Unit 6 Starting out & Understanding ideas-分级课时练习-2026-2027学年高中英语外研版必修第二册

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过A级基础巩固与B级能力提升的分层设计，构建从词汇语法到语篇应用的递进式知识巩固路径，适配高中英语课时教学目标，助力语言能力与思维品质协同发展。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A级|基础词汇（如extinct→extinction）、核心句型（动词-ing作状语）、基础写作|单句语法填空聚焦词性转换，阅读微写作整合课文词汇（如fin, extinction），实现单一知识点到简单语篇的过渡| |B级|语篇理解、逻辑衔接、语法综合应用|阅读理解结合环保主题培养信息筛选能力，七选五训练语篇逻辑，语篇填空融合语法（非谓语、定语从句）与主题语境，体现从基础到综合的能力跃升|

Starting out & Understanding ideas A级 必备知识基础 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Many species of plants and animals are in danger of 　　　　　　(extinct).  2.　　　　　　(fortunate),no one was hurt on the plane,which later landed safely at the city’s airport.  3.I was so 　　　　　　(scare) that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak.  4.　　　　　　(sustain) tourism,which differs from other kinds of tourism,will do no damage to our environment.  5.Finning is the most extreme example of 　　　　　　(cruel) to animals such as sharks I have ever seen.  6.The efforts of these young men will result in the 　　　　　　(establish) of the largest nature reserve in this region.  7.People 　　　　　　(refer) to as “white collar workers” usually work in offices.  8.The number of students in the school 　　　　　　　　　 (decrease) over the past year.  9.She felt herself being in the ocean of sadness when seeing her son’s attitude 　　　　　　her.  10.School will be targeted 　　　　　　boys and girls of all ability levels aged between 8 and 15.  Ⅱ.选词填空 be based on,rather than,have an effect on,be scared of,in fear,cut off,the other way round,due to 1.Power was 　　　　　　　　　　 immediately,leaving the room in darkness.  2.It was 　　　　　　　　　 lack of money that many students dropped out of school.  3.Hearing the bad news,they stood there 　　　　　　　　　 and trembling,not knowing how to do it.  4.The story in my composition 　　　　　　　　　 a real-life experience of my family.  5.In my speech about overcoming fears,I shared how I used to 　　　　　　　　　　　 public speaking.  6.When writing a speech about environmental protection,we can talk about how pollution 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the ecosystem.  7.I think it should probably be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with Daniel’s team taking the lead and our team providing support.  8.Successful leaders can see an opportunity in every difficulty 　　　　　　　　　 a difficulty in every opportunity.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.这部影片取得了巨大成功,吸引了全世界大量观众。(动词-ing形式作结果状语) This film was a great success,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 from all over the world.  2.教学是一份需要极大的爱心和耐心的工作。(动词-ing形式作主语) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 requires great love and patience.  3.昨天晚上我们正在打包行李,突然被告知旅行取消了。(was doing...when) Last night 　　　　　　　　　　　　 when we were informed that the journey was cancelled.  4.克鲁索(两眼死死地)盯着脚印,内心充满了恐惧。(形容词短语作状语) Crusoe stared at the footprint,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.并非所有食物都有益于你的健康。(部分否定) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 your health.  Ⅳ.阅读微写作 请再读“SHARKS:DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED?”,注意文中的单词、短语和句型,并完成下列练习。 Activity 1　单句写作 1.鲨鱼是海洋中危险的鱼类。 Sharks 　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the ocean.  2.由于鲨鱼的残忍,人们非常害怕它们。(due to) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,people are scared of them very much.  3.如果有人潜入大海,他可能会成为鲨鱼攻击的目标。(target) If someone dives into the sea,he may 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a shark attack.  4.通过大量的研究,我们发现为获取鱼翅而过度捕杀很可能导致鲨鱼灭绝。(fin,extinction) Through plenty of research,we find that too much hunting for shark fins is likely to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  5.幸运的是,人们对鲨鱼的态度已经改变。(fortunately,attitude) 　　　　,　　　　　　　　　　　 sharks have changed.  6.致力于海洋研究的科学家强调,我们应该建立鲨鱼保护区。(devoted to) Scientists 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 highlight that we should establish shark reserves.  Activity 2　选取上面至少5个句子组成一篇不少于80词的短文(注意使用恰当的衔接词) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B级 能力素养提升 Ⅴ.阅读理解 (2026河北张家口高一上期末) Do you know what is living in your backyard? Almost 380 of the 1,900 nationally listed threatened species can be found in urban areas across Australia and are facing extinction.The latest five-yearly State of the Environment report was released in July and found there are growing pressures on Australian urban wildlife mainly from the reduction of habitat. The report found that there are now more than 1,900 species listed as threatened;of these,42 extremely endangered species have no protection in the National Reserve System,which is Australia’s network of protected areas.The number of Australia’s threatened species has seen an 8 percent rise since 2016,reaching 1,918 in June 2021,up from 1,774 in 2016. To address this problem,the World Wide Fund for Nature has released a backyard tool for everyday Australians to use to help save some of the endangered wildlife found in urban areas.It’s a tool to help local people identify such species found in their backyards and report their findings to the Fund and the authorities.Released on Tuesday,the new interactive tool “My Backyard” allows users to discover which threatened species live in their local area and what measures can be taken to help protect them. WWF-Australia chief conservation officer Rachel Lowry said people might be surprised to learn that bushland and forests near cities are home to some of Australia’s rare animals. “It is a fun and interactive tool that also makes it easier for people to take action,to reach out to their local authorities and call for better protection of our unique Australian wildlife,” Ms Lowry said. “Generally,Australia’s native animals are under increasing pressure from climate change,habitat loss,shortage of food,pollution or hunting.But I’d also argue that our silence is affecting our threatened species because they need our voices now more than ever,” she added. 1.What is the main reason for growing pressures on Australian wildlife according to the report? A.Habitat loss. B.Shortage of food. C.Pollution. D.Overhunting. 2.What do the numbers in paragraph 3 show? A.Urban areas host most species. B.Protection measures are working. C.The reporting system is useless. D.More species are at risk of extinction. 3.What is the purpose of the “My Backyard” tool? A.To collect money for animal treatment. B.To educate users on climate science. C.To identify and report local rare species. D.To help create fun games for families. 4.What does Rachel Lowry think of the tool? A.User-friendly. B.Costly. C.Worthless. D.Experimental. Ⅵ.七选五 (2026湖北孝感楚天协作体高一上期末) Farmers use different kinds of soil conservation methods to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of nature.　1　   Windbreaks(防风林) are barriers formed by trees and other plants.Farmers plant these barriers around their fields.　2　 They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops.They are very important for protecting grain crops.  3　 Studies in parts of West Africa,for example,found that grain harvests can be twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without such protection.　4　 If the wall of trees and plants blocks the wind completely,then violent air motions will take place close to the ground,which will lift soil into the air where it will be blown away.  For this reason,a windbreak is best if it has only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants needed to make a solid line.An easy rule to remember is that a windbreak can protect an area up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak.　5　 Start with large trees.Follow with,right next to it,shorter trees and other plants with leaves.Locally grown trees and plants are best for windbreaks.  A.There have been studies done on windbreaks. B.There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. C.Good soil produces good crops for both humans and animals. D.They protect the soil from being blown away by the wind. E.One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. F.Therefore,it is of great importance for the farmers to build windbreaks. G.However,it is favorable for windbreaks to allow a little wind to pass through them. Ⅶ.语篇填空 (2026湖北武汉六校高一上期末) The “Ecological Protection Red Line” is a crucial policy in China aimed at safeguarding nature,1.　　　　　　(display) that these areas receive special protection and cannot be used for urban construction or 2.　　　　　　(industry) development. 3.　　　　　　(intend) to keep China’s key natural areas secure and healthy,this “red line” requires these regions to provide clean air and fresh water for humans 4.　　　　　　 serve as homes for numerous animal and plant species.5.　　　　　　 they’re trying to achieve is that a better environment with beautiful landscapes is ensured for future generations.  To date,over 30% of China’s land area 6.　　　　　　(manage) according to this red line.This includes areas like the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,7.　　　　　　 is known as “Asia’s Water Tower” since many major rivers originate from there.The protection of these regions contributes to combating climate change and preserving variety of life.  The Ecological Protection Red Line acts as a lifeline for nature.It demonstrates China’s strong commitment to building 8.　　　　　　 “Ecological Civilization” where humans and nature coexist 9.　　　　　　(harmonious).Essentially,it is a precious gift we pass on 10.　　　　　　 the next generation.  知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.threaten v.　　　　　　   2.urban adj.　　　　　　   3.extinction n.　　　　　　   4.habitat n.　　　　　　   5.identify v.　　　　　　   6.conservation n.　　　　　　   7.rare adj.　　　　　　　　　   8.barrier n.　　　　　　   9.originate v.　　　　　　   10.commitment n.　　　　　　   11.harmonious adj.　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.release本文义:v.　　　　　　　  其他义:v.　　　　　　   2.voice 本文义:n.　　　　　　　  其他义:n.　　　　　　　v.　　　　　　   3.solid 本文义:adj.　　　　　　　　  其他义:adj.　　　　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.take action 　　　　　  2.call for 　　　　　  3.pass on 　　　　　  四、长难句分析 If the wall of trees and plants blocks the wind completely,then violent air motions will take place close to the ground,which will lift soil into the air where it will be blown away. 分析:本句是主从复合句。If the wall...completely 是if引导的　　　　　　 从句;主句为“violent air motions will take place...”;which will lift...是which引导的　　　　　　　　　从句,修饰前面整个主句内容;where it will be blown away 是where引导的　　　　　　从句,修饰先行词the air。  句意:  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.extinction　2.Fortunately　3.scared　4.Sustainable　5.cruelty 6.establishment　7.referred　8.has decreased　9.towards　10.at Ⅱ.1.cut off　2.due to　3.in fear　4.is based on　5.be scared of 6.has an effect on　7.the other way round　8.rather than Ⅲ.1.attracting huge audiences　2.Teaching is a job that/which 3.we were packing　4.full of fear　5.Not all the food is good for Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.are dangerous fish　2.Due to the cruelty of sharks　3.become the target of 4.lead to the extinction of sharks　5.Fortunately;attitudes towards 6.who are devoted to ocean research Activity 2 Sharks are dangerous fish in the ocean.Due to the cruelty of sharks,people are scared of them very much.If someone dives into the sea,he may become the target of a shark attack.Through plenty of research,we find that too much hunting for shark fins is likely to lead to the extinction of sharks.Fortunately,attitudes towards sharks have changed.Scientists who are devoted to ocean research highlight that we should establish shark reserves. Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出,澳大利亚城市野生动物因栖息地丧失面临巨大生存压力。为此,世界自然基金会推出“My Backyard”工具,旨在帮助公众识别并保护濒危物种。 1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The latest five-yearly State of the Environment report was released in July and found there are growing pressures on Australian urban wildlife mainly from the reduction of habitat.”可知,根据这份报告,澳大利亚野生动物面临的压力不断增大的主要原因是栖息地的丧失。 2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段“The report found that there are now more than 1,900 species listed as threatened;of these,42 extremely endangered species have no protection in the National Reserve System,which is Australia’s network of protected areas.The number of Australia’s threatened species has seen an 8 percent rise since 2016,reaching 1,918 in June 2021,up from 1,774 in 2016.”可知,第三段中的数字表明,更多的物种面临灭绝的危险。 3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It’s a tool to help local people identify such species found in their backyards and report their findings to the Fund and the authorities.”可知,这个工具的目的是帮助当地人识别并报告当地的珍稀物种。 4.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘It is a fun and interactive tool that also makes it easier for people to take action,to reach out to their local authorities and call for better protection of our unique Australian wildlife,’ Ms Lowry said.”可知,瑞秋·洛里认为这个工具操作简便。 Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了土壤保护的重要方式——防风林。它能防风护土、提高产量,但不宜完全挡风,最好留缝隙,且至少种两排树木,以达到最佳保护效果。 1.E　根据上文 “Farmers use different kinds of soil conservation methods to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of nature.” 可知,第一段总起讲土壤保护的方法,第二段开头立刻讲防风林,可知本句承上启下,引出本文核心——一种重要的土壤保护的方法就是防风林。 2.D　根据上文 “Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants.Farmers plant these barriers around their fields.” 以及下文 “They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops.They are very important for protecting grain crops.” 可知,前一句提到农民在田地周围种防风林,后一句说明它们还能防止风破坏庄稼。故本句讲防风林保护土壤不被吹走,和后一句形成递进。故 D 项 “They protect the soil from being blown away by the wind” 符合语境。 3.A　根据下文 “Studies in parts of West Africa,for example,found that grain harvests can be twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without such protection.” 可知,下文提到了一项研究,推测本句引出下文的研究内容,故 A 项 “已经有关于防风林的研究” 符合语境。 4.G　根据上文 “Studies in parts of West Africa,for example,found that grain harvests can be twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without such protection.” 以及下文 “If the wall of trees and plants blocks the wind completely,then violent air motions will take place close to the ground,which will lift soil into the air where it will be blown away.” 可知,上文讲防风林的好处,下文讲如果完全挡住风,反而不好。故本句为转折,故G项 “但是,防风林最好能允许少量的风穿过” 符合语境。 5.B　根据下文 “Start with large trees.Follow with,right next to it,shorter trees and other plants with leaves.Locally grown trees and plants are best for windbreaks.” 可知,下文主要说明了防风林至少要有两排,故B选项 “每个防风林至少应有两条林带” 符合语境。 Ⅶ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国生态保护红线政策,说明了其目的、覆盖范围与意义,彰显中国建设生态文明、实现人与自然和谐共生的决心。 1.displaying　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语,与句子主语构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填displaying。 2.industrial　考查形容词。修饰名词development用形容词。故填industrial。 3.Intended　考查非谓语动词。be intended to do表示“旨在……”,此处为过去分词作状语,句首首字母大写。故填Intended。 4.and　考查连词。provide和serve为并列关系,故填and。 5.What　考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句,从句缺少宾语,指物,故用what,句首首字母大写。故填What。 6.has been managed　考查动词的时态和语态。主语over 30% of China’s land area与谓语构成被动关系,结合To date可知为现在完成时的被动语态,助动词用has。故填has been managed。 7.which　考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,在从句中作主语,指物,故填which。 8.an　考查冠词。此处Civilization为泛指,且Ecological是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。 9.harmoniously　考查副词。修饰动词coexist用副词。故填harmoniously。 10.to　考查介词。pass on to传递。故填to。 知识积累卡 一、1.威胁;危及　2.城市的　3.灭绝　4.栖息地　5.识别;确认　6.保护　7.稀有的;珍贵的　8.屏障;障碍　9.起源;发源　10.承诺;投入　11.和谐的 二、1.发布;公布　释放;放开　2.呼声;支持　声音;嗓音　表达　3.密集的;坚实的　固体的;可靠的 三、1.采取行动　2.呼吁;要求　3.传递 四、条件状语　非限制性定语　定语 如果这道树和植物形成的屏障完全挡住了风,那么强烈的气流就会在靠近地面的地方产生,这些气流会将土壤卷到空中,然后被风吹走。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $