专题02 Unit 2 Out of this world-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语译林版选修第三册

2026-08-07
| 2份
| 28页
| 22人阅读
| 0人下载
普通
乐思英语精品馆
进店逛逛

资源信息

学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语译林版选修第三册
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 学案-导学案
知识点 -
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2027-2028
地区(省份) 江苏省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 147 KB
发布时间 2026-08-07
更新时间 2026-08-07
作者 乐思英语精品馆
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-08-07
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/59119311.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦12个高考高频词汇,以“语境串记语篇”为核心,通过“重力→漂浮→任务→评估”等逻辑记忆链构建知识网络,结合词根拆解、词性变化总表等模块,引导学生自主梳理词汇含义、搭配及考点,形成系统的词汇认知体系。 亮点在于多维度自主学习设计,如语法填空整合真题改编题,语篇默写强化语境运用,自我检测通过复述模板复盘记忆链,培养学生思维品质与学习能力。教师可依据学生在关联阅读、词汇升级等活动中的表现,精准指导个性化复习,有效提升备考效率。

内容正文:

专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案(译林版2019) 高考高频知识点:gravity / float / absence / mission / evaluate / exposure / visible / vital / circumstance / permanent / constant / calculate (知识点来源:选择性必修三 Unit 2 · Out of this world + 高考高频知识点) 学校:____________________ 姓名:____________________ 班级:__________ 座号:__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 9 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 11 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 12 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 12 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 On the space station there is almost no gravity, so every cup, every pen and even the crew members float in the air. In the absence of weight, a simple meal becomes a small adventure. Before each mission, the engineers on the ground carefully evaluate every risk, from the exposure to strong radiation to the food stored in the cupboard. Through the small window the blue Earth is clearly visible, and that quiet view reminds the crew why their work is so vital. In these circumstances, two hours of exercise a day is not a free choice but a strict rule, because bones grow weak without weight. Building a permanent base on the Moon still needs constant tests, and scientists must calculate every detail before a rocket leaves the ground. 【中文译文】 在空间站上几乎没有(gravity)重力,于是每一只杯子、每一支笔,甚至乘组成员本身,都会在空中(float)漂浮起来。在重量(absence)缺失的状态下,一顿简单的饭也会变成一场小小的冒险。每一次(mission)任务开始之前,地面上的工程师都会仔细(evaluate)评估每一项风险,从强辐射的(exposure)暴露,到储物柜里存放的食物。 透过小小的舷窗,蓝色的地球清晰(visible)可见,那安静的景象提醒着乘组:他们的工作为什么如此(vital)至关重要。在这样的(circumstance)情形下,每天两小时的锻炼不是一种自由选择,而是一条严格的规定,因为失去重量后骨骼会变得脆弱。要在月球上建起(permanent)永久性的基地,仍然需要(constant)持续不断的试验,科学家必须在火箭离开地面之前(calculate)计算好每一个细节。 💡 语境串联记忆线索:失去重力→物体漂浮→重量缺失→执行任务→评估风险→辐射暴露→地球可见→锻炼至关重要→在此情形下→永久基地→持续试验→精确计算 记忆链:gravity → float → absence → mission → evaluate → exposure → visible → vital → circumstance → permanent → constant → calculate Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 gravity /ˈɡrævəti/ n. 重力;引力;严重性;严肃 ⚡考点:zero gravity 失重;the law of gravity 万有引力定律;the gravity of the situation 局势的严重性;gravitational adj. 引力的 2 float /fləʊt/ vi./vt. 漂浮;飘动;漂流 n. 漂浮物 ⚡考点:float in the air 在空中漂浮;float on water 浮在水面;float an idea 提出想法试探反应;floating adj. 漂浮的 3 absence /ˈæbsəns/ n. 缺席;不在;缺乏;不存在 ⚡考点:in the absence of 在缺少…的情况下;in one's absence 在某人不在时;absence from school 缺课;absent adj. 缺席的 4 mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n. 任务;使命;使团;天职 ⚡考点:a space mission 太空任务;carry out/accomplish a mission 执行/完成任务;on a mission 执行任务中;one's mission in life 人生使命 5 evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ vt. 评估;评价;估计(价值) ⚡考点:evaluate the risk/results 评估风险/结果;evaluate how/whether 引导宾语从句;evaluation n. 评估;re-evaluate v. 重新评价 6 exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə(r)/ n. 暴露;接触;曝光;揭露 ⚡考点:exposure to sth. 对…的接触(介词to);be exposed to 被暴露于;media exposure 媒体曝光;expose v. 使暴露 7 visible /ˈvɪzəbl/ adj. 看得见的;可见的;明显的 ⚡考点:be visible to the naked eye 肉眼可见;clearly visible 清晰可见;visibility n. 能见度;知名度;invisible adj. 看不见的 8 vital /ˈvaɪtl/ adj. 至关重要的;生死攸关的;充满活力的 ⚡考点:play a vital role in 起关键作用;be vital to/for 对…极重要;of vital importance 极为重要;It is vital that sb. (should) do 9 circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/ n.(常复数)情况;环境;境遇 ⚡考点:in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;under no circumstances 决不(置句首倒装);economic circumstances 经济状况 10 permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的;永恒的;长期的 ⚡考点:a permanent base/job/address 永久基地/固定工作/长期住址;permanently adv. 永久地;permanence n. 永久;辨析temporary 11 constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ adj. 持续的;不断的;恒定的;忠诚的 n. 常数 ⚡考点:a constant record 持续记录;constant changes 不断变化;at a constant speed 匀速;constantly adv. 不断地 12 calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ vt. 计算;估算;预测;打算 ⚡考点:calculate the orbit/cost 计算轨道/成本;calculate how/what 引导宾语从句;be calculated to do 旨在做;calculation n. 计算 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. gravity /ˈɡrævəti/ n. 重力;引力;地心引力;严重性;严肃 【核心考点】 gravity是科技类语篇尤其是航天题材的核心名词,为不可数名词。常用搭配the force of gravity(重力)、the law of gravity(万有引力定律)、zero gravity / the absence of gravity(失重状态)、defy gravity(挑战地心引力)、the centre of gravity(重心)。抽象义常见于the gravity of the situation/the problem(局势/问题的严重性)、with great gravity(神情严肃地)。形容词gravitational adj.(引力的)→ gravitational pull(引力);动词gravitate v.(受吸引而移向)→ gravitate towards。辨析:gravity(自然科学中的重力,也指事态严重性)vs weight(物体所受重力的量,即重量)vs seriousness(普通用词,指严重、认真)。太空语篇中"在失重条件下"高频写作in zero gravity或in the absence of gravity。 【词根联想】 grav(拉丁语gravis"重的")+ -ity(名词后缀)→ 沉重的性质→ 重力;引申为事情之"沉重"→ 严重性。联想:grav/griev"重"→ grave(严肃的;坟墓)、gravity(重力;严重性)、aggravate(加重→使恶化)、grief(悲痛→心情沉重)、grieve(悲伤)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:gravity n. 严重性;严肃;庄重。熟义"重力"之外,gravity可指事态的严重程度或神情的庄重,如They failed to realize the gravity of the crisis(他们没有意识到这场危机的严重性)、He spoke with great gravity(他神情十分严肃地讲话)。此义在时事评论与人物描写类阅读中常见。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"In the near absence of gravity, a drop of water on the space station slowly turns into a shining ball."(在几乎没有重力的环境里,空间站上的一滴水会慢慢变成一颗闪亮的小球。)(经典原句·gravity 重力) 【搭配词块】 zero gravity 失重 / the force of gravity 重力 / the law of gravity 万有引力定律 / the gravity of the situation 局势的严重性 2. float /fləʊt/ vi./vt. 漂浮;飘动;漂流 n. 漂浮物;彩车 【核心考点】 float既可作不及物动词,也可作及物动词(使漂浮)。常用搭配float in the air(在空中飘浮)、float on the water(浮在水面上)、float down the river(顺流而下)、float past/away(飘过/飘走)、float a boat(使船浮起)。现在分词floating可作定语,如a floating microcomputer(漂浮的微型电脑)、floating hair(飘起的头发)。辨析:float(因密度小而浮在液体或空气中,强调状态)vs drift(随水流或气流缓慢移动,含无方向感)vs sink(下沉,反义词)vs hover(悬停在空中,多指鸟或直升机)。写太空生活的读后续写与说明文时,float是描写失重最自然的动词。 【词根联想】 源自古英语flotian"漂浮",与fleet(舰队;快速的)、flow(流动)同源,词首fl-常带"流动、飞动"的意象。联想:fl-"流/飞"→ flow(流动)、flood(洪水)、fly(飞)、flutter(飘动)、float(漂浮),一组词共享"轻盈移动"的画面感。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:float vt. 提出(想法、计划)以试探反应。熟义"漂浮"之外,float在商务与议论语境中表示把一个想法"抛出来看看反应",如She floated the idea of a school space club(她提出了办校园航天社团这个想法试探大家的反应)。此外float还可指公司"上市"。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The astronaut watched his pen float slowly past his shoulder and stop near the wall."(这位航天员看着自己的笔慢慢从肩旁飘过,停在舱壁附近。)(经典原句·float 漂浮) 【搭配词块】 float in the air 在空中漂浮 / float on water 浮在水面 / floating adj. 漂浮的 / float an idea 提出想法试探 3. absence /ˈæbsəns/ n. 缺席;不在;缺乏;不存在 【核心考点】 absence是写作与阅读双高频抽象名词,语法填空常考absent(adj.)→ absence(n.)的转换。核心短语in the absence of sth.(在缺少某物的情况下;由于没有…)、in one's absence(某人不在时)、in the absence of evidence(在缺乏证据的情况下)、absence from school/work(缺课/缺勤,介词用from)、a long absence(长期离开)。谚语Absence makes the heart grow fonder(小别胜新婚)。形容词absent adj.(缺席的;心不在焉的)→ be absent from;absent-minded(心不在焉的)。辨析:absence(不在场或缺乏,正式)vs lack(缺乏,多指数量不足,可作动词)vs shortage(短缺,指供不应求)。 【词根联想】 ab-(离开,away)+ ess/sent(拉丁语esse"存在,to be"的现在分词sens)→ 存在于别处→ 不在;缺席。联想:-sent/-sence"存在"→ present(在场的→在前面存在)、absent(缺席的→离开而存在)、essence(本质→存在的核心)、presence(出席)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:absence n. 缺乏;不存在。熟义"缺席"之外,absence常指某事物根本不存在,如the absence of gravity(失重)、in the absence of proof(在没有证据的情况下)。此义在科技说明文和议论文中出现频率极高,是替换lack of的高级表达。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"In the absence of weight, even drinking a cup of water becomes a difficult task for the crew."(在失重状态下,就连喝一杯水对乘组来说也成了一件难事。)(经典原句·absence 缺乏;不存在) 【搭配词块】 in the absence of 在缺少…的情况下 / in one's absence 某人不在时 / absent adj. 缺席的 / be absent from 缺席 4. mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n. 任务;使命;使团;代表团;天职 【核心考点】 mission是航天与社会话题的高频名词。常用搭配a space mission / a manned mission(太空任务/载人任务)、carry out / accomplish / complete a mission(执行/完成任务)、be on a mission(在执行任务)、a rescue mission(救援任务)、a trade mission(贸易代表团)、mission impossible(不可能完成的任务)。抽象义指人生使命,如one's mission in life(人生使命)、a sense of mission(使命感)。派生词missionary n.(传教士)adj.(传教的)。辨析:mission(有明确目的且常带庄严色彩的重大任务)vs task(具体的、通常较小的工作)vs duty(职责,强调义务)vs assignment(分配的作业或任务)。 【词根联想】 miss/mit(拉丁语mittere"送,派遣")+ -ion(名词后缀)→ 被派遣出去要做的事→ 任务;使命。联想:miss/mit"送"→ mission(任务)、missile(导弹→被发射出去之物)、transmit(传送)、admit(接纳→送进)、submit(提交→送到下面)、emit(发出)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:mission n. 使命;天职;人生目标。熟义"任务"之外,mission指一个人或机构存在的根本目的,如Our mission is to make science fun for children(我们的使命是让科学对孩子来说妙趣横生)、a strong sense of mission(强烈的使命感)。此义在演讲稿与申请信写作中极为实用。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Every space mission begins long before the rocket finally leaves the ground."(每一次太空任务,早在火箭真正离开地面之前很久就已经开始了。)(经典原句·mission 任务) 【搭配词块】 a space mission 太空任务 / carry out a mission 执行任务 / on a mission 执行任务中 / a sense of mission 使命感 5. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ vt. 评估;评价;估算(价值、数量) 【核心考点】 evaluate是学术与说明文的核心动词,语体正式,写作提分明显。常用搭配evaluate the risk/effect/results(评估风险/效果/结果)、evaluate a plan(评估方案)、evaluate sb.'s performance(评价某人的表现);后接宾语从句时常用evaluate how/whether/what结构,如evaluate how the body behaves(评估身体如何反应)。名词evaluation n.(评估;鉴定)→ a fair evaluation(客观评价)、make an evaluation of;re-evaluate v.(重新评价);evaluative adj.(评价性的)。辨析:evaluate(依据标准作出较正式的判断,多用于学术、工程语境)vs assess(评定,常涉及数量或等级)vs estimate(估计数量,含大致推算)vs judge(凭主观作判断)。 【词根联想】 e-(向外,ex-的变体)+ valu(拉丁语valere"有价值;强健")+ -ate(动词后缀)→ 把价值算出来→ 评估。联想:val"价值;强"→ value(价值)、valuable(有价值的)、valid(有效的)、evaluate(评估)、prevail(占上风→更有力量)、available(可获得的)。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Before every launch, engineers carefully evaluate how the human body will behave without weight."(每次发射之前,工程师都会仔细评估人体在失重状态下会有怎样的反应。)(经典原句·evaluate 评估) 【搭配词块】 evaluate the risk 评估风险 / evaluate how/whether 评估…如何 / evaluation n. 评估 / re-evaluate v. 重新评价 6. exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə(r)/ n. 暴露;接触;曝光;揭露;受到(危险等)影响 【核心考点】 exposure是科技、健康与传媒类语篇的高频名词,高考语法填空常考expose(v.)→ exposure(n.)的转换。核心搭配exposure to sth.(对…的接触/暴露,介词固定用to)、long exposure to radiation/sunlight(长时间接触辐射/阳光)、reduce/limit exposure(减少接触)、media exposure(媒体曝光度)、the exposure of a secret(秘密的揭露)。动词expose v.(使暴露;揭露)→ be exposed to(被暴露于…,被动结构是高考高频考点)、expose sb. to danger;形容词exposed adj.(无遮蔽的;暴露的)。辨析:exposure(被动地处于某种影响之下,可褒可贬)vs contact(接触,强调相互)vs experience(亲身体验)。 【词根联想】 ex-(向外,out)+ pos(拉丁语ponere"放置")+ -ure(名词后缀)→ 把东西放到外面→ 暴露;显露。联想:pos"放"→ pose(摆姿势→放置身体)、expose(暴露→向外放)、compose(组成→放到一起)、propose(提议→放到前面)、impose(强加)、deposit(存放)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:exposure n.(媒体的)曝光度;宣传。熟义"暴露"之外,exposure在传媒语境中指被公众看到的机会,如The young singer got a lot of media exposure(这位年轻歌手获得了大量媒体曝光)。此义常见于广告、传媒类阅读理解,属高考高频引申义。 【真题原句】 (2021·全国乙卷·阅读D·同根动词be exposed to被动)"They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels."(他们被随机分成四组,分别处于不同程度的背景噪音之中,从完全安静到50分贝、70分贝和85分贝。)(真题原句·exposure/expose 暴露;接触) 【搭配词块】 exposure to 对…的接触 / be exposed to 被暴露于 / long exposure 长时间接触 / media exposure 媒体曝光 7. visible /ˈvɪzəbl/ adj. 看得见的;可见的;明显的;引人注目的 【核心考点】 visible是说明文与科技类语篇的高频形容词。常用搭配be visible to the naked eye(肉眼可见)、clearly/barely visible(清晰可见/几乎看不见)、visible from a distance(远处可见)、a visible improvement(明显的改善)、highly visible(非常显眼的)。名词visibility n.(能见度;知名度;可见性)→ poor visibility(能见度差)、international visibility(国际知名度,2024年新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空考点);反义词invisible adj.(看不见的);副词visibly adv.(明显地)→ visibly moved(明显被感动)。辨析:visible(能被眼睛看到的,也指明显的)vs obvious(显而易见的,侧重易于理解)vs apparent(表面上的;显然的)vs noticeable(值得注意的,引人察觉的)。 【词根联想】 vis(拉丁语videre"看"的词根)+ -ible(形容词后缀,表"能被…的")→ 能被看到的→ 可见的。联想:vis/vid"看"→ vision(视力;眼光)、visual(视觉的)、visit(拜访→去看)、evidence(证据→看得见的)、supervise(监督→在上面看)、invisible(看不见的)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:visible adj. 明显的;显著的(指变化、效果)。熟义"看得见的"之外,visible可修饰抽象事物表示效果明显,如a visible change in his attitude(他态度上明显的转变)、visible progress(显著进步)。名词visibility还可表示"知名度",是高考语法填空的实考点。 【真题原句】 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空62题·visible转名词visibility)"Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers."(埃德蒙森说,这些文化元素提升了斯特拉特福的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过莎翁故居花园时,常常惊讶地发现两位伟大作家之间的关联。)(真题原句·visible/visibility 可见的;知名度) 【搭配词块】 be visible to 对…可见 / clearly visible 清晰可见 / visibility n. 能见度;知名度 / invisible adj. 看不见的 8. vital /ˈvaɪtl/ adj. 至关重要的;生死攸关的;生命的;充满活力的 【核心考点】 vital是议论文与说明文中替换important的高分形容词。核心结构play a vital role/part in(在…中起关键作用,高考真题原句结构)、be vital to/for sth.(对…至关重要)、of vital importance(极为重要,= vitally important)、It is vital that sb. (should) do sth.(虚拟语气,should可省,从句用动词原形,为高考语法高频考点)。副词vitally adv.(极其;至关重要地);名词vitality n.(活力;生命力)→ full of vitality。辨析:vital(缺之不可,语气最强,含"关乎存亡"意味)vs essential(必不可少的,强调构成要素)vs crucial(决定性的,强调转折关头)vs significant(意义重大的,强调影响)。用vital替换very important可立刻提升写作档次。 【词根联想】 vit(拉丁语vita"生命")+ -al(形容词后缀)→ 与生命有关的→ 生命攸关的→ 至关重要的。联想:vit/viv"生命"→ vital(至关重要的)、vitality(活力)、vitamin(维生素→维系生命之物)、survive(幸存→活下来)、revive(复活)、vivid(生动的→有生命力的)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:vital adj. 充满活力的;生气勃勃的。熟义"至关重要的"之外,vital可形容人精力充沛、有生命力,如a vital young teacher(一位充满活力的年轻教师)、a vital personality(富有生气的个性)。此义多见于人物描写类语篇,可与energetic互换。 【真题原句】 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·vital修饰role作定语)"Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys."(栖息地修复队的志愿者在恢复脆弱资源、保护山脊与山谷间的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。)(真题原句·vital 至关重要的) 【搭配词块】 play a vital role in 起关键作用 / be vital to/for 对…极重要 / of vital importance 极为重要 / vitality n. 活力 9. circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/ n.(常用复数)情况;环境;条件;境遇;经济状况 【核心考点】 circumstance在表示"情况、环境"时几乎总用复数circumstances,这是高考易错点。核心短语in/under the circumstances(在这种情况下)、in difficult circumstances(在困境中)、under no circumstances(决不;无论如何都不——置于句首时主句必须部分倒装,是高考倒装句高频考点)、depending on the circumstances(视情况而定)、economic circumstances(经济状况)。形容词circumstantial adj.(依情况而定的;间接的)→ circumstantial evidence(间接证据)。辨析:circumstances(围绕某事件的具体情况,多复数)vs situation(局势,指整体形势)vs condition(条件;状况,指物或人的状态)vs environment(自然或社会环境)。 【词根联想】 circum-(周围,around)+ st(拉丁语stare"站立")+ -ance(名词后缀)→ 站立在周围的东西→ 周遭的情形→ 情况;环境。联想:circum-"围绕"→ circle(圆圈)、circus(马戏团→圆形场地)、circulate(循环)、circumstance(环境);st"站"→ stand、stable、statue。 【真题原句】 (2021·北京卷·阅读D·circumstances复数表"环境状况")"Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming."(最近,我构想出一种新的计时方法,它与我们这颗星球上的环境状况相关联,而这些状况可能因全球变暖而改变。)(真题原句·circumstance 情况;环境) 【搭配词块】 in the circumstances 在这种情况下 / under no circumstances 决不(倒装)/ in difficult circumstances 在困境中 / economic circumstances 经济状况 10. permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的;永恒的;长期的;固定的 【核心考点】 permanent是社会与科技话题的高频形容词。常用搭配a permanent base/settlement(永久基地/定居点)、a permanent job/position(固定工作/职位)、a permanent address(长期通信地址)、permanent damage(永久性损伤)、become permanent(变成永久性的)。副词permanently adv.(永久地)→ permanently closed;名词permanence n.(永久;持久性);反义词temporary adj.(暂时的)、impermanent adj.(非永久的)。辨析:permanent(长久不变的,与temporary相对)vs lasting(持久的,强调影响延续)vs eternal(永恒的,多用于抽象概念)vs constant(持续不断的,强调频率而非时长)。描写月球或火星基地时"永久性基地"固定写作a permanent base。 【词根联想】 per-(自始至终,through)+ man(拉丁语manere"停留")+ -ent(形容词后缀)→ 自始至终留下来的→ 永久的。联想:man/main"停留"→ remain(保持;剩余→留在后面)、mansion(宅邸→久居之所)、permanent(永久的)、immanent(内在的)。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Building a permanent base on the Moon is far harder than paying it a short visit."(在月球上建造一座永久性基地,远比对它进行一次短暂造访困难得多。)(经典原句·permanent 永久的) 【搭配词块】 a permanent base 永久基地 / a permanent job 固定工作 / permanently adv. 永久地 / 反义 temporary adj. 暂时的 11. constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ adj. 持续的;不断的;恒定的;忠诚的 n. 常数;常量 【核心考点】 constant在阅读与写作中出现频率极高。常用搭配constant changes/interruptions(不断的变化/打扰)、a constant record(持续的记录)、at a constant speed/temperature(以恒定速度/温度)、be under constant pressure(长期承压)、a constant reminder of(不断提醒人想起…的事物)。副词constantly adv.(不断地;总是)→ constantly changing;名词constancy n.(坚定;恒定)。辨析:constant(连续不断或恒定不变,可褒可贬)vs continuous(不间断的,中间无停顿)vs continual(反复发生的,中间有间隔)vs permanent(永久的,强调时长)。语法填空常考constant(adj.)↔ constantly(adv.)的词性转换,判断依据是所修饰成分。 【词根联想】 con-(一起,加强语气)+ st(拉丁语stare"站立")+ -ant(形容词后缀)→ 始终站在那里不动→ 恒定的;持续的。联想:st"站"→ stand(站立)、stable(稳定的)、station(车站)、constant(恒定的)、instant(瞬间→站在当下)、circumstance(环境)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:constant adj. 忠诚的;始终如一的。熟义"不断的"之外,constant在书面语中可形容人忠贞不渝,如a constant friend(一位忠实的朋友);作名词时constant表示"常数、常量",如a physical constant(物理常量),此义在科技类说明文中常见。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The computer keeps a constant record of the temperature and air quality inside the cabin."(这台计算机对舱内的温度与空气质量保持着持续不断的记录。)(经典原句·constant 持续的) 【搭配词块】 constant changes 不断变化 / a constant record 持续记录 / at a constant speed 匀速 / constantly adv. 不断地 12. calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ vt. 计算;估算;推测;打算;指望 【核心考点】 calculate是科技类说明文的核心动词。常用搭配calculate the cost/distance/orbit(计算成本/距离/轨道)、calculate how/what/whether(后接宾语从句)、be calculated to do sth.(旨在做某事;意在产生某种效果)、calculate on sth.(指望;期待)。名词calculation n.(计算;估算)→ by my calculation(据我估算)、a rough calculation(粗略估算);calculator n.(计算器);形容词calculated adj.(蓄意的;经过算计的)→ a calculated risk(估算过的风险)。辨析:calculate(依据数据进行较精确的运算)vs count(点数,逐一数数)vs estimate(估计,凭经验大致推断)vs figure out(口语,弄清楚;算出)。 【词根联想】 calcul(拉丁语calculus"小石子",古人以石子计数)+ -ate(动词后缀)→ 用石子来数→ 计算。联想:calculus(微积分;结石,本义"小石子")→ calculate(计算)、calculator(计算器)、calculation(计算);同源意象还有chalk(白垩)与calcium(钙),皆源于"石灰石"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:calculate vt. 打算;旨在(常用被动be calculated to do)。熟义"计算"之外,be calculated to do sth.表示"有意为之、旨在产生某效果",如The advertisement is calculated to attract young readers(这则广告意在吸引年轻读者)。此义在广告与传媒类阅读中常考。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Scientists must calculate every detail of the orbit before a rocket leaves the ground."(在火箭离开地面之前,科学家必须把轨道的每一个细节都计算清楚。)(经典原句·calculate 计算) 【搭配词块】 calculate the orbit 计算轨道 / calculation n. 计算 / be calculated to do 旨在做 / a rough calculation 粗略估算 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 gravity gravitational (adj.) gravitate (v.) grave (adj.) zero gravity / the law of gravity float floating (adj.) floated (v.) floats (v.) float in the air / float on water absence absent (adj.) absently (adv.) absentee (n.) in the absence of / be absent from mission missions (n.pl.) missionary (n.) --- a space mission / carry out a mission evaluate evaluation (n.) evaluator (n.) re-evaluate (v.) evaluate the risk / a fair evaluation exposure expose (v.) exposed (adj.) exposing (v.) exposure to / be exposed to visible visibility (n.) invisible (adj.) visibly (adv.) clearly visible / international visibility vital vitally (adv.) vitality (n.) --- play a vital role in / of vital importance circumstance circumstances (n.pl.) circumstantial (adj.) --- in the circumstances / under no circumstances permanent permanently (adv.) permanence (n.) impermanent (adj.) a permanent base / a permanent job constant constantly (adv.) constancy (n.) --- a constant record / at a constant speed calculate calculation (n.) calculator (n.) calculated (adj.) calculate the orbit / be calculated to do Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a ____________ (vitally) role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species. 2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空62题)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international ____________ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 3.(2021北京卷·阅读D·改编)Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to ____________ (circumstantial) on our planet. 4.(2021全国乙卷·阅读D·改编)They were randomly divided into four groups and ____________ (exposure) to various noise levels in the background. 5.(2026山东济南·模拟)In the ____________ (absent) of gravity, even a simple meal becomes a small adventure for the crew. 6.(2026广东广州·模拟)The two astronauts were seen ____________ (float) slowly past the window of the space station. 7.(2026江苏南京·模拟)The ____________ (gravitational) on the Moon is only about one sixth of that on the Earth. 8.(2026浙江杭州·模拟)Over the past ten years China has successfully carried out a number of manned space ____________ (mission). 9.(2026四川成都·模拟)Our physics teacher asked us to ____________ (evaluation) the results of the experiment carefully. 10.(2026湖南长沙·模拟)Building a ____________ (permanently) base on the Moon remains a great challenge for engineers. 11.(2026河北石家庄·模拟)The computer keeps a ____________ (constantly) record of the temperature inside the module. 12.(2026福建福州·模拟)It took the team three whole days to ____________ (calculation) the exact orbit of the satellite. 13.(2026湖北武汉·模拟)Long ____________ (expose) to strong radiation may do great harm to the health of astronauts. 14.(2026安徽合肥·模拟)In the ____________ (circumstance), the launch had to be put off until the storm passed. 15.(2026江西南昌·模拟)Regular exercise is of ____________ (vitally) importance to anyone living in space for months. Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 在空间站上几乎没有____________(重力),于是每一只杯子、每一支笔,甚至乘组成员本身,都会在空中____________(漂浮)起来。在重量____________(缺失;不存在)的状态下,一顿简单的饭也会变成一场小小的冒险。 每一次____________(任务)开始之前,地面上的工程师都会仔细____________(评估)每一项风险,从强辐射的____________(暴露;接触),到储物柜里存放的食物。 透过小小的舷窗,蓝色的地球清晰____________(可见的),那安静的景象提醒着乘组:他们的工作为什么如此____________(至关重要的)。在这样的____________(情形;环境)下,要在月球上建起____________(永久的)基地,仍然需要____________(持续不断的)试验,科学家必须在火箭离开地面之前____________(计算)好每一个细节。 Part 7 关联阅读 When Lin Wei was fifteen, her class visited a space centre in Beijing. In a dark hall she watched a short film about the Chinese space station, and one picture stayed in her mind: a young woman in a blue suit, her hair standing straight up because there was almost no gravity around her. Objects seemed to float past her shoulder like slow silver fish. None of her classmates could explain what they had just seen, and Lin Wei decided that day that she wanted to understand that strange world. Ten years later she works as a junior engineer in a training centre, and her job is to evaluate how the human body behaves in the absence of weight. Every mission, she explains to visiting students, begins long before the rocket leaves the ground. Her team studies bone loss, sleep quality and the exposure of the crew to radiation from the sun. Some of these dangers are not visible at all, which is exactly why they have to be measured with great care. Lin Wei says that exercise is vital for anyone who stays in orbit for months, because muscles and bones grow weak surprisingly fast up there. In such circumstances two hours of daily training is not a personal choice but a strict rule. Her team also keeps a constant record of temperature, air and noise inside the training module, and every figure is later used to calculate how a real crew might feel after half a year above our heads. Her long-term dream is bigger than any single flight. She hopes to help design a permanent base on the Moon, where scientists could live and work for years rather than days. Yet what she enjoys most is still the moment when a visiting student asks her a question that she cannot answer at once. She keeps a small photograph of that first school visit on her desk, and she often tells the children the same thing: her own story began in a dark hall, in front of a floating pen. 1. What impressed Lin Wei most during her school visit at the age of fifteen? A. The huge size of the space centre in Beijing. B. A talk given by a famous Chinese astronaut. C. A scene of weightlessness shown in a short film. D. A full-size model of the Chinese space station. 2. What is a main part of Lin Wei's present work? A. Studying how the human body reacts to weightlessness. B. Training young astronauts for their first space walks. C. Designing lighter and safer suits for crew members. D. Repairing broken equipment inside the space station. 3. Why is two hours of daily exercise a strict rule in orbit? A. Because it helps the crew sleep better at night. B. Because it keeps the module at a fixed temperature. C. Because it cuts down the crew's exposure to radiation. D. Because muscles and bones grow weak very fast in space. 4. What does Lin Wei enjoy most about her job? A. Working on the design of a future base on the Moon. B. Being asked a question she cannot answer immediately. C. Recording data day after day in the training module. D. Meeting well-known scientists from other countries. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇:gravity, float, absence, mission, evaluate, exposure, visible, vital, circumstance, permanent, constant, calculate Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义: 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 12 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1. gravity — ____________ 2. float — ____________ 3. absence — ____________ 4. mission — ____________ 5. evaluate — ____________ 6. exposure — ____________ 7. visible — ____________ 8. vital — ____________ 9. circumstance — ____________ 10. permanent — ____________ 11. constant — ____________ 12. calculate — ____________ 13. visibility — ____________ 14. vitality — ____________ 15. evaluation — ____________ 16. permanently — ____________ 17. calculation — ____________ 18. constantly — ____________ 19. in the absence of — ____________ 20. under no circumstances — ____________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换:用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词,提升写作表达: 1. There is almost no earth pull on the space station, so everything moves freely. → There is almost no ____________ on the space station, so everything moves freely. 2. A pen can stay in the air and move slowly past the shoulder of an astronaut. → A pen can ____________ slowly past the shoulder of an astronaut. 3. Without weight, even a simple meal becomes a small adventure for the crew members. → In the ____________ of weight, even a simple meal becomes a small adventure. 4. The team completed a very important task in space in less than seven days. → The team completed a very important space ____________ in less than seven days. 5. Engineers must carefully judge the value of every plan before the launch begins. → Engineers must carefully ____________ every plan before the launch begins. 6. Being in strong sunlight for a long time may do harm to the health of astronauts. → Long ____________ to strong sunlight may do harm to the health of astronauts. 7. From the small window of the station, the blue Earth can be clearly seen. → From the small window of the station, the blue Earth is clearly ____________. 8. Daily exercise is extremely important for anyone who stays in orbit for months. → Daily exercise is ____________ for anyone who stays in orbit for months. 9. In this kind of situation, the launch had to be put off for another two days. → In these ____________, the launch had to be put off for another two days. 10. Scientists hope to build a base on the Moon that will last for ever. → Scientists hope to build a ____________ base on the Moon. 11. The computer keeps a never-stopping record of the air quality inside the module. → The computer keeps a ____________ record of the air quality inside the module. 12. The team had to work out the exact orbit of the satellite before the launch. → The team had to ____________ the exact orbit of the satellite before the launch. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示,尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链: 记忆链:gravity → float → absence → mission → evaluate → exposure → visible → vital → circumstance → permanent → constant → calculate 复述模板(填空): 在空间站上几乎没有____________(重力),杯子、笔甚至乘组成员都会在空中____________(漂浮)起来。 在重量____________(缺失)的状态下,每一次____________(任务)之前,工程师都会仔细____________(评估)风险,包括强辐射的____________(暴露)。 透过舷窗,蓝色地球清晰____________(可见的),这提醒着乘组:他们的工作为何如此____________(至关重要的)。 在这样的____________(情形)下,要建起____________(永久的)月球基地,仍需要____________(持续不断的)试验,科学家必须提前____________(计算)好每一个细节。 你的复述: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ $专题02【语境串考点】第二单元备考学案(译林版2019) 高考高频知识点:gravity / float / absence / mission / evaluate / exposure / visible / vital / circumstance / permanent / constant / calculate (知识点来源:选择性必修三 Unit 2 · Out of this world + 高考高频知识点) 学校:____________________ 姓名:____________________ 班级:__________ 座号:__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 9 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 11 【练习题】 11 Part 7 关联阅读 11 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 13 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 14 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 On the space station there is almost no gravity, so every cup, every pen and even the crew members float in the air. In the absence of weight, a simple meal becomes a small adventure. Before each mission, the engineers on the ground carefully evaluate every risk, from the exposure to strong radiation to the food stored in the cupboard. Through the small window the blue Earth is clearly visible, and that quiet view reminds the crew why their work is so vital. In these circumstances, two hours of exercise a day is not a free choice but a strict rule, because bones grow weak without weight. Building a permanent base on the Moon still needs constant tests, and scientists must calculate every detail before a rocket leaves the ground. 【中文译文】 在空间站上几乎没有(gravity)重力,于是每一只杯子、每一支笔,甚至乘组成员本身,都会在空中(float)漂浮起来。在重量(absence)缺失的状态下,一顿简单的饭也会变成一场小小的冒险。每一次(mission)任务开始之前,地面上的工程师都会仔细(evaluate)评估每一项风险,从强辐射的(exposure)暴露,到储物柜里存放的食物。 透过小小的舷窗,蓝色的地球清晰(visible)可见,那安静的景象提醒着乘组:他们的工作为什么如此(vital)至关重要。在这样的(circumstance)情形下,每天两小时的锻炼不是一种自由选择,而是一条严格的规定,因为失去重量后骨骼会变得脆弱。要在月球上建起(permanent)永久性的基地,仍然需要(constant)持续不断的试验,科学家必须在火箭离开地面之前(calculate)计算好每一个细节。 💡 语境串联记忆线索:失去重力→物体漂浮→重量缺失→执行任务→评估风险→辐射暴露→地球可见→锻炼至关重要→在此情形下→永久基地→持续试验→精确计算 记忆链:gravity → float → absence → mission → evaluate → exposure → visible → vital → circumstance → permanent → constant → calculate Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 gravity /ˈɡrævəti/ n. 重力;引力;严重性;严肃 ⚡考点:zero gravity 失重;the law of gravity 万有引力定律;the gravity of the situation 局势的严重性;gravitational adj. 引力的 2 float /fləʊt/ vi./vt. 漂浮;飘动;漂流 n. 漂浮物 ⚡考点:float in the air 在空中漂浮;float on water 浮在水面;float an idea 提出想法试探反应;floating adj. 漂浮的 3 absence /ˈæbsəns/ n. 缺席;不在;缺乏;不存在 ⚡考点:in the absence of 在缺少…的情况下;in one's absence 在某人不在时;absence from school 缺课;absent adj. 缺席的 4 mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n. 任务;使命;使团;天职 ⚡考点:a space mission 太空任务;carry out/accomplish a mission 执行/完成任务;on a mission 执行任务中;one's mission in life 人生使命 5 evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ vt. 评估;评价;估计(价值) ⚡考点:evaluate the risk/results 评估风险/结果;evaluate how/whether 引导宾语从句;evaluation n. 评估;re-evaluate v. 重新评价 6 exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə(r)/ n. 暴露;接触;曝光;揭露 ⚡考点:exposure to sth. 对…的接触(介词to);be exposed to 被暴露于;media exposure 媒体曝光;expose v. 使暴露 7 visible /ˈvɪzəbl/ adj. 看得见的;可见的;明显的 ⚡考点:be visible to the naked eye 肉眼可见;clearly visible 清晰可见;visibility n. 能见度;知名度;invisible adj. 看不见的 8 vital /ˈvaɪtl/ adj. 至关重要的;生死攸关的;充满活力的 ⚡考点:play a vital role in 起关键作用;be vital to/for 对…极重要;of vital importance 极为重要;It is vital that sb. (should) do 9 circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/ n.(常复数)情况;环境;境遇 ⚡考点:in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;under no circumstances 决不(置句首倒装);economic circumstances 经济状况 10 permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的;永恒的;长期的 ⚡考点:a permanent base/job/address 永久基地/固定工作/长期住址;permanently adv. 永久地;permanence n. 永久;辨析temporary 11 constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ adj. 持续的;不断的;恒定的;忠诚的 n. 常数 ⚡考点:a constant record 持续记录;constant changes 不断变化;at a constant speed 匀速;constantly adv. 不断地 12 calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ vt. 计算;估算;预测;打算 ⚡考点:calculate the orbit/cost 计算轨道/成本;calculate how/what 引导宾语从句;be calculated to do 旨在做;calculation n. 计算 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. gravity /ˈɡrævəti/ n. 重力;引力;地心引力;严重性;严肃 【核心考点】 gravity是科技类语篇尤其是航天题材的核心名词,为不可数名词。常用搭配the force of gravity(重力)、the law of gravity(万有引力定律)、zero gravity / the absence of gravity(失重状态)、defy gravity(挑战地心引力)、the centre of gravity(重心)。抽象义常见于the gravity of the situation/the problem(局势/问题的严重性)、with great gravity(神情严肃地)。形容词gravitational adj.(引力的)→ gravitational pull(引力);动词gravitate v.(受吸引而移向)→ gravitate towards。辨析:gravity(自然科学中的重力,也指事态严重性)vs weight(物体所受重力的量,即重量)vs seriousness(普通用词,指严重、认真)。太空语篇中"在失重条件下"高频写作in zero gravity或in the absence of gravity。 【词根联想】 grav(拉丁语gravis"重的")+ -ity(名词后缀)→ 沉重的性质→ 重力;引申为事情之"沉重"→ 严重性。联想:grav/griev"重"→ grave(严肃的;坟墓)、gravity(重力;严重性)、aggravate(加重→使恶化)、grief(悲痛→心情沉重)、grieve(悲伤)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:gravity n. 严重性;严肃;庄重。熟义"重力"之外,gravity可指事态的严重程度或神情的庄重,如They failed to realize the gravity of the crisis(他们没有意识到这场危机的严重性)、He spoke with great gravity(他神情十分严肃地讲话)。此义在时事评论与人物描写类阅读中常见。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"In the near absence of gravity, a drop of water on the space station slowly turns into a shining ball."(在几乎没有重力的环境里,空间站上的一滴水会慢慢变成一颗闪亮的小球。)(经典原句·gravity 重力) 【搭配词块】 zero gravity 失重 / the force of gravity 重力 / the law of gravity 万有引力定律 / the gravity of the situation 局势的严重性 2. float /fləʊt/ vi./vt. 漂浮;飘动;漂流 n. 漂浮物;彩车 【核心考点】 float既可作不及物动词,也可作及物动词(使漂浮)。常用搭配float in the air(在空中飘浮)、float on the water(浮在水面上)、float down the river(顺流而下)、float past/away(飘过/飘走)、float a boat(使船浮起)。现在分词floating可作定语,如a floating microcomputer(漂浮的微型电脑)、floating hair(飘起的头发)。辨析:float(因密度小而浮在液体或空气中,强调状态)vs drift(随水流或气流缓慢移动,含无方向感)vs sink(下沉,反义词)vs hover(悬停在空中,多指鸟或直升机)。写太空生活的读后续写与说明文时,float是描写失重最自然的动词。 【词根联想】 源自古英语flotian"漂浮",与fleet(舰队;快速的)、flow(流动)同源,词首fl-常带"流动、飞动"的意象。联想:fl-"流/飞"→ flow(流动)、flood(洪水)、fly(飞)、flutter(飘动)、float(漂浮),一组词共享"轻盈移动"的画面感。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:float vt. 提出(想法、计划)以试探反应。熟义"漂浮"之外,float在商务与议论语境中表示把一个想法"抛出来看看反应",如She floated the idea of a school space club(她提出了办校园航天社团这个想法试探大家的反应)。此外float还可指公司"上市"。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The astronaut watched his pen float slowly past his shoulder and stop near the wall."(这位航天员看着自己的笔慢慢从肩旁飘过,停在舱壁附近。)(经典原句·float 漂浮) 【搭配词块】 float in the air 在空中漂浮 / float on water 浮在水面 / floating adj. 漂浮的 / float an idea 提出想法试探 3. absence /ˈæbsəns/ n. 缺席;不在;缺乏;不存在 【核心考点】 absence是写作与阅读双高频抽象名词,语法填空常考absent(adj.)→ absence(n.)的转换。核心短语in the absence of sth.(在缺少某物的情况下;由于没有…)、in one's absence(某人不在时)、in the absence of evidence(在缺乏证据的情况下)、absence from school/work(缺课/缺勤,介词用from)、a long absence(长期离开)。谚语Absence makes the heart grow fonder(小别胜新婚)。形容词absent adj.(缺席的;心不在焉的)→ be absent from;absent-minded(心不在焉的)。辨析:absence(不在场或缺乏,正式)vs lack(缺乏,多指数量不足,可作动词)vs shortage(短缺,指供不应求)。 【词根联想】 ab-(离开,away)+ ess/sent(拉丁语esse"存在,to be"的现在分词sens)→ 存在于别处→ 不在;缺席。联想:-sent/-sence"存在"→ present(在场的→在前面存在)、absent(缺席的→离开而存在)、essence(本质→存在的核心)、presence(出席)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:absence n. 缺乏;不存在。熟义"缺席"之外,absence常指某事物根本不存在,如the absence of gravity(失重)、in the absence of proof(在没有证据的情况下)。此义在科技说明文和议论文中出现频率极高,是替换lack of的高级表达。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"In the absence of weight, even drinking a cup of water becomes a difficult task for the crew."(在失重状态下,就连喝一杯水对乘组来说也成了一件难事。)(经典原句·absence 缺乏;不存在) 【搭配词块】 in the absence of 在缺少…的情况下 / in one's absence 某人不在时 / absent adj. 缺席的 / be absent from 缺席 4. mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n. 任务;使命;使团;代表团;天职 【核心考点】 mission是航天与社会话题的高频名词。常用搭配a space mission / a manned mission(太空任务/载人任务)、carry out / accomplish / complete a mission(执行/完成任务)、be on a mission(在执行任务)、a rescue mission(救援任务)、a trade mission(贸易代表团)、mission impossible(不可能完成的任务)。抽象义指人生使命,如one's mission in life(人生使命)、a sense of mission(使命感)。派生词missionary n.(传教士)adj.(传教的)。辨析:mission(有明确目的且常带庄严色彩的重大任务)vs task(具体的、通常较小的工作)vs duty(职责,强调义务)vs assignment(分配的作业或任务)。 【词根联想】 miss/mit(拉丁语mittere"送,派遣")+ -ion(名词后缀)→ 被派遣出去要做的事→ 任务;使命。联想:miss/mit"送"→ mission(任务)、missile(导弹→被发射出去之物)、transmit(传送)、admit(接纳→送进)、submit(提交→送到下面)、emit(发出)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:mission n. 使命;天职;人生目标。熟义"任务"之外,mission指一个人或机构存在的根本目的,如Our mission is to make science fun for children(我们的使命是让科学对孩子来说妙趣横生)、a strong sense of mission(强烈的使命感)。此义在演讲稿与申请信写作中极为实用。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Every space mission begins long before the rocket finally leaves the ground."(每一次太空任务,早在火箭真正离开地面之前很久就已经开始了。)(经典原句·mission 任务) 【搭配词块】 a space mission 太空任务 / carry out a mission 执行任务 / on a mission 执行任务中 / a sense of mission 使命感 5. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ vt. 评估;评价;估算(价值、数量) 【核心考点】 evaluate是学术与说明文的核心动词,语体正式,写作提分明显。常用搭配evaluate the risk/effect/results(评估风险/效果/结果)、evaluate a plan(评估方案)、evaluate sb.'s performance(评价某人的表现);后接宾语从句时常用evaluate how/whether/what结构,如evaluate how the body behaves(评估身体如何反应)。名词evaluation n.(评估;鉴定)→ a fair evaluation(客观评价)、make an evaluation of;re-evaluate v.(重新评价);evaluative adj.(评价性的)。辨析:evaluate(依据标准作出较正式的判断,多用于学术、工程语境)vs assess(评定,常涉及数量或等级)vs estimate(估计数量,含大致推算)vs judge(凭主观作判断)。 【词根联想】 e-(向外,ex-的变体)+ valu(拉丁语valere"有价值;强健")+ -ate(动词后缀)→ 把价值算出来→ 评估。联想:val"价值;强"→ value(价值)、valuable(有价值的)、valid(有效的)、evaluate(评估)、prevail(占上风→更有力量)、available(可获得的)。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Before every launch, engineers carefully evaluate how the human body will behave without weight."(每次发射之前,工程师都会仔细评估人体在失重状态下会有怎样的反应。)(经典原句·evaluate 评估) 【搭配词块】 evaluate the risk 评估风险 / evaluate how/whether 评估…如何 / evaluation n. 评估 / re-evaluate v. 重新评价 6. exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə(r)/ n. 暴露;接触;曝光;揭露;受到(危险等)影响 【核心考点】 exposure是科技、健康与传媒类语篇的高频名词,高考语法填空常考expose(v.)→ exposure(n.)的转换。核心搭配exposure to sth.(对…的接触/暴露,介词固定用to)、long exposure to radiation/sunlight(长时间接触辐射/阳光)、reduce/limit exposure(减少接触)、media exposure(媒体曝光度)、the exposure of a secret(秘密的揭露)。动词expose v.(使暴露;揭露)→ be exposed to(被暴露于…,被动结构是高考高频考点)、expose sb. to danger;形容词exposed adj.(无遮蔽的;暴露的)。辨析:exposure(被动地处于某种影响之下,可褒可贬)vs contact(接触,强调相互)vs experience(亲身体验)。 【词根联想】 ex-(向外,out)+ pos(拉丁语ponere"放置")+ -ure(名词后缀)→ 把东西放到外面→ 暴露;显露。联想:pos"放"→ pose(摆姿势→放置身体)、expose(暴露→向外放)、compose(组成→放到一起)、propose(提议→放到前面)、impose(强加)、deposit(存放)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:exposure n.(媒体的)曝光度;宣传。熟义"暴露"之外,exposure在传媒语境中指被公众看到的机会,如The young singer got a lot of media exposure(这位年轻歌手获得了大量媒体曝光)。此义常见于广告、传媒类阅读理解,属高考高频引申义。 【真题原句】 (2021·全国乙卷·阅读D·同根动词be exposed to被动)"They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels."(他们被随机分成四组,分别处于不同程度的背景噪音之中,从完全安静到50分贝、70分贝和85分贝。)(真题原句·exposure/expose 暴露;接触) 【搭配词块】 exposure to 对…的接触 / be exposed to 被暴露于 / long exposure 长时间接触 / media exposure 媒体曝光 7. visible /ˈvɪzəbl/ adj. 看得见的;可见的;明显的;引人注目的 【核心考点】 visible是说明文与科技类语篇的高频形容词。常用搭配be visible to the naked eye(肉眼可见)、clearly/barely visible(清晰可见/几乎看不见)、visible from a distance(远处可见)、a visible improvement(明显的改善)、highly visible(非常显眼的)。名词visibility n.(能见度;知名度;可见性)→ poor visibility(能见度差)、international visibility(国际知名度,2024年新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空考点);反义词invisible adj.(看不见的);副词visibly adv.(明显地)→ visibly moved(明显被感动)。辨析:visible(能被眼睛看到的,也指明显的)vs obvious(显而易见的,侧重易于理解)vs apparent(表面上的;显然的)vs noticeable(值得注意的,引人察觉的)。 【词根联想】 vis(拉丁语videre"看"的词根)+ -ible(形容词后缀,表"能被…的")→ 能被看到的→ 可见的。联想:vis/vid"看"→ vision(视力;眼光)、visual(视觉的)、visit(拜访→去看)、evidence(证据→看得见的)、supervise(监督→在上面看)、invisible(看不见的)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:visible adj. 明显的;显著的(指变化、效果)。熟义"看得见的"之外,visible可修饰抽象事物表示效果明显,如a visible change in his attitude(他态度上明显的转变)、visible progress(显著进步)。名词visibility还可表示"知名度",是高考语法填空的实考点。 【真题原句】 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空62题·visible转名词visibility)"Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers."(埃德蒙森说,这些文化元素提升了斯特拉特福的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过莎翁故居花园时,常常惊讶地发现两位伟大作家之间的关联。)(真题原句·visible/visibility 可见的;知名度) 【搭配词块】 be visible to 对…可见 / clearly visible 清晰可见 / visibility n. 能见度;知名度 / invisible adj. 看不见的 8. vital /ˈvaɪtl/ adj. 至关重要的;生死攸关的;生命的;充满活力的 【核心考点】 vital是议论文与说明文中替换important的高分形容词。核心结构play a vital role/part in(在…中起关键作用,高考真题原句结构)、be vital to/for sth.(对…至关重要)、of vital importance(极为重要,= vitally important)、It is vital that sb. (should) do sth.(虚拟语气,should可省,从句用动词原形,为高考语法高频考点)。副词vitally adv.(极其;至关重要地);名词vitality n.(活力;生命力)→ full of vitality。辨析:vital(缺之不可,语气最强,含"关乎存亡"意味)vs essential(必不可少的,强调构成要素)vs crucial(决定性的,强调转折关头)vs significant(意义重大的,强调影响)。用vital替换very important可立刻提升写作档次。 【词根联想】 vit(拉丁语vita"生命")+ -al(形容词后缀)→ 与生命有关的→ 生命攸关的→ 至关重要的。联想:vit/viv"生命"→ vital(至关重要的)、vitality(活力)、vitamin(维生素→维系生命之物)、survive(幸存→活下来)、revive(复活)、vivid(生动的→有生命力的)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:vital adj. 充满活力的;生气勃勃的。熟义"至关重要的"之外,vital可形容人精力充沛、有生命力,如a vital young teacher(一位充满活力的年轻教师)、a vital personality(富有生气的个性)。此义多见于人物描写类语篇,可与energetic互换。 【真题原句】 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·vital修饰role作定语)"Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys."(栖息地修复队的志愿者在恢复脆弱资源、保护山脊与山谷间的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。)(真题原句·vital 至关重要的) 【搭配词块】 play a vital role in 起关键作用 / be vital to/for 对…极重要 / of vital importance 极为重要 / vitality n. 活力 9. circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/ n.(常用复数)情况;环境;条件;境遇;经济状况 【核心考点】 circumstance在表示"情况、环境"时几乎总用复数circumstances,这是高考易错点。核心短语in/under the circumstances(在这种情况下)、in difficult circumstances(在困境中)、under no circumstances(决不;无论如何都不——置于句首时主句必须部分倒装,是高考倒装句高频考点)、depending on the circumstances(视情况而定)、economic circumstances(经济状况)。形容词circumstantial adj.(依情况而定的;间接的)→ circumstantial evidence(间接证据)。辨析:circumstances(围绕某事件的具体情况,多复数)vs situation(局势,指整体形势)vs condition(条件;状况,指物或人的状态)vs environment(自然或社会环境)。 【词根联想】 circum-(周围,around)+ st(拉丁语stare"站立")+ -ance(名词后缀)→ 站立在周围的东西→ 周遭的情形→ 情况;环境。联想:circum-"围绕"→ circle(圆圈)、circus(马戏团→圆形场地)、circulate(循环)、circumstance(环境);st"站"→ stand、stable、statue。 【真题原句】 (2021·北京卷·阅读D·circumstances复数表"环境状况")"Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming."(最近,我构想出一种新的计时方法,它与我们这颗星球上的环境状况相关联,而这些状况可能因全球变暖而改变。)(真题原句·circumstance 情况;环境) 【搭配词块】 in the circumstances 在这种情况下 / under no circumstances 决不(倒装)/ in difficult circumstances 在困境中 / economic circumstances 经济状况 10. permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 永久的;永恒的;长期的;固定的 【核心考点】 permanent是社会与科技话题的高频形容词。常用搭配a permanent base/settlement(永久基地/定居点)、a permanent job/position(固定工作/职位)、a permanent address(长期通信地址)、permanent damage(永久性损伤)、become permanent(变成永久性的)。副词permanently adv.(永久地)→ permanently closed;名词permanence n.(永久;持久性);反义词temporary adj.(暂时的)、impermanent adj.(非永久的)。辨析:permanent(长久不变的,与temporary相对)vs lasting(持久的,强调影响延续)vs eternal(永恒的,多用于抽象概念)vs constant(持续不断的,强调频率而非时长)。描写月球或火星基地时"永久性基地"固定写作a permanent base。 【词根联想】 per-(自始至终,through)+ man(拉丁语manere"停留")+ -ent(形容词后缀)→ 自始至终留下来的→ 永久的。联想:man/main"停留"→ remain(保持;剩余→留在后面)、mansion(宅邸→久居之所)、permanent(永久的)、immanent(内在的)。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Building a permanent base on the Moon is far harder than paying it a short visit."(在月球上建造一座永久性基地,远比对它进行一次短暂造访困难得多。)(经典原句·permanent 永久的) 【搭配词块】 a permanent base 永久基地 / a permanent job 固定工作 / permanently adv. 永久地 / 反义 temporary adj. 暂时的 11. constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ adj. 持续的;不断的;恒定的;忠诚的 n. 常数;常量 【核心考点】 constant在阅读与写作中出现频率极高。常用搭配constant changes/interruptions(不断的变化/打扰)、a constant record(持续的记录)、at a constant speed/temperature(以恒定速度/温度)、be under constant pressure(长期承压)、a constant reminder of(不断提醒人想起…的事物)。副词constantly adv.(不断地;总是)→ constantly changing;名词constancy n.(坚定;恒定)。辨析:constant(连续不断或恒定不变,可褒可贬)vs continuous(不间断的,中间无停顿)vs continual(反复发生的,中间有间隔)vs permanent(永久的,强调时长)。语法填空常考constant(adj.)↔ constantly(adv.)的词性转换,判断依据是所修饰成分。 【词根联想】 con-(一起,加强语气)+ st(拉丁语stare"站立")+ -ant(形容词后缀)→ 始终站在那里不动→ 恒定的;持续的。联想:st"站"→ stand(站立)、stable(稳定的)、station(车站)、constant(恒定的)、instant(瞬间→站在当下)、circumstance(环境)。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:constant adj. 忠诚的;始终如一的。熟义"不断的"之外,constant在书面语中可形容人忠贞不渝,如a constant friend(一位忠实的朋友);作名词时constant表示"常数、常量",如a physical constant(物理常量),此义在科技类说明文中常见。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"The computer keeps a constant record of the temperature and air quality inside the cabin."(这台计算机对舱内的温度与空气质量保持着持续不断的记录。)(经典原句·constant 持续的) 【搭配词块】 constant changes 不断变化 / a constant record 持续记录 / at a constant speed 匀速 / constantly adv. 不断地 12. calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/ vt. 计算;估算;推测;打算;指望 【核心考点】 calculate是科技类说明文的核心动词。常用搭配calculate the cost/distance/orbit(计算成本/距离/轨道)、calculate how/what/whether(后接宾语从句)、be calculated to do sth.(旨在做某事;意在产生某种效果)、calculate on sth.(指望;期待)。名词calculation n.(计算;估算)→ by my calculation(据我估算)、a rough calculation(粗略估算);calculator n.(计算器);形容词calculated adj.(蓄意的;经过算计的)→ a calculated risk(估算过的风险)。辨析:calculate(依据数据进行较精确的运算)vs count(点数,逐一数数)vs estimate(估计,凭经验大致推断)vs figure out(口语,弄清楚;算出)。 【词根联想】 calcul(拉丁语calculus"小石子",古人以石子计数)+ -ate(动词后缀)→ 用石子来数→ 计算。联想:calculus(微积分;结石,本义"小石子")→ calculate(计算)、calculator(计算器)、calculation(计算);同源意象还有chalk(白垩)与calcium(钙),皆源于"石灰石"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义:calculate vt. 打算;旨在(常用被动be calculated to do)。熟义"计算"之外,be calculated to do sth.表示"有意为之、旨在产生某效果",如The advertisement is calculated to attract young readers(这则广告意在吸引年轻读者)。此义在广告与传媒类阅读中常考。 【经典原句】 (经典原句)"Scientists must calculate every detail of the orbit before a rocket leaves the ground."(在火箭离开地面之前,科学家必须把轨道的每一个细节都计算清楚。)(经典原句·calculate 计算) 【搭配词块】 calculate the orbit 计算轨道 / calculation n. 计算 / be calculated to do 旨在做 / a rough calculation 粗略估算 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 gravity gravitational (adj.) gravitate (v.) grave (adj.) zero gravity / the law of gravity float floating (adj.) floated (v.) floats (v.) float in the air / float on water absence absent (adj.) absently (adv.) absentee (n.) in the absence of / be absent from mission missions (n.pl.) missionary (n.) --- a space mission / carry out a mission evaluate evaluation (n.) evaluator (n.) re-evaluate (v.) evaluate the risk / a fair evaluation exposure expose (v.) exposed (adj.) exposing (v.) exposure to / be exposed to visible visibility (n.) invisible (adj.) visibly (adv.) clearly visible / international visibility vital vitally (adv.) vitality (n.) --- play a vital role in / of vital importance circumstance circumstances (n.pl.) circumstantial (adj.) --- in the circumstances / under no circumstances permanent permanently (adv.) permanence (n.) impermanent (adj.) a permanent base / a permanent job constant constantly (adv.) constancy (n.) --- a constant record / at a constant speed calculate calculation (n.) calculator (n.) calculated (adj.) calculate the orbit / be calculated to do Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a ____________ (vitally) role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species. 2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空62题)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international ____________ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. 3.(2021北京卷·阅读D·改编)Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to ____________ (circumstantial) on our planet. 4.(2021全国乙卷·阅读D·改编)They were randomly divided into four groups and ____________ (exposure) to various noise levels in the background. 5.(2026山东济南·模拟)In the ____________ (absent) of gravity, even a simple meal becomes a small adventure for the crew. 6.(2026广东广州·模拟)The two astronauts were seen ____________ (float) slowly past the window of the space station. 7.(2026江苏南京·模拟)The ____________ (gravitational) on the Moon is only about one sixth of that on the Earth. 8.(2026浙江杭州·模拟)Over the past ten years China has successfully carried out a number of manned space ____________ (mission). 9.(2026四川成都·模拟)Our physics teacher asked us to ____________ (evaluation) the results of the experiment carefully. 10.(2026湖南长沙·模拟)Building a ____________ (permanently) base on the Moon remains a great challenge for engineers. 11.(2026河北石家庄·模拟)The computer keeps a ____________ (constantly) record of the temperature inside the module. 12.(2026福建福州·模拟)It took the team three whole days to ____________ (calculation) the exact orbit of the satellite. 13.(2026湖北武汉·模拟)Long ____________ (expose) to strong radiation may do great harm to the health of astronauts. 14.(2026安徽合肥·模拟)In the ____________ (circumstance), the launch had to be put off until the storm passed. 15.(2026江西南昌·模拟)Regular exercise is of ____________ (vitally) importance to anyone living in space for months. 【答案】 1. vital 2. visibility 3. circumstances 4. exposed 5. absence 6. floating 7. gravity 8. missions 9. evaluate 10. permanent 11. constant 12. calculate 13. exposure 14. circumstances 15. vital 【逐题解析】 1. vital — 提示词vitally(副词)需转形容词,修饰名词role,play a vital role。 2. visibility — 提示词visible(形容词)需转名词,作increased的宾语,意为"知名度"。 3. circumstances — 提示词circumstantial(形容词)需转名词复数,表"环境状况"。 4. exposed — 提示词exposure(名词)需转过去分词,与divided并列构成被动语态。 5. absence — 提示词absent(形容词)需转名词,固定短语in the absence of。 6. floating — 提示词float需转现在分词,be seen doing表"被看到正在做"。 7. gravity — 提示词gravitational(形容词)需转名词,前有定冠词the作主语。 8. missions — 提示词mission(单数)需转复数,a number of后接可数名词复数。 9. evaluate — 提示词evaluation(名词)需转动词原形,ask sb. to do结构。 10. permanent — 提示词permanently(副词)需转形容词,作定语修饰名词base。 11. constant — 提示词constantly(副词)需转形容词,修饰名词record作定语。 12. calculate — 提示词calculation(名词)需转动词原形,It took sb. time to do。 13. exposure — 提示词expose(动词)需转名词,受形容词Long修饰并作主语。 14. circumstances — 提示词circumstance需转复数,in the circumstances为固定短语。 15. vital — 提示词vitally(副词)需转形容词,of vital importance意为极其重要。 Part 6 知识点默写:根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 在空间站上几乎没有____________(重力),于是每一只杯子、每一支笔,甚至乘组成员本身,都会在空中____________(漂浮)起来。在重量____________(缺失;不存在)的状态下,一顿简单的饭也会变成一场小小的冒险。 每一次____________(任务)开始之前,地面上的工程师都会仔细____________(评估)每一项风险,从强辐射的____________(暴露;接触),到储物柜里存放的食物。 透过小小的舷窗,蓝色的地球清晰____________(可见的),那安静的景象提醒着乘组:他们的工作为什么如此____________(至关重要的)。在这样的____________(情形;环境)下,要在月球上建起____________(永久的)基地,仍然需要____________(持续不断的)试验,科学家必须在火箭离开地面之前____________(计算)好每一个细节。 【答案】 gravity; float; absence; mission; evaluate; exposure; visible; vital; circumstances; permanent; constant; calculate Part 7 关联阅读 When Lin Wei was fifteen, her class visited a space centre in Beijing. In a dark hall she watched a short film about the Chinese space station, and one picture stayed in her mind: a young woman in a blue suit, her hair standing straight up because there was almost no gravity around her. Objects seemed to float past her shoulder like slow silver fish. None of her classmates could explain what they had just seen, and Lin Wei decided that day that she wanted to understand that strange world. Ten years later she works as a junior engineer in a training centre, and her job is to evaluate how the human body behaves in the absence of weight. Every mission, she explains to visiting students, begins long before the rocket leaves the ground. Her team studies bone loss, sleep quality and the exposure of the crew to radiation from the sun. Some of these dangers are not visible at all, which is exactly why they have to be measured with great care. Lin Wei says that exercise is vital for anyone who stays in orbit for months, because muscles and bones grow weak surprisingly fast up there. In such circumstances two hours of daily training is not a personal choice but a strict rule. Her team also keeps a constant record of temperature, air and noise inside the training module, and every figure is later used to calculate how a real crew might feel after half a year above our heads. Her long-term dream is bigger than any single flight. She hopes to help design a permanent base on the Moon, where scientists could live and work for years rather than days. Yet what she enjoys most is still the moment when a visiting student asks her a question that she cannot answer at once. She keeps a small photograph of that first school visit on her desk, and she often tells the children the same thing: her own story began in a dark hall, in front of a floating pen. 1. What impressed Lin Wei most during her school visit at the age of fifteen? A. The huge size of the space centre in Beijing. B. A talk given by a famous Chinese astronaut. C. A scene of weightlessness shown in a short film. D. A full-size model of the Chinese space station. 2. What is a main part of Lin Wei's present work? A. Studying how the human body reacts to weightlessness. B. Training young astronauts for their first space walks. C. Designing lighter and safer suits for crew members. D. Repairing broken equipment inside the space station. 3. Why is two hours of daily exercise a strict rule in orbit? A. Because it helps the crew sleep better at night. B. Because it keeps the module at a fixed temperature. C. Because it cuts down the crew's exposure to radiation. D. Because muscles and bones grow weak very fast in space. 4. What does Lin Wei enjoy most about her job? A. Working on the design of a future base on the Moon. B. Being asked a question she cannot answer immediately. C. Recording data day after day in the training module. D. Meeting well-known scientists from other countries. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案:1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 第1题(细节理解题·高考核心):首段明确交代林薇十五岁时在黑暗的展厅里看了一部关于中国空间站的短片,"one picture stayed in her mind"——一位女航天员头发竖立,因为周围几乎没有gravity,物体像银鱼一样从她肩旁float而过,可见真正打动她的是短片中呈现的失重画面,故选C。A项展馆规模文中从未提及;B项航天员现场讲座属无中生有,文中只有影片;D项空间站实物模型同样未出现,属偷换概念。 第2题(细节理解题·高考高频):第二段首句是解题句,"her job is to evaluate how the human body behaves in the absence of weight",即她的工作是评估人体在失重状态下的反应,后文补充其团队研究骨质流失、睡眠质量以及乘组受到的辐射exposure,均围绕人体反应展开,A项与之完全对应。B项训练航天员出舱、C项设计航天服、D项维修设备,文中均无任何依据,属典型的臆造干扰项。 第3题(细节理解题·高考核心):第三段开门见山指出锻炼对在轨数月的人vital,紧接着给出原因"because muscles and bones grow weak surprisingly fast up there",正因肌肉与骨骼衰退极快,在这种circumstances下每天两小时训练才成为硬性规定,故选D。A项改善睡眠是第二段的研究项目之一,并非锻炼的原因;B项恒温记录由计算机完成;C项减少辐射暴露与锻炼无因果关系。 第4题(推理判断题·高考压轴):末段用Yet作转折,在提出建设月球permanent基地的远大理想之后笔锋一转:"what she enjoys most is still the moment when a visiting student asks her a question that she cannot answer at once",可见最令她享受的正是被学生问倒的瞬间,故选B。A项月球基地是dream而非enjoy most,被Yet明确排除;C项日复一日记录数据是工作内容;D项会见名家全文未提。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇:gravity, float, absence, mission, evaluate, exposure, visible, vital, circumstance, permanent, constant, calculate Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义: 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1. gravity — ____________ 2. float — ____________ 3. absence — ____________ 4. mission — ____________ 5. evaluate — ____________ 6. exposure — ____________ 7. visible — ____________ 8. vital — ____________ 9. circumstance — ____________ 10. permanent — ____________ 11. constant — ____________ 12. calculate — ____________ 13. visibility — ____________ 14. vitality — ____________ 15. evaluation — ____________ 16. permanently — ____________ 17. calculation — ____________ 18. constantly — ____________ 19. in the absence of — ____________ 20. under no circumstances — ____________ 【参考答案】 1. 重力;引力;严重性 2. 漂浮;飘动;漂流 3. 缺席;缺乏;不存在 4. 任务;使命;使团 5. 评估;评价;估算 6. 暴露;接触;曝光 7. 看得见的;明显的 8. 至关重要的;充满活力的 9. 情况;环境;境遇 10. 永久的;长期的 11. 持续的;恒定的;忠诚的 12. 计算;估算;打算 13. 能见度;知名度(名词) 14. 活力;生命力(名词) 15. 评估;鉴定(名词) 16. 永久地(副词) 17. 计算;估算(名词) 18. 不断地;总是(副词) 19. 在缺少…的情况下(短语) 20. 决不;无论如何都不(短语,置句首倒装) Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换:用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词,提升写作表达: 1. There is almost no earth pull on the space station, so everything moves freely. → There is almost no ____________ on the space station, so everything moves freely. 2. A pen can stay in the air and move slowly past the shoulder of an astronaut. → A pen can ____________ slowly past the shoulder of an astronaut. 3. Without weight, even a simple meal becomes a small adventure for the crew members. → In the ____________ of weight, even a simple meal becomes a small adventure. 4. The team completed a very important task in space in less than seven days. → The team completed a very important space ____________ in less than seven days. 5. Engineers must carefully judge the value of every plan before the launch begins. → Engineers must carefully ____________ every plan before the launch begins. 6. Being in strong sunlight for a long time may do harm to the health of astronauts. → Long ____________ to strong sunlight may do harm to the health of astronauts. 7. From the small window of the station, the blue Earth can be clearly seen. → From the small window of the station, the blue Earth is clearly ____________. 8. Daily exercise is extremely important for anyone who stays in orbit for months. → Daily exercise is ____________ for anyone who stays in orbit for months. 9. In this kind of situation, the launch had to be put off for another two days. → In these ____________, the launch had to be put off for another two days. 10. Scientists hope to build a base on the Moon that will last for ever. → Scientists hope to build a ____________ base on the Moon. 11. The computer keeps a never-stopping record of the air quality inside the module. → The computer keeps a ____________ record of the air quality inside the module. 12. The team had to work out the exact orbit of the satellite before the launch. → The team had to ____________ the exact orbit of the satellite before the launch. 【答案】 1. gravity 2. float 3. absence 4. mission 5. evaluate 6. exposure 7. visible 8. vital 9. circumstances 10. permanent 11. constant 12. calculate Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示,尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链: 记忆链:gravity → float → absence → mission → evaluate → exposure → visible → vital → circumstance → permanent → constant → calculate 复述模板(填空): 在空间站上几乎没有____________(重力),杯子、笔甚至乘组成员都会在空中____________(漂浮)起来。 在重量____________(缺失)的状态下,每一次____________(任务)之前,工程师都会仔细____________(评估)风险,包括强辐射的____________(暴露)。 透过舷窗,蓝色地球清晰____________(可见的),这提醒着乘组:他们的工作为何如此____________(至关重要的)。 在这样的____________(情形)下,要建起____________(永久的)月球基地,仍需要____________(持续不断的)试验,科学家必须提前____________(计算)好每一个细节。 你的复述: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案:gravity; float; absence; mission; evaluate; exposure; visible; vital; circumstances; permanent; constant; calculate 复述模板参考版本: On the space station there is almost no gravity, so cups, pens and even the crew members float in the air. In the absence of weight, a simple meal becomes a small adventure. Before each mission, the engineers on the ground carefully evaluate every risk, including the exposure of the crew to strong radiation. Through the small window the blue Earth is clearly visible, and that quiet view reminds the crew why their work is so vital. In these circumstances, two hours of exercise a day is a strict rule rather than a free choice. Building a permanent base on the Moon still needs constant tests, and scientists must calculate every detail before a rocket leaves the ground. $

资源预览图

专题02 Unit 2 Out of this world-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语译林版选修第三册
1
专题02 Unit 2 Out of this world-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语译林版选修第三册
2
专题02 Unit 2 Out of this world-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语译林版选修第三册
3
所属专辑
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。