选择性必修四 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS（配套教参Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（北师大版）

该高中英语讲义围绕高考核心考点，整合词汇（核心单词、间考词汇、词块）、语法（过去分词作定语、情态动词+have done）、阅读、写作模块，按“基础积累—语法应用—综合技能”逻辑递进。通过考点梳理（如核心单词用法归纳）、方法指导（词形转换技巧）、真题训练（2024-2025年高考题）等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破难点。 资料突出“讲练结合”与“素养导向”，如核心单词结合教材原句与真题设计单句语法填空，培养语言能力；读后续写微技能通过“眼”动作描写的多样表达与仿写，提升思维品质。设置分层练习（词形转换、语法填空等），配合即时反馈，确保高效复习，为教师把控节奏、学生提升应考能力提供有力支持。

词块背诵 佳句赏析 1.call on the people to work together 呼吁人们共同努力 2．as long ago as in the 1920s 早在二十世纪二十年代 3．prove the theory mathematically 用数学证明理论 4．get the parcels delivered 包裹交付 5．organise community celebrations 组织社区庆祝活动 6．arrive at the train station 到达火车站 7．grasp the full meaning掌握全部含义 8．in the depth of despair 在极度绝望中 1.The ruler is short and the inch is long. 尺有所短，寸有所长。 2．The road is straight and people are straight. 路直有人走，人直有人交。 3．A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 4．Don't waste your time on a man/woman, who isn't willing to waste their time on you. 不要为那些不愿在你身上花费时间的人而浪费你的时间。 [核心单词] 1．envy n．&vt.羡慕；妒忌 [教材原句]　disagreements，envy，friction 分歧、嫉妒、摩擦 envy sb.(for)sth.羡慕/忌妒某人有某物 envy sb.doing sth.羡慕/忌妒某人做某事 feel envy at/of对……忌妒 out of envy出于忌妒 with envy羡慕地；忌妒地 be/become the envy of成为……忌妒或羡慕的目标 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I envy you 　_having　 (have) such a happy family. (2)He spoke ill of Bruce out　_of　 envy，which made Bruce unhappy. (3)They looked with envy at Tom's new car，which became 　_the　 envy of all the neighbours. [金句]——完成句子 (4)　How_everyone_will_envy_me　 when I come back and tell them about the amazing place I have been to! 当我回来告诉他们我去过的神奇地方时，每个人都会有多么羡慕我！ 2．apologise vi.道歉；谢罪 [教材原句] 　...they apologised and said they would make less noise from then on. ……他们道歉并说从那以后他们会减少噪音。 ①apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉 ②apology n．道歉；辩白 make/offer an apology to sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse an/one's apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I come to you, hat in hand, to apologise 　_for_　 the damage I had indirectly caused. (2)He offered me an 　apology　 (apologise) for losing my book. (3)You should make an apology　_to　 her for your carelessness. [金句]——完成句子 (4)After a while, she 　apologized_for_the_way_　 she behaved at the beginning. 事后她因刚开始的行为而向我道歉。 3．consequence n．结果；后果 [教材原句]　Well，the consequences of the change followed quickly. 好吧，改变的结果很快就出现了。 in consequence＝as a consequence结果 in consequence of＝as a consequence of作为……的结果 consequent adj.由……而起的；随之发生的 consequently adv.因此；所以；结果 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I was caught in the traffic and 　in　 consequence, I was late. (2)In consequence 　of　 the heavy snow, there was a power off yesterday. (3)He withdrew from political life and 　as　 a consequence, he was soon forgotten. (4)I was caught in the heavy rain and 　consequently　 (consequent) I was late. (5)(2025·浙江1月卷)Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural 　consequences　(consequent) of their decisions. [金句]——一句多译 他生病了，所以未能来。 He was ill，and 4．adopt v．收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度 [教材原句]　They apply to adopt a boy from an orphanage as they need help on their farm. 他们申请收养孤儿院的男孩，因为他们在农场需要帮助。 ①adopt one's suggestion/advice采纳某人的建议 adopt sb. as...选举某人为…… adopt an orphan收养一个孤儿 ②adoption n．采纳，采用，收养 adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)For many childless couples，　adoption　 (adopt) is the best solution. (2)(2025·全国一卷)Such an inviting column, 　adopting　(adopt) a “description and guess” approach, must expose everyone to others' characteristics, thus strengthening mutual understanding. (3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how 　to_adopt　 (adopt) this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. [金句]——完成句子 (4)Many people are eager to 　adopt_the_children_losing_their_parents_in_the_disaster　. 很多的人渴望收养在灾难中失去父母的孩子们。 5．dive vi.& n．(dived/dove，dived)潜水；跳水；俯冲 [教材原句] 　Then she dived down into the bedclothes again. 然后她又钻入了被褥里。 ①dive v．& n．跳水；潜水 go diving去潜水 make a dive for扑向；冲向 dive into迅速把手伸入；跳入(头朝下)；一心投入 ②表达“一心投入”的其他短语： devote oneself to, be devoted to absorb oneself in, be absorbed in bury oneself in, be buried in occupy oneself in, be occupied in [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)He dived 　into　 his pocket and took out a couple of coins. (2)The goalkeeper made a dive 　for　 the ball, but missed it. (3)Visitors to the beaches can enjoy many activities，including 　diving　 (dive), kayaking, and rock climbing. [金句]——完成句子 (4)He 　has_been_diving_into_the_history　 of Chinese literature recently. 最近他一直在潜心研究中国文学史。 [润中华] Wu Minxia dived into the water with perfect posture and won cheers. 吴敏霞用完美的姿势跳水，赢得了喝彩。 6．appeal vi. 有吸引力 vi &vt.呼吁，恳求；上诉 [教材原句] 　The acts appealing to children were particularly popular. 吸引儿童的行为特别受欢迎。 appeal to sb.for sth.为某事呼吁某人 appeal to sb.to do sth.呼吁某人做某事 appeal (to sb./sth.) against sth.(向……)上诉…… make/launch an appeal to sb.for sth.呼吁某人做某事 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2025·全国二卷)They appeal more 　to　 students. (2)The government of Greece appealed to the world 　for　 support to solve debt crisis. (3)We appeal to everyone 　to_live　 (live )a low carbon lifestyle. (4)The police made 　an　 appeal to the public to remain calm. [金句]——完成句子 (5)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I got back home, 　suddenly_riding_my_bike_didn't_seem_quite_as_appealing　. 当我回到家时，突然间骑自行车似乎不再那么吸引人了。 [间考词汇] 1．conflict n．冲突，矛盾 ►教师专用 ①conflict with与……冲突或抵触 ②in conflict冲突中；有矛盾；不一致 ③in conflict with 和……冲突；同……相冲突；与……有冲突 ④resolve conflict 解决冲突 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)How do you handle your conflict 　with　 your colleagues in your work? (2)Your statement is 　in　 conflict with the rest of the evidence. (3)Are trade and environment 　in　 conflict? (4)How do you 　resolve_conflict_on_a_project_team　？ 在一个团队中你如何解决矛盾？ 2．disagreement n．意见不和，分歧 ►教师专用 ①disagree v．不同意 ②agree v．同意 ③agreement n．协议 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Bring your completed Volunteer 　Agreement　 (agree) Form. (2)There were apparent 　disagreements　 (agreement) between their stories. (3)　An agreement seems to be impossible　 because the majority of the committee members are against it. 看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。 (4)　An_agreement_was_finally_reached　 between management and employees. 合资双方最终达成了协议。 3．encouragement n. 鼓励，鼓舞 ►教师专用 encourage v．鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)That 　encouragement　(encourage)helped me to get through the language barrier. (2)(2025·浙江1月卷)I encourage my daughter 　to_make　 (make) healthy snack choices and often dissuade(劝阻) her from a second dessert. (3)Refused as I was，　_I_still_received_some_great_encouragement　， which gives me confidence to be a writer. 虽然被拒绝了，但我仍然得到了一些很大的鼓励，这给了我成为一名作家的信心。 (4)I finally understood the reason 　why_my_mum_had_encouraged_me_not_to_give_up　. 我终于明白妈妈鼓励我不要放弃的原因了。 4．additionally adv. 除此之外，此外 ►教师专用 ①add v. 增加 addition n. 增加；加法 additional adj. 附加的，额外的 ②in addition“除此之外，另外”，是副词性短语，单独作状语。 in addition to“除……之外(还)”，是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词。 单句语法填空 (1)(2025·全国二卷)　Additionally　 (addition), the research didn't include all types of plastics. (2)The trains and the ships would carry these supplies for an 　additional　 (addition)price. 选词填空：(in addition/in addition to) (3)I can post the letter for you.　In_addition　， doing some walking does me good. 完成句子 (4)I am writing in response to 　your_request_for_additional_information　. 鉴于您要求额外的信息，我正在写信回复。 1.后缀­ment构成的名词集锦 2.后缀­sion高频名词集锦 ①encouragement　　鼓励 ②development 发展 ③disappointment 失望 ④excitement 兴奋 ⑤improvement 改善 ⑥treatment 对待 ⑦judgment 判断 ⑧movement 移动；运动 ①admission　　承认；允许进入 ②impression 印象 ③possession 拥有 ④conclusion 结论 ⑤confusion 困惑；混淆 ⑥permission 允许；许可 ⑦decision 决定 ⑧explosion 爆炸 1．hang out闲待，厮混 [教材原句]　The last person I took a photo of was my sister Daisy when we were hanging out last weekend at the park. 我拍的最后一张照片是我姐姐黛西，上周末我们在公园闲逛时。 ①hang on to紧紧抓住，紧跟不放，缠住，不肯放弃 ②hang in坚持 ③hang on稍等，别挂断 ④hang up 挂断电话； 搁置 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Hang　_on　 a minute—do you think I might have left anything out? (2)Hang 　in　 there, Tom. You can pass the university entrance exam! (3)The operator told me to hang 　up　 and dial the same number again. (4)I should hang　_on　 to those old photographs they may be valuable. [金句]——完成句子 (5)In spare time, most Chinese students study or surf the Internet while most American students 　hang_out　 with their friends. 在业余时间，大多数中国学生学习或上网，而大多数美国学生与朋友外出闲逛。 2．burst into突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等) [教材原句] 　I'm going to burst into tears! 我要泪流满面了！ burst in闯入； 突然出现 burst onto 突然爆发 burst out 突然说出；突然起来 [练通]——选词填空：(burst in, burst into, burst onto, burst out) (1)Seeing her classmates 　burst_out　 laughing because of her foolish mistakes，she was very embarrassed. (2)The police 　burst_in　 and arrested the gang. (3)He 　burst_into　 the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry. (4)A major new talent has 　burst_onto　 the literary scene. [金句]——完成句子 (5)Hearing the news that her son lost his life in an accident，　_the_mother_burst_into_tears.　 听到儿子在一次事故中丧生的消息，母亲突然泪流满面。 3．过去分词作定语 [教材原句]　Then，more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast. 然后，更多基于该概念的电影和电视节目被制作并播出。 ①过去分词作定语通常与所修饰的名词构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。 ②过去分词还可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。此时过去分词与句中的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2025·全国二卷)Does your soul die a little every time you throw away 　unused　(use) food? (2)　Used　 (use) with care，one tin will last for six weeks. (3)The teacher came in，　followed　 (follow) by a group of students. (4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the 　recognized　 (recognize) home of the soup dumpling but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. [金句]——完成句子 (5)　Have_you_read_the_novel_written　 by Dickens? 你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗？ 4．情态动词＋have＋done [教材原句]　“No boy! But there must have been a boy，”insisted Marilla. “不！但一定有一个男孩，”玛丽拉坚持说。 情态动词＋have done 对过去发生的事情或状态进行推理 must have done sth. “(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句。 can (could) have done sth. “本能够做某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定。 may (might) have done sth. “可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定。 [练通]——根据汉语提示填空 (1)Looking at the large empty apartment，I became aware of how lonely my mother 　must_have_been　 (一定也很……) in Brazil herself. (2)While safety improvements　_might_have_been　 (可能已经) made to our streets in recent years. (3)(2025·全国一卷)They　_could_have_written_pages　 (本可以写下数面内容) on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. [金句]——完成句子 (4)　Something_terrible_must_have_happened　 if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did. 如果李昌不像往常一样来他的餐馆吃饭，那肯定是有可怕的事情发生了。 [全练透] ►[维度1]　词形转换 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1．This is the most 　frequently　 (frequent) used method. 2．Winning the Albert Einstein Award is the highest achievement in 　theoretical　(theory) physics. 3．Michael and David watched the Beijing Opera，which they thought was very 　impressive　 (impression). 4．It's 　illegal　(legal) to cut down the trees on these hills. 5．(2024·浙江1月卷)It was like the tree was made of hard metal, and the mix of white and gray made everything look like it was winter, 　freezing　(frozen) winter. 6．He studied hard, and in 　consequence　(consequent) he passed the exam. 7．It was expressing some 　amazement　(amazing) and wonder at her good fortune. 8．The birds are 　additionally　(addition) protected in the reserves at Birsay. 9．The sinking ship 　appealed　(appeal) to the rescue team for help. 10．If you get up early, try not to 　disturb　(disturbing)everyone else. ►[维度2]　动词的形式变化和固定用法 在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1．　Adopted　 (adopt) son as Jim is，his foster parents are so kind to him. 2．Mr. Smith's house was broken into.And the police have launched an 　investigation　(investigate) into the incident. 3．Even on hot days，I prefer to hot Chinese tea rather 　than　 bottled water. 4．Last year，the Blacks moved to a house with an 　appealing　(appeal) garden. 5．Our head teacher is a young man who is kind and full of 　forgiveness　(forgive). 6．They chose a cafe where they could talk without 　interruption　(interrupt). 7．It's true that Sally failed.However，it's just at the moment she needs your 　encouragement　(encourage)． 8．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I flashed him an 　apologetic　 (apology)smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard. 9．　Disagreement　 (disagree) arose about exactly how to plan the show. 10．(2024·北京卷)Inconveniences are the cause of 　telling　 (tell) lies. [重落实] ►[维度3]　课文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Referring to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people，“Six Degrees of Separation” was first talked about as early 1.　as　 the 1920s. In the 1950s，two scientists made an attempt 2.　to_prove　 (prove) the theory 3.　mathematically　(mathematic)，but failed.In 1967，American sociologist Stanley Milgram tested the theory with a new method called the “small­world problem”，and it was this research 4.　that　 inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”. With the theory and the phrase 5.　having_appeared　 (appear) again in the last few decades，the name of “Six Degrees of Separation” was used 6.　as　 the title of a play and then a movie.Afterwards,7.　based　(base) on the concept，more movies and TV programmes were made and broadcast. In 2003，Milgram's experiment 8.　was_tried　(try) online.Known as the “Columbia Small­world Project”，the experiment 9.　whose　 results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain 10.　was　 (be) six involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.And most recently，in 2011 an experiment at the University of Milan found 92 percent social media users were connected by only four stages，or five degrees of separation. ►[维度4]　话题作文(人际关系短文) 假如你是李华，你校最近开展了中学生如何处理人际关系的讨论，请你写一篇你们小组的讨论总结，发表在英语校报上，写作要点： 1．做好自己； 2．尊重他人； 3．学会沟通。 注意：1.根据汉语提示补全作文； 2．词数80左右； 3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Recently，we held a heated discussion about how to live harmoniously in the school.Here are the opinions of our group. First of all，as middle school students,1.　we_should_be_kind_and_friendly_to_others，always_ready_to_give_a_helping_hand_to_those_in_need　(我们应该善待他人，随时准备向有需要的人伸出援助之手)．Besides,2.　we_must_behave_ourselves，obeying_both_class_and_school_rules_and_doing_what_we_can_for_the_class　(我们要表现自己，遵守班级和学校的规章制度，为班级做力所能及的事情)．Also，it matters a great deal to be honest and trustworthy in our daily life.Thirdly，we should respect the old and love the young，especially 3.　showing_concern_for_our_parents_and_our_teachers_by_understanding_them_and_following_their_instructions　(通过理解他们并遵循他们的指示来关心我们的父母和老师)．Last but not least，we should learn to communicate with others 4.　try_to_be_considerate_and_put_ourselves_in_others'_shoes，especially_when_frictions_come　(设身处地为他人着想，尤其是当有摩擦时)． We hope all of us can enjoy our school life. ►[维度5]　读后续写微技能(19)——动作描写“眼(eye)”(二) ●[多样表达] 1．keep an eye on注视 2．look sb.straight in the eye直视某人的眼睛 3．narrow one's eyes眯起眼睛 4．turn one's eyes to转向 5．shut one's eyes闭上眼睛 6．squeeze one's eyes shut紧紧闭上双眼 7．fix one's eyes on目光紧盯 8．hungry eyes on饥饿的目光，盯…… ●[佳句观摩] 1．安妮的父亲眯起眼睛，思忖着发生了什么事。 Anne's father narrowed his eyes，wondering what had happened. 2．听到门把手转动的声音，他向门那边看去。 He turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning. 3．看到安妮进来，她父亲困惑地上下打量着她。(形容词作状语) Eyeing Anne come in，her father eyed her up and down，confused. ●[好句仿写] 1．她蓝色的眼睛里噙满泪水，却留意着她父亲的神情。 Her blue eyes were full of tears，but she 　kept_an_eye_on_her_father's_expression　. 2．安妮直视父亲的眼睛，告诉了他真相。 Anne 　looked_her_father_straight_in_the_eye　 and told him the truth. 3．得知真相后他紧紧闭上双眼，咬了咬嘴唇，泪水滑下脸颊。 When he learned the truth，he 　shut_his_eyes_tightly_and_bit_his_lip　.Tears ran down his cheeks. [培优1]　单元知识高考链接 一、熟词生义 写出黑体词的词性和汉语意思 1．Don't worry，it's of no consequence.　n．重要性　 2．She was adopted as candidate for Wood Green.　v．选定；选举　 3．He chained his bicycle to the post. 　 v．拴到　 二、一词多义 根据语境选出parcel的含义 A. n．邮包，包裹　　　B．adj.部分的，业余的 C．n.一群 D．adv.部分地 E．n. 块 F．vt.打包 1．He was a jester(小丑) and a parcel poet. 　__B__　 2. He was parcel blind with age.　__D__　 3．She parceled some food for the boys to carry to their picnic.　___F__　 4．Their children were left to the ineffectual care of a parcel of servants.　___C__　 5．These small parcels of land were purchased for the most part by local people.　__E___　 6．This is the parcel which we have been expecting from New York. 　__A__　 [培优2]　高考语篇培素养——Topic：汽车主导的城市规划与行人友好的生活空间诉求 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 　　(2025·全国一卷)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility，especially among young children. Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty­six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it's time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 1.What phenomenon does the author point out in Paragraph 1? A．Cars often get stuck on the road. B．Traffic accidents occur frequently. C．People walk less and drive more. D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 2．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity. C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible. 3．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A．They boosted the sales of cars. B．They turned out largely ineffective. C．They won government support. D．They advocated building new parks. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the Rush? B．What's Next? C．Where to Stay? D．Who to Blame？ [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.(虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是少年儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里。)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。] 2．A　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor(市长) to champion ‘New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.’ (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫‘纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道。’)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。] 3．B　[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.(尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加。)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。] 4．A　[主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can't move safely around our communities？(我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗？)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush？(为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through(匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。] ◆素材积累 (一)由文本积累主题词块 1．show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility　行人流动性下降　 2．too much traffic on the roads　路上交通太拥挤了　 3．call for a rethink of our streets　呼吁重新思考我们的街道　 4．make way for new road networks　_为新的道路网络让路　 5．fail to account for the true cost　未能说明真实成本　 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 1．improvement n．　_改进　 2．destruction n．　毁灭　 3．replacement n．　替换　 4．expressway n．　高速公路　 5．widespread adj.　广泛的　 (三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填在横线上) 1．pack A．收拾　　B．包装　　C．包裹　　D．一包 ①There's a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge.　__B__　 ②I decided to pack a few things and take the kids to my mum's.　__A__　 ③He checked off his equipment and made sure his pack was tight.　__C__　 ④He smoked one and a half packs of cigarettes a day for about 25 years.　__D__　 2．account A．账户　　 B．账目　　C．认为是　　 D．描述 ①He gave a detailed account of what happened on the fateful night.　__D__　 ②I'd like to pay some money into my account.　__A__　 ③The accounts were formally approved by the board.　__B__　 ④The Chinese people are accounted industrious and brave.　__C__　 ◆长句缩写 1．While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian(行人) mobility, especially among young children. [句式剖析]　请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉，留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。 [While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years], transport studies(also) show declines [(in pedestrian(行人) mobility), (among young children)]. [句子缩写]　　Transport_studies_show_declines.　(不超过10个单词) 2．Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. [句式剖析]　请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉，留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。 [Most famously], a Canadian journalist (who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s) led a campaign (to stop the destruction of her local park). [句子缩写]　　A_Canadian_journalist_led_a_campaign.　(不超过10个单词) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $