第4卷 单项选择（词法与基础语法）-【2027版】山西省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦词法与基础语法核心考点，通过40道典型题实现从名词、冠词到主谓一致的递进式训练，强化语言能力与应试技能。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |名词|7题（1-7）|考查复数、所有格、不规则变化|从基础词汇形式切入，构建词法体系| |冠词|7题（8-14）|覆盖定冠词、不定冠词及零冠词用法|承接名词，强化限定词应用逻辑| |代词|8题（15-22）|涉及物主、不定、反身代词等|拓展替代词功能，完善词法网络| |介词|8题（23-30）|聚焦固定搭配及时空介词|建立词与词的关系表达逻辑| |数词|4题（31-34）|考查分数、基数词、序数词|补充数量表达，丰富词法维度| |主谓一致|5题（35-39）|包含常见结构（the number of等）|衔接词法与基础句法，形成语法闭环|

编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和历年真题编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为单项选择专项训练之词法与基础语法，重点训练名词、冠词、代词、介词、数词及主谓一致等核心语法知识。全卷共40小题，每小题2.5分，满分100分。 【2027版】山西省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第4卷 单项选择（词法与基础语法） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题2.5分，共计100分） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. There are many _____ playing on the playground after class. A. children B. child C. childs D. childes 【答案】A 【详解】考查可数名词不规则复数。句意：放学后有很多孩子在操场上玩耍。A选项children，为child的不规则复数；B选项child，为单数；C选项childs，为拼写错误；D选项childes，为拼写错误。many后接可数名词复数，children是正确的复数形式。故选A。 2. My mother cut the apple into two _____ with a knife. A. halfs B. halve C. halfes D. halves 【答案】D 【详解】考查以f/fe结尾的名词复数。句意：妈妈用刀把苹果切成两半。A选项halfs，拼写错误；B选项halve，为动词形式；C选项halfes，拼写错误；D选项halves，为half的复数变f为v加-es。half以f结尾变复数须将f变为v再加-es。故选D。 3. _____ classroom is on the second floor of this building. A. Tom and Jim's B. Tom and Jim C. Tom's and Jim D. Tom's and Jim's 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词所有格(共同所有)。句意：汤姆和吉姆的教室在这栋楼的二楼。A选项Tom and Jim，'s两人共同拥有；B选项Tom and Jim，缺少所有格；C选项Tom，'s and Jim结构不完整；D选项Tom，'s and Jim's各自拥有。classroom为单数说明两人共用一间。故选A。 4. There are five _____ working in that hospital now. A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor 【答案】A 【详解】考查复合名词复数。句意：现在那家医院里有五位女医生在工作。man/woman复合词两部分都变复数；A选项women， doctors，正确；B选项woman， doctors，第一个词未变复数；C选项woman doctor，单数形式；D选项women doctor，第二个词未变复数。由man/woman构成的复合名词变复数时两个都要变复数。故选A。 5. Could you give me some _____ on how to learn English well? A. advices B. an advice C. advice D. a advice 【答案】C 【详解】考查不可数名词用法。句意：你能给我一些学好英语的建议吗？A选项advices，错误加复数；B选项an advice，不可数名词前不能加an；C选项advice，不可数名词无复数；D选项a advice，不可数名词前不能加a。advice是不可数名词没有复数也不加冠词。故选C。 6. I saw several _____ swimming near the bank this morning. A. fishes B. fishs C. a fish D. fish 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词单复数同形。句意：今天早上我看到几条鱼在岸边游来游去。A选项fishes，指不同种类的鱼；B选项fishs，拼写错误；C选项a fish，单数形式；D选项fish，单复数同形。several后接复数fish表示同一种类的鱼时单复数同形。故选D。 7. The _____ hats displayed in the shop window are very fashionable. A. mans B. men's C. man's D. mens' 【答案】B 【详解】考查不规则名词复数所有格。句意：橱窗里展示的男士帽子非常时尚。A选项mans，拼写错误；B选项men，'s复数所有格表示男士的；C选项man，'s单数所有格与are不符；D选项mens，'所有格位置错误。谓语are说明主语复数men是man的复数加's构成所有格。故选B。 8. My sister is learning to play _____ violin after school every day. A. a B. the C. an D. / 【答案】B 【详解】考查定冠词在乐器前的用法。句意：我妹妹每天放学后学习拉小提琴。A选项a，不用于乐器前；B选项the，乐器前须用定冠词the；C选项an，不用于乐器前；D选项/乐器前需冠词零冠词不当。乐器名称前须用定冠词play the violin为固定表达。故选B。 9. I want to be _____ English teacher when I grow up. A. a B. the C. an D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查不定冠词a与an的选择。句意：我长大后想当一名英语老师。A选项a，用于辅音音素前；B选项the，此处非特指；C选项an，English以元音/ɪ/开头用an；D选项/单数可数名词需冠词。English以元音音素开头表示泛指用an。故选C。 10. _____ harder you study, _____ better grades you will achieve. A. A; a B. The; the C. The; a D. A; the 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定句型中的冠词。句意：你学习越努力，取得的成绩就越好。A选项A，; a搭配错误；B选项The，; the；the+比较级,the+比较级固定句型；C选项The，; a搭配错误；D选项A，; the搭配错误。the+比较级the+比较级表示越……就越……。故选B。 11. We usually have _____ lunch at twelve o'clock every day. A. / B. a C. an D. the 【答案】A 【详解】考查三餐前的零冠词。句意：我们通常在每天十二点吃午饭。A选项/三餐前通常不用冠词；B选项a，三餐前不用a；C选项an，三餐前不用an；D选项the，三餐前不用the。一日三餐前通常不用冠词have lunch为固定搭配。故选A。 12. _____ sun provides light and energy for all life on Earth. A. A B. An C. The D. / 【答案】C 【详解】考查定冠词在独一无二事物前。句意：太阳为地球上所有的生命提供光和能量。A选项A，不用于独一无二事物；B选项An，不用于独一无二事物；C选项The，独一无二事物前用the；D选项/需加冠词。sun是独一无二的天体须用定冠词the。故选C。 13. Miss Wang is _____ honest teacher and all students love her. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定冠词a与an。句意：王老师是一位诚实的老师，所有学生都喜欢她。A选项an；honest以元音/ɒ/开头用an；B选项a，用于辅音音素前；C选项the，此处非特指；D选项/单数可数名词需冠词。honest中h不发音以元音音素开头表示泛指用an。故选A。 14. This is _____ most unforgettable trip I've ever taken. A. a B. the C. an D. / 【答案】B 【详解】考查最高级前的定冠词。句意：这是我经历过的最难忘的一次旅行。A选项a，最高级前不用a；B选项the，最高级前须用the；C选项an，最高级前不用an；D选项/最高级前需冠词。形容词最高级前须用定冠词the。故选B。 15. —Is this umbrella _____? —Yes, it's mine. Thank you! A. your B. you C. yours D. yourself 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词性物主代词的用法。句意：——这把伞是你的吗？——是的，是我的。谢谢你！A选项your，形容词性物主代词后需接名词；B选项you，人称代词不能作表语；C选项yours，名词性物主代词可独立作表语；D选项yourself，反身代词此处不当。名词性物主代词可单独作表语相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。故选C。 16. I couldn't find _____ interesting in that old magazine. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 【答案】C 【详解】考查不定代词在否定句。句意：我在那本旧杂志里找不到任何有趣的东西。A选项something，用于肯定句；B选项nothing，与couldn't构成双重否定；C选项anything，否定句中用anything；D选项everything，与句意不符。否定句中须用anything代替something。故选C。 17. _____ of the students has his own dictionary in class. A. Each B. Every C. All D. Both 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定代词与主谓一致。句意：班上每个学生都有自己的词典。A选项Each，可作代词与has单数谓语一致；B选项Every，不能单独作代词；C选项All，与has单数谓语矛盾；D选项Both，指两者与范围不符。each可作代词与单数谓语动词搭配表示每一个。故选A。 18. The little girl learned to dress _____ when she was four. A. her B. hers C. herself D. she 【答案】C 【详解】考查反身代词的用法。句意：那个小女孩四岁时就学会了自己穿衣服。A选项her，宾格不表示自己；B选项hers，名词性物主代词不表示自己；C选项herself，反身代词与主语一致；D选项she，主格不能作宾语。dress oneself表示给自己穿衣服主语the little girl对应herself。故选C。 19. I have two dogs. One is black and _____ is brown. A. the other B. other C. another D. others 【答案】A 【详解】考查两者中另一个的表达。句意：我有两条狗。一条是黑色的，另一条是棕色的。A选项the other，特指两者中的另一个；B选项other，不能单独作代词；C选项another，泛指另一个；D选项others，指其他人或物。one...the other...表示一个……另一个……。故选A。 20. _____ is impossible for a baby to lift such a heavy box. A. This B. That C. It D. One 【答案】C 【详解】考查it作形式主语的用法。句意：对婴儿来说举起这么重的箱子是不可能的。A选项This，不能作形式主语；B选项That，不能作形式主语；C选项It，作形式主语指代不定式；D选项One，不能作形式主语。It is adj. for sb. to do sth.为固定句型。故选C。 21. Help _____ to some cakes, boys and girls! A. you B. your C. yours D. yourselves 【答案】D 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：孩子们，请随便吃点蛋糕吧！A选项you，人称代词不表自己；B选项your，物主代词不表自己；C选项yours，名词性物主代词不当；D选项yourselves，反身代词与boys and girls一致。help oneself to表示请自便主语boys and girls对应yourselves。故选D。 22. This shirt is too large. Please show me _____ one. A. another B. other C. the other D. others 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定代词的区分。句意：这件衬衫太大了。请给我拿另一件。A选项another，泛指另一个后接单数one；B选项other，后不接单数名词；C选项the other，特指另一个；D选项others，指其他人或物。another泛指另一个后可接单数可数名词。故选A。 23. We finally arrived _____ the train station before the rain. A. in B. at C. to D. for 【答案】B 【详解】考查到达某地的介词。句意：我们在下雨前终于到达了火车站。A选项in，大城市等大地点用in；B选项at，车站等小地点用at；C选项to；arrive不直接接to；D选项for，搭配不当。arrive at接较小地点如车站机场。故选B。 24. My parents are strict _____ me about my homework. A. with B. to C. at D. in 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定搭配中的介词。句意：我父母对我的作业要求很严格。A选项with；be strict with sb.对某人严格；B选项to，搭配不当；C选项at，搭配不当；D选项in，搭配不当。be strict with sb.为固定搭配意为对某人严格要求。故选A。 25. The sports meeting will be held _____ a warm day in April. A. in B. at C. for D. on 【答案】D 【详解】考查时间介词的用法。句意：运动会将在四月一个温暖的日子里举行。A选项in，月份等较大时间用in；B选项at，具体时刻用at；C选项for，表示持续的时间段；D选项on，具体某一天用on。具体某一天前用介词on。故选D。 26. It's not polite to laugh _____ others when they fail. A. to B. with C. for D. at 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定搭配中的介词。句意：当别人失败时嘲笑他们是不礼貌的。A选项to，搭配不当；B选项with；laugh with和……一起笑；C选项for，搭配不当；D选项at；laugh at嘲笑。laugh at为固定搭配意为嘲笑。故选D。 27. The young man is deeply interested _____ Chinese history. A. on B. in C. at D. with 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定搭配中的介词。句意：那个年轻人对中国历史很感兴趣。A选项on，搭配不当；B选项in；be interested in对……感兴趣；C选项at，搭配不当；D选项with，搭配不当。be interested in为固定搭配。故选B。 28. We have been waiting _____ the bus for almost forty minutes. A. at B. to C. for D. with 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定搭配中的介词。句意：我们等公交车已经等了快四十分钟了。A选项at，搭配不当；B选项to；wait后不接to；C选项for,wait for等候；D选项with，搭配不当。wait for为固定搭配表示等待某人或某物。故选C。 29. The sun rises _____ the east every morning. A. on B. in C. at D. to 【答案】B 【详解】考查方位介词。句意：太阳每天早上从东方升起。A选项on；on在表面上；B选项in；in the east在东方；C选项at；at用于具体地点；D选项to；to表示朝向。表示在某个方位用介词in。故选B。 30. The temperature here often drops _____ zero in December. A. under B. down C. beneath D. below 【答案】D 【详解】考查表示低于的介词。句意：这里十二月份的气温常常降到零度以下。A选项under，正下方与温度不搭配；B选项down，副词方向向下；C选项beneath，较正式平时少用；D选项below；below zero零度以下。温度低于某个数值用below。故选D。 31. About _____ of the land in this area is covered by forest. A. three fifth B. three fifths C. third five D. third fifths 【答案】B 【详解】考查分数的表达。句意：这个地区大约五分之三的土地被森林覆盖。A选项three fifth，分母未加s；B选项three fifths，分子>1分母加s正确；C选项third five，分子分母颠倒；D选项third fifths，分子表达错。分数表达分子基数词分母序数词分子>1时分母加s。故选B。 32. There are over _____ books on different subjects in our library. A. two thousands B. two thousand C. two thousand of D. two thousands of 【答案】B 【详解】考查基数词与单位名词。句意：我们图书馆有两千多本不同学科的书籍。A选项two thousands，具体数字后不能加s；B选项two thousand，具体数字后不加s；C选项two thousand of，具体数字后不加of；D选项two thousands of，不符合规则。hundred/thousand前有具体数字时不用复数也不加of。故选B。 33. Please open your books and turn to page _____ now. A. ninty-two B. ninetieth-two C. ninety-second D. ninety-two 【答案】D 【详解】考查编号和页码的表达。句意：请打开书翻到第九十二页。A选项ninty-two拼写错误；B选项ninetieth-two序数词不用于页码；C选项ninety-second序数词不用于页码；D选项ninety-two基数词的正确拼写。表示页码时用基数词并放在名词之后。故选D。 34. Mary will celebrate her _____ birthday with friends next week. A. eighteen B. eighteenths C. eighteenth D. the eighteenth 【答案】C 【详解】考查序数词的用法。句意：玛丽下周将和朋友们一起庆祝她的十八岁生日。A选项eighteen，基数词不符合语境；B选项eighteenths，序数词不能加s；C选项eighteenth，序数词表第十八与her搭配；D选项the eighteenth，前面有her不需加the。表示第几个生日用序数词物主代词后不加the。故选C。 35. Mr. Smith is one of the most popular _____ in the school. A. teacher B. teachers' C. teacher's D. teachers 【答案】D 【详解】考查one of结构。句意：史密斯先生是学校里最受欢迎的老师之一。A选项teacher，单数不符合one of；B选项teachers，'名词所有格不当；C选项teacher，'s名词所有格不当；D选项teachers；one of后接名词复数。one of the+最高级后须接可数名词的复数。故选D。 36. The number of students who like science _____ increasing now. A. are B. is C. were D. have been 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：喜欢科学的学生人数现在正在增加。A选项area number of，才用复数；B选项is；the number of谓语用单数；C选项were，时态不搭配；D选项have been，时态不搭配。the number of+复数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。故选B。 37. Neither the teacher nor the students _____ happy with the plan. A. is B. was C. has been D. are 【答案】D 【详解】考查就近一致原则。句意：老师不满意这个计划，学生们也不满意。A选项is，与就近主语不符；B选项was，与复数主语不符；C选项has been，与复数主语不符；D选项are；neither...nor就近一致students复数。neither...nor连接主语时谓语与最近的主语一致用复数。故选D。 38. The police _____ looking for the missing child in the woods. A. is B. was C. has been D. are 【答案】D 【详解】考查集合名词主谓一致。句意：警察正在树林里寻找失踪的孩子。A选项is；police通常作复数；B选项was，时态不符；C选项has been，时态不符；D选项are,police作复数用谓语are。police为集合名词作主语时通常视为复数谓语用复数。故选D。 39. This pair of glasses _____ too expensive for a student. A. are B. were C. is D. have been 【答案】C 【详解】考查a pair of的主谓一致。句意：这副眼镜对一个学生来说太贵了。A选项are，主语是pair不是glasses；B选项were，时态不搭配；C选项is，pair作主语谓语用单数；D选项have been，时态不搭配。a pair of+复数名词作主语时谓语与pair一致用单数。故选C。 40. _____ will the new semester begin? —On September 1st. A. When B. How long C. How soon D. How often 【答案】A 【详解】考查特殊疑问词辨析。句意：新学期什么时候开始？——九月一日。A选项When，询问具体时间用When；B选项How long，询问时间段长度；C选项How soon，询问多久之后；D选项How often，询问频率。答语On September 1st是具体日期应用When提问。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和历年真题编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为单项选择专项训练之词法与基础语法，重点训练名词、冠词、代词、介词、数词及主谓一致等核心语法知识。全卷共40小题，每小题2.5分，满分100分。 【2027版】山西省（对口升学）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第4卷 单项选择（词法与基础语法） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题2.5分，共计100分） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. There are many _____ playing on the playground after class. A. children B. child C. childs D. childes 2. My mother cut the apple into two _____ with a knife. A. halfs B. halve C. halfes D. halves 3. _____ classroom is on the second floor of this building. A. Tom and Jim's B. Tom and Jim C. Tom's and Jim D. Tom's and Jim's 4. There are five _____ working in that hospital now. A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor 5. Could you give me some _____ on how to learn English well? A. advices B. an advice C. advice D. a advice 6. I saw several _____ swimming near the bank this morning. A. fishes B. fishs C. a fish D. fish 7. The _____ hats displayed in the shop window are very fashionable. A. mans B. men's C. man's D. mens' 8. My sister is learning to play _____ violin after school every day. A. a B. the C. an D. / 9. I want to be _____ English teacher when I grow up. A. a B. the C. an D. / 10. _____ harder you study, _____ better grades you will achieve. A. A; a B. The; the C. The; a D. A; the 11. We usually have _____ lunch at twelve o'clock every day. A. / B. a C. an D. the 12. _____ sun provides light and energy for all life on Earth. A. A B. An C. The D. / 13. Miss Wang is _____ honest teacher and all students love her. A. an B. a C. the D. / 14. This is _____ most unforgettable trip I've ever taken. A. a B. the C. an D. / 15. —Is this umbrella _____? —Yes, it's mine. Thank you! A. your B. you C. yours D. yourself 16. I couldn't find _____ interesting in that old magazine. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything 17. _____ of the students has his own dictionary in class. A. Each B. Every C. All D. Both 18. The little girl learned to dress _____ when she was four. A. her B. hers C. herself D. she 19. I have two dogs. One is black and _____ is brown. A. the other B. other C. another D. others 20. _____ is impossible for a baby to lift such a heavy box. A. This B. That C. It D. One 21. Help _____ to some cakes, boys and girls! A. you B. your C. yours D. yourselves 22. This shirt is too large. Please show me _____ one. A. another B. other C. the other D. others 23. We finally arrived _____ the train station before the rain. A. in B. at C. to D. for 24. My parents are strict _____ me about my homework. A. with B. to C. at D. in 25. The sports meeting will be held _____ a warm day in April. A. in B. at C. for D. on 26. It's not polite to laugh _____ others when they fail. A. to B. with C. for D. at 27. The young man is deeply interested _____ Chinese history. A. on B. in C. at D. with 28. We have been waiting _____ the bus for almost forty minutes. A. at B. to C. for D. with 29. The sun rises _____ the east every morning. A. on B. in C. at D. to 30. The temperature here often drops _____ zero in December. A. under B. down C. beneath D. below 31. About _____ of the land in this area is covered by forest. A. three fifth B. three fifths C. third five D. third fifths 32. There are over _____ books on different subjects in our library. A. two thousands B. two thousand C. two thousand of D. two thousands of 33. Please open your books and turn to page _____ now. A. ninty-two B. ninetieth-two C. ninety-second D. ninety-two 34. Mary will celebrate her _____ birthday with friends next week. A. eighteen B. eighteenths C. eighteenth D. the eighteenth 35. Mr. Smith is one of the most popular _____ in the school. A. teacher B. teachers' C. teacher's D. teachers 36. The number of students who like science _____ increasing now. A. are B. is C. were D. have been 37. Neither the teacher nor the students _____ happy with the plan. A. is B. was C. has been D. are 38. The police _____ looking for the missing child in the woods. A. is B. was C. has been D. are 39. This pair of glasses _____ too expensive for a student. A. are B. were C. is D. have been 40. _____ will the new semester begin? —On September 1st. A. When B. How long C. How soon D. How often 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $