace paced (adj.) pacer (n.) --- keep pace with / at one's own pace rarely rare (adj.) rarity (n.) --- rarely do sb. do / rare animals rejection reject (v.) rejected (adj.) rejecting (adj.) rejection letter / reject the offer nevertheless nonetheless (adv.) --- --- nevertheless = however criticism criticise (v.) critical (adj.) critic (n.) accept criticism / be critical of guarantee guaranteed (adj.) guarantor (n.) --- guarantee to do / under guarantee outcome --- --- --- the outcome of / a positive outcome worthwhile worth (adj.) worthy (adj.) worthless (adj.) be worthwhile to do / be worth doing enthusiastic enthusiasm (n.) enthusiast (n.) enthusiastically (adv.) be enthusiastic about / with enthusiasm upset upsetting (adj.) upset (v./n.) --- be upset about / upset the plan permanent permanently (adv.) permanence (n.) temporary (反义) a permanent job / permanently Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2020天津卷·阅读表达·改编）The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the ____________ (debts) were paid and we had settled into a comfortable home. 2.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）From "ugly" vegetables ____________ (rejection) by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes, too much good food is thrown away. 3.（2025北京卷·阅读B·改编）____________ (Nevertheless) this interview wasn't a wasted opportunity, and I learned a lot from the senior applicant. 4.（2020天津卷·阅读表达·改编）I ____________ (rare) had more than four hours of sleep, but I never felt tired in my life. 5.（2020天津卷·阅读表达·改编）I sent him a letter, noting the things we should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good ____________ (coming). 6.（2022全国乙卷·阅读D·改编）Some high sugar brands are refusing to change for fear of ____________ (upsetting) consumers. 7.（2026山东济南·模拟）The company is deeply in ____________ (debtful) after two years of losses. 8.（2026广东广州·模拟）Wages cannot keep ____________ (paced) with the rising prices in the city. 9.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The writer received hundreds of ____________ (criticise) letters after his novel was published. 10.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）We cannot ____________ (guaranteed) that the weather will be fine tomorrow. 11.（2026四川成都·模拟）It is ____________ (worth) to spend an hour every day reading English aloud. 12.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The students are quite ____________ (enthusiasm) about the coming school art festival. 13.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）She was deeply ____________ (upsetting) about losing her favourite pen. 14.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The museum has a ____________ (permanently) collection of ancient paintings. 15.（2026江西南昌·模拟）They finally reached a good ____________ (outcomes) after weeks of hard discussion. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 两年前，露西决定成为作家，但十二家出版社都寄回了____________（退稿信）。____________（然而）她拒绝放弃，从不抱怨进步____________（步伐）太慢。她借钱印稿，不断增加的____________（债务）没有吓倒她；她相信奋斗____________（值得的），尽管生活没有____________（保证）。 那两年里，她____________（很少）有空闲，被老师批评（criticism）后难过（upset）了一天，却感谢批评并重写全书，始终对每个新点子保持____________（热情的）。最终作品出版，____________（结果）出人意料成为畅销书。她说：没有永远的（permanent）失败。 Part 7 关联阅读 When Maya joined her school newspaper in her second year, she was full of exciting plans. Her first suggestion was a weekly page about student life, with photos, jokes and short interviews. To her surprise, the head teacher rejected the whole idea. The rejection letter that came back hurt more than she had expected, and Maya felt deeply upset for the rest of the week. Nevertheless, she did not give up. She asked the teacher exactly what was wrong, wrote down every point, and spent the whole weekend redesigning her plan. When she handed in the new version, she was proud to see that not a single word had been copied from the old one. The new plan was accepted, but running the page turned out to be far harder than she had imagined. The newspaper club was nearly in debt because the printing costs were higher than its budget, and Maya rarely had time for homework. She had to slow the pace of the page from weekly to monthly, and the criticism from some readers stung her. Yet she stayed enthusiastic, treating every complaint as a gift that showed her exactly what to improve. Her teacher warned her that the school would not give the club a guarantee of support forever, so she had to make the page popular on her own. Every weekend, she walked around the school with a notebook, collecting small stories from students who had never been interviewed before. A year later, the outcome amazed everyone who had once doubted her. The page became the most-read section of the newspaper, and two local publishers asked to share her stories. Looking back, Maya says the whole struggle was worthwhile, not because of the praise, but because it taught her something permanent about herself: she is the kind of person who gets up again after every fall. That single lesson, she believes, is worth more than any prize a school can give, and it will stay with her long after the final year ends, wherever her life may lead. 1. Why did Maya feel upset at the beginning? A. Her homework was too difficult to finish. B. Her plan for a student-life page was rejected. C. She was asked to leave the newspaper club. D. She lost her camera during an interview. 2. What problem did the newspaper club face? A. The printing costs were higher than its budget. B. The head teacher closed the whole newspaper. C. No students were willing to write articles. D. The school refused to buy new computers. 3. How did Maya treat the criticism from readers? A. She stopped writing for several weeks. B. She asked her teacher to answer the readers. C. She regarded it as helpful suggestions for improvement. D. She complained about the readers to her friends. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. School newspapers are difficult to manage. B. Teachers should always support student clubs. C. Success comes easily to talented young people. D. Persistence in the face of setbacks finally pays off. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：debt, pace, rarely, rejection, nevertheless, criticism, guarantee, outcome, worthwhile, enthusiastic, upset, permanent Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The young man borrowed too much money and is now owing money to the bank. → The young man borrowed too much money and is now in ____________ to the bank. 2. We must follow the speed of the times if we want to stay competitive. → We must keep ____________ with the times if we want to stay competitive. 3. I seldom have time to watch films because of my busy school life. → I ____________ have time to watch films because of my busy school life. 4. He faced many refusals from companies before he finally got a job. → He faced many ____________ from companies before he finally got a job. 5. The task was very difficult; however, we finished it on time. → The task was very difficult; ____________, we finished it on time. 6. The singer is used to unfriendly remarks about her voice from the public. → The singer is used to ____________ about her voice from the public. 7. Nobody can make sure that you will succeed in the college entrance exam. → Nobody can ____________ that you will succeed in the college entrance exam. 8. Nobody knows the final result of the competition until next Monday. → Nobody knows the ____________ of the competition until next Monday. 9. It is worth spending the whole day visiting the old town. → It is ____________ to spend the whole day visiting the old town. 10. The students are all keen about the plan to plant trees in spring. → The students are all ____________ about the plan to plant trees in spring. 11. She felt sad about the result of the singing contest. → She felt ____________ about the result of the singing contest. 12. The library is open all year round, and the exhibition there is lasting, not temporary. → The library is open all year round, and the exhibition there is ____________. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：rejection → nevertheless → pace → debt → worthwhile → guarantee → rarely → upset → criticism → enthusiastic → outcome → permanent 复述模板（填空）： 露西收到十二封____________（退稿信），____________（然而）她不放弃，不抱怨进步____________（步伐）慢；借钱印稿，____________（债务）吓不倒她，她相信奋斗____________（值得的），尽管生活没有____________（保证）。 她____________（很少）有空闲，被批评后____________（难过）一天，却感谢____________（批评）并重写；她对每个点子都____________（热情的），最终____________（结果）出人意料成为畅销书。她说没有永远的（permanent）失败。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $