必修1 Unit 4 第2课时 培优•阅读表达(课件PPT)-【新高考方案】2027年高考英语一轮总复习（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦语法句型、读后续写情感表达、阅读理解等核心考点，依据高考评价体系梳理了语法填空、书面表达、推理判断等考查维度，通过教材佳句积累与语篇精读，明确句型应用、情感描写、词义猜测等高频考点分布，构建系统备考体系。 课件亮点在于“教材语块+真题对接+素养提升”策略，如以旧金山大地震语篇关联2021北京高考C篇，培养文化意识；通过“震惊”情感表达语块积累提升语言能力；解析阅读理解词义猜测题时渗透思维品质培养。助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可精准指导复习，实现高效备考。

第2课时　培优•阅读表达 目录 学教材佳句•把句子写美 精读“Workbook”语篇•发掘命题导向—(作为随堂训练使用) 建构语义网•把语段写详 课时作业评价 01 02 03 04 学教材佳句•把句子写美 3 句型1　as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句 |解|读|规|则| (1)as if相当于as though，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem， look等系动词之后引导表语从句。as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。 (2)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。 (3)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。 ①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)； ②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had+过去分词)； ③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。 (4)as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常可以省略。 |习|练|规|则|　(单句语法填空) ①When a pencil is partly put into water， it looks as if it _____ (be) broken. were |应|用|写|美| ②(场景描写)靠近房子的时候，我注意到爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，看起来很悲伤。 好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。 Upon approaching the house， I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck， looking sad. It seemed ______________ ____________________.  ③(细节描摹句)杰克什么也没说，但老师对他笑了笑，好像他做了一件非常聪明的事。 Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him ______ _____________________ very clever.  as if something unpleasant happened as if he had done something 句型2　be doing sth. when ... |解|读|规|则| 句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”，还用于以下句型: (1)be about to do ...when ... 正要做……这时…… (2)be on the point of doing ...when ... 正要做……这时…… (3)had (just/hardly) done ...when ... 刚做完……这时…… (hardly位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装) |习|练|规|则|　(变换句式) ①She was walking along the bank of the river， and just at that time she heard a cry for help. →She ________________________________________ she heard a cry for help.  ②I had hardly got home when I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it. →Hardly ________________________________________ and packed my necessities into it.  was walking along the bank of the river when had I got home when I took out my suitcase |应|用|写|美| ③(内蕴丰富句)我正要放弃练钢琴，这时老师走了进来，轻轻拍了拍我的肩膀说:“坚持会让你发光，”这番话给了我新的勇气。 I ___________________________________________ my teacher walked in， gently patted my shoulder and said， “Perseverance will make you shine，” which gave me new courage.  was about to give up practicing the piano when 句型3　拟人修辞 |教|材|佳|句| Slowly， the city began to breathe again. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 [赏析]　本句使用了拟人的修辞手法，将城市比作生命体，“began to breathe again”生动展现灾后复苏的希望，语言简洁却充满生命力。常用于拟人表达的词还有tell， see， say， witness等。 |应|用|写|美| ①(细节描摹句)树长高了。一阵风吹来，树摇曳着树枝在跳舞。 The tree had grown tall. When a gust of wind blew and the tree ____________________________.  ②(内蕴丰富句)街角那盏历经风雨洗礼的路灯，悄悄地伸展着光芒，拥抱着每个匆匆归家的晚行人。 The street lamp at the corner， which has stood through wind and rain， quietly stretches its light，____________________________ _________________.  was dancing with its branches hugging every late⁃night traveler who hurries home 建构语义网•把语段写详 读后续写·写作序列(4)——情感表达之“震惊” Ⅰ.积累语块(加蓝词汇为本单元词汇复现) 1.freeze with shock 　　　 　 震惊得呆住 2.stare in disbelief 难以置信地盯着 3.gasp at the sight 看到这景象倒抽一口气 4.feel one’s heart skip a beat 心跳漏了一拍 5.be rooted to the spot 呆立在原地 6.open one’s mouth wide 张大嘴巴 7.rub one’s eyes in wonder 惊奇地揉眼睛 8.struggle to find words 难以找到言语 9.gasp at flood waves 对着洪水巨浪倒吸凉气 10.tremble at the sight of suffering 看着受难景象颤抖 Ⅱ.升格表达 1.直陈式表述 ①I stood there， too shocked to move a single step. 我站在那里，震惊得寸步难行。 ②Her face turned pale when she heard the surprising news. 听到这个惊人的消息，她的脸变得苍白。 ③They stared at each other， unable to believe what had happened. 他们互相盯着，无法相信所发生的事。 ④The crowd fell silent， overcome by the shocking truth. 人群陷入沉默，被这令人震惊的真相所震撼。 2.描述性表述 ①When the winner’s name was called， he froze， his eyes widening. 当获胜者的名字被念到时，他僵住了，大睁着眼睛。 ②She clutched her chest， taking quick， shallow breaths as she heard the shocking news. 当她听到那个惊人的消息时，她紧紧抓着胸口，急促地浅呼吸着。 ③The students dropped their pens， their mouths hanging open at the teacher’s sudden announcement. 听到老师突然宣布的消息，学生们放下笔，嘴巴张得大大的。 ④He stepped back， tripping over his own foot， as the unexpected result appeared on the screen. 当屏幕上出现意外结果时，他后退了一步，被自己的脚绊倒了。 ⑤We stood in a circle， exchanging glances that were filled with pure astonishment. 我们站成一圈，交换着充满纯粹惊讶的目光。 3.修辞式表述 ①My jaw refused to close， as if it had forgotten how to move in the face of such surprise.(拟人) 我的下巴不听使唤，仿佛在如此大的惊讶面前忘了该怎么动。 ②The scene before me was a slap in the face， making my thoughts scatter like leaves in a storm.(比喻+夸张) 眼前的景象像一记耳光，让我的思绪像暴风雨中的树叶一样四散。 ③Time froze， holding its breath along with me at the shocking sight.(拟人) 时间静止了，和我一起对着这令人震惊的景象屏住了呼吸。 ④The surprise was a heavy stone， pressing down on my chest and stealing my voice.(比喻) 这份惊讶像一块沉重的石头，压在我的胸口上，夺走了我的声音。 Ⅲ.补写语段(先完成，再背诵) 无人机灾后救援带来的“震撼” After the earthquake， roads were blocked and bridges had collapsed. Rescue workers and vehicles could not reach the disaster area. Suddenly， some drones carrying relief supplies shot through the sky like arrows， soaring toward the affected region. Witnessing this， ①_______________________ (我的心跳漏了一拍). The new technology brought hope to the people in the disaster area. When the suffering survivors suddenly saw the drones appear， my heart skipped a beat they ②_________________ (难以置信地盯着)， unable to hide their inner excitement. They ③_______________________ (大张着嘴巴)， hands trembling， ④_________________________________________ ___________ (难以找到言语表达自己).  stared in disbelief opened their mouth wide struggling to find the words to express themselves 精读“Workbook”语篇•发掘命题导向—(作为随堂训练使用) 人教必修1　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS “Workbook” 阅读语篇 |价值立意|教考衔接| 本文以1906年旧金山大地震为历史镜鉴，通过目击者叙述呈现灾难的双重面相:既有摧毁性的自然力量，更有危机中迸发的人性秩序与互助精神。它与2021年北京高考C篇阅读形成深度对话——前者聚焦灾害中个体的坚韧与集体品格，后者探讨“灾前预警与科学应对”，共同构建了一个从“经历灾难”到“防范灾难”的完整认知闭环。这种双文本对读不仅呼应全球日益突出的灾害议题，更引导学生进行批判性联结:从历史创伤中理解生命韧性，在科技发展中思考防灾智慧，从而培育系统性的危机意识与社会责任感。 THE STORY OF AN EYEWITNESS (Adapted) The earthquake that hit San Francisco on April 18 shook down hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of walls and chimneys (烟囱). But the fire that followed burned up hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of buildings and homes. Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. San Francisco is gone. The factories， the great stores and newspaper buildings， the hotels， and the great houses of the rich are all gone. On Wednesday morning at a quarter past five came the earthquake. A moment later， the disaster was a fact. South of Market Street， in the working⁃class neighbourhoods and in the factories， fires started. Within an hour of the first quake， the smoke could be seen 100 miles away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stopping the fires. The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organise or communicate. The railway tracks were now useless and there was no water in water pipes. All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the 30 seconds the earth moved. By Wednesday afternoon， half the heart of the city was gone. At that time， I watched the disaster from a ship on the bay (海湾). Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up.Yet from every direction — east， west， north， and south — strong winds blew upon the unlucky city and those whose homes had once stood in its green hills. Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city’s best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. Tens of thousands who had lost their homes left the city to look for shelter from the fires. Some were dressed only in blankets and carried the things that they had been able to rescue from the fires. But there were no fights and no pushing or shoving. Somehow this worst of disasters brought out the best in the survivors. Never in all of San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on this night of terror. |阅读理解|发掘命题导向 1.What can be inferred about the fire from the first two paragraphs?(　　) A.It was caused by the quake. B.It was put out by firefighters. C.It started in rich neighborhoods. D.It was more destructive than the quake. 2.Why does the author describe the sea as “calm” in paragraph 3? (　) A.To contrast the city’s chaos. B.To explain the wind’s origin. C.To show the weather was fine. D.To stress the disaster’s suddenness. 3.What do we know about the survivors? (　　) A.They stayed calm and kind. B.They fought for their safety. C.They rebuilt the city quickly. D.They lost all their belongings. 答案:1~3　DAA |培优素养|提升语言能力 一、建构主题词汇 1.earthquake n.　　　　 地震 2.destroy v. 摧毁；破坏 3.disaster n. 灾难；灾祸 4.safe adj. 安全的；平安的 5.ruin n. 废墟；毁灭 v. 毁坏 6.danger n. 危险；风险 7.shelter n. 避难所；庇护处 v. 庇护 8.rescue v.& n. 营救；救援 9.burn up 烧起来；烧掉 10.keep the city safe 保护城市安全 11.a danger to ... 对……构成危险 12.look for shelter 寻找避难所 13.bring out the best in the survivors 激发出幸存者最好的一面 二、语境辨析词义 1.(构词明义)survivor [学构词]　后缀⁃or主要用于构成名词，表示职业、身份或物品、抽象概念。 ①Somehow this worst of disasters brought out the best in the survivors.________ ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)However， for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for， educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same， even when they contain identical words.________ 幸存者 教育者 2.(一词多义)heart n.心；内心；核心；中心；信心 ①Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. ______ ②(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories， 10 to 20 pages each， with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart._____ 中心 内心 3.(熟词生义)see v.[熟义]看见；看得见；看出；了解；理解；看待；探访 [生义](地点或时间)目睹，见证；送，护送 ①Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. _____________ ②My secretary will see you out.__________ 见证，目睹 送，护送 三、习得亮点表达 1.Man himself had to make ruins of some of the city’s best buildings so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. 赏析:本句中运用so that引导目的状语从句，彰显了人类在灾难中牺牲部分以保全整体的悲壮抉择，深化了叙事的人文关怀。 2.Never in all of San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as on this night of terror. 赏析:本句采用了“否定词置于句首引起部分倒装”的句式。倒装句式通过强调“从未有过”，极大突出了灾难之夜旧金山市民展现出的友善品质，与前文惨烈的灾难场景形成强烈对比，深化了“灾难激发出人性光辉”的主旨。 四、破译复杂长句 The firefighters to whom the task was given did their best but there was no way to organise or communicate. 抓标志 并列连词____；关系代词_______ 判类型 并列复合句:分句1(含一个定语从句)+but +分句2(含句式“there is/was no way ...”) 试翻译 被委以灭火任务的消防员竭尽全力，但组织与通信系统已完全瘫痪。 but whom 五、拓展文化认知 4·18旧金山地震:1906年4月18日旧金山发生的7.8级大地震，造成的地表破裂长度约470公里，后续发生的火灾将整个旧金山和地区其他城市付之一炬，是美国历史上主要城市遭受最严重的自然灾害之一。这场地震在地震学科发展史上地位举足轻重，围绕这次地震开展的研究成果开启了地震学科研究发展的曙光时代。 课时作业评价 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2026·河北张家口模拟)The National Weather Service in Des Moines， Iowa， posted early Saturday morning that initial reports indicate at least 10 tornadoes struck central Iowa in Friday’s storms， based on initial damage information. For Austin Ehlers， a firefighter in Persia， a city about 15 minutes from Minden， the tornado destroyed his grandfather’s home. “He lives just outside of Minden， right in the path where the tornado took，” Ehlers said. “After we cleared everything in Persia， we jumped in the trucks and went to Minden and helped. I found out my grandpa’s house was completely gone， and that he’s basically lost everything.” Despite Ehlers’ grandfather’s house being destroyed， his grandfather was uninjured in the tornado， he said. “He told me he just got into the basement and was getting ready to shut the door when all his windows shattered and glass almost hit him in the back，” Ehlers said. “It was close. Real close.” A tornado touched down just west of Pleasant Hill， just east of Des Moines， sweeping across town， injuring one person and damaging homes. Pleasant Hill Fire Department Chief Jamie Xayavong told reporters at a news conference Saturday that the person’s injury was not life⁃threatening. However，18 damaged homes in the town were no longer inhabitable. The fire chief did not know how strong the tornado was， though it left several other homes with moderate (中等的) or minor damage. She indicated that more damage reports could come in as recovery continues. Those in the area were in “a life⁃threatening situation，” the fire chief said. “Flying debris (碎片) may be deadly to those caught without shelter. Mobile homes will be destroyed. Considerable damage to homes， businesses， and vehicles is likely and complete destruction is possible.” Several of the city’s cross⁃streets were completely blocked by emergency crews and tree debris. Traffic seemed to be trying to leave the surrounding neighborhoods， which were without power. At the height of the storm， more than 10，000 customers in the downtown Des Moines were without power. 语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了周五在爱荷华州中部发生的龙卷风灾害情况。 √ 1.What does the underlined word “shattered” in paragraph 3 mean? A.Became very dirty.　 B.Broke into pieces. C.Were closed up. D.Were blown away. 解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段中“glass almost hit him in the back”可知，窗户碎了，shattered意为“(使)破碎”，和Broke into pieces意思相近。故选B。 √ 2.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A.The path of the tornado. B.The damage to the town. C.The prediction of the chief. D.The luck of the injured person. 解析:段落大意题。根据第四段可知，第四段主要讲的是龙卷风对小镇的破坏。故选B。 √ 3.Why were many people leaving the neighborhoods? A.They lost their homes. B.The cross⁃streets were blocked. C.The tornadoes were coming back. D.They had no access to electricity. 解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Traffic seemed to be trying to leave the surrounding neighborhoods， which were without power.”可知，很多人离开社区是因为社区没有电。故选D。 √ 4.What is this text? A.A news item. B.A rescue diary. C.A weather forecast. D.A disaster warning. 解析:推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要讲述了周五在爱荷华州中部发生的龙卷风灾害情况，因此很可能是一条新闻。故选A。 B (适变创新命题:第6题运用习语形式考查词义理解) Decades of increasing corn and soya bean production have turned Brazil into an agricultural powerhouse， which also led to the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.That has long put farmers and environmentalists in disagreement. But a study released in October by the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN) shows the extent to which deforestation is hurting farmers too. The report shows that the practice of clear⁃cutting in the Brazilian Amazon led to reduced crop production， resulting in total economic losses of about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019. The net revenues (收入) for soya beans dropped by 10% over that time， while corn revenues dropped by 20%. Anders Krogh， a specialist forest adviser at RFN， says these findings demonstrate the danger deforestation poses to global food security. When ancient forests become rolling plains， a delicate balance of water cycle is disturbed. As trees breathe， they turn water into vapour (水蒸气)，which goes on to form large， thick rain clouds， and has a cooling effect on the region. This recycling process also influences atmospheric circulation (循环)，which plays a key role in temperature regulation in the Amazon basin. The effects are the severest in the most deforested regions. Less rain and hotter days mean smaller harvests and smaller revenues. Preventing further deforestation in Brazil’s southern Amazon could slow the trend. Plus， reforesting could even change rainfall trends: the report concludes that if the Brazilian state of Pará were to reforest 55，000km2 of farming land， the rain could come on average five days earlier， and up to 19 in some areas. For now， though，that seems like a tall order. Agricultural firms in Brazil tend to treat such reports and the researchers who produce them with doubt. The term “agri⁃phobic (农业恐惧)” is often used to describe scientists who criticize the country’s farming practices. At the grassroots level，despite the increasing costs of adapting to drier conditions， Brazilian farmers doubt the claims that lower production results from climate change or deforestation.  Britaldo Soares⁃Filho， a researcher at UFMG and the report’s lead author， hopes that concentrating on the financial effect of deforestation， rather than abstract modelling， can change farmers’ minds. Sustainable farming practices， he urges， are in the economic interests of agribusiness. 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍森林的砍伐打破了水循环的平衡，导致农民收成的减少。重新造林会减少这一影响，但是农民对气候变化或森林砍伐导致产量下降的说法表示怀疑。 √ 5.How does the author develop paragraph 2? A.By listing statistics. B.By citing a saying. C.By making an assumption. D.By introducing a concept. 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019”“soya beans dropped by 10%”“corn revenues dropped by 20%”可知，该段是通过列举数据来展开段落的，故选A。 √ 6.Which is close to the underlined idiom “a tall order” in meaning in paragraph 4? A.A hard nut. B.A big fish. C.A helping hand. D.A red⁃letter day. 解析:运用习语考查词义猜测。根据第四段内容可知，阻止巴西南部亚马孙森林的进一步砍伐可能会减缓这一趋势。此外，重新造林甚至可以改变降雨趋势。画线词前的“though”表示转折，再根据画线词后一句可知，巴西的农业公司往往对这类报告及其撰写者持怀疑态度。所以可以推测此处是说那看起来像是一个棘手的问题，故选A。 √ 7.What does Britaldo Soares⁃Filho mean? A.Logging contributes to financial increase. B.Abstract modelling makes a big difference. C.Clear⁃cutting puts global food security in great danger. D.Farmers should focus on the financial impact of deforestation. 解析:推理判断题。根据第五段可知，Britaldo Soares⁃Filho希望关注森林砍伐对经济的影响，而不是抽象的建模改变农民的观念。由此可以推断，农民应该关注森林砍伐对经济的影响，故选D。 √ 8.What is the best title for the text? A.Deforestation: it boosts revenues? B.Water cycle: it disturbs agriculture? C.Climate change: it worsens rainforest? D.Reforesting: it relieves global warming? 解析:标题归纳题。整篇文章都是围绕砍伐森林所带来的一系列影响展开的。砍伐森林导致水循环的微妙平衡被破坏，影响大气环流，而大气环流在亚马孙流域的温度调节中起着关键作用，更少的雨水和更热的天气意味着更少的收成和更少的收入。想要缓解这一结果，需要重新造林，然而巴西农民们对此持怀疑态度。所以文章在讲砍伐森林看似增加了收入但其实带来了更大的危害，故A项“砍伐森林:它增加了收入?”最能概括本文内容。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2026·辽宁沈阳模拟)Earthquakes are unpredictable natural disasters that can cause dramatic damage in seconds. 　9　 Proper preparation and knowing what to do during and after an earthquake can significantly increase your chances of staying safe. This guide helps you prepare， respond， and recover effectively.  Before the quake One important way to prepare for a quake is to try to make your home safe. The stuff inside your home is just as important as the walls themselves. Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break.　10　 Move large or heavy objects to lower shelves， install latches (门闩) on cupboards， and secure any large appliances like water heaters.  When the shaking starts 　11　 In many situations that means remembering three actions: drop， cover， and hold.  Drop: Get down on your hands and knees immediately. This position protects you from falling but still allows you to move if necessary. Cover: Place your head and neck (and your entire body if possible) underneath a strong table or desk. Hold: Stay put until the shaking stops. Be prepared to move with your shelter if the shaking shifts it around. After the shaking calms Even after the ground grows still， the danger is not necessarily over. As the Earth settles from its quake， it can produce a series of smaller quakes known as aftershocks. 　12　 The first quake is then called a foreshock， and the second is called a main shock.  Still， once the shaking calms， it’s time to start getting ready for more. First， check for injuries. Next， check the gas and electric lines， and turn them off if you can do so safely. And if you are inside a heavily damaged structure， get yourself and others out as soon as possible. If you’re trapped， stay calm. Protect your mouth， nose， and eyes from the dust. Make noise to get responders’ attention. 　13　  A.Protect yourself as quickly as possible. B.There are generally two types of quakes. C.They occur most often near plate boundaries. D.If you are outside， keep an eye out for danger. E.A second quake might occasionally bigger than the first. F.Sometimes this can be solved with a little reorganization. G.They can strike anywhere， at any time， and without warning. 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震这一自然灾害及其应对措施。文章首先概述了地震的不可预测性和可能造成的巨大破坏，然后分别从地震前、地震发生时和地震后三个阶段，详细说明了如何准备、应对和恢复。 9.选G　上文“Earthquakes are unpredictable natural disasters that can cause dramatic damage in seconds.”强调了地震的不可预测性和破坏性。选项G“它们可以在任何地点、任何时间毫无预警地发生。”进一步说明地震的不可预测性，与前文衔接紧密，且引出下文关于地震应对的内容。故选G。 10.选F　上文“Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break.”提出要检查房间里可能掉落或破碎的东西。选项F“有时，稍微重新整理一下就能解决这些问题。”中的“this”指代上文寻找可能掉落或破碎的东西这件事，且说明了处理这些问题的方法是重新整理，符合语境。故选F。 11.选A　下文“In many situations that means remembering three actions: drop， cover， and hold.”介绍了地震发生时的具体应对动作。选项A“尽可能快地保护好自己。”概括了这部分内容的主旨，即尽快保护自己，引出下文。故选A。 12.选E　上文“As the Earth settles from its quake， it can produce a series of smaller quakes known as aftershocks.”指出地震后会有一系列较小的余震。选项E“有时第二次地震可能比第一次更大。”进一步说明了地震的情况，这里的“第二次地震”可以理解为余震，且余震有时可能比第一次地震更大，符合语境。故选E。 13.选D　上文“First， check for injuries ...Make noise to get responders’ attention.”主要介绍了地震后在室内的应对措施。选项D“如果你在室外，要留意周围的危险。”则补充了在室外的情况，即要留意危险，与上文在室内的情况相呼应，使关于地震后应对措施的介绍更加全面。故选D。 $