Unit 6 Looking into Science课时7 The importance of scientific experiments 课时练习2026-2027学年冀教版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 初中英语九年级上Unit 6课时7同步练，分层递进设计覆盖词汇到语篇，强化语言能力与思维品质，适配新授课基础巩固与能力提升需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|核心词汇（15单词+8词组）、词形转换|直接对应课时重点词汇，如“philosopher”“trial-and-error method”，夯实语言能力基础| |进阶层|句型应用（10完成句子）、语法选择（10单选）、句子翻译|整合单元核心句型（如“by observing and experimenting”），强化语法（名词复数、副词转换）的语境应用| |综合层|语篇理解（2阅读+1完形）、信息提取（阅读综合）|通过科学方法、观察重要性等主题语篇，提升推理分析与跨文化理解能力，体现思维品质培养|

2026-2027学年冀教版九年级上 Unit 6 Looking into Science课时7 The importance of scientific experiments 课时练习 一、单词默写（根据汉语提示写出对应的英文单词，每题1分，共15分） 1. 哲学家（n.）__________ 2. 观察（v.）__________ 3. 物体（n.）__________ 4. 速率；速度（n.）__________ 5. 理论（n.）__________ 6. 贡献（n.）__________ 7. 试错法 __________ 8. 灯丝（n.）__________ 9. 灯泡（n.）__________ 10. 物质；材料（n.）__________ 11. 反应（v.）__________ 12. 气馁的；沮丧的（adj.）__________ 13. 巨人（n.）__________ 14. 调查；研究（n.）__________ 15. 高效的（adj.）__________ 二、词组默写（根据汉语提示写出对应的英文短语，每题1分，共8分） 1. 中世纪 __________ 2. 在同一时间 __________ 3. 以同样的速率 __________ 4. 做实验 __________ 5. 试错法 __________ 6. 利用；依靠 __________ 7. 烧完；烧光 __________ 8. 站在巨人的肩膀上 __________ 三、完成句子（根据汉语提示完成英文句子，每空词数不限，每题2分，共20分） 1. 罗杰·培根相信我们必须通过观察和实验来学习科学。 Roger Bacon believed that we must learn science by ______ and ______ on the things around us. 2. 他本人通过这种方式做出了许多重要发现。 He himself ______ many important ______ this way. 3. 伽利略·伽利雷生活在培根之后大约300年。 Galileo Galilei lived about 300 years ______ Bacon. 4. 他通过仔细观察发现了很多重要的真理。 He ______ many important truths through careful ______. 5. 在伽利略之前，像亚里士多德这样的人认为较重的物体会比较轻的物体下落得更快。 Before Galileo, people like Aristotle thought that ______ objects would fall faster than ______ ones. 6. 伽利略向他的朋友和其他科学家证明，球以相同的速率下落。 Galileo proved to his friends and other scientists that the balls fell ______ the ______ rate. 7. 伽利略认为人们应该走进大自然，通过实验来证明他们的观点和理论。 Galileo believed that people should go out into ______ and prove their opinions and theories by ______. 8. 在做新发现时，他们可能会使用试错法。 In making new discoveries, they may use the ______ method. 9. 爱迪生尝试了一千多种不同的灯丝，才找到他可以使用的。 Edison tried more than a thousand different ______ before he found one that he could ______. 10. 牛顿说他看得比别人更远，是因为他站在巨人的肩膀上。 Newton said he saw ______ than others because he stood on the ______ of giants. 四、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共10分） 1. Roger Bacon was a wonderful scientist and ______ (philosophy). 2. Galileo made great ______ (contribute) to the fields of physics and astronomy. 3. Scientists may use the trial-and-error method, or they may draw on past ______ (experience). 4. He needed a substance for the filament that would glow ______ (bright) without burning up quickly. 5. Edison was not ______ (discourage) by all the wasted time and failed experiments. 6. He kept notes and ______ (comparison) the results. 7. Scientists train themselves to use their brains ______ (efficient). 8. Galileo is often ______ (refer) to as the "father of modern science". 9. After each trial, he thought about how each new substance ______ (reaction). 10. This belief led to many great ______ (discover) of modern science. 五、单项选择（从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，每题1分，共10分） ( )1. Roger Bacon lived ______ 1214 to 1292. A. in B. from C. at D. since ( )2. We must learn science by observing and experimenting ______ the things around us. A. on B. for C. at D. with ( )3. Galileo decided to ______ an experiment. A. do B. make C. run D. take ( )4. He proved that the balls fell at the same ______. A. rate B. speed C. rate D. quick ( )5. He dropped them both ______ the same time. A. on B. in C. at D. for ( )6. Scientists may draw ______ past experiences. A. on B. with C. from D. in ( )7. He needed a substance that would glow brightly ______ burning up quickly. A. with B. without C. for D. by ( )8. Edison tried more than a thousand different filaments ______ he found one. A. when B. since C. before D. after ( )9. I have found one thousand materials that ______ work. A. won't B. will C. don't D. aren't ( )10. Newton saw further than others because he stood on the ______ of giants. A. heads B. shoulders C. feet D. hands 六、将下列句子翻译成英文（每题2分，共10分） 1. 罗杰·培根相信我们必须通过观察和实验来学习科学。   2. 伽利略证明，轻重物体以相同的速率下落。   3. 爱迪生尝试了一千多种不同的材料才找到合适的。   4. 科学家应该通过实验来证明他们的观点和理论。   5. 牛顿说他看得更远是因为他站在巨人的肩膀上。   七、阅读理解（阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，每题2分，共20分） A The Scientific Method The scientific method is a way of thinking that helps scientists discover new truths about the world. It has been used for centuries and has led to many important discoveries. The first step is to ask a question. Scientists are curious about the world and want to understand how things work. The second step is to do background research. Scientists learn what others have already discovered. The third step is to form a hypothesis, which is an educated guess about the answer to the question. The fourth step is to test the hypothesis through experiments. The fifth step is to analyze the data and draw a conclusion. If the hypothesis is not supported, scientists revise their hypothesis and test again. The scientific method is not just for scientists. Anyone can use it to solve problems and make decisions. For example, if your phone stops working, you can ask why, think of possible causes, test each one, and find the solution. This is the scientific method in action. ( )1. What is the first step of the scientific method? A. Form a hypothesis. B. Ask a question. C. Do background research. D. Analyze data. ( )2. What is a hypothesis? A. A fact that is always true. B. An educated guess about the answer to a question. C. The result of an experiment. D. A question about the world. ( )3. What should scientists do if their hypothesis is not supported? A. Give up the experiment. B. Revise the hypothesis and test again. C. Ignore the results. D. Ask another scientist to do the experiment. ( )4. According to the passage, who can use the scientific method? A. Only scientists. B. Only students. C. Anyone. D. Only teachers. ( )5. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To describe the steps of the scientific method. B. To explain why science is important. C. To list famous scientists. D. To compare different scientific methods. B The Power of Observation Observation is one of the most important skills in science. Many great discoveries were made not through complex instruments, but through careful observation of the natural world. Galileo Galilei is a perfect example. He noticed that when he dropped two objects of different weights, they seemed to hit the ground at the same time. This observation contradicted Aristotle's theory that heavier objects fall faster. Galileo did not just accept the common belief. He conducted experiments to test his observations and proved that all objects fall at the same rate regardless of their weight. Another example is Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin. In 1928, Fleming noticed that a mold had grown on a petri dish and was killing the bacteria around it. Instead of throwing the dish away, he observed carefully and realized that the mold was producing a substance that killed bacteria. This observation led to the discovery of penicillin, which has saved millions of lives. These stories show that observation is not just about looking — it is about noticing details that others might miss. A good observer asks "why" and "how" and is always ready to learn from what they see. ( )6. What did Galileo observe that contradicted Aristotle's theory? A. Heavier objects fall faster. B. Objects of different weights fall at the same rate. C. Objects fall at different rates. D. Weight does not affect falling speed at all. ( )7. What was Galileo's reaction to his observation? A. He accepted the common belief. B. He conducted experiments to test it. C. He ignored it. D. He wrote a book about it. ( )8. What did Alexander Fleming discover? A. A new type of bacteria. B. Penicillin. C. A new mold. D. A new type of petri dish. ( )9. What did Fleming notice on the petri dish? A. A new type of bacteria. B. A mold that was killing bacteria. C. A change in temperature. D. A chemical reaction. ( )10. What does the passage suggest about good observers? A. They only look at big things. B. They notice details that others might miss. C. They never ask questions. D. They only work in laboratories. 八、完形填空（阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，每题1分，共10分） I have always been fascinated by how scientists make discoveries. When I read about Galileo, I was 1. ______ by his courage to challenge old beliefs. He did not just accept what others 2. ______ — he tested things for himself. I 3. ______ to do a simple experiment at home. I took two objects of different weights — a small stone and a large one. I dropped them from the same 4. ______. To my surprise, they hit the ground at 5. ______ the same time. It was just like Galileo said! This experiment taught me the importance of 6. ______. We should not just believe everything we hear. We should test things and see for 7. ______. Science is not about memorizing facts — it is about thinking and 8. ______ questions. Now, whenever I face a 9. ______, I try to think like a scientist. I observe, ask questions, and test my ideas. It makes learning much more 10. ______ and exciting. ( )1. A. bored B. inspired C. confused D. tired ( )2. A. said B. did C. thought D. heard ( )3. A. refused B. decided C. forgot D. hated ( )4. A. height B. weight C. speed D. distance ( )5. A. exactly B. almost C. never D. hardly ( )6. A. reading B. writing C. experimenting D. memorizing ( )7. A. yourself B. myself C. ourselves D. themselves ( )8. A. answering B. asking C. avoiding D. forgetting ( )9. A. problem B. success C. discovery D. solution ( )10. A. difficult B. boring C. interesting D. stressful 九、阅读综合（阅读短文，完成判断正误并回答问题，每题2分，共10分） Isaac Newton and His Discoveries Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was one of the greatest scientists in history. He made important contributions to physics, mathematics, and astronomy. His most famous work is the law of universal gravitation, which explains why objects fall to the ground and why planets orbit the sun. Newton's discoveries were not accidental. He built upon the work of scientists who came before him. He once said, "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." He meant that he had learned from the discoveries of others, like Galileo and Kepler. Newton also developed the three laws of motion, which explain how objects move. He also invented calculus, a branch of mathematics that is still used today. His book "Principia" is considered one of the most important scientific books ever written. Newton was also a curious observer. He once saw an apple fall from a tree and wondered why it fell straight down instead of sideways or upward. This simple observation led him to think about gravity and develop his theory. Part A: 根据短文内容判断句子正误，正确写(T)，错误写(F)（每题1分，共5分） ( )1. Isaac Newton lived from 1642 to 1727. ( )2. Newton's law of universal gravitation explains why planets orbit the sun. ( )3. Newton said he saw further because he was taller than others. ( )4. Newton invented a branch of mathematics called calculus. ( )5. Newton discovered gravity because he was hit by an apple. Part B: 根据短文内容回答下列问题（每题1分，共5分） 6. What is Newton's most famous work?   7. What did Newton mean by "standing on the shoulders of giants"?   8. How many laws of motion did Newton develop?   9. What is the name of Newton's famous book?   10. What simple observation led Newton to think about gravity?   参考答案 一、单词默写 1. philosopher 2. observe 3. object 4. rate 5. theory 6. contribution 7. trial-and-error method 8. filament 9. bulb 10. substance 11. react 12. discouraged 13. giant 14. investigation 15. efficient 二、词组默写 1. the Middle Ages 2. at the same time 3. at the same rate 4. run an experiment 5. trial-and-error method 6. draw on 7. burn up 8. stand on the shoulders of giants 三、完成句子 1. observing; experimenting 2. made; discoveries 3. after 4. discovered; observation 5. heavier; lighter 6. at; same 7. nature; experiment 8. trial-and-error 9. filaments; use 10. further; shoulders 四、词形填空 1. philosopher 2. contributions 3. experiences 4. brightly 5. discouraged 6. compared 7. efficiently 8. referred 9. reacted 10. discoveries 五、单项选择 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B 六、句子翻译 1. Roger Bacon believed that we must learn science by observing and experimenting. 2. Galileo proved that heavy and light objects fall at the same rate. 3. Edison tried more than a thousand different materials before he found the right one. 4. Scientists should prove their opinions and theories through experiments. 5. Newton said he saw further because he stood on the shoulders of giants. 七、阅读理解 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. B 八、完形填空 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C 九、阅读综合 Part A 判断正误 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F Part B 回答问题 6. His most famous work is the law of universal gravitation. 7. He meant that he had learned from the discoveries of scientists who came before him. 8. He developed three laws of motion. 9. His famous book is "Principia". 10. He saw an apple fall from a tree and wondered why it fell straight down. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $