Unit4语法(不定式作宾语补足语)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语讲义通过框架图系统梳理了“动词不定式作宾语补足语”的知识体系，将基础概念、常接动词清单、否定形式、省略to规则等要点按“概念-规则-辨析”逻辑组织，并用对比表格区分“动词+to do”与“动词+sb.+to do”的易混点，清晰呈现语法内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，如动词填空、单句改写、汉译英等题型覆盖基础到综合应用，结合“做题识别步骤”指导学生精准判断语法结构，培养语言运用和逻辑思维能力。基础题巩固规则，综合题提升迁移能力，教师可据此实施分层教学，助力学生自主复习效率提升。

Unit4 Digital life语法讲解与练习 语法：动词不定式 to do作宾语补足语 一、基础概念拆解 1. 什么是宾语补足语（宾补） 一句话句子主干：主语+谓语+宾语 很多句子写到宾语意思依然不完整，需要额外内容补充说明宾语的动作、状态，这部分成分就叫宾语补足语。 宾语补足语 = 用来补充描述宾语 “要做什么、怎么样” 2. 不定式作宾补标准句式 ✅ 主语+谓语动词 + 宾语（人/ 物）+ to do sth.（宾补） 结构拆分示范： My mum asks me to stop playing online games. 主语：My mum 谓语动词：asks 宾语：me（动作承受者） 宾补：to stop playing online games 👉 宾补 to stop… 是专门说明宾语 me 需要执行的动作。 3. 关键区分（极易混淆） ① 动词+ to do：to do 作宾语 He wants to surf the Internet. （want 后面直接加动作，没有宾语人，to surf 是宾语） ② 动词 + sb. + to do：to do 作宾语补足语 He wants me to surf the Internet. （want 后面先有人 me 作宾语，to surf 补充说明 me，属于宾补） 二、常接 sb. to do sth. 的谓语动词清单（课本核心词汇） 这类动词后面可以加人作宾语，再接 to do 作宾补。 1.ask sb. to do sth. 请求 / 要求某人做某事 例：The teacher asks us to protect personal information. 老师要求我们保护个人信息。 2.tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 例：Dad tells me to use digital tools to study. 爸爸告诉我利用数码工具学习。 3.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 例：I want my sister to stop watching short videos. 我想要妹妹停止刷短视频。 4.invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 例：He invited me to join his online meeting. 他邀请我参加他的线上会议。 5.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 例：My parents allow me to go online on weekends. 父母允许我周末上网。 6.encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 例：Teachers encourage us to learn through the Internet. 老师鼓励我们通过网络学习。 7.advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 例：Experts advise us to set safe passwords. 专家建议我们设置安全密码。 8.warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 例：The policeman warns us to stay away from strange links. 警察警告我们远离陌生链接。 9.order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 例：The manager ordered workers to finish the report. 经理命令员工完成报告。 10.wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 例：I wish you to make good use of digital life. 我希望你合理利用数字生活。 三、否定形式：动词 + sb. + not to do sth. 规则：在不定式符号 to 的前面直接加 not，不可以放在动词前面。 ✅ 正确结构：ask/tell/warn/advise sb. not to do sth. ❌ 错误：ask sb. don’t do /ask sb. to not do 1.Mum tells me not to spend too much time playing games. 妈妈告诉我不要花过多时间玩游戏。 2.He advised me not to share photos with online strangers. 他建议我不要和网友分享照片。 3.The guide warned us not to click unknown links. 向导警告我们不要点击未知链接。 四、重点语法：省略 to 的不定式作宾补（必考难点） 有一类感官动词、使役动词，主动语态中，后面宾补直接用动词原形（do），去掉 to。 记忆口诀：一感、二听、三让、四看、半帮助 一感：feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事 二听：hear sb. do；listen to sb. do 三让：make sb. do；let sb. do；have sb. do 四看：see sb. do；watch sb. do；notice sb. do；look at sb. do 半帮助：help sb. do = help sb. to do（to 可加、可省略） 例句： 1.The funny video makes us laugh. 这个有趣的视频让我们大笑。 2.I often hear her practise English on learning apps. 我经常听见她在学习软件上练习英语。 3.Let him finish searching for information first. 让他先完成资料查找。 4.I help my mum (to) operate the new computer. 我帮助妈妈操作新电脑。 ⚠️ 超级核心考点：被动语态必须还原 to！ 主动语态：make/see/hear sb. do（无 to） 被动语态：sb. be made/seen/heard to do（必须加 to） 例句对比： 主动：The boss made him work overtime. 被动：He was made to work overtime. 主动：We saw him enter the website. 被动：He was seen to enter the website. 五、易混辨析：sb. do sth. vs sb. doing sth. see /hear/watch /notice 这一组感官动词，有两种宾补形式，含义不同： 1.see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（强调看见动作全过程，或是经常性、习惯性动作） I often see him play games online. 我经常看见他玩网络游戏。（经常性动作） 2.see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事（强调经过那一刻，动作正在进行） I saw him playing games when I walked past his room. 我路过他房间时，看见他正在玩游戏。 同类动词通用这个规则：hear, watch, notice 例：I heard her singing when I opened the door. 我开门时听见她正在唱歌。 六、拓展：it 作形式宾语搭配不定式（单元拓展考点） 结构：主语 + find/make + it + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth. it 是形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的 to do，经常和宾补知识点混合考查。 The Internet makes it easy for us to get information. 互联网让我们获取信息变得简单。 七、做题识别步骤（考场实用方法） 1.找到句子谓语动词； 2.谓语后面紧跟人（宾语），后面再接动作 → 大概率 to do 作宾补； 3.如果谓语是 make/let/see/hear 等使役、感官动词（主动语态）→ 动词原形 do； 4.如果是被动语态 make/see/hear → 必须用 to do； 5.需要否定不定式时：not 放在 to 前面，not to do。 【配套专项练习】 第一大题：用所给动词适当形式填空 1.My mum asks me ________ (stop) playing games now. 2.The teacher advised us ________ (use) digital tools properly. 3.I want you ________ (not give) out your phone number online. 4.She invited me ________ (watch) a new online film. 5.Parents encourage children ________ (develop) good online habits. 6.The policeman warned us ________ (not click) strange links. 7.Don’t let him ________ (spend) all day on the Internet. 8.The funny video made everyone ________ (laugh). 9.I often hear her ________ (practise) English on the app. 10.He noticed a boy ________ (chat) online when he walked by. 11.My father allows me ________ (surf) the Internet at weekends. 12.Tell your sister ________ (not stay) up late for games. 13.We wish him ________ (make) good use of digital life. 14.Help me ________ (check) the information on the website. 15.The boss ordered workers ________ (finish) the work soon. 16.She was made ________ (turn) off her mobile phone in class. 17.I saw him ________ (type) messages when I entered the room. 18.Let’s ________ (learn) how to keep safe online. 19.The guide told us ________ (not share) photos with strangers. 20.Many schools advise students ________ (stay) away from bad websites. 21.Did you watch him ________ (operate) the new computer? 22.He felt his heart ________ (beat) fast after watching the scary video. 23.We hope our teacher ________ (help) us solve the problem. 24.Ask him ________ (not believe) all news on the Internet. 25.The Internet makes it easy for us ________ (get) information. 第二大题：单项选择 1.My teacher encourages me ______ more useful information online. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected 2.Mum tells me ______ too much time on short videos. A. don’t waste B. not waste C. not to waste D. to not waste 3.The strange news made all of us ______ surprised. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 4.I often see Tom ______ online games after school. A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays 5.When I passed his room, I heard him ______ with his friend online. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 6.Our school doesn’t allow students ______ mobile phones in class. A. use B. to use C. using D. used 7.The policeman warned us ______ our personal information online. A. not leave B. don’t leave C. not to leave D. to not leave 8.He was made ______ his password to the manager. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told 9.—What did you see just now? —I saw a girl ______ a live stream on her phone. A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched 10.I want ______ my cousin ______ digital technology well. A. teach; use B. to teach; use C. teach; to use D. to teach; to use 11.Don’t let him ______ everything he sees online. A. believe B. to believe C. believing D. believed 12.My friend invited me ______ an online concert together. A. enjoy B. to enjoy C. enjoying D. enjoyed 13.The doctor advised my father ______ too long before the screen. A. not sit B. don’t sit C. not to sit D. to not sit 14.Help your brother ______ how to search information safely. A. learn B. to learning C. learning D. learns 15.She wishes her son ______ the Internet to study instead of playing. A. use B. to use C. using D. used 第三大题：句子改写 1.“Don’t open strange websites,” Mum said to me.（合并简单句） Mum told me ________ ________ open strange websites. 2.The video made us understand digital safety.（改为被动语态） We ________ ________ ________ understand digital safety by the video. 3.He wants me to learn online skills.（改为否定句） He wants me ________ ________ learn online skills. 4.I saw him. He was chatting with strangers online.（合并句子） I saw him ________ ________ with strangers online. 5.The teacher encourages us to use the Internet wisely.（一般疑问句） ________ the teacher ________ you to use the Internet wisely? 6.My parents allow me to go online at weekends.（改为否定句） My parents ________ allow me ________ go online at weekends. 7.“Please keep your password secret,” he warned me.（同义转换） He warned me ________ ________ my password secret. 8.We often hear her sing English songs on the app.（被动改写） She ________ often ________ ________ sing English songs on the app. 9.I hope you can stop playing games too much.（用 advise 改写） I advise you ________ ________ playing games too much. 10.Let’s find some safe learning websites.（同义句） Let me ________ you ________ find some safe learning websites. 第四大题：汉译英 1.老师鼓励我们合理利用互联网。 ________________________________________________ 2.妈妈告诫我不要在网上泄露个人信息。 ________________________________________________ 3.这个视频让我们意识到网络安全的重要性。 ________________________________________________ 4.我看见他正在手机上浏览新闻。 ________________________________________________ 5.爸爸邀请我一起学习如何使用新软件。 ________________________________________________ 6.学校不允许学生上课时使用手机。 ________________________________________________ 7.他经常听见妹妹在网上练习英语口语。 ________________________________________________ 8.医生建议我们不要长时间盯着屏幕。 ________________________________________________ 9.没有人能迫使他远离网络游戏。 ________________________________________________ 10.我想要你学会辨别网络虚假信息。 ________________________________________________ Keys 一、动词适当形式填空 1.to stop 2. to use 3. not to give 4. to watch 5. to develop 6.not to click 7. spend 8. laugh 9. practise 10. chatting 11.to surf 12. not to stay 13. to make 14. (to) check 15. to finish 16.to turn 17. typing 18. learn 19. not to share 20. to stay 21.operate 22. beating 23. will help 24. not to believe 25. to get 二、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 三、句子改写 1.not to 2.were made to 3.not to 4.chatting 5.Does; encourage 6.don’t; to 7.to keep 8.is; heard to 9.to stop 10.help; to 四、汉译英参考译文 1.The teacher encourages us to use the Internet wisely. 2.Mum warns me not to give out my personal information online. 3.The video made us realize the importance of Internet safety. 4.I saw him browsing news on the mobile phone. 5.My father invited me to learn how to use the new software together. 6.Schools don’t allow students to use mobile phones in class. 7.He often hears his sister practise oral English online. 8.The doctor advises us not to stare at the screen for too long. 9.Nobody can make him stay away from online games. 10.I want you to learn to tell false information online. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $