第14卷 阅读理解（说明文）-2027版】山西省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文语篇，通过5个贴近生活与社会热点的主题（睡眠健康等），系统训练细节理解、逻辑推理和主旨概括能力，提升语言理解与思维分析素养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |说明文阅读|5篇25题|细节理解（如数据/事实提取）、逻辑推理（如原因/影响推断）、主旨概括（如段落/全文大意）|围绕主题的现象-原因-影响-措施的说明文结构，形成信息提取与逻辑分析的训练链条|

编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和历年真题编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为阅读理解专项训练之说明文，通过睡眠健康、塑料污染、运动益处、手机影响和水资源保护五篇说明文语篇，训练学生在信息类文本中的细节理解、逻辑推理和主旨概括能力。全卷共5篇短文25小题，每小题4分，满分100分。 【2027版】山西省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第14卷 阅读理解（说明文） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 阅读理解（本大题共25小题，每小题4分，满分100分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Passage A Sleep is one of the most important activities for human health, yet many people do not get enough of it. According to research, adults need between seven and nine hours of sleep every night. Teenagers need even more — about eight to ten hours — because their bodies and brains are still developing. During sleep, our bodies do important repair work. Muscles that were used during the day get a chance to recover. The brain also uses this time to organize memories and remove waste products that build up while we are awake. This is why people who do not sleep well often have trouble remembering things and making decisions. Lack of sleep can lead to serious health problems. Studies have shown that people who regularly sleep less than six hours a night have a higher risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and weight gain. Sleep also affects our immune system, which means people who do not sleep enough get sick more easily. Technology has made the problem worse. The blue light from phone and computer screens tricks the brain into thinking it is still daytime, making it harder to fall asleep. Experts suggest turning off electronic devices at least one hour before going to bed. Reading a book, listening to soft music, or taking a warm bath are much better ways to prepare for sleep. Good sleep habits can greatly improve the quality of life. Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, keeping the bedroom cool and dark, and avoiding large meals before bedtime are all simple but effective ways to sleep better. A good night's sleep is not a luxury — it is a necessity for a healthy life. 1. How many hours of sleep do teenagers need according to the passage? A. About eight to ten hours. B. About six to seven hours. C. About ten to twelve hours. D. About five to six hours. 2. What does the brain do during sleep? A. It stops all activity and rests completely. B. It organizes memories and removes waste products. C. It produces more energy for the next day. D. It sends signals to exercise the muscles. 3. According to the last paragraph, which is a good sleep habit? A. Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day. B. Eating a large meal right before bedtime. C. Using a phone to relax before sleep. D. Keeping the bedroom bright and warm. 4. What health problems can lack of sleep lead to? A. Better memory and faster learning. B. Lower body temperature. C. Higher risk of heart disease and weight gain. D. Increased height in teenagers. 5. Why does blue light from screens make it hard to fall asleep? A. It damages the eyes permanently. B. It produces harmful radiation. C. It increases body temperature suddenly. D. It tricks the brain into thinking it is daytime. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了睡眠对人体健康的重要性、睡眠不足的危害以及改善睡眠质量的有效方法。 【解析】 1. 考查细节理解。根据第一段"Teenagers need even more — about eight to ten hours（青少年需要更多——大约八到十个小时。）"可知青少年的睡眠需求。B选项意为六到七小时，数字偏少；C选项意为十到十二小时，超出原文范围；D选项意为五到六小时，远低于所需。原文明确说青少年需要八至十小时。故选A。 2. 考查细节理解。根据第二段"The brain also uses this time to organize memories and remove waste products（大脑也利用这段时间整理记忆并清除废物。）"可知睡眠中大脑的活动。A选项意为完全停止活动，与原文相悖；C选项意为产生更多能量，未提及；D选项意为发送信号锻炼肌肉，未提及。故选B。 3. 考查细节理解。根据末段"Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day（每天同一时间上床和起床……）"是良好睡眠习惯之一。B选项意为睡前吃大餐，与"avoiding large meals before bedtime"相悖；C选项意为睡前用手机，与"turn off electronic devices"相悖；D选项意为保持卧室明亮温暖，与"cool and dark"相悖。故选A。 4. 考查细节理解。根据第三段"a higher risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and weight gain（心脏病、高血压和体重增加的风险更高。）"可知睡眠不足的危害。A选项意为更好的记忆和更快的学习，与原文"记不住东西"相悖；B选项意为体温降低，未提及；D选项意为青少年身高增加，未提及。故选C。 5. 考查细节理解。根据第四段"The blue light from phone and computer screens tricks the brain into thinking it is still daytime（手机和电脑屏幕的蓝光会欺骗大脑以为还是白天。）"可知蓝光影响睡眠的原因。A选项意为永久损伤眼睛，文中未说"永久"；D选项意为使大脑误以为还是白天，是原文所述；C选项意为突然升高体温，未提及；B选项无法解释失眠原因。故选D。 Passage B Plastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems facing our planet. Every year, more than eight million tons of plastic waste end up in the oceans. This is equal to dumping a truckload of plastic into the sea every minute. By 2050, scientists predict there could be more plastic in the ocean than fish. Plastic is everywhere in our daily lives. It is used to make water bottles, shopping bags, food containers, and countless other products. The problem is that plastic takes hundreds of years to break down. Most of the plastic ever produced still exists somewhere on Earth, either in landfills or floating in the ocean. Marine animals are the most direct victims of plastic pollution. Sea turtles often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish and eat them, which can cause them to die. Birds and fish get caught in plastic rings and nets. Scientists have found tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, in seafood that humans eat. This means that plastic pollution is now affecting our own health as well. Fortunately, more and more countries are taking action to reduce plastic waste. Many have banned single-use plastic bags and straws. Companies are developing new materials that can break down naturally. Individuals can also help by using reusable bags, water bottles, and food containers. Small changes in daily habits can make a big difference. Reducing plastic pollution requires effort from everyone. Governments need to make stricter laws, businesses need to develop greener products, and every person needs to think about how much plastic they use. The problem is huge, but the solutions start with simple actions that anyone can take. 6. How much plastic waste enters the oceans every year according to the passage? A. More than one million tons. B. More than eight million tons. C. More than fifty million tons. D. More than one hundred million tons. 7. Why does plastic pose such a serious environmental problem? A. It is too expensive to produce on a large scale. B. It cannot be used for more than one purpose. C. It takes hundreds of years to break down naturally. D. It releases poisonous gas when heated. 8. What does the last paragraph suggest about solving plastic pollution? A. Only scientists can solve this problem. B. It requires effort from governments, businesses and individuals. C. Plastic pollution will solve itself over time. D. Developing countries should bear all the responsibility. 9. How does plastic pollution affect human health? A. It causes immediate skin diseases. B. People cannot drink water because of plastic pipes. C. Plastic dust in the air causes breathing problems. D. Microplastics have been found in seafood that people eat. 10. What are some countries doing to reduce plastic waste? A. They have banned single-use plastic bags and straws. B. They are banning all food products in plastic packaging. C. They are forcing companies to use only glass containers. D. They have stopped producing any new plastic products. 【答案】6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料污染的严重程度、对海洋生物和人类健康的影响，以及各界为减少塑料污染所做的努力。 【解析】 6. 考查细节理解。根据第一段"more than eight million tons of plastic waste end up in the oceans every year（每年有超过八百万吨塑料垃圾流入海洋。）"可知年度塑料垃圾入海量。A选项意为一百万吨，远少于实际数据；C选项意为五千万吨，夸大；D选项意为一亿吨，夸大。故选B。 7. 考查细节理解。根据第二段"plastic takes hundreds of years to break down（塑料需要数百年才能分解。）"可知塑料问题的根源在于难降解。A选项意为生产成本高，未提及；B选项意为只能单次使用，未提及；C选项正确表达了问题的核心；D选项意为加热释放毒气，未提及。故选C。 8. 考查主旨概括。根据末段"Governments need to make stricter laws, businesses need to develop greener products, and every person needs to think（政府需制定更严格法律，企业需开发更环保产品，每个人都需要思考。）"可知需要多方共同努力。A选项意为只有科学家能解决，过于片面；C选项意为会自行解决，与原文相悖；D选项意为发展中国家应承担全部责任，文中未表达。故选B。 9. 考查细节理解。根据第三段"Scientists have found tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, in seafood that humans eat（科学家在人类食用的海鲜中发现了微塑料。）"可知塑料污染已影响人类健康。A选项意为导致皮肤病，未提及；C选项意为空气中塑料粉尘导致呼吸问题，未提及；B选项意为塑料水管导致无法饮水，未提及。故选D。 10. 考查细节理解。根据第四段"Many have banned single-use plastic bags and straws（许多国家已禁用一次性塑料袋和吸管。）"可知各国的措施。B选项意为禁用所有塑料包装食物，过于绝对；C选项意为只用玻璃容器，未提及；D选项意为停止生产所有新塑料，过于绝对。故选A。 Passage C Regular physical exercise is essential for maintaining good health, yet modern lifestyles have made many people far too inactive. Office workers spend most of their day sitting, and even students are spending more time in front of screens and less time playing outdoors. Exercise benefits the body in many ways. It strengthens the heart and lungs, improves blood circulation, and helps control body weight. Regular physical activity also reduces the risk of diseases such as diabetes and certain types of cancer. For young people, exercise is especially important because it helps build strong bones and muscles during the growing years. The benefits of exercise go beyond physical health. When we exercise, the brain releases chemicals called endorphins, which make us feel happy and relaxed. This is why people often feel less stressed and more energetic after a good workout. Studies have also shown that students who exercise regularly tend to perform better in school because exercise improves concentration and memory. You do not need to spend hours at the gym to stay healthy. The World Health Organization recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week for adults and 60 minutes per day for children and teenagers. Activities such as walking quickly, riding a bicycle, dancing, or swimming all count as good forms of exercise. Starting an exercise habit can be challenging, but the key is to find activities you enjoy. If you like being outdoors, try jogging in a park. If you prefer indoor activities, follow an online dance or yoga class. The most important thing is to keep moving. Your body and mind will thank you for it. 11. According to the passage, what is one of the problems with modern lifestyles? A. People exercise too much and get injured. B. Modern food contains too much nutrition. C. Many people are far too inactive. D. Technology has made physical work too easy. 12. What chemicals does the brain release during exercise? A. Adrenaline that increases heart rate. B. Melatonin that helps with sleep. C. Insulin that controls blood sugar. D. Endorphins that make us feel happy and relaxed. 13. What is the most important thing about starting an exercise habit according to the passage? A. Joining an expensive fitness club. B. Hiring a personal trainer. C. Finding activities you enjoy doing. D. Exercising for at least two hours daily. 14. How much exercise does the WHO recommend for children per day? A.At least 60 minutes of moderate exercise. B. At least 30 minutes of moderate exercise. C. At least 90 minutes of vigorous exercise. D. At least 120 minutes of any exercise. 15. Why do students who exercise regularly often perform better in school? A. They have more friends to study with. B. Exercise improves concentration and memory. C. Teachers give them higher grades automatically. D. They spend more time in the library. 【答案】11. C 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了运动对身体和心理健康的双重益处，并提供了实用建议帮助人们开始养成运动习惯。 【解析】 11. 考查细节理解。根据第一段"modern lifestyles have made many people far too inactive（现代生活方式使许多人过于缺乏运动。）"可知现代生活的问题。A选项意为运动过度受伤，与原文相反；B选项意为食物营养过多，未提及；D选项意为科技使体力劳动太轻松，未提及。故选C。 12. 考查细节理解。根据第三段"the brain releases chemicals called endorphins, which make us feel happy and relaxed（大脑释放一种叫内啡肽的化学物质，让我们感到快乐和放松。）"可知运动中的大脑化学反应。A选项意为肾上腺素，未提及；B选项意为褪黑素，未提及；C选项意为胰岛素，未提及。故选D。 13. 考查细节理解。根据末段"the key is to find activities you enjoy（关键是找到你喜欢的活动。）"可知养成运动习惯的秘诀。A选项意为加入昂贵健身俱乐部，文中未建议；B选项意为雇私人教练，未建议；D选项意为每天至少运动两小时，过于极端。故选C。 14. 考查细节理解。根据第四段"60 minutes per day for children and teenagers（儿童和青少年每天应运动60分钟。）"可知世卫组织建议的运动量。B选项意为30分钟，少于建议量；C选项意为90分钟剧烈运动，不符；D选项意为120分钟，超出建议量。故选A。 15. 考查细节理解。根据第三段"exercise improves concentration and memory（运动能提高注意力和记忆力。）"可知运动与学习表现的关系。A选项意为有更多朋友一起学习，未提及；C选项意为老师自动给高分，无关；D选项意为在图书馆待更久，不符。故选B。 Passage D Smartphones have changed the way we live, work, and communicate. In just over a decade, these small devices have become an essential part of daily life for billions of people around the world. While they bring many advantages, they also come with serious problems that we need to pay attention to. On the positive side, smartphones make communication faster and easier than ever before. We can video chat with family members on the other side of the world, share important moments instantly, and get information on any topic within seconds. Smartphones have also made education more accessible, with millions of people learning new skills through educational apps and online courses. However, excessive smartphone use has negative effects on both physical and mental health. Looking down at a phone for long periods can cause neck and back problems, a condition some doctors now call "text neck." The blue light from screens can interfere with sleep patterns, making it harder to fall asleep at night. Mentally, spending too much time on social media can lead to feelings of anxiety and loneliness. Smartphone addiction has become a growing concern, especially among young people. Many teenagers check their phones over a hundred times a day and feel anxious when separated from their devices. This addiction can reduce face-to-face social skills and cut into time that should be spent on study, exercise, or sleep. To use smartphones in a healthy way, experts suggest setting limits. Turn off unnecessary notifications, set aside phone-free time each day, and make a conscious effort to spend more time in the real world with real people. Smartphones are powerful tools, but like any tool, they work best when we control them rather than letting them control us. 16. What positive aspect of smartphones is mentioned in the passage? A. They have made books completely unnecessary. B. They allow people to work 24 hours a day. C. They make communication faster and more convenient. D. They have replaced all other forms of technology. 17. What physical problem can excessive phone use cause? A. Neck and back problems from looking down for too long. B. Permanent damage to the eyes that cannot be treated. C. Fingers becoming shorter from constant typing. D. Ears losing the ability to hear normally. 18. What do experts suggest for healthy smartphone use? A. Delete all social media apps immediately. B. Buy a more expensive phone with better features. C. Use smartphones only for work purposes. D. Set limits and spend more time in the real world. 19. How do many teenagers feel when separated from their phones? A. They feel relieved and free. B. They feel anxious and uncomfortable. C. They feel more creative and productive. D. They feel angry at their parents. 20. What is the condition called "text neck"? A. A neck problem caused by texting too fast. B. A neck problem caused by looking down at phones for long periods. C. A neck problem caused by carrying heavy phones. D. A neck problem caused by sleeping with phones. 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，分析了智能手机给生活带来的利与弊，并提出了健康使用手机的建议。 【解析】 16. 考查细节理解。根据第二段"smartphones make communication faster and easier than ever before（智能手机使沟通比以往任何时候都更快、更容易。）"可知手机的正面作用。A选项意为使书籍完全不需要，未提及且过于绝对；B选项意为让人24小时工作，未提及；C选项正确表达了手机的优点；D选项意为取代所有其他技术，过于绝对。故选C。 17. 考查细节理解。根据第三段"Looking down at a phone for long periods can cause neck and back problems（长时间低头看手机会导致颈部和背部问题。）"可知手机过度的身体影响。B选项意为不可治愈的眼损伤，文中说影响睡眠而非不可治愈；C选项意为手指变短，未提及；D选项意为失去听力，未提及。故选A。 18. 考查细节理解。根据末段"setting limits...spend more time in the real world with real people（设定限制……花更多时间在现实世界中与真实的人相处。）"可知专家建议。A选项意为删除所有社交媒体，过于极端；D选项正确表达了专家建议；C选项意为只用手机办公，未提及；B选项意为买更贵的手机，未提及。故选D。 19. 考查细节理解。根据第四段"feel anxious when separated from their devices（与手机分开时会感到焦虑。）"可知青少年离开手机的反应。A选项意为感到放松自由，与原文相反；C选项意为更有创造力和效率，与原文相反；D选项意为对父母生气，未提及。故选B。 20. 考查细节理解。根据第三段"Looking down at a phone for long periods can cause neck and back problems, a condition some doctors now call "text neck."（长时间低头看手机导致颈部和背部问题，医生称之为"短信颈"。）"可知该症状的定义。A选项意为发短信太快导致的，不符；B选项为正确描述；C选项意为携带重手机导致的，不符；D选项意为带手机睡觉导致的，不符。故选B。 Passage E Water covers about seventy percent of the Earth's surface, but only a tiny part of it is fresh water that humans can use. In fact, less than one percent of all water on Earth is available for drinking, farming, and industry. This makes fresh water one of the most valuable resources on our planet. Many people take water for granted, especially in developed countries where clean water flows from every tap. However, the reality is that over two billion people around the world lack access to safe drinking water. In some African countries, women and children walk several miles every day just to collect water for their families, and the water they collect is not always clean. The demand for water is growing rapidly. As the world's population increases, more water is needed for growing food, producing goods, and supplying growing cities. At the same time, climate change is making water shortages worse in many regions. Longer and more severe droughts are drying up rivers and lakes that communities depend on. Saving water is something everyone can help with. Simple actions like turning off the tap while brushing teeth, fixing leaky pipes, and taking shorter showers can save thousands of liters of water per year. In agriculture, which uses about seventy percent of the world's fresh water, more efficient watering methods can greatly reduce waste. Protecting our water resources also means keeping water clean. Factories must treat their waste before releasing it into rivers. Farmers need to use fewer chemicals that wash into water sources. And ordinary people should avoid throwing trash into rivers and lakes. Every drop of water is precious, and it will take a global effort to make sure there is enough clean water for future generations. 21. What percentage of all water on Earth is available for human use? A. Less than one percent. B. About ten percent. C. About thirty percent. D. About seventy percent. 22. How many people in the world lack access to safe drinking water? A. About five hundred million. B. About one billion. C. Over two billion. D. Nearly four billion. 23. What factors are increasing the demand for water? A.New water sports and recreation activities. B. Population growth and climate change. C. The development of artificial intelligence. D. The increasing popularity of bottled water. 24. What does the passage suggest about agriculture and water use? A. Agriculture uses very little water compared to industry. B. Only organic farming can save water resources. C. Farming should completely stop using water. D. More efficient watering methods can reduce waste. 25. What is the main message of the passage? A. Every drop of water is precious and needs to be protected. B. Water will never run out on our planet. C. Water problems only exist in African countries. D. Technology will soon solve all water problems. 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全球淡水资源短缺的现状、原因以及节约和保护水资源的必要措施。 【解析】 21. 考查细节理解。根据第一段"less than one percent of all water on Earth is available for drinking, farming, and industry（地球上不到百分之一的水可用于饮用、农业和工业。）"可知可用淡水比例。B选项意为百分之十，远大于实际；C选项意为百分之三十，远大于实际；D选项意为百分之七十，那是地表水覆盖比例而非可用淡水比例。故选A。 22. 考查细节理解。根据第二段"over two billion people around the world lack access to safe drinking water（全球超过二十亿人缺乏安全饮用水。）"可知缺水人口数量。A选项意为五亿，远少于实际；B选项意为十亿，少于实际；D选项意为近四十亿，多于实际。故选C。 23. 考查细节理解。根据第三段"As the world's population increases...climate change is making water shortages worse（随着世界人口增长……气候变化使水资源短缺更加严重。）"可知水位需求增长的两大因素。B选项正确表达了两个因素；A选项意为新水上运动，未提及；C选项意为人工智能发展，未提及；D选项意为瓶装水流行度，未提及。故选B。 24. 考查细节理解。根据第四段"more efficient watering methods can greatly reduce waste（更高效的灌溉方法可以大大减少浪费。）"可知农业节水的建议。A选项意为农业用水很少，与"70%"相悖；D选项正确表达了节水方法；C选项意为完全停止农业用水，不现实；B选项意为只有有机农业能节水，过于绝对。故选D。 25. 考查主旨概括。根据末段"Every drop of water is precious（每一滴水都很宝贵。）"和全文一致强调水资源珍贵及保护的必要性。B选项意为水资源永不枯竭，与全文相悖；C选项意为只有非洲有水资源问题，过于片面；D选项意为科技很快解决一切问题，未提及。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和历年真题编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为阅读理解专项训练之说明文，通过睡眠健康、塑料污染、运动益处、手机影响和水资源保护五篇说明文语篇，训练学生在信息类文本中的细节理解、逻辑推理和主旨概括能力。全卷共5篇短文25小题，每小题4分，满分100分。 【2027版】山西省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第14卷 阅读理解（说明文） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 阅读理解（本大题共25小题，每小题4分，满分100分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Passage A Sleep is one of the most important activities for human health, yet many people do not get enough of it. According to research, adults need between seven and nine hours of sleep every night. Teenagers need even more — about eight to ten hours — because their bodies and brains are still developing. During sleep, our bodies do important repair work. Muscles that were used during the day get a chance to recover. The brain also uses this time to organize memories and remove waste products that build up while we are awake. This is why people who do not sleep well often have trouble remembering things and making decisions. Lack of sleep can lead to serious health problems. Studies have shown that people who regularly sleep less than six hours a night have a higher risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and weight gain. Sleep also affects our immune system, which means people who do not sleep enough get sick more easily. Technology has made the problem worse. The blue light from phone and computer screens tricks the brain into thinking it is still daytime, making it harder to fall asleep. Experts suggest turning off electronic devices at least one hour before going to bed. Reading a book, listening to soft music, or taking a warm bath are much better ways to prepare for sleep. Good sleep habits can greatly improve the quality of life. Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, keeping the bedroom cool and dark, and avoiding large meals before bedtime are all simple but effective ways to sleep better. A good night's sleep is not a luxury — it is a necessity for a healthy life. 1. How many hours of sleep do teenagers need according to the passage? A. About eight to ten hours. B. About six to seven hours. C. About ten to twelve hours. D. About five to six hours. 2. What does the brain do during sleep? A. It stops all activity and rests completely. B. It organizes memories and removes waste products. C. It produces more energy for the next day. D. It sends signals to exercise the muscles. 3. According to the last paragraph, which is a good sleep habit? A. Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day. B. Eating a large meal right before bedtime. C. Using a phone to relax before sleep. D. Keeping the bedroom bright and warm. 4. What health problems can lack of sleep lead to? A. Better memory and faster learning. B. Lower body temperature. C. Higher risk of heart disease and weight gain. D. Increased height in teenagers. 5. Why does blue light from screens make it hard to fall asleep? A. It damages the eyes permanently. B. It produces harmful radiation. C. It increases body temperature suddenly. D. It tricks the brain into thinking it is daytime. Passage B Plastic pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems facing our planet. Every year, more than eight million tons of plastic waste end up in the oceans. This is equal to dumping a truckload of plastic into the sea every minute. By 2050, scientists predict there could be more plastic in the ocean than fish. Plastic is everywhere in our daily lives. It is used to make water bottles, shopping bags, food containers, and countless other products. The problem is that plastic takes hundreds of years to break down. Most of the plastic ever produced still exists somewhere on Earth, either in landfills or floating in the ocean. Marine animals are the most direct victims of plastic pollution. Sea turtles often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish and eat them, which can cause them to die. Birds and fish get caught in plastic rings and nets. Scientists have found tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, in seafood that humans eat. This means that plastic pollution is now affecting our own health as well. Fortunately, more and more countries are taking action to reduce plastic waste. Many have banned single-use plastic bags and straws. Companies are developing new materials that can break down naturally. Individuals can also help by using reusable bags, water bottles, and food containers. Small changes in daily habits can make a big difference. Reducing plastic pollution requires effort from everyone. Governments need to make stricter laws, businesses need to develop greener products, and every person needs to think about how much plastic they use. The problem is huge, but the solutions start with simple actions that anyone can take. 6. How much plastic waste enters the oceans every year according to the passage? A. More than one million tons. B. More than eight million tons. C. More than fifty million tons. D. More than one hundred million tons. 7. Why does plastic pose such a serious environmental problem? A. It is too expensive to produce on a large scale. B. It cannot be used for more than one purpose. C. It takes hundreds of years to break down naturally. D. It releases poisonous gas when heated. 8. What does the last paragraph suggest about solving plastic pollution? A. Only scientists can solve this problem. B. It requires effort from governments, businesses and individuals. C. Plastic pollution will solve itself over time. D. Developing countries should bear all the responsibility. 9. How does plastic pollution affect human health? A. It causes immediate skin diseases. B. People cannot drink water because of plastic pipes. C. Plastic dust in the air causes breathing problems. D. Microplastics have been found in seafood that people eat. 10. What are some countries doing to reduce plastic waste? A. They have banned single-use plastic bags and straws. B. They are banning all food products in plastic packaging. C. They are forcing companies to use only glass containers. D. They have stopped producing any new plastic products. Passage C Regular physical exercise is essential for maintaining good health, yet modern lifestyles have made many people far too inactive. Office workers spend most of their day sitting, and even students are spending more time in front of screens and less time playing outdoors. Exercise benefits the body in many ways. It strengthens the heart and lungs, improves blood circulation, and helps control body weight. Regular physical activity also reduces the risk of diseases such as diabetes and certain types of cancer. For young people, exercise is especially important because it helps build strong bones and muscles during the growing years. The benefits of exercise go beyond physical health. When we exercise, the brain releases chemicals called endorphins, which make us feel happy and relaxed. This is why people often feel less stressed and more energetic after a good workout. Studies have also shown that students who exercise regularly tend to perform better in school because exercise improves concentration and memory. You do not need to spend hours at the gym to stay healthy. The World Health Organization recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week for adults and 60 minutes per day for children and teenagers. Activities such as walking quickly, riding a bicycle, dancing, or swimming all count as good forms of exercise. Starting an exercise habit can be challenging, but the key is to find activities you enjoy. If you like being outdoors, try jogging in a park. If you prefer indoor activities, follow an online dance or yoga class. The most important thing is to keep moving. Your body and mind will thank you for it. 11. According to the passage, what is one of the problems with modern lifestyles? A. People exercise too much and get injured. B. Modern food contains too much nutrition. C. Many people are far too inactive. D. Technology has made physical work too easy. 12. What chemicals does the brain release during exercise? A. Adrenaline that increases heart rate. B. Melatonin that helps with sleep. C. Insulin that controls blood sugar. D. Endorphins that make us feel happy and relaxed. 13. What is the most important thing about starting an exercise habit according to the passage? A. Joining an expensive fitness club. B. Hiring a personal trainer. C. Finding activities you enjoy doing. D. Exercising for at least two hours daily. 14. How much exercise does the WHO recommend for children per day? A.At least 60 minutes of moderate exercise. B. At least 30 minutes of moderate exercise. C. At least 90 minutes of vigorous exercise. D. At least 120 minutes of any exercise. 15. Why do students who exercise regularly often perform better in school? A. They have more friends to study with. B. Exercise improves concentration and memory. C. Teachers give them higher grades automatically. D. They spend more time in the library. Passage D Smartphones have changed the way we live, work, and communicate. In just over a decade, these small devices have become an essential part of daily life for billions of people around the world. While they bring many advantages, they also come with serious problems that we need to pay attention to. On the positive side, smartphones make communication faster and easier than ever before. We can video chat with family members on the other side of the world, share important moments instantly, and get information on any topic within seconds. Smartphones have also made education more accessible, with millions of people learning new skills through educational apps and online courses. However, excessive smartphone use has negative effects on both physical and mental health. Looking down at a phone for long periods can cause neck and back problems, a condition some doctors now call "text neck." The blue light from screens can interfere with sleep patterns, making it harder to fall asleep at night. Mentally, spending too much time on social media can lead to feelings of anxiety and loneliness. Smartphone addiction has become a growing concern, especially among young people. Many teenagers check their phones over a hundred times a day and feel anxious when separated from their devices. This addiction can reduce face-to-face social skills and cut into time that should be spent on study, exercise, or sleep. To use smartphones in a healthy way, experts suggest setting limits. Turn off unnecessary notifications, set aside phone-free time each day, and make a conscious effort to spend more time in the real world with real people. Smartphones are powerful tools, but like any tool, they work best when we control them rather than letting them control us. 16. What positive aspect of smartphones is mentioned in the passage? A. They have made books completely unnecessary. B. They allow people to work 24 hours a day. C. They make communication faster and more convenient. D. They have replaced all other forms of technology. 17. What physical problem can excessive phone use cause? A. Neck and back problems from looking down for too long. B. Permanent damage to the eyes that cannot be treated. C. Fingers becoming shorter from constant typing. D. Ears losing the ability to hear normally. 18. What do experts suggest for healthy smartphone use? A. Delete all social media apps immediately. B. Buy a more expensive phone with better features. C. Use smartphones only for work purposes. D. Set limits and spend more time in the real world. 19. How do many teenagers feel when separated from their phones? A. They feel relieved and free. B. They feel anxious and uncomfortable. C. They feel more creative and productive. D. They feel angry at their parents. 20. What is the condition called "text neck"? A. A neck problem caused by texting too fast. B. A neck problem caused by looking down at phones for long periods. C. A neck problem caused by carrying heavy phones. D. A neck problem caused by sleeping with phones. Passage E Water covers about seventy percent of the Earth's surface, but only a tiny part of it is fresh water that humans can use. In fact, less than one percent of all water on Earth is available for drinking, farming, and industry. This makes fresh water one of the most valuable resources on our planet. Many people take water for granted, especially in developed countries where clean water flows from every tap. However, the reality is that over two billion people around the world lack access to safe drinking water. In some African countries, women and children walk several miles every day just to collect water for their families, and the water they collect is not always clean. The demand for water is growing rapidly. As the world's population increases, more water is needed for growing food, producing goods, and supplying growing cities. At the same time, climate change is making water shortages worse in many regions. Longer and more severe droughts are drying up rivers and lakes that communities depend on. Saving water is something everyone can help with. Simple actions like turning off the tap while brushing teeth, fixing leaky pipes, and taking shorter showers can save thousands of liters of water per year. In agriculture, which uses about seventy percent of the world's fresh water, more efficient watering methods can greatly reduce waste. Protecting our water resources also means keeping water clean. Factories must treat their waste before releasing it into rivers. Farmers need to use fewer chemicals that wash into water sources. And ordinary people should avoid throwing trash into rivers and lakes. Every drop of water is precious, and it will take a global effort to make sure there is enough clean water for future generations. 21. What percentage of all water on Earth is available for human use? A. Less than one percent. B. About ten percent. C. About thirty percent. D. About seventy percent. 22. How many people in the world lack access to safe drinking water? A. About five hundred million. B. About one billion. C. Over two billion. D. Nearly four billion. 23. What factors are increasing the demand for water? A.New water sports and recreation activities. B. Population growth and climate change. C. The development of artificial intelligence. D. The increasing popularity of bottled water. 24. What does the passage suggest about agriculture and water use? A. Agriculture uses very little water compared to industry. B. Only organic farming can save water resources. C. Farming should completely stop using water. D. More efficient watering methods can reduce waste. 25. What is the main message of the passage? A. Every drop of water is precious and needs to be protected. B. Water will never run out on our planet. C. Water problems only exist in African countries. D. Technology will soon solve all water problems. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $