专题3 时态与语态 （讲义） -2027版山东省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语二轮讲练测》（解析版）

编写说明：2027版山东省（春季高考）《英语二轮讲练测》紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的20个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套讲义、课件和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2027版山东省（春季高考）《英语二轮讲练测》的第3个专题，内容为时态与语态。 2027版山东省（春季高考）《英语二轮讲练测》 专题3时态与语态（讲义） 目录 01 考情总结 02 真题动向 03 必备知识 04 命题预测 考查内容 年份及题号 对应题型 一般现在时（三单 / 客观真理） 2021(7)；2022(18)；2023(15)；2024(5)；2025(19) 单选、短文填空 一般过去时（过去时间标志） 2021(14)；2022(5)；2024(17) 单选 一般将来时（will/be going to） 2023(4) 单选、补全对话 现在进行时（look/now 提示） 2022(3)；2023(7) 单选 过去进行时（过去精确时间） 2021(11)；2024(11) 单选、短文填空 现在完成时（for/since/already） 2022(24)；2023(25)；2025(13) 单选 过去完成时（by + 过去时间） 2024(6) 单选、补全对话 基础时态被动（现 / 过 / 将来） 2021(11)；2024(12) 单选 情态动词被动 2025(24) 单选、短文填空 无被动动词辨析（take place/happen） 2023(16) 单选 主将从现时态规则 2021(15)；2025(11) 单选、补全对话 宾语从句时态倒退 2023(20)；2025(21) 单选 命题轨迹透视：时态语态独立考题合计12 道单选题 + 每年 2-3 道短文填空变形题，5 年累计总考查频次12 考 ★★★（中高频核心语法专题）； 分值占比：单选出题每题 1 分，短文填空每空 1 分，整套试卷时态语态总分稳定 8-10 分，占全卷 10% 左右，是仅次于复合句、动词短语的第三大语法板块； 基础题占 65%：一般现在、一般过去、现在进行、主将从现为主，题干带明显时间标志词（every、yesterday、look、tomorrow） 拔高拉分题占 35%：过去完成时、情态被动、宾语从句时态倒退、take place 无被动陷阱，无显性时间提示，依托上下文动作先后逻辑判断，用于区分中等生与优等生； 命题趋势：① 单纯标志词题目减少，无语境纯时态辨析题逐年下降； ② 时态 + 被动混合综合题增多，一道题同时考查时态判断 + 主被动区分双重考点； ③ 客观真理时态、主将从现两大永久核心陷阱每年固定出题； ④ 短文填空侧重动词不规则过去式、过去分词变形，加大书写类考查力度； 【考点1：一般现在时】 1.（2023 山东春考单选第 15 题） The teacher told us that light ______ faster than sound. A. travel　B. travels　C. traveled　D. will travel 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般现在时，客观真理不受主句过去时态影响，主语 light 为三单，谓语用 travels。 2.（2025 山东春季高考英语第 19 题） My father said the earth ______ around the sun. A. move　B. moves　C. moved　D. will move 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般现在时表客观事实。地球绕太阳是恒定常识，不受主句过去时态影响，the earth 三单，谓语用 moves。 3.（2021 短文填空 48 空） Every day he ______ (practice) repair skills. 【答案】practices 【解析】every day 是一般现在时标志，主语 he 第三人称单数，动词变三单形式 practices。 4.（2024 短文填空 52 空） All tools ______ (put) away after class. 【答案】are put 【解析】every day 常态化动作，一般现在时被动语态，复数 tools 搭配 are put。 5.（2025 短文填空 54 空） These machines ______ (check) every week. 【答案】are checked 【解析】every week 习惯性动作，一般现在时被动，表机器每周被检修。 1. 基础结构 1）主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it/ 单数人名 / 单数事物）：主语 + 动词 s/es 2）主语为一二人称 / 复数：主语 + 动词原形 2. 核心时间标志词 every day / every morning / usually / often / always / sometimes 3. 两大重难点 1）表经常性、习惯性动作； 2）表客观真理、自然常识：无论主句是什么时态，从句永久使用一般现在时。 一、单项选择 1.He usually ______ service training at 8 every morning. A. take　B. takes　C. took　D. will take 【答案】B 【解析】考点一般现在时三单变形；标志词 usually every morning，主语 he 三单，谓语加 s；干扰项 took 过去式、will 将来式，无时间匹配。 2.My teacher said the earth ______ around the sun. A. move　B. moves　C. moved　D. will move 【答案】B 【解析】客观真理，主句过去式，从句不变一般现在三单。 3.They ______ English every afternoon after training. A. study　B. studies　C. studied　D. will study 【答案】A 【解析】主语 they 复数，every afternoon 为一般现在时标志，用动词原形。 4.The machine ______ well if we clean it every day. A. work　B. works　C. worked　D. is working 【答案】B 【解析】machine 单数，every day 习惯性状态，三单 works。 5.Light ______ faster than sound. A. travel　B. travels　C. traveled　D. travelling 【答案】B 【解析】客观自然规律，固定三单形式。 6.Trainees ______ skill practice every weekday. A. do　B. does　C. did　D. are doing 【答案】A 【解析】主语复数，every weekday 习惯性动作，原形 do。 7.My deskmate often ______ new words after class. A. memorize　B. memorizes　C. memorized　D. will memorize 【答案】B 【解析】deskmate 三单，often 一般现在标志。 8.Water ______ at 100 degrees centigrade. A. boil　B. boils　C. boiled　D. boiling 【答案】B 【解析】客观常识，主语 water 三单。 9.If you ______ hard every day, you get good grades. A. work　B. works　C. worked　D. will work 【答案】A 【解析】从句主语 you，一般现在原形。 10.This kind of cloth ______ easily. A. wash　B. washes　C. washed　D. is washed 【答案】B 【解析】表物品固有属性，主动形式表被动含义，三单 washes。 【考点2：一般过去时】 1.（2021 山东春季高考英语第 7 题） —I ______ to the vocational training center yesterday. A. go　B. went　C. will go　D. am going 【答案】B 【解析】yesterday 一般过去时标志，动词使用不规则过去式 went。 2.（2022 山东春季高考英语第 5 题） We ______ a hotel skill competition last Sunday. A. have　B. had　C. will have　D. are having 【答案】B 【解析】last Sunday 过去时间状语，have 变过去式 had。 3.（2021 短文填空 67 空） The hotel ______ (build) three years ago. 【答案】was built 【解析】three years ago 过去时间，一般过去时被动，单数 hotel 搭配 was built。 1. 基础结构 所有人称统一：主语 + 动词过去式（分规则变化 / 不规则变化） 2. 核心时间标志词 yesterday / …ago /last week /last term /in + 过去年份 3. 核心用法 描述过去某一天、过去阶段发生的动作，和现在无关联。 一、单项选择 1.We ______ a city skill match last month. A. join　B. joined　C. will join　D. are joining 【答案】B 【解析】last month 过去时间，动词变过去式 joined。 2.I ______ to the training center yesterday morning. A. go　B. went　C. goes　D. will go 【答案】B 【解析】yesterday 一般过去，go 不规则过去式 went。 3.They ______ many repair tools last year. A. buy　B. buys　C. bought　D. will buy 【答案】C 【解析】last year 过去时间，buy 过去式 bought。 4.She ______ English notes last night. A. write　B. writes　C. wrote　D. writing 【答案】C 【解析】last night 一般过去，write 过去式 wrote。 5.Three years ago, I ______ a new trainee. A. am　B. is　C. was　D. will be 【答案】C 【解析】three years ago 过去时间，主语 I 搭配 was。 6.The manager ______ us much advice last term. A. give　B. gives　C. gave　D. will give 【答案】C 【解析】last term 过去时间，give 过去式 gave。 7.We ______ in that old workshop two years ago. A. train　B. trains　C. trained　D. are training 【答案】C 【解析】two years ago，动词用过去式 trained。 8.He ______ the skill competition last Sunday. A. take part in　B. takes part in　C. took part in　D. will take part in 【答案】C 【解析】last Sunday 一般过去，短语变过去式。 9.I ______ this textbook a month ago. A. get　B. gets　C. got　D. will get 【答案】C 【解析】a month ago，get 过去式 got。 10.They ______ busy with practice yesterday afternoon. A. are　B. is　C. were　D. will be 【答案】C 【解析】yesterday afternoon，主语复数搭配 were。 【考点3：一般将来时】 1.（2023 山东春季高考英语第 4 题） There ______ a new repair lab next term. A. is　B. was　C. will be　D. are 【答案】C 【解析】next term 将来时间，there be 句型一般将来结构 there will be。 2.（2025 山东春季高考英语第 11 题） You ______ pass the exam if you practice every day. A. will　B. would　C. are　D. were 【答案】A 【解析】主将从现规则，if 从句一般现在，主句用 will + 动词原形表将来。 3.（2025 短文填空 61 空） If you work hard, you ______ (succeed). 【答案】will succeed 【解析】主将从现，从句为一般现在，主句使用一般将来 will do。 1. 两种基础结构 1）will + 动词原形（所有人称通用） 2）be going to + 动词原形（计划、打算） 2. 核心时间标志词 tomorrow / next week / next term / in the future 3. 核心规则：主将从现 if /as soon as /unless 引导状语从句，主句将来时，从句必须用一般现在时。 一、单项选择 1.If it ______ fine tomorrow, we will visit the training base. A. is　B. was　C. will be　D. are 【答案】A 【解析】主将从现，if 从句用一般现在时。 2.There ______ a new repair lab next term. A. is　B. was　C. will be　D. are 【答案】C 【解析】next term 将来时 there be 句型。 3.I ______ take part in the city match next month. A. will　B. am　C. was　D. am going 【答案】A 【解析】next month，will 后接动词原形。 4.As soon as he ______ here, he will start training. A. come　B. comes　C. came　D. will come 【答案】B 【解析】as soon as 引导时间状语，主将从现，三单 comes。 5.We ______ learn new machine skills next week. A. will　B. are　C. were　D. is going 【答案】A 【解析】next week 一般将来 will do。 6.Unless you practice hard, you ______ not pass the exam. A. will　B. are　C. was　D. be 【答案】A 【解析】unless 主将从现，主句 will not。 7.She ______ buy a new notebook tomorrow. A. will　B. is　C. was　D. are going 【答案】A 【解析】tomorrow 将来时 will buy。 8.They ______ hold a volunteer activity next Friday. A. will　B. are　C. were　D. is 【答案】A 【解析】next Friday，will hold。 9.If you ______ late, you will miss the training. A. are　B. will be　C. were　D. be 【答案】A 【解析】if 从句一般现在，主语 you 搭配 are。 10.My teacher ______ teach us new rules next term. A. will　B. is　C. was　D. are 【答案】A 【解析】next term 将来时 will teach。 【考点4：现在进行时&过去进行时】 1.（2023 山东春考单选第 7 题） Look! The trainees ______ the new machine. A. operate　B. operated　C. are operating　D. will operate 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在进行时，Look! 为标志性提示词。 2.（2021 山东春考单选第 11 题） What ______ you ______ when the teacher came in? A. do; do　B. did; do　C. were; doing　D. are; doing 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去进行时，when 引导过去瞬间动作，主句用过去进行时。 知识点一：现在进行时 1. 结构：am /is/are + 动词 doing 2. 标志词：Look! / Listen! /now/at the moment 3. 用法：此时此刻正在发生的动作 知识点二、过去进行时 1. 结构：was /were + 动词 doing 2. 标志词：at 8 last night /at that time /when + 短暂过去动作 3. 用法：过去某个精确时刻正在进行的长动作 一、单项选择 1.Look! The students ______ the repair machine together. A. operate　B. operates　C. are operating　D. will operate 【答案】C 【解析】Look! 现在进行时 be doing。 2.I ______ TV at eight last night when my teacher came in. A. watch　B. watched　C. was watching　D. am watching 【答案】C 【解析】at eight last night 过去进行时。 3.Listen! Someone ______ English songs in the classroom. A. sing　B. sings　C. is singing　D. sang 【答案】C 【解析】Listen! 现在进行时。 4.They ______ practice skills at this time yesterday. A. are　B. is　C. were　D. was 【答案】C 【解析】at this time yesterday 过去进行，主语复数 were。 5.Look at the trainee. He ______ fix the car now. A. try　B. tries　C. is trying　D. tried 【答案】C 【解析】now 现在进行时 is doing。 6.When the fire broke out, we ______ cleaning tools. A. carry　B. carries　C. carried　D. were carrying 【答案】D 【解析】when 突发过去动作，主句过去进行时。 7.My deskmate ______ taking notes right now. A. am　B. is　C. are　D. was 【答案】B 【解析】right now 现在进行，单数 is。 8.At 9 o’clock last Sunday, I ______ service training. A. take　B. takes　C. took　D. was taking 【答案】D 【解析】过去整点，过去进行 was doing。 9.Look! The teacher ______ show us new equipment. A. show　B. shows　C. is showing　D. showed 【答案】C 【解析】Look! 现在进行时。 10.We ______ talk about the match at that time last week. A. are　B. is　C. were　D. was 【答案】C 【解析】at that time last week 过去进行。 【考点5：现在完成时&过去完成时】 1.（2025 山东春考单选第 19 题） I ______ in this hotel for three years since graduation. A. work　B. worked　C. have worked　D. will work 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成时，for/since 为标志性时间标志。 2.（2024 山东春考单选第 6 题） By the end of last year, we ______ more than 1000 professional words. A. learn　B. learned　C. have learned　D. had learned 【答案】D 【解析】考查过去完成时，by + 过去时间表示 “过去的过去”。 一、现在完成时 1. 结构：have /has + 动词过去分词 2. 标志词：for + 时间段 /since + 时间点 /already/yet /ever 3. 重难点：区分延续动词 buy→have /borrow→keep /leave→be away 4. 含义：动作从过去持续到现在，对现在有影响 二、过去完成时 1. 结构：had + 动词过去分词 2. 标志词：by + 过去时间 /before + 过去动作 3. 含义：动作发生在 “过去的过去” 一、单项选择 1.I ______ in this vocational school for two years. A. study　B. studied　C. have studied　D. will study 【答案】C 【解析】for two years 现在完成时。 2.By last term, we ______ over 1000 service words. A. learn　B. learned　C. have learned　D. had learned 【答案】D 【解析】by + 过去时间，过去完成时 had done。 3.She ______ her internship report already. A. finishes　B. finished　C. has finished　D. will finish 【答案】C 【解析】already 现在完成标志。 4.I ______ this bike since 2023. A. have　B. had　C. have had　D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】since 现在完成，buy 延续动词 have。 5.He left after he ______ all tasks. A. finishes　B. finished　C. has finished　D. had finished 【答案】D 【解析】完成任务发生在离开之前，过去完成。 6.They ______ known each other for one year. A. are　B. were　C. have　D. had 【答案】C 【解析】for 时间段，have known 现在完成。 7.By the time the bus arrived, we ______ waited for 1 hour. A. have　B. had　C. are　D. were 【答案】B 【解析】by + 过去动作，过去完成 had done。 8.We ______ never missed any training class so far. A. miss　B. missed　C. have missed　D. had missed 【答案】C 【解析】so far 现在完成标志。 9.She ______ the book for two weeks. A. borrow　B. borrowed　C. has kept　D. had kept 【答案】C 【解析】for 时间段，borrow 替换延续动词 keep。 10.Before the match started, we ______ practiced many times. A. have　B. had　C. are　D. were 【答案】B 【解析】started 为过去动作，赛前训练是过去完成。 【考点6：被动语态】 1.（2022 山东春考单选第 11 题） The new training center ______ next year. A.builds　B. built　C. is built　D. will be built 【答案】D 【解析】next year 将来时被动，物品被建造，被动语态基础必考。 板块 1 被动核心公式：be + 动词过去分词 be 动词随时态、主语单复数同步变化。 板块 2 三大必掌握时态被动 一般现在被动：am/is/are done 例：Rules are followed by all trainees. 一般过去被动：was/were done 例：The room was cleaned yesterday. 一般将来被动：will be done 板块 3 拔高被动 情态动词被动：must /can/should + be done 现在进行被动：am/is/are being done 板块 4 核心解题技巧（重难点） 判断主被动：人主动发出动作用主动；物品被作用用被动； be 动词时态和主语单复数同步变化； take place、happen 无被动语态（高频陷阱）。 感官动词 look/sound/taste 无被动，用主动表被动含义。 一、单项选择 1.This hotel ______ in 2020. A. builds　B. built　C. is built　D. was built 【答案】D 【解析】一般过去时被动。in 2020 过去年份，hotel 被建造，主语单数 was built。A 主动现在、B 主动过去、C 现在被动全部排除。 2.English ______ in every vocational school in Shandong. A. speaks　B. spoke　C. is spoken　D. was spoken 【答案】C 【解析】客观常态，一般现在时被动；语言是被人们说，固定高频被动句型。 3.A new skill building ______ next term. A. opens　B. opened　C. is opened　D. will be opened 【答案】D 【解析】next term 将来时间，建筑被开设，will be done 将来被动，对标 2024 春考原题。 4.All homework ______ before six o’clock every day. A. must finish　B. must finished　C. must be finished　D. is finish 【答案】C 【解析】情态动词被动固定结构情态动词 + be+done，must 后必须搭配原形 be。 5.Look! The machines ______ by the teacher now. A. check　B. checked　C. are checking　D. are being checked 【答案】D 【解析】拔高现在进行时被动，look+now 表此刻正在被检修。 6.The sports meeting ______ last Friday. A. takes place　B. took place　C. is taken place　D. was taken place 【答案】B 【解析】核心陷阱 take place 无被动，直接排除 C、D；last Friday 用过去式 took place。 7.These repair tools ______ once a week. A. clean　B. cleans　C. are cleaned　D. will clean 【答案】C 【解析】every week 常态一般现在时，工具被清理，复数 are cleaned。 8.The letter ______ by our manager yesterday afternoon. A. writes　B. wrote　C. is written　D. was written 【答案】D 【解析】yesterday 过去时，信件被书写，单数 was written。 9.All mistakes ______ at once by you. A. should correct　B. should be corrected　C. corrected　D. are correcting 【答案】B 【解析】should 情态被动，错误需要被改正。 10.Many new machines ______ to our workshop next year. A. send　B. sent　C. will be sent　D. are sent 【答案】C 【解析】next year 将来时，机器将被配送，将来被动结构。 【考点7：时态语态综合拔高辨析】 1.(2025 山东春考第 9 题) He said that more equipment ______ the next year. A. will buy　B. will be bought　C. would buy　D. would be bought 【答案】D 【解析】主句 said 过去式，时态倒退 will→would；设备是被采购，双重拔高：时态倒退 + 被动结合，区分优生拉分题。 解题两步万能流程：第一步判断主动 / 被动；第二步根据时间、主句时态确定对应时态； 双重拔高组合考点：过去将来被动、现在完成被动、过去完成被动； 综合易错叠加陷阱：主将从现 + 被动、宾语从句时态倒退 + 被动； 无被动动词（take place/happen）综合题型必考干扰项。 一、单项选择 1.By last month, all tasks ______. A. finished　B. have finished　C. had finished　D. had been finished 【答案】D 【解析】by + 过去时间过去完成时；任务被完成，双重考点 had been done。 2.The teacher told us that new books ______ soon. A. will send　B. will be sent　C. would send　D. would be sent 【答案】D 【解析】主句 told 过去式 will 变 would；书本被派送，过去将来被动，2025 同款真题。 3.If you finish your work, it ______ before dark. A. will check　B. will be checked　C. checks　D. is checked 【答案】B 【解析】主将从现 + 被动，工作将会被检查。 4.Great changes ______ in our school in the past three years. A. take place　B. took place　C. have taken place　D. are taken place 【答案】C 【解析】in the past three years 现在完成时；take place 无被动，排除 D。 5.All the old machines ______ next month. A. replace　B. will replace　C. will be replaced　D. are replaced 【答案】C 【解析】将来时 + 被动，旧设备将被替换。 6.When I arrived, all letters ______. A. wrote　B. were written　C. have written　D. are written 【答案】B 【解析】arrived 过去时间，信件当时已写完，一般过去被动。 7.It is said that this skill test ______ twice a year. A. holds　B. held　C. is held　D. was held 【答案】C 【解析】固定句型 it is said，常态一般现在被动。 8.He told me that his report ______ by his boss the next day. A. will read　B. will be read　C. would read　D. would be read 【答案】D 【解析】时态倒退 + 被动综合拔高。 9.Lots of trees ______ since spring came. A. plant　B. planted　C. have planted　D. have been planted 【答案】D 【解析】since 现在完成时，树木被种植，完成时被动。 10.No mistakes ______ if you practice carefully. A. make　B. will make　C. will be made　D. are made 【答案】C 【解析】主将从现，错误不会被制造出来。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $