第2卷 单项选择（动词时态、语态与情态动词）-【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语45分钟训练卷》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦动词时态、语态与情态动词核心考点，40题限时训练覆盖中职英语高频考法，情境真实，逻辑清晰，助力提升语言理解与应试思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |动词时态|19题（含现在完成时/过去进行时等）|含时间状语（如since 2018）|按时间维度（现在/过去/将来）及动作状态（进行/完成）构建体系| |被动语态|9题（含一般现在时/过去时被动）|含动作承受者（如classroom）|结合时态考查主谓关系，形成"时态+语态"复合逻辑| |情态动词|8题（含must/mustn't等）|涉及义务/许可（如考试禁用手机）|区分语气强度，构建"必要性-可能性"判断逻辑| |系动词与感官动词|4题（含smell/look等）|侧重感官描述（如汤的气味）|关联感官体验，建立"状态描述-系动词选择"对应关系|

编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和历年真题编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为单项选择专项，围绕动词时态、被动语态、情态动词、系动词与感官动词等核心考点设计。 【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第2卷 单项选择（动词时态、语态与情态动词） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题2.5分，共100分。） 在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。 1. Listen! The machine ______ smoothly after the repair. A. is running B. runs C. ran D. will run 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在进行时。句意：听！维修后这台机器正在平稳运转。A选项is running，is running为现在进行时，表示正在运转；B选项runs，runs为一般现在时第三人称单数；C选项ran，ran为一般过去时；D选项will run，will run为一般将来时。Listen提示动作正在发生，主语The machine为单数，应用is running。故选A。 2. My uncle ______ in this factory since 2018. A. has worked B. worked C. works D. will work 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：我叔叔自2018年以来一直在这家工厂工作。A选项has worked，has worked为现在完成时，表示从过去持续到现在的动作；B选项worked，worked为一般过去时，不能与since 2018表示持续到现在的时间状语连用；C选项works，works为一般现在时；D选项will work，will work为一般将来时。since 2018提示用现在完成时，主语My uncle为第三人称单数，应用has worked。故选A。 3. When I entered the office, Miss Gao ______ a report. A. writes B. was writing C. wrote D. has written 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：我走进办公室时，高老师正在写报告。A选项writes，writes为一般现在时；B选项was writing，was writing为过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作；C选项wrote，wrote为一般过去时，只表示过去发生；D选项has written，has written为现在完成时。When I entered the office表示过去时间点，强调当时正在写，应用was writing。故选B。 4. The classroom ______ every afternoon by the students on duty. A. cleans B. cleaned C. was cleaned D. is cleaned 【答案】D 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：值日学生每天下午打扫教室。A选项cleans，cleans为主动形式，主语classroom不能发出clean动作；B选项cleaned，cleaned缺少be动词，不能单独构成被动语态；C选项was cleaned，was cleaned为一般过去时被动语态；D选项is cleaned，is cleaned为一般现在时被动语态，表示被打扫。The classroom与clean之间是被动关系，every afternoon提示一般现在时，应用is cleaned。故选D。 5. We ______ a skills competition next Friday. A. have B. had C. will have D. are having 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般将来时。句意：下周五我们将参加一场技能比赛。A选项have，have为一般现在时；B选项had，had为一般过去时；C选项will have，will have为一般将来时，表示将要举行或参加；D选项are having，are having可表近期安排，但本句普通预测用will have更直接。next Friday提示将来时间，应用will have。故选C。 6. Tom ______ late for school yesterday because the bus broke down. A. is B. are C. was D. will be 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：汤姆昨天上学迟到了，因为公交车坏了。A选项is，is为一般现在时；B选项are，are用于复数或第二人称；C选项was，was为一般过去时单数形式，表示过去状态；D选项will be，will be为一般将来时。yesterday提示一般过去时，主语Tom为单数，应用was。故选C。 7. The flowers in the garden ______ twice a week. A. water B. watered C. were watering D. are watered 【答案】D 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：花园里的花每周浇两次水。A选项water，water为主动动词原形；B选项watered，watered缺少be动词，不能单独构成被动；C选项were watering，were watering为过去进行时主动形式；D选项are watered，are watered为一般现在时被动语态，表示被浇水。flowers与water之间是被动关系，twice a week提示一般现在时，应用are watered。故选D。 8. You ______ wear a helmet when you ride an electric bike. A. may B. must C. can D. needn't 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词must。句意：骑电动车时你必须戴头盔。A选项may，may表示可以或可能，语气不够强；B选项must，must表示必须，符合安全规定要求；C选项can，can表示能够或可以；D选项needn't，needn't表示不必，与安全要求相反。根据交通安全语境，戴头盔是必须遵守的规定，应用must。故选B。 9. My father ______ to walk to work, but now he drives. A. used B. uses C. is used D. was used 【答案】A 【详解】考查used to do。句意：我父亲过去常常步行上班，但现在开车。A选项used，used与to walk构成used to do，表示过去常常做某事；B选项uses，uses后不能直接接to walk表示过去习惯；C选项is used，is used to后接doing表示习惯于做某事；D选项was used，was used to do常表示被用来做某事。but now he drives形成今昔对比，应用used to walk。故选A。 10. The workers ______ the bridge before the heavy rain came. A. checked B. had checked C. have checked D. will check 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：大雨来临前，工人们已经检查了桥。A选项checked，checked为一般过去时，不能突出先于came完成；B选项had checked，had checked为过去完成时，表示过去的过去已完成；C选项have checked，have checked为现在完成时；D选项will check，will check为一般将来时。before the heavy rain came说明检查发生在另一个过去动作之前，应用had checked。故选B。 11. The baby ______ when his mother came back home. A. sleeps B. slept C. has slept D. was sleeping 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：妈妈回家时，婴儿正在睡觉。A选项sleeps，sleeps为一般现在时；B选项slept，slept为一般过去时；C选项has slept，has slept为现在完成时；D选项was sleeping，was sleeping为过去进行时，表示过去某时正在睡觉。when his mother came back home为过去时间点，强调当时正在进行，应用was sleeping。故选D。 12. This kind of phone ______ in many shops now. A. sells B. sold C. was selling D. is sold 【答案】D 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：这种手机现在在许多商店销售。A选项sells，sells为主动形式；B选项sold，sold缺少be动词；C选项was selling，was selling为过去进行时主动形式；D选项is sold，is sold为一般现在时被动语态，表示被销售。phone与sell之间是被动关系，now表示当前情况，This kind为单数，应用is sold。故选D。 13. I ______ the film twice, so I know the story well. A. have seen B. saw C. see D. am seeing 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：这部电影我看过两次，所以很了解故事。A选项have seen，have seen为现在完成时，表示到现在为止的经历；B选项saw，saw为一般过去时，强调过去某次动作；C选项see，see为一般现在时；D选项am seeing，am seeing为现在进行时。twice和so I know the story well强调经历对现在的影响，应用have seen。故选A。 14. The soup ______ nice. Would you like to try some? A. smell B. is smelling C. smells D. smelt 【答案】C 【详解】考查感官系动词。句意：这汤闻起来很香。你想尝一些吗？A选项smell，smell为动词原形；B选项is smelling，is smelling通常不用于表示闻起来的状态；C选项smells，smells为感官系动词第三人称单数，后接形容词nice；D选项smelt，smelt为过去式。主语The soup为单数，句子陈述现在状态，应用smells。故选C。 15. Students ______ use mobile phones during the exam. A. needn't B. mustn't C. may D. can 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词mustn't。句意：考试期间学生禁止使用手机。A选项needn't，needn't表示不必；B选项mustn't，mustn't表示禁止，不准，符合考试规则；C选项may，may表示可以或可能；D选项can，can表示能够或可以。during the exam语境下使用手机是被禁止的，应用mustn't。故选B。 16. By the end of last month, they ______ 200 trees near the river. A. planted B. had planted C. have planted D. will plant 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：到上个月底，他们已经在河边种了200棵树。A选项planted，planted为一般过去时；B选项had planted，had planted为过去完成时，表示到过去某时间为止已经完成；C选项have planted，have planted为现在完成时；D选项will plant，will plant为一般将来时。By the end of last month提示过去完成时，应用had planted。故选B。 17. The old man ______ in the village for more than thirty years. A. lived B. lives C. will live D. has lived 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：这位老人已经在这个村庄生活三十多年了。A选项lived，lived为一般过去时；B选项lives，lives为一般现在时；C选项will live，will live为一般将来时；D选项has lived，has lived为现在完成时，表示持续到现在。for more than thirty years提示一段持续时间，主语The old man为单数，应用has lived。故选D。 18. The windows ______ after school yesterday. A. closed B. are closing C. were closed D. will close 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：昨天放学后窗户被关上了。A选项closed，closed为主动或过去分词，缺少be动词；B选项are closing，are closing为现在进行时主动形式；C选项were closed，were closed为一般过去时被动语态，表示过去被关上；D选项will close，will close为一般将来时主动形式。windows与close之间是被动关系，yesterday提示过去时，应用were closed。故选C。 19. —May I leave now, Miss Li? —No, you ______. You haven't finished the work. A. can't B. needn't C. must D. may 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词can的否定回答。句意：——李老师，我现在可以离开吗？——不，你不能。你还没有完成工作。A选项can't，can't表示不能，用于回答May I...?的否定许可；B选项needn't，needn't表示不必；C选项must，must表示必须；D选项may，may表示可以或可能。根据No和You haven't finished the work可知不允许离开，应用can't。故选A。 20. The train ______ at 8:00 every morning. A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. will leave 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般现在时表时刻表。句意：这趟火车每天早上8点出发。A选项leaves，leaves为一般现在时第三人称单数，常用于时刻表；B选项left，left为一般过去时；C选项is leaving，is leaving为现在进行时；D选项will leave，will leave为一般将来时。every morning和固定时刻表语境提示一般现在时，主语The train为单数，应用leaves。故选A。 21. The young nurse ______ the medicine to the patient ten minutes ago. A. gives B. has given C. gave D. will give 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：这位年轻护士十分钟前把药给了病人。A选项gives，gives为一般现在时第三人称单数；B选项has given，has given为现在完成时；C选项gave，gave为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；D选项will give，will give为一般将来时。ten minutes ago提示一般过去时，give的过去式为gave。故选C。 22. A new library ______ in our town next year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. will be built 【答案】D 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：明年我们镇将建一座新图书馆。A选项builds，builds为主动形式；B选项built，built缺少be动词；C选项was built，was built为一般过去时被动语态；D选项will be built，will be built为一般将来时被动语态，表示将被建造。library与build之间是被动关系，next year提示将来，应用will be built。故选D。 23. I ______ my homework when the lights went out. A. do B. did C. was doing D. have done 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：停电时我正在做作业。A选项do，do为一般现在时动词原形；B选项did，did为一般过去时；C选项was doing，was doing为过去进行时，表示过去某时正在做；D选项have done，have done为现在完成时。when the lights went out表示过去时间点，强调当时正在做作业，应用was doing。故选C。 24. You ______ worry about the test. I can help you review. A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not 【答案】A 【详解】考查情态动词needn't。句意：你不必担心考试。我可以帮你复习。A选项needn't，needn't表示不必，没有必要；B选项mustn't，mustn't表示禁止；C选项can't，can't表示不能；D选项may not，may not表示可能不或不可以，语义不准。后句I can help you review说明不必担心，应用needn't。故选A。 25. The fish ______ fresh, so my mother bought some. A. look B. looked C. looks D. was looked 【答案】B 【详解】考查感官系动词。句意：这鱼看起来新鲜，所以妈妈买了一些。A选项look，look为动词原形；B选项looked，looked为系动词过去式，后接形容词fresh；C选项looks，looks为一般现在时第三人称单数；D选项was looked，was looked为被动形式，不表示看起来。bought提示过去语境，look作系动词表示看起来，应用looked。故选B。 26. They ______ a short meeting before work every Monday. A. has B. have C. had D. will have 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时。句意：他们每周一上班前开一个短会。A选项has，has用于第三人称单数；B选项have，have为一般现在时，表示经常性动作；C选项had，had为一般过去时；D选项will have，will have为一般将来时。every Monday提示经常性动作，主语They为复数，应用have。故选B。 27. The classroom lights ______ off before we left. A. were turned B. turned C. are turning D. will turn 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：我们离开前教室灯被关掉了。A选项were turned，were turned与off构成被动结构，表示被关掉；B选项turned，turned为主动或过去分词，缺少be动词；C选项are turning，are turning为现在进行时主动形式；D选项will turn，will turn为一般将来时主动形式。lights与turn off之间是被动关系，before we left为过去语境，应用were turned off。故选A。 28. Since he came to this school, he ______ many new friends. A. made B. makes C. will make D. has made 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：自从来到这所学校以来，他交了许多新朋友。A选项made，made为一般过去时；B选项makes，makes为一般现在时；C选项will make，will make为一般将来时；D选项has made，has made为现在完成时，表示从过去到现在的结果。Since he came to this school提示主句用现在完成时，主语he为单数，应用has made。故选D。 29. This question ______ easy, but many students made mistakes. A. seem B. seems C. was seemed D. seemed 【答案】D 【详解】考查系动词seem。句意：这道题看起来容易，但许多学生出错了。A选项seem，seem为动词原形；B选项seems，seems为一般现在时第三人称单数；C选项was seemed，seem不用被动语态；D选项seemed，seemed为系动词过去式，表示看起来。made提示过去语境，seem后接形容词easy，应用seemed。故选D。 30. We ______ finish the report today. The teacher needs it tomorrow morning. A. may B. can C. must D. needn't 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词must。句意：我们今天必须完成报告。老师明早需要它。A选项may，may表示可以或可能；B选项can，can表示能够；C选项must，must表示必须，符合任务要求；D选项needn't，needn't表示不必。The teacher needs it tomorrow morning说明今天完成是必须的，应用must。故选C。 31. The road ______ after the snow last night. A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：昨晚下雪后道路被清理了。A选项was cleaned，was cleaned为一般过去时被动语态，表示被清理；B选项cleaned，cleaned为主动或过去分词，缺少be动词；C选项is cleaning，is cleaning为现在进行时主动形式；D选项will clean，will clean为一般将来时主动形式。road与clean之间是被动关系，last night提示过去，应用was cleaned。故选A。 32. She ______ English at a vocational school for five years. A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. will teach 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：她已经在一所职业学校教英语五年了。A选项taught，taught为一般过去时；B选项has taught，has taught为现在完成时，表示持续到现在；C选项teaches，teaches为一般现在时；D选项will teach，will teach为一般将来时。for five years提示持续时间，主语She为单数，应用has taught。故选B。 33. At this time yesterday, we ______ in the training room. A. practice B. practiced C. have practiced D. were practicing 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：昨天这个时候，我们正在实训室练习。A选项practice，practice为一般现在时动词原形；B选项practiced，practiced为一般过去时；C选项have practiced，have practiced为现在完成时；D选项were practicing，were practicing为过去进行时，表示过去某时正在练习。At this time yesterday提示过去某一时刻正在进行，主语we为复数，应用were practicing。故选D。 34. The notice ______ on the wall just now. A. puts B. putting C. was put D. is putting 【答案】C 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：刚才通知被贴在了墙上。A选项puts，puts为主动形式；B选项putting，putting为现在分词或动名词；C选项was put，was put为一般过去时被动语态，表示被张贴；D选项is putting，is putting为现在进行时主动形式。notice与put之间是被动关系，just now提示过去，应用was put。故选C。 35. The little girl ______ speak English well after two years of practice. A. must B. can C. need D. may 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词can。句意：经过两年练习，这个小女孩会说好英语了。A选项must，must表示必须；B选项can，can表示能够，说明能力；C选项need，need表示需要；D选项may，may表示可以或可能。after two years of practice说明具备了能力，应用can。故选B。 36. I ______ my keys. I can't open the door now. A. lost B. have lost C. lose D. will lose 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：我把钥匙弄丢了。现在打不开门。A选项lost，lost为一般过去时；B选项have lost，have lost为现在完成时，强调过去动作对现在的影响；C选项lose，lose为一般现在时动词原形；D选项will lose，will lose为一般将来时。I can't open the door now说明丢钥匙影响现在，应用have lost。故选B。 37. The bread ______ good. Let's buy some for breakfast. A. smell B. is smelling C. smells D. smelt 【答案】C 【详解】考查感官系动词。句意：面包闻起来很香。我们买些当早餐吧。A选项smell，smell为动词原形；B选项is smelling，is smelling通常不表示闻起来；C选项smells，smells为感官系动词第三人称单数，后接形容词good；D选项smelt，smelt为过去式。主语The bread为单数，句子陈述现在状态，应用smells。故选C。 38. My brother ______ basketball every weekend. A. plays B. play C. played D. will play 【答案】A 【详解】考查一般现在时。句意：我哥哥每个周末打篮球。A选项plays，plays为一般现在时第三人称单数，表示习惯性动作；B选项play，play为动词原形；C选项played，played为一般过去时；D选项will play，will play为一般将来时。every weekend提示习惯性动作，主语My brother为单数，应用plays。故选A。 39. The letter ______ by hand yesterday. A. wrote B. is writing C. writes D. was written 【答案】D 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：这封信昨天是手写的。A选项wrote，wrote为主动过去式；B选项is writing，is writing为现在进行时主动形式；C选项writes，writes为一般现在时主动形式；D选项was written，was written为一般过去时被动语态，表示被书写。letter与write之间是被动关系，yesterday提示过去，应用was written。故选D。 40. We ______ be careful when using knives in the kitchen. A. may B. can C. should D. needn't 【答案】C 【详解】考查情态动词should。句意：在厨房使用刀具时我们应该小心。A选项may，may表示可以或可能；B选项can，can表示能够；C选项should，should表示应该，符合安全建议；D选项needn't，needn't表示不必。using knives in the kitchen涉及安全，应用should表示建议或义务。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和历年真题编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为单项选择专项，围绕动词时态、被动语态、情态动词、系动词与感官动词等核心考点设计。 【2027版】黑龙江省（春季高考）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第2卷 单项选择（动词时态、语态与情态动词） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题2.5分，共100分。） 在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。 1. Listen! The machine ______ smoothly after the repair. A. is running B. runs C. ran D. will run 2. My uncle ______ in this factory since 2018. A. has worked B. worked C. works D. will work 3. When I entered the office, Miss Gao ______ a report. A. writes B. was writing C. wrote D. has written 4. The classroom ______ every afternoon by the students on duty. A. cleans B. cleaned C. was cleaned D. is cleaned 5. We ______ a skills competition next Friday. A. have B. had C. will have D. are having 6. Tom ______ late for school yesterday because the bus broke down. A. is B. are C. was D. will be 7. The flowers in the garden ______ twice a week. A. water B. watered C. were watering D. are watered 8. You ______ wear a helmet when you ride an electric bike. A. may B. must C. can D. needn't 9. My father ______ to walk to work, but now he drives. A. used B. uses C. is used D. was used 10. The workers ______ the bridge before the heavy rain came. A. checked B. had checked C. have checked D. will check 11. The baby ______ when his mother came back home. A. sleeps B. slept C. has slept D. was sleeping 12. This kind of phone ______ in many shops now. A. sells B. sold C. was selling D. is sold 13. I ______ the film twice, so I know the story well. A. have seen B. saw C. see D. am seeing 14. The soup ______ nice. Would you like to try some? A. smell B. is smelling C. smells D. smelt 15. Students ______ use mobile phones during the exam. A. needn't B. mustn't C. may D. can 16. By the end of last month, they ______ 200 trees near the river. A. planted B. had planted C. have planted D. will plant 17. The old man ______ in the village for more than thirty years. A. lived B. lives C. will live D. has lived 18. The windows ______ after school yesterday. A. closed B. are closing C. were closed D. will close 19. —May I leave now, Miss Li? —No, you ______. You haven't finished the work. A. can't B. needn't C. must D. may 20. The train ______ at 8:00 every morning. A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. will leave 21. The young nurse ______ the medicine to the patient ten minutes ago. A. gives B. has given C. gave D. will give 22. A new library ______ in our town next year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. will be built 23. I ______ my homework when the lights went out. A. do B. did C. was doing D. have done 24. You ______ worry about the test. I can help you review. A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not 25. The fish ______ fresh, so my mother bought some. A. look B. looked C. looks D. was looked 26. They ______ a short meeting before work every Monday. A. has B. have C. had D. will have 27. The classroom lights ______ off before we left. A. were turned B. turned C. are turning D. will turn 28. Since he came to this school, he ______ many new friends. A. made B. makes C. will make D. has made 29. This question ______ easy, but many students made mistakes. A. seem B. seems C. was seemed D. seemed 30. We ______ finish the report today. The teacher needs it tomorrow morning. A. may B. can C. must D. needn't 31. The road ______ after the snow last night. A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 32. She ______ English at a vocational school for five years. A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. will teach 33. At this time yesterday, we ______ in the training room. A. practice B. practiced C. have practiced D. were practicing 34. The notice ______ on the wall just now. A. puts B. putting C. was put D. is putting 35. The little girl ______ speak English well after two years of practice. A. must B. can C. need D. may 36. I ______ my keys. I can't open the door now. A. lost B. have lost C. lose D. will lose 37. The bread ______ good. Let's buy some for breakfast. A. smell B. is smelling C. smells D. smelt 38. My brother ______ basketball every weekend. A. plays B. play C. played D. will play 39. The letter ______ by hand yesterday. A. wrote B. is writing C. writes D. was written 40. We ______ be careful when using knives in the kitchen. A. may B. can C. should D. needn't 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $