摘要:
**基本信息**
聚焦动词不定式(目的状语、复合宾语)与并列连词三大语法点,通过“精讲核心要点+精练分层题型”构建系统性方法体系,强化语言运用与逻辑思维。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|动词不定式作目的状语|3要点+2对比例|区分位置灵活/与for的动作-功能差异,提炼use/need...to do句型|从基本用法(表目的)到特殊结构(否定/句型)递进|
|复合宾语结构|3类动词+5例句|归纳使役/感官动词后省to规则,建立“动词+宾语+不定式”模型|按动词语义分类(允许/使让/感官),明确不定式功能|
|并列连词运用|3关系+3例句|通过语境辨析and(顺承)/but(转折)/or(选择)的逻辑关系|结合季节描述场景,实现语法与语用结合|
内容正文:
八年级英语上册Unit 6 Seasons语法专项精讲精练
语法精讲
一、动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式(to do)在句中可以用来表示某一动作或状态的目的,相当于“为了……”。其否定形式为“in order not to do”或“not to do”。
核心要点:
1. 位置灵活:可置于句首(常用逗号与主句隔开,起强调作用),也可置于句尾。 例:
To keep warm, birds fly to the south in winter. (为了保暖,鸟儿在冬天飞往南方。)
We wear heavy coats to keep out the cold. (我们穿厚外套以抵御寒冷。)
2. 与“for + 名词”的区别:不定式强调动作目的,而“for”后常接名词。 例:
This machine is used to cut grass. (这台机器用来割草。——强调动作)
This machine is for cutting grass. (这台机器是用于割草的。——强调功能。)
3. 常用句型:use...to do... (用……来做……);need...to do... (需要……来做……)。
二、“动词 + 宾语 + 动词不定式”结构(复合宾语)
在本单元中,部分及物动词后常接“名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式”构成复合宾语。
不定式充当宾语补足语,对宾语进行补充说明。
常见三类动词:
1. 表示“允许/迫使”:ask, tell, want, teach, warn, allow, encourage 例:
My mother asks me to take an umbrella because it may rain.
(妈妈让我带把伞,因为可能下雨。)
The cold weather warns people to put on more clothes.
(寒冷的天气警示人们多穿衣服。)
2. 表示“使/让”:make, let, have (注意:make和let后接不定式时,要省略“to”,即 make/let + 宾语 + 动词原形) 例:
The exciting snow makes me forget the cold. (令人兴奋的雪让我忘记了寒冷。——此处 forget 前省略了 to)
3. 感官动词:see, hear, watch, feel
(同样接不带to的动词原形,表示看到/听到动作的 全过程或经常发生) 例:
I often hear the children sing songs about seasons. (我经常听到孩子们唱关于季节的歌。)
三、并列连词 and, but, or 的运用
本单元阅读与写作中常需描述天气及活动,连词能使句子更流畅。
and:表示顺承、并列或递进关系(“和;并且”)。
but:表示转折关系(“但是”),前后语义相反。
or:表示选择关系(“或者”),在否定句中常译为“也不”,表示并列的否定成分。
语法精练
题型一:用所给动词的适当形式填空(考察不定式作目的状语及复合宾语中的不定式)
1. The farmer works hard on the farm __________ (feed) his cows and sheep in winter.
2. My father often tells me __________ (not play) near the lake when it is icy.
3. To enjoy the beautiful autumn leaves, we ________ (decide) to go to the park last Sunday.
4. The strong wind made the trees __________ (shake) heavily last night.
5. We should do something __________ (protect) the wild animals from the cold weather.
6. The teacher encourages every student __________ (join) the winter camping activity.
7. Did you see anyone __________ (enter) the garden when you passed by?
题型二:同义句转换(每空一词)(考察目的状语与并列句的表达)
1. People go to the south in order to enjoy warm weather.
People go to the south __________ __________ enjoy warm weather.
2. The sun shines brightly. It gives us light and heat. (合并为一句)
The sun shines brightly __________ gives us light and heat.
3. Put on your gloves. You will not get your hands cold. (用 or 合并)
Put on your gloves, __________ your hands will get cold.
4. The snow is very deep. We can’t go out for a walk. (用 so...that... 改写,但保留不定式)
The snow is too deep __________ __________ __________ out for a walk.
5. She wanted to know more about the weather. She watched the news. (不定式作目的状语)
__________ __________ __________ more about the weather, she watched the news.
题型三:单项选择(考察辨析连词及不定式的省略 to 的情况)
1. The weather report says it will be rainy tomorrow, ________ I still plan to go for a picnic.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
2. Please keep quiet. The heavy rain makes it hard for us __________ each other.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
3. You had better __________ your scarf. It’s freezing outside.
A. to wear B. wearing C. wear D. wore
4. We all like autumn __________ we can see many colourful leaves.
A. but B. or C. because D. although
5. The teacher asked the students __________ their homework to school the next day.
A. bring B. bringing C. to bring D. brought
题型四:根据中文意思完成句子(短语实用,贴近生活)(考察综合运用本单元语法点)
1. 为了躲避夏日酷暑,许多动物选择在白天睡觉。
_____ ____ the hot summer sun, many animals choose ______ _____ during the daytime.
2. 昨晚的暴风雪迫使机场关闭了两个小时。
The snowstorm last night ________ the airport _______ ________ for two hours.
3. 快点,否则你会错过这趟开往北方的列车。
Hurry up, ________ you will ________ the train to the north.
4. 春天是放风筝的好时节,但风不能太大。
Spring is a good time _______ _______ kites, _______ the wind shouldn’t be too strong.
5. 妈妈警告我不要在结冰的河面上行走,因为它很危险。
My mother ______ me _____ ______ walk on the icy river because it is very dangerous.
解析版参考答案与解析
题型一
1. to feed(解析:农场主努力工作,目的是喂养牲畜。)
2. not to play(解析:tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事。)
3. decided(解析:此空在句中作谓语,描述过去发生的事,用一般过去时。不定式 To enjoy... 作目的状语置于句首。)
4. shake (解析:make 为使役动词,后接宾语 the trees,补足语用省略 to 的不定式,即动词原形。)
5. to protect(解析:我们应该做点事情,目的是保护动物。)
6. to join (解析:encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。)
7. enter (解析:see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事的全过程,用动词原形。)
题型二
1. so as to (解析:in order to 与 so as to 同义,均表示“为了”,但 so as to 一般不置于句首。)
2. and (解析:前后两个动作顺承,太阳明亮地照耀,并且给予我们光和热。)
3. or (解析:祈使句 + or + 陈述句,表示“否则,要不然”。)
4. for us to go(解析:too + 形容词/副词 + for sb. to do sth. 表示“太……而不能……”)
5. To know / In order to know(解析:不定式作目的状语置于句首,表强调。)
题型三
1. B(解析:明天有雨,“我”仍然计划去野餐,前后为转折关系。)
2. B(解析:make it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式 to hear。)
3. C(解析:had better 后接动词原形,为固定用法。)
4. C(解析:我们喜欢秋天,因为能看到很多彩色的叶子,前后为因果关系。)
5. C(解析:ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事。)
题型四
1. To avoid; to sleep(解析:第一空用不定式表目的;第二空 choose to do。)
2. made; close down(解析:make sb. do 用原形;close down 意为“关闭,停业”。)
3. or; miss(解析:or 表否则;miss 意为“错过”。)
4. to fly; but(解析:a good time to do;风不能太大,与前文构成转折。)
5. warns; not to(解析:warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事。)
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