专题04 Unit 4 Exploring literature-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语译林版必修第二册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦12个高考高频词汇，以“文学”主题语境为串联，通过语境串记语篇、词根拆解、词性变化总表等模块系统梳理知识点，构建“词汇-语境-考点”三维网络。设计问题链和任务单引导学生自主完成语篇默写、词汇升级等活动，培养语言能力和思维品质。 亮点在于自主学习支持与个性化复习设计，如“语境复现语法填空”“自我检测复述模板”等工具，帮助学生诊断薄弱点。关联阅读和写作运用环节提升语言能力，词根联想记忆法培养学习能力，教师可通过学情数据精准指导，助力因材施教。

专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：literature / author / novel / feature / contain / reflect / universal / significant / determine / capable / attempt / accomplish （知识点来源：必修第二册 Unit 4 · Exploring literature + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 11 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Literature is a door that opens onto other lives. Behind every great novel there is an author who has spent years choosing each word with care. A fine story may feature a lonely boy, a brave girl or an old fisherman, and its quiet chapters often contain far more than they seem to say. Good writing does not only describe the world; it also helps us reflect on our own life. The best books deal with universal feelings that every reader knows: love, fear, hope and loss. A single significant scene can determine how we remember a whole story, and a few honest lines are capable of changing a young mind. So make a small attempt every day: read ten pages, write a short note about them, and in one year you will accomplish something quietly great. 【中文译文】 （literature）文学是一扇通向他人生命的门。每一部伟大的（novel）小说背后，都有一位用多年时间字斟句酌的（author）作者。一个好故事未必（feature）以惊天动地的英雄为主角，它安静的篇章里常常（contain）包含着比字面多得多的东西。好的写作不只是描述世界，它还帮助我们（reflect）反思自己的人生。 最好的书写的是（universal）普遍存在的情感——爱、恐惧、希望与失去，每一位读者都懂。一个（significant）重要的场景就能（determine）决定我们如何记住整个故事，寥寥几行真诚的文字也（capable）能够改变一颗年轻的心。所以每天做一点小小的（attempt）尝试：读十页，写一段短短的笔记；一年之后，你一定能（accomplish）完成一件安静而了不起的事。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：文学开门→遇见作者→翻开小说→故事主打→字里包含→引人反思→情感普遍→场景重要→决定记忆→有此能力→动笔尝试→终有所成 记忆链：literature → author → novel → feature → contain → reflect → universal → significant → determine → capable → attempt → accomplish Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ n. 文学；文学作品；文献 ⚡考点：English literature 英国文学；works of literature 文学作品；literary adj. 文学的；literacy n. 读写能力 2 author /ˈɔːθə(r)/ n. 作者；作家 vt. 撰写 ⚡考点：the author of…；between author and reader；authorship n. 著作权；co-author 合著者 3 novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. 小说 adj. 新颖的 ⚡考点：a novel by…；a novel idea 新颖的主意；novelist n. 小说家；novelty n. 新奇（事物） 4 feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ n. 特点；特征 vt. 以…为特色 ⚡考点：a key feature of；the film features sb.；featuring 以…为主打；facial features 面部特征 5 contain /kənˈteɪn/ vt. 包含；容纳；克制 ⚡考点：contain oneself 克制自己；be contained in；container n. 容器；content n. 内容 6 reflect /rɪˈflekt/ vt. 反映；反射 vi. 深思 ⚡考点：reflect on/upon 反思；be reflected in；reflection n. 反映；reflective adj. 沉思的 7 universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ adj. 普遍的；全世界的；通用的 ⚡考点：a universal truth 普遍真理；be universally accepted；universe n. 宇宙；universality n. 普遍性 8 significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的；显著的；相当数量的 ⚡考点：a significant number of；significantly adv. 显著地；significance n. 意义（be of great significance） 9 determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；查明；下决心 ⚡考点：determine to do；be determined to do；determine the cause 查明原因；determination n. 决心 10 capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的；能干的 ⚡考点：be capable of doing 能够做；a capable student；capability n. 能力；capacity n. 容量；才能 11 attempt /əˈtempt/ n./vt. 尝试；努力；企图 ⚡考点：make an attempt to do；attempt to do；in an attempt to do 为了；at the first attempt 第一次尝试就 12 accomplish /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/ vt. 完成；实现；达到 ⚡考点：accomplish a task/goal；accomplishment n. 成就；accomplished adj. 有造诣的；技艺高超的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ n. 文学；文学作品；文献；印刷品 【核心考点】 literature是文学与阅读话题的统领词，通常为不可数名词。English/classical/modern literature（英国/古典/现代文学）；works of literature = literary works（文学作品）；a piece of literature（一部文学作品，用a piece of计量）。派生词：literary adj.（文学的）→ literary criticism（文学批评）、a literary career（文学生涯）；literate adj.（有读写能力的；有学识的）；literacy n.（读写能力）→ improve literacy（提高识字率）；illiterate adj.（文盲的）。辨析：literature（文学这一整体门类或某领域的全部文献）vs literary（形容词，与文学有关的）vs literacy（读写能力）——三词同根形近，是语法填空的经典设空点。 【词根联想】 liter/litter（拉丁语littera"字母；文字"）+ -ature（名词后缀，表整体、结果）→ 一切用文字写下来的东西→ 文学；文献。联想：liter"字母"→ letter（字母；信件）、literal（字面的）、literally（字面上地）、literacy（读写能力）、obliterate（抹去→把字擦掉）、literature（文学）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：literature n. 印刷品；宣传资料；说明材料。熟义"文学"之外，literature在广告、旅游、产品说明语境中指成套的印刷宣传品，如sales literature（销售宣传资料）、send me some literature about the course（把课程资料寄给我）。此义为不可数名词，常在阅读理解应用文中出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Literature allows us to live many different lives within one short lifetime."（文学让我们在短短一生中体验许多不同的人生。）（经典原句·literature 文学） 【搭配词块】 works of literature 文学作品 / English literature 英国文学 / literary adj. 文学的 / literacy n. 读写能力 2. author /ˈɔːθə(r)/ n. 作者；作家 vt. 撰写；创作 【核心考点】 author是阅读理解题干中出现频率最高的名词之一，几乎每套高考卷都会考What does the author want to tell us? / What can we infer about the author?。搭配：the author of the book（该书作者）、a best-selling author（畅销书作家）、between author and reader（在作者与读者之间）。作动词时author a book/report（撰写某书/报告），多用于正式语体；co-author v./n.（合著；合著者）；authorship n.（著作权；作者身份）。辨析：author（泛指任何文字作品的作者，最通用）vs writer（作家，强调以写作为职业）vs novelist（小说家）vs poet（诗人）vs editor（编辑）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语auctor"创始者；使生长的人"（augere"增加；使生长"）→ 使作品从无到有的人→ 作者。联想：auct/aug"增加"→ augment（增加）、auction（拍卖→价格不断加高）、authority（权威→有创制之权者）、authorize（授权）、author（作者）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：author n. 创造者；发起人 vt. 创造；引起。熟义"作者"之外，author可指某一计划、事件或思想的始作俑者，如the author of the plan（这项计划的提出者）、the author of one's own misfortune（自己不幸的制造者）。此义带有"从无到有地造出"的比喻色彩。 【真题原句】 （2020·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B篇·author表"作者"，第2段末句）"It's about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader."（阅读关乎当下，也关乎人对当下的贡献，因为阅读是作者与读者之间的一种给予与索取。）（真题原句·author 作者） 【搭配词块】 the author of… …的作者 / a best-selling author 畅销书作家 / authorship n. 著作权 / co-author 合著者 3. novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. 小说 adj. 新颖的；新奇的 【核心考点】 novel是文学话题的核心名词，同时其形容词义是高考熟词生义的常客。作名词：write/read a novel（写/读小说）、a detective novel（侦探小说）、a novel by Lu Xun（鲁迅的一部小说）。作形容词：a novel idea/approach/way（新颖的想法/方法/方式），近义于new而更强调"前所未有、别出心裁"。派生词：novelist n.（小说家）；novelty n.（新奇；新颖之物）→ the novelty wears off（新鲜感消退）；novella n.（中篇小说）。辨析：novel（长篇小说）vs story（故事，泛指）vs short story（短篇小说）vs fiction（虚构类作品的总称，不可数）vs non-fiction（非虚构作品）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语novus"新的"（意大利语novella"新故事"）→ 讲述新鲜事的长篇故事→ 小说；本义"新的"保留为形容词。联想：nov"新"→ new（新的）、renew（更新）、innovate（创新→向内造新）、innovation（创新）、renovate（翻新）、novice（新手）、novel（小说；新颖的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：novel adj. 新颖的；与众不同的。熟义名词"小说"之外，novel作形容词表示"新奇的、前所未有的"，如a novel solution to an old problem（老问题的新颖解法）、a novel experience（新奇的体验）。此义在完形填空与阅读理解中常与original、creative同义替换，是高频考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Her first novel offered a novel way of telling an ordinary family story."（她的第一部小说用一种新颖的方式讲述了一个平凡的家庭故事。）（经典原句·novel 小说/新颖的） 【搭配词块】 read a novel 读小说 / a novel idea 新颖的主意 / novelist n. 小说家 / novelty n. 新奇；新颖 4. feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ n. 特点；特征；专题报道 vt. 以…为特色 【核心考点】 feature名动同形，说明文与广告类应用文双高频。作名词：a key/distinctive feature of（…的关键/独特特征）、safety features（安全性能）、facial features（面部五官）、a feature article（特写文章）。作动词：The film features a young actress（该片由一位年轻女演员主演）、The exhibition features 60 masterpieces（本展览以60件杰作为主打），此时主语是作品或活动，宾语是被突出展示的人或物，是阅读理解中易误解的用法。派生词：featured adj.（作为特色的）；featureless adj.（无特色的）。辨析：feature（可被观察到的显著特点）vs character（整体性格或性质）vs characteristic（典型特征，常用复数）vs quality（内在品质）。 【词根联想】 fac/fact/feat（拉丁语facere"做；造"）+ -ure（名词后缀）→ 被造出来的样子→ 相貌；特征。联想：fac/fect"做"→ factory（工厂）、manufacture（制造）、effect（效果→做出来的结果）、perfect（完美的→彻底做好）、feature（做出的样子→特征）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：feature vt. 以…为特色；由…主演；重点介绍。熟义名词"特征"之外，feature作及物动词在影视、展览、报刊语境中极常见，如The magazine features an interview with the author（该杂志重点刊登了对这位作者的专访）。识别要点：主语为作品/媒体，宾语为被展示的内容。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The new exhibition features first editions of ten famous novels."（新展览以十部名著的初版书为主打展品。）（经典原句·feature 以…为特色） 【搭配词块】 a key feature of …的关键特征 / feature sb. 由某人主演 / featuring 以…为主打 / facial features 面部特征 5. contain /kənˈteɪn/ vt. 包含；容纳；控制（情绪） 【核心考点】 contain是说明文与科普阅读的高频动词，通常不用于进行时。contain表示"内部含有（成分、内容）"，如The book contains twelve chapters（这本书含十二章）、Milk contains calcium（牛奶含钙）。派生词：container n.（容器；集装箱）；content n.（内容；目录，常用复数contents）；containment n.（遏制）。辨析：contain（整体内部含有，宾语常为全部内容物）vs include（包括其中一部分，还有其他未列出）vs hold（能装下多少，强调容量）——高考典型对比：The box contains ten books（盒里就这十本）/ The price includes tax（价格包含税，但不止税）。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，一起）+ tenere（拉丁语"держать/hold 握住；保持"）→ 把东西一起握在里面→ 容纳；包含。联想：tain/ten"держать 保持"→ maintain（维持）、obtain（获得→拿到手中）、retain（保留→往回握）、sustain（支撑）、detain（拘留）、contain（包含）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：contain vt. 抑制；克制（感情）。熟义"包含"之外，contain可表示强忍情绪，如could not contain his excitement/anger（无法抑制他的兴奋/愤怒）、contain oneself（克制自己）。此义在记叙文与完形填空中出现频率很高，与hold back、control同义。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇·contain表"包含"，首段首句）"Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common 'm' and 'a' to the rare clicks of some southern African languages."（人类语言包含2000多种不同的语音，从常见的m、a到某些非洲南部语言中罕见的搭嘴音。）（真题原句·contain 包含） 【搭配词块】 be contained in 被包含在 / contain oneself 克制自己 / container n. 容器 / contents n. 内容；目录 6. reflect /rɪˈflekt/ vt. 反映；反射 vi. 深思；反省 【核心考点】 reflect一词三义，读写双高频。①反射：The mirror reflects light（镜子反射光线）；②反映、体现：The result reflects the whole situation（结果反映了整体情况）、be reflected in（在…中得到体现，被动式高频）；③反思：reflect on/upon sth.（认真思考某事），on不可省，是写作亮点结构。派生词：reflection n.（映像；反映；沉思）→ on reflection（经过深思）、a reflection of（…的写照）；reflective adj.（沉思的；反光的）。辨析：reflect on（深思，需介词）vs consider（考虑，及物）vs think over（仔细想）vs meditate（冥想，正式）。 【词根联想】 re-（回，back）+ flectere（拉丁语"弯曲，bend"）→ 光线折回来→ 反射；引申为思绪折回自身→ 反省。联想：flect/flex"弯"→ flexible（灵活的→可弯的）、deflect（使偏斜）、inflection（曲折变化）、reflect（折回→反射；反思）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reflect vi. 深思；反省 vt. 表明（某种情况）。熟义"反射"之外，reflect on one's mistakes（反省自己的错误）与The letter reflects his true feelings（这封信表明了他的真实感情）两种用法均为高考重点，前者不及物加on，后者及物，需据结构判断。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·reflect表"体现"，大熊猫国家公园语篇第2段）"The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems."（大熊猫国家公园的设计旨在体现保护自然生态系统原真性和完整性的指导原则。）（真题原句·reflect 体现） 【搭配词块】 reflect on 反思；深思 / be reflected in 在…中体现 / reflection n. 反映；沉思 / reflective adj. 沉思的 7. universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ adj. 普遍的；全世界的；通用的 【核心考点】 universal是议论文写作的高分形容词，用于概括全人类共有的现象。a universal truth（普遍真理）、universal values（普世价值）、universal education（普及教育）、be universal in（在…中普遍存在）；副词universally adv.（普遍地）→ be universally accepted/acknowledged（被普遍接受/公认，写作高频）。名词universe n.（宇宙）；universality n.（普遍性）。辨析：universal（放之四海皆准，范围最大）vs general（一般的；总体的，允许例外）vs common（常见的，强调出现频率高）vs global（全球范围的，强调地理覆盖）。 【词根联想】 uni-（一，one）+ vers/vert（拉丁语"转，turn"）+ -al → 转成一个整体的→ 全体的；普遍的。联想：uni"一"→ unite（联合）、unity（统一）、uniform（制服→形式统一）、unique（独一无二的）；vers"转"→ reverse（倒转）、convert（转化）、universe（宇宙→转成一体）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Great stories deal with universal feelings such as love, fear and hope."（伟大的故事书写的是爱、恐惧与希望这类普遍的情感。）（经典原句·universal 普遍的） 【搭配词块】 a universal truth 普遍真理 / be universally accepted 被普遍接受 / universe n. 宇宙 / universality n. 普遍性 8. significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的；显著的；相当数量的 【核心考点】 significant是高考阅读与写作的核心形容词，三义都需掌握：①重要的（play a significant role in）；②显著的、明显的（a significant improvement/difference）；③相当数量的（a significant number/amount of，等于quite a lot of，语法填空与阅读高频）。副词significantly adv.（显著地；意味深长地）→ significantly improve（显著改善）；名词significance n.（重要性；意义）→ be of great significance to（对…意义重大，写作亮点）；动词signify v.（表示；意味着）。辨析：significant（重要且值得注意，可量化）vs important（重要，最通用）vs vital/crucial（至关重要，程度更强）vs considerable（数量可观）。 【词根联想】 sign（记号，标记）+ fic（做）+ -ant（形容词后缀）→ 做出了标记的→ 值得标记出来的→ 重要的。联想：sign"记号"→ signal（信号）、signature（签名）、design（设计→画出记号）、assign（分配）、signify（表明）、significance（重要性）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：significant adj. 相当数量的；意味深长的。熟义"重要的"之外，a significant number/proportion of（相当多的…）是数据类说明文的固定表达；另有a significant look/smile（意味深长的眼神/微笑），表示暗含深意，两义均为高考考查重点。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·significant表"相当数量的"，大熊猫国家公园语篇第1段）"The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected."（该计划将把保护范围扩大到此前未受保护的大量区域。）（真题原句·significant 相当数量的） 【搭配词块】 a significant number of 相当多的 / significantly adv. 显著地 / be of great significance 意义重大 / signify v. 表明 9. determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；查明；下决心 【核心考点】 determine一词三义，语法填空与阅读双高频。①决定、支配：Your attitude determines your future；②查明、测定：determine the cause of the fire（查明火灾原因）、determine the age of the rock（测定岩石年代）；③下决心：determine to do sth.（表动作，一次性决定）、be determined to do sth.（表状态，决心已定，高考更常考）。名词determination n.（决心；测定）→ with great determination；形容词determined adj.（坚决的）。辨析：determine（客观上决定或主观下决心）vs decide（作出选择，最通用）vs conclude（推断得出结论）vs resolve（下定决心，正式）。 【词根联想】 de-（完全地，彻底）+ terminus（拉丁语"界限；终点"）→ 把界限彻底划定→ 决定；确定。联想：termin"界限；终点"→ terminal（终点站）、terminate（终止）、term（学期→有起止界限的时段）、exterminate（消灭）、determine（划定界限→决定）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：determine vt. 左右；直接影响；查明。熟义"下决心"之外，determine作及物动词表示某因素对结果起决定性作用（相当于decide/influence），或通过调查测定得出结论，此义在议论文与科普说明文中出现极多，是高考熟词生义榜的常客。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇·determine表"决定/左右"，末段末句）"And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius."（我们看得越多，就越会发现性别、种族、阶级这类社会因素并不能决定天才的出现。）（真题原句·determine 决定/左右） 【搭配词块】 be determined to do 决心做 / determine to do 决定做 / determination n. 决心 / determine the cause 查明原因 10. capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的；能干的；可能的 【核心考点】 capable是能力话题的核心形容词，最重要的结构是be capable of doing sth.（能够做某事，of后必须接动名词或名词，不可接不定式），与be able to do sth.形成高考经典对比。作定语时表示"能干的、称职的"，如a capable teacher（一位能干的老师）。名词capability n.（能力；性能）；capacity n.（容量；接受能力）→ a seating capacity of 500；反义词incapable adj.（无能力的）→ be incapable of。辨析：be capable of doing（具备做某事的潜在能力或可能性）vs be able to do（具体某次能够做成）vs competent（胜任的，多用于工作）。 【词根联想】 cap/cip/cept（拉丁语capere"拿；抓住；容纳"）+ -able（能…的）→ 能装得下、能拿得起的→ 有能力的。联想：cap"拿"→ capture（捕获）、capacity（容量）、accept（接受→向自己拿）、receive（收到）、except（除外→拿出去）、capable（有能力的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：capable adj. 有可能做出（坏事）的。熟义"有能力的"之外，be capable of还可表示"（在特定情况下）可能会做出某种（通常是不好的）事"，如He is capable of telling a lie to escape blame（为逃避责备他可能会说谎）。此义带贬义色彩，需据语境判断。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A few honest lines are capable of changing a young reader's mind."（寥寥几行真诚的文字就能够改变一位年轻读者的想法。）（经典原句·capable 有能力的） 【搭配词块】 be capable of doing 能够做 / a capable student 能干的学生 / capability n. 能力 / incapable adj. 无能力的 11. attempt /əˈtempt/ n. 尝试；努力 vt. 尝试；试图 【核心考点】 attempt名动同形，是记叙文与议论文的高频词。作名词：make an attempt to do sth. = make an attempt at doing sth.（尝试做某事）、at the first attempt（第一次尝试就）、in an attempt to do sth.（为了做某事，目的状语，写作亮点）；作动词：attempt to do sth.（试图做某事，后接不定式，不接doing）。派生词：attempted adj.（未遂的）→ attempted murder。辨析：attempt（正式，强调努力尝试，可能失败）vs try（最通用口语词，try to do试图做/try doing试着做）vs seek to do（谋求，书面）vs strive to do（力争，强调艰苦努力）。 【词根联想】 at-/ad-（朝向，to）+ temptare（拉丁语"试探；尝试"）→ 朝着目标去试探→ 尝试。联想：tempt"试探"→ tempt（引诱→试探人心）、temptation（诱惑）、tentative（试探性的）、attempt（尝试）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：attempt n. 袭击；行刺（企图）。熟义"尝试"之外，an attempt on sb.'s life意为"对某人的行刺企图"，多见于新闻报道类阅读，如survive an attempt on his life（在行刺中幸免于难）。此义搭配固定，须整体记忆。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"He made his first attempt at writing a short story last winter."（去年冬天他第一次尝试写短篇小说。）（经典原句·attempt 尝试） 【搭配词块】 make an attempt to do 尝试做 / attempt to do 试图做 / in an attempt to 为了 / at the first attempt 一次就成功 12. accomplish /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/ vt. 完成；实现；达到（目标） 【核心考点】 accomplish是目标与成就话题的高分动词，宾语多为task、goal、mission、aim等抽象名词，不能接book、house等具体事物。accomplish a task/goal/mission（完成任务/实现目标/完成使命）；accomplish little/nothing（收效甚微/一事无成）。名词accomplishment n.（成就；完成）→ a sense of accomplishment（成就感，写作高频）；形容词accomplished adj.（技艺高超的；有造诣的）→ an accomplished pianist。辨析：accomplish（成功完成有难度的目标，含成就感）vs finish（结束，最通用）vs complete（使完整、全部做完）vs achieve（取得成绩、荣誉或地位，宾语多为success、fame）。 【词根联想】 ac-/ad-（朝向）+ com-（完全）+ plere（拉丁语"填满，fill"）→ 朝着目标彻底填满→ 完成；实现。联想：ple/pli"满"→ complete（完整的）、complement（补足物）、plenty（充足）、supply（供给→往上填）、implement（实施）、accomplish（完成）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"If you read ten pages a day, you will accomplish something great in a year."（如果每天读十页，一年之后你就会完成一件了不起的事。）（经典原句·accomplish 完成） 【搭配词块】 accomplish a task 完成任务 / accomplishment n. 成就 / a sense of accomplishment 成就感 / accomplished adj. 有造诣的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 literature literary (adj.) literate (adj.) literacy (n.) works of literature / literary works author authorship (n.) co-author (n.) authored (v.) the author of / between author and reader novel novelist (n.) novelty (n.) novella (n.) read a novel / a novel idea feature featured (adj.) featuring (v.) featureless (adj.) a key feature of / feature sb. contain container (n.) contents (n.) containment (n.) be contained in / contain oneself reflect reflection (n.) reflective (adj.) reflector (n.) reflect on / be reflected in universal universally (adv.) universe (n.) universality (n.) a universal truth / be universally accepted significant significantly (adv.) significance (n.) signify (v.) a significant number of / be of great significance determine determined (adj.) determination (n.) determiner (n.) be determined to do / determine the cause capable capability (n.) capably (adv.) incapable (adj.) be capable of doing / a capable student attempt attempted (adj.) attempting (v.) --- make an attempt to do / attempt to do accomplish accomplishment (n.) accomplished (adj.) --- accomplish a task / a sense of accomplishment Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021全国甲卷·阅读D篇·改编）Social factors such as gender, race and class do not __________ (determination) the appearance of genius. 2.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·改编）The plan will extend protection to a __________ (significance) number of areas that were previously unprotected. 3.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·改编）The national park is designed to __________ (reflection) the guiding principle of protecting natural ecosystems. 4.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D篇·改编）Human speech __________ (containing) more than 2,000 different sounds, some of which are very rare. 5.（2020全国Ⅰ卷·阅读B篇·改编）Reading is a give and take between the __________ (authorship) and the reader, and each has to pull their own weight. 6.（2026山东济南•模拟）She is now studying English __________ (literary) at a university in the north of the country. 7.（2026广东广州•模拟）The young writer came up with a rather __________ (novelist) way of ending his story. 8.（2026浙江杭州•模拟）The exhibition, __________ (features) rare first editions of famous novels, opens to the public on Monday. 9.（2026江苏南京•模拟）Love, fear and hope are __________ (universe) feelings that readers of every age understand. 10.（2026四川成都•模拟）A few honest lines in a poem are __________ (capability) of changing a young reader's mind. 11.（2026河南郑州•模拟）She made several __________ (attempting) to finish the last chapter before the deadline. 12.（2026湖北武汉•模拟）With everyone's help, we managed to __________ (accomplishment) the reading task ahead of time. 13.（2026福建福州•模拟）Winning the national prize was a great __________ (accomplished) for the young author. 14.（2026湖南长沙•模拟）Nothing could shake his __________ (determined) to become a writer of children's stories. 15.（2026陕西西安•模拟）Great stories are __________ (universality) loved by readers of every country and every age. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 很多同学起初并不喜欢__________（文学），觉得一本__________（小说）不过是用来打发时间的东西，而写书的那位__________（作者）离自己非常遥远。 其实一个好故事未必__________（以…为特色）惊天动地的英雄，短短几页里却常常__________（包含）比字面多得多的意思，也真实地__________（反映）着我们的生活。 书中那些__________（普遍的）情感——爱、怕、盼望与失去——才是它最__________（重要的）的部分，它们悄悄__________（决定）着我们日后不断追问的问题。哪怕你每天只__________（有能力的）读完几章，也不妨做一次写作的__________（尝试）；坚持一年，你一定能__________（完成）一件安静而了不起的事。 Part 7 关联阅读 Wu Jing had never thought of himself as a lover of literature. Books, he believed, were for people who had nothing better to do with a free afternoon. Then, on a rainy Friday in October, his teacher handed him a thin novel about an old fisherman who fought the sea alone for three long days. The story did not feature heroes with special powers, and its plain sentences seemed to contain nothing remarkable at all. Yet by the last page Wu Jing was sitting very still, unwilling to close the little book. What exactly had happened to him? He could not explain it at first. The next morning he asked his teacher why a simple story about failure had moved him so deeply. She smiled and said that great writing reflects the universal experience of being human: we all lose something we love, and we all keep trying anyway. A significant book, she added, never tells you what to think. It quietly determines the questions you will carry with you for years. From that day on Wu Jing joined the school reading club. Every Wednesday afternoon twelve students sat in a small room and argued about characters as if they were neighbours living next door. Some members preferred poetry; others were only capable of finishing two short chapters before falling asleep. Nobody minded. The rule of the club was simple: read honestly, speak honestly. Wu Jing soon discovered that hearing another reader's view could completely change his understanding of a page he thought he already knew. By the end of the term he had made his first attempt at writing. It was a two-page story about his grandfather's old bicycle, and it was, he admitted with a laugh, terrible. His teacher read it twice and told him that every author begins exactly there. What matters is not the first draft but the courage to sit down and write a second one. Wu Jing did not accomplish anything remarkable that year, yet he had learned the lesson that literature teaches best: reading widens the world, and writing helps us understand the small part of it that belongs to us. 1. What did Wu Jing think of books before that rainy Friday? A. He believed reading was a good way to spend a free afternoon. B. He thought only teachers could really understand serious novels. C. He considered books something for people with nothing better to do. D. He had already read several famous novels about the sea and fishermen. 2. According to the teacher, why did the fisherman's story move Wu Jing so deeply? A. It reflects the universal experience of losing and still trying again. B. It describes a brave hero who finally wins his fight against the sea. C. It contains beautiful sentences that every reader remembers at once. D. It was written by an author whom Wu Jing had admired for a long time. 3. What can we learn about the school reading club? A. All of its members were excellent students of English literature. B. It required every member to finish one whole novel each week. C. The teacher decided which book the members had to discuss. D. Its members shared honest opinions and learned from one another. 4. What did Wu Jing gain by the end of the term? A. A prize for the best short story written by a student that year. B. An understanding that good writing takes courage and practice. C. The ability to finish a long novel in one single quiet evening. D. A promise from his teacher to help publish his first short story. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：literature, author, novel, feature, contain, reflect, universal, significant, determine, capable, attempt, accomplish Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. literature — __________ 2. author — __________ 3. novel — __________ 4. feature — __________ 5. contain — __________ 6. reflect — __________ 7. universal — __________ 8. significant — __________ 9. determine — __________ 10. capable — __________ 11. attempt — __________ 12. accomplish — __________ 13. literary — __________ 14. novelist — __________ 15. reflection — __________ 16. significance — __________ 17. determination — __________ 18. accomplishment — __________ 19. be capable of doing — __________ 20. make an attempt to do — __________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. Our teacher asked us to read more works of writing from other countries. → Our teacher asked us to read more __________ from other countries. 2. Behind every great story there is a writer who chooses each word with care. → Behind every great story there is an __________ who chooses each word with care. 3. He finished a long story book about an old fisherman in only two evenings. → He finished a __________ about an old fisherman in only two evenings. 4. The new exhibition has as its main attraction the first editions of famous books. → The new exhibition __________ the first editions of famous books. 5. This thin little book includes far more useful advice than many thick ones do. → This thin little book __________ far more useful advice than many thick ones do. 6. A good story truly shows the real life of ordinary people around us. → A good story truly __________ the real life of ordinary people around us. 7. Love and loss are feelings shared by everyone in every country and every age. → Love and loss are __________ feelings in every country and every age. 8. That single quiet scene is very important to the meaning of the whole novel. → That single quiet scene is __________ to the meaning of the whole novel. 9. A student's family background does not decide whether he will love reading. → A student's family background does not __________ whether he will love reading. 10. A few honest lines in a poem are able to change a young reader's mind. → A few honest lines in a poem are __________ changing a young reader's mind. 11. She made her first try at writing a short story last cold winter. → She made her first __________ at writing a short story last cold winter. 12. If you keep reading every day, you will finish something great in one year. → If you keep reading every day, you will __________ something great in one year. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：literature → author → novel → feature → contain → reflect → universal → significant → determine → capable → attempt → accomplish 复述模板（填空）： __________（文学）是一扇通向他人生命的门；每一部__________（小说）背后，都站着一位字斟句酌的__________（作者）。 好故事未必__________（以…为特色）惊天动地的英雄，安静的篇章里却__________（包含）着更多东西，也真实地__________（反映）着生活。 书里那些__________（普遍的）情感是最__________（重要的）的部分，它们悄悄__________（决定）着我们日后追问的问题；哪怕你只__________（有能力的）每天读几章，也要做一次写作的__________（尝试），一年之后你必能__________（完成）一件了不起的小事。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ $专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：literature / author / novel / feature / contain / reflect / universal / significant / determine / capable / attempt / accomplish （知识点来源：必修第二册 Unit 4 · Exploring literature + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 12 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Literature is a door that opens onto other lives. Behind every great novel there is an author who has spent years choosing each word with care. A fine story may feature a lonely boy, a brave girl or an old fisherman, and its quiet chapters often contain far more than they seem to say. Good writing does not only describe the world; it also helps us reflect on our own life. The best books deal with universal feelings that every reader knows: love, fear, hope and loss. A single significant scene can determine how we remember a whole story, and a few honest lines are capable of changing a young mind. So make a small attempt every day: read ten pages, write a short note about them, and in one year you will accomplish something quietly great. 【中文译文】 （literature）文学是一扇通向他人生命的门。每一部伟大的（novel）小说背后，都有一位用多年时间字斟句酌的（author）作者。一个好故事未必（feature）以惊天动地的英雄为主角，它安静的篇章里常常（contain）包含着比字面多得多的东西。好的写作不只是描述世界，它还帮助我们（reflect）反思自己的人生。 最好的书写的是（universal）普遍存在的情感——爱、恐惧、希望与失去，每一位读者都懂。一个（significant）重要的场景就能（determine）决定我们如何记住整个故事，寥寥几行真诚的文字也（capable）能够改变一颗年轻的心。所以每天做一点小小的（attempt）尝试：读十页，写一段短短的笔记；一年之后，你一定能（accomplish）完成一件安静而了不起的事。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：文学开门→遇见作者→翻开小说→故事主打→字里包含→引人反思→情感普遍→场景重要→决定记忆→有此能力→动笔尝试→终有所成 记忆链：literature → author → novel → feature → contain → reflect → universal → significant → determine → capable → attempt → accomplish Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ n. 文学；文学作品；文献 ⚡考点：English literature 英国文学；works of literature 文学作品；literary adj. 文学的；literacy n. 读写能力 2 author /ˈɔːθə(r)/ n. 作者；作家 vt. 撰写 ⚡考点：the author of…；between author and reader；authorship n. 著作权；co-author 合著者 3 novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. 小说 adj. 新颖的 ⚡考点：a novel by…；a novel idea 新颖的主意；novelist n. 小说家；novelty n. 新奇（事物） 4 feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ n. 特点；特征 vt. 以…为特色 ⚡考点：a key feature of；the film features sb.；featuring 以…为主打；facial features 面部特征 5 contain /kənˈteɪn/ vt. 包含；容纳；克制 ⚡考点：contain oneself 克制自己；be contained in；container n. 容器；content n. 内容 6 reflect /rɪˈflekt/ vt. 反映；反射 vi. 深思 ⚡考点：reflect on/upon 反思；be reflected in；reflection n. 反映；reflective adj. 沉思的 7 universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ adj. 普遍的；全世界的；通用的 ⚡考点：a universal truth 普遍真理；be universally accepted；universe n. 宇宙；universality n. 普遍性 8 significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的；显著的；相当数量的 ⚡考点：a significant number of；significantly adv. 显著地；significance n. 意义（be of great significance） 9 determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；查明；下决心 ⚡考点：determine to do；be determined to do；determine the cause 查明原因；determination n. 决心 10 capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的；能干的 ⚡考点：be capable of doing 能够做；a capable student；capability n. 能力；capacity n. 容量；才能 11 attempt /əˈtempt/ n./vt. 尝试；努力；企图 ⚡考点：make an attempt to do；attempt to do；in an attempt to do 为了；at the first attempt 第一次尝试就 12 accomplish /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/ vt. 完成；实现；达到 ⚡考点：accomplish a task/goal；accomplishment n. 成就；accomplished adj. 有造诣的；技艺高超的 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ n. 文学；文学作品；文献；印刷品 【核心考点】 literature是文学与阅读话题的统领词，通常为不可数名词。English/classical/modern literature（英国/古典/现代文学）；works of literature = literary works（文学作品）；a piece of literature（一部文学作品，用a piece of计量）。派生词：literary adj.（文学的）→ literary criticism（文学批评）、a literary career（文学生涯）；literate adj.（有读写能力的；有学识的）；literacy n.（读写能力）→ improve literacy（提高识字率）；illiterate adj.（文盲的）。辨析：literature（文学这一整体门类或某领域的全部文献）vs literary（形容词，与文学有关的）vs literacy（读写能力）——三词同根形近，是语法填空的经典设空点。 【词根联想】 liter/litter（拉丁语littera"字母；文字"）+ -ature（名词后缀，表整体、结果）→ 一切用文字写下来的东西→ 文学；文献。联想：liter"字母"→ letter（字母；信件）、literal（字面的）、literally（字面上地）、literacy（读写能力）、obliterate（抹去→把字擦掉）、literature（文学）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：literature n. 印刷品；宣传资料；说明材料。熟义"文学"之外，literature在广告、旅游、产品说明语境中指成套的印刷宣传品，如sales literature（销售宣传资料）、send me some literature about the course（把课程资料寄给我）。此义为不可数名词，常在阅读理解应用文中出现。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Literature allows us to live many different lives within one short lifetime."（文学让我们在短短一生中体验许多不同的人生。）（经典原句·literature 文学） 【搭配词块】 works of literature 文学作品 / English literature 英国文学 / literary adj. 文学的 / literacy n. 读写能力 2. author /ˈɔːθə(r)/ n. 作者；作家 vt. 撰写；创作 【核心考点】 author是阅读理解题干中出现频率最高的名词之一，几乎每套高考卷都会考What does the author want to tell us? / What can we infer about the author?。搭配：the author of the book（该书作者）、a best-selling author（畅销书作家）、between author and reader（在作者与读者之间）。作动词时author a book/report（撰写某书/报告），多用于正式语体；co-author v./n.（合著；合著者）；authorship n.（著作权；作者身份）。辨析：author（泛指任何文字作品的作者，最通用）vs writer（作家，强调以写作为职业）vs novelist（小说家）vs poet（诗人）vs editor（编辑）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语auctor"创始者；使生长的人"（augere"增加；使生长"）→ 使作品从无到有的人→ 作者。联想：auct/aug"增加"→ augment（增加）、auction（拍卖→价格不断加高）、authority（权威→有创制之权者）、authorize（授权）、author（作者）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：author n. 创造者；发起人 vt. 创造；引起。熟义"作者"之外，author可指某一计划、事件或思想的始作俑者，如the author of the plan（这项计划的提出者）、the author of one's own misfortune（自己不幸的制造者）。此义带有"从无到有地造出"的比喻色彩。 【真题原句】 （2020·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B篇·author表"作者"，第2段末句）"It's about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader."（阅读关乎当下，也关乎人对当下的贡献，因为阅读是作者与读者之间的一种给予与索取。）（真题原句·author 作者） 【搭配词块】 the author of… …的作者 / a best-selling author 畅销书作家 / authorship n. 著作权 / co-author 合著者 3. novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. 小说 adj. 新颖的；新奇的 【核心考点】 novel是文学话题的核心名词，同时其形容词义是高考熟词生义的常客。作名词：write/read a novel（写/读小说）、a detective novel（侦探小说）、a novel by Lu Xun（鲁迅的一部小说）。作形容词：a novel idea/approach/way（新颖的想法/方法/方式），近义于new而更强调"前所未有、别出心裁"。派生词：novelist n.（小说家）；novelty n.（新奇；新颖之物）→ the novelty wears off（新鲜感消退）；novella n.（中篇小说）。辨析：novel（长篇小说）vs story（故事，泛指）vs short story（短篇小说）vs fiction（虚构类作品的总称，不可数）vs non-fiction（非虚构作品）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语novus"新的"（意大利语novella"新故事"）→ 讲述新鲜事的长篇故事→ 小说；本义"新的"保留为形容词。联想：nov"新"→ new（新的）、renew（更新）、innovate（创新→向内造新）、innovation（创新）、renovate（翻新）、novice（新手）、novel（小说；新颖的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：novel adj. 新颖的；与众不同的。熟义名词"小说"之外，novel作形容词表示"新奇的、前所未有的"，如a novel solution to an old problem（老问题的新颖解法）、a novel experience（新奇的体验）。此义在完形填空与阅读理解中常与original、creative同义替换，是高频考点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Her first novel offered a novel way of telling an ordinary family story."（她的第一部小说用一种新颖的方式讲述了一个平凡的家庭故事。）（经典原句·novel 小说/新颖的） 【搭配词块】 read a novel 读小说 / a novel idea 新颖的主意 / novelist n. 小说家 / novelty n. 新奇；新颖 4. feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ n. 特点；特征；专题报道 vt. 以…为特色 【核心考点】 feature名动同形，说明文与广告类应用文双高频。作名词：a key/distinctive feature of（…的关键/独特特征）、safety features（安全性能）、facial features（面部五官）、a feature article（特写文章）。作动词：The film features a young actress（该片由一位年轻女演员主演）、The exhibition features 60 masterpieces（本展览以60件杰作为主打），此时主语是作品或活动，宾语是被突出展示的人或物，是阅读理解中易误解的用法。派生词：featured adj.（作为特色的）；featureless adj.（无特色的）。辨析：feature（可被观察到的显著特点）vs character（整体性格或性质）vs characteristic（典型特征，常用复数）vs quality（内在品质）。 【词根联想】 fac/fact/feat（拉丁语facere"做；造"）+ -ure（名词后缀）→ 被造出来的样子→ 相貌；特征。联想：fac/fect"做"→ factory（工厂）、manufacture（制造）、effect（效果→做出来的结果）、perfect（完美的→彻底做好）、feature（做出的样子→特征）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：feature vt. 以…为特色；由…主演；重点介绍。熟义名词"特征"之外，feature作及物动词在影视、展览、报刊语境中极常见，如The magazine features an interview with the author（该杂志重点刊登了对这位作者的专访）。识别要点：主语为作品/媒体，宾语为被展示的内容。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The new exhibition features first editions of ten famous novels."（新展览以十部名著的初版书为主打展品。）（经典原句·feature 以…为特色） 【搭配词块】 a key feature of …的关键特征 / feature sb. 由某人主演 / featuring 以…为主打 / facial features 面部特征 5. contain /kənˈteɪn/ vt. 包含；容纳；控制（情绪） 【核心考点】 contain是说明文与科普阅读的高频动词，通常不用于进行时。contain表示"内部含有（成分、内容）"，如The book contains twelve chapters（这本书含十二章）、Milk contains calcium（牛奶含钙）。派生词：container n.（容器；集装箱）；content n.（内容；目录，常用复数contents）；containment n.（遏制）。辨析：contain（整体内部含有，宾语常为全部内容物）vs include（包括其中一部分，还有其他未列出）vs hold（能装下多少，强调容量）——高考典型对比：The box contains ten books（盒里就这十本）/ The price includes tax（价格包含税，但不止税）。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，一起）+ tenere（拉丁语"держать/hold 握住；保持"）→ 把东西一起握在里面→ 容纳；包含。联想：tain/ten"держать 保持"→ maintain（维持）、obtain（获得→拿到手中）、retain（保留→往回握）、sustain（支撑）、detain（拘留）、contain（包含）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：contain vt. 抑制；克制（感情）。熟义"包含"之外，contain可表示强忍情绪，如could not contain his excitement/anger（无法抑制他的兴奋/愤怒）、contain oneself（克制自己）。此义在记叙文与完形填空中出现频率很高，与hold back、control同义。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇·contain表"包含"，首段首句）"Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common 'm' and 'a' to the rare clicks of some southern African languages."（人类语言包含2000多种不同的语音，从常见的m、a到某些非洲南部语言中罕见的搭嘴音。）（真题原句·contain 包含） 【搭配词块】 be contained in 被包含在 / contain oneself 克制自己 / container n. 容器 / contents n. 内容；目录 6. reflect /rɪˈflekt/ vt. 反映；反射 vi. 深思；反省 【核心考点】 reflect一词三义，读写双高频。①反射：The mirror reflects light（镜子反射光线）；②反映、体现：The result reflects the whole situation（结果反映了整体情况）、be reflected in（在…中得到体现，被动式高频）；③反思：reflect on/upon sth.（认真思考某事），on不可省，是写作亮点结构。派生词：reflection n.（映像；反映；沉思）→ on reflection（经过深思）、a reflection of（…的写照）；reflective adj.（沉思的；反光的）。辨析：reflect on（深思，需介词）vs consider（考虑，及物）vs think over（仔细想）vs meditate（冥想，正式）。 【词根联想】 re-（回，back）+ flectere（拉丁语"弯曲，bend"）→ 光线折回来→ 反射；引申为思绪折回自身→ 反省。联想：flect/flex"弯"→ flexible（灵活的→可弯的）、deflect（使偏斜）、inflection（曲折变化）、reflect（折回→反射；反思）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：reflect vi. 深思；反省 vt. 表明（某种情况）。熟义"反射"之外，reflect on one's mistakes（反省自己的错误）与The letter reflects his true feelings（这封信表明了他的真实感情）两种用法均为高考重点，前者不及物加on，后者及物，需据结构判断。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·reflect表"体现"，大熊猫国家公园语篇第2段）"The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems."（大熊猫国家公园的设计旨在体现保护自然生态系统原真性和完整性的指导原则。）（真题原句·reflect 体现） 【搭配词块】 reflect on 反思；深思 / be reflected in 在…中体现 / reflection n. 反映；沉思 / reflective adj. 沉思的 7. universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ adj. 普遍的；全世界的；通用的 【核心考点】 universal是议论文写作的高分形容词，用于概括全人类共有的现象。a universal truth（普遍真理）、universal values（普世价值）、universal education（普及教育）、be universal in（在…中普遍存在）；副词universally adv.（普遍地）→ be universally accepted/acknowledged（被普遍接受/公认，写作高频）。名词universe n.（宇宙）；universality n.（普遍性）。辨析：universal（放之四海皆准，范围最大）vs general（一般的；总体的，允许例外）vs common（常见的，强调出现频率高）vs global（全球范围的，强调地理覆盖）。 【词根联想】 uni-（一，one）+ vers/vert（拉丁语"转，turn"）+ -al → 转成一个整体的→ 全体的；普遍的。联想：uni"一"→ unite（联合）、unity（统一）、uniform（制服→形式统一）、unique（独一无二的）；vers"转"→ reverse（倒转）、convert（转化）、universe（宇宙→转成一体）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Great stories deal with universal feelings such as love, fear and hope."（伟大的故事书写的是爱、恐惧与希望这类普遍的情感。）（经典原句·universal 普遍的） 【搭配词块】 a universal truth 普遍真理 / be universally accepted 被普遍接受 / universe n. 宇宙 / universality n. 普遍性 8. significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的；显著的；相当数量的 【核心考点】 significant是高考阅读与写作的核心形容词，三义都需掌握：①重要的（play a significant role in）；②显著的、明显的（a significant improvement/difference）；③相当数量的（a significant number/amount of，等于quite a lot of，语法填空与阅读高频）。副词significantly adv.（显著地；意味深长地）→ significantly improve（显著改善）；名词significance n.（重要性；意义）→ be of great significance to（对…意义重大，写作亮点）；动词signify v.（表示；意味着）。辨析：significant（重要且值得注意，可量化）vs important（重要，最通用）vs vital/crucial（至关重要，程度更强）vs considerable（数量可观）。 【词根联想】 sign（记号，标记）+ fic（做）+ -ant（形容词后缀）→ 做出了标记的→ 值得标记出来的→ 重要的。联想：sign"记号"→ signal（信号）、signature（签名）、design（设计→画出记号）、assign（分配）、signify（表明）、significance（重要性）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：significant adj. 相当数量的；意味深长的。熟义"重要的"之外，a significant number/proportion of（相当多的…）是数据类说明文的固定表达；另有a significant look/smile（意味深长的眼神/微笑），表示暗含深意，两义均为高考考查重点。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·significant表"相当数量的"，大熊猫国家公园语篇第1段）"The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected."（该计划将把保护范围扩大到此前未受保护的大量区域。）（真题原句·significant 相当数量的） 【搭配词块】 a significant number of 相当多的 / significantly adv. 显著地 / be of great significance 意义重大 / signify v. 表明 9. determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ vt. 决定；查明；下决心 【核心考点】 determine一词三义，语法填空与阅读双高频。①决定、支配：Your attitude determines your future；②查明、测定：determine the cause of the fire（查明火灾原因）、determine the age of the rock（测定岩石年代）；③下决心：determine to do sth.（表动作，一次性决定）、be determined to do sth.（表状态，决心已定，高考更常考）。名词determination n.（决心；测定）→ with great determination；形容词determined adj.（坚决的）。辨析：determine（客观上决定或主观下决心）vs decide（作出选择，最通用）vs conclude（推断得出结论）vs resolve（下定决心，正式）。 【词根联想】 de-（完全地，彻底）+ terminus（拉丁语"界限；终点"）→ 把界限彻底划定→ 决定；确定。联想：termin"界限；终点"→ terminal（终点站）、terminate（终止）、term（学期→有起止界限的时段）、exterminate（消灭）、determine（划定界限→决定）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：determine vt. 左右；直接影响；查明。熟义"下决心"之外，determine作及物动词表示某因素对结果起决定性作用（相当于decide/influence），或通过调查测定得出结论，此义在议论文与科普说明文中出现极多，是高考熟词生义榜的常客。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇·determine表"决定/左右"，末段末句）"And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius."（我们看得越多，就越会发现性别、种族、阶级这类社会因素并不能决定天才的出现。）（真题原句·determine 决定/左右） 【搭配词块】 be determined to do 决心做 / determine to do 决定做 / determination n. 决心 / determine the cause 查明原因 10. capable /ˈkeɪpəbl/ adj. 有能力的；能干的；可能的 【核心考点】 capable是能力话题的核心形容词，最重要的结构是be capable of doing sth.（能够做某事，of后必须接动名词或名词，不可接不定式），与be able to do sth.形成高考经典对比。作定语时表示"能干的、称职的"，如a capable teacher（一位能干的老师）。名词capability n.（能力；性能）；capacity n.（容量；接受能力）→ a seating capacity of 500；反义词incapable adj.（无能力的）→ be incapable of。辨析：be capable of doing（具备做某事的潜在能力或可能性）vs be able to do（具体某次能够做成）vs competent（胜任的，多用于工作）。 【词根联想】 cap/cip/cept（拉丁语capere"拿；抓住；容纳"）+ -able（能…的）→ 能装得下、能拿得起的→ 有能力的。联想：cap"拿"→ capture（捕获）、capacity（容量）、accept（接受→向自己拿）、receive（收到）、except（除外→拿出去）、capable（有能力的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：capable adj. 有可能做出（坏事）的。熟义"有能力的"之外，be capable of还可表示"（在特定情况下）可能会做出某种（通常是不好的）事"，如He is capable of telling a lie to escape blame（为逃避责备他可能会说谎）。此义带贬义色彩，需据语境判断。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A few honest lines are capable of changing a young reader's mind."（寥寥几行真诚的文字就能够改变一位年轻读者的想法。）（经典原句·capable 有能力的） 【搭配词块】 be capable of doing 能够做 / a capable student 能干的学生 / capability n. 能力 / incapable adj. 无能力的 11. attempt /əˈtempt/ n. 尝试；努力 vt. 尝试；试图 【核心考点】 attempt名动同形，是记叙文与议论文的高频词。作名词：make an attempt to do sth. = make an attempt at doing sth.（尝试做某事）、at the first attempt（第一次尝试就）、in an attempt to do sth.（为了做某事，目的状语，写作亮点）；作动词：attempt to do sth.（试图做某事，后接不定式，不接doing）。派生词：attempted adj.（未遂的）→ attempted murder。辨析：attempt（正式，强调努力尝试，可能失败）vs try（最通用口语词，try to do试图做/try doing试着做）vs seek to do（谋求，书面）vs strive to do（力争，强调艰苦努力）。 【词根联想】 at-/ad-（朝向，to）+ temptare（拉丁语"试探；尝试"）→ 朝着目标去试探→ 尝试。联想：tempt"试探"→ tempt（引诱→试探人心）、temptation（诱惑）、tentative（试探性的）、attempt（尝试）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：attempt n. 袭击；行刺（企图）。熟义"尝试"之外，an attempt on sb.'s life意为"对某人的行刺企图"，多见于新闻报道类阅读，如survive an attempt on his life（在行刺中幸免于难）。此义搭配固定，须整体记忆。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"He made his first attempt at writing a short story last winter."（去年冬天他第一次尝试写短篇小说。）（经典原句·attempt 尝试） 【搭配词块】 make an attempt to do 尝试做 / attempt to do 试图做 / in an attempt to 为了 / at the first attempt 一次就成功 12. accomplish /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/ vt. 完成；实现；达到（目标） 【核心考点】 accomplish是目标与成就话题的高分动词，宾语多为task、goal、mission、aim等抽象名词，不能接book、house等具体事物。accomplish a task/goal/mission（完成任务/实现目标/完成使命）；accomplish little/nothing（收效甚微/一事无成）。名词accomplishment n.（成就；完成）→ a sense of accomplishment（成就感，写作高频）；形容词accomplished adj.（技艺高超的；有造诣的）→ an accomplished pianist。辨析：accomplish（成功完成有难度的目标，含成就感）vs finish（结束，最通用）vs complete（使完整、全部做完）vs achieve（取得成绩、荣誉或地位，宾语多为success、fame）。 【词根联想】 ac-/ad-（朝向）+ com-（完全）+ plere（拉丁语"填满，fill"）→ 朝着目标彻底填满→ 完成；实现。联想：ple/pli"满"→ complete（完整的）、complement（补足物）、plenty（充足）、supply（供给→往上填）、implement（实施）、accomplish（完成）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"If you read ten pages a day, you will accomplish something great in a year."（如果每天读十页，一年之后你就会完成一件了不起的事。）（经典原句·accomplish 完成） 【搭配词块】 accomplish a task 完成任务 / accomplishment n. 成就 / a sense of accomplishment 成就感 / accomplished adj. 有造诣的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 literature literary (adj.) literate (adj.) literacy (n.) works of literature / literary works author authorship (n.) co-author (n.) authored (v.) the author of / between author and reader novel novelist (n.) novelty (n.) novella (n.) read a novel / a novel idea feature featured (adj.) featuring (v.) featureless (adj.) a key feature of / feature sb. contain container (n.) contents (n.) containment (n.) be contained in / contain oneself reflect reflection (n.) reflective (adj.) reflector (n.) reflect on / be reflected in universal universally (adv.) universe (n.) universality (n.) a universal truth / be universally accepted significant significantly (adv.) significance (n.) signify (v.) a significant number of / be of great significance determine determined (adj.) determination (n.) determiner (n.) be determined to do / determine the cause capable capability (n.) capably (adv.) incapable (adj.) be capable of doing / a capable student attempt attempted (adj.) attempting (v.) --- make an attempt to do / attempt to do accomplish accomplishment (n.) accomplished (adj.) --- accomplish a task / a sense of accomplishment Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021全国甲卷·阅读D篇·改编）Social factors such as gender, race and class do not __________ (determination) the appearance of genius. 2.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·改编）The plan will extend protection to a __________ (significance) number of areas that were previously unprotected. 3.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·改编）The national park is designed to __________ (reflection) the guiding principle of protecting natural ecosystems. 4.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读D篇·改编）Human speech __________ (containing) more than 2,000 different sounds, some of which are very rare. 5.（2020全国Ⅰ卷·阅读B篇·改编）Reading is a give and take between the __________ (authorship) and the reader, and each has to pull their own weight. 6.（2026山东济南•模拟）She is now studying English __________ (literary) at a university in the north of the country. 7.（2026广东广州•模拟）The young writer came up with a rather __________ (novelist) way of ending his story. 8.（2026浙江杭州•模拟）The exhibition, __________ (features) rare first editions of famous novels, opens to the public on Monday. 9.（2026江苏南京•模拟）Love, fear and hope are __________ (universe) feelings that readers of every age understand. 10.（2026四川成都•模拟）A few honest lines in a poem are __________ (capability) of changing a young reader's mind. 11.（2026河南郑州•模拟）She made several __________ (attempting) to finish the last chapter before the deadline. 12.（2026湖北武汉•模拟）With everyone's help, we managed to __________ (accomplishment) the reading task ahead of time. 13.（2026福建福州•模拟）Winning the national prize was a great __________ (accomplished) for the young author. 14.（2026湖南长沙•模拟）Nothing could shake his __________ (determined) to become a writer of children's stories. 15.（2026陕西西安•模拟）Great stories are __________ (universality) loved by readers of every country and every age. 【答案】 1. determine 2. significant 3. reflect 4. contains 5. author 6. literature 7. novel 8. featuring 9. universal 10. capable 11. attempts 12. accomplish 13. accomplishment 14. determination 15. universally 【逐题解析】 1. determine — 提示词determination（名词）需转动词原形。助动词do not后接动词原形，此处意为"决定；左右"。 2. significant — 提示词significance（名词）需转形容词修饰number。a significant number of意为"相当多的"。 3. reflect — 提示词reflection（名词）需转动词原形。be designed to do结构中to后接动词原形，意为"体现"。 4. contains — 提示词containing（现在分词）需转谓语动词。主语Human speech为第三人称单数，一般现在时。 5. author — 提示词authorship（名词）需转为表示人的名词。the author and the reader为并列成分，指作者。 6. literature — 提示词literary（形容词）需转名词作宾语。English literature意为"英国文学"，不可数。 7. novel — 提示词novelist（名词）需转形容词作定语。a novel way意为"一种新颖的方式"，熟词生义。 8. featuring — 提示词features（谓语形式）需转现在分词作后置定语，主动关系，意为"以…为主打"。 9. universal — 提示词universe（名词）需转形容词修饰feelings，意为"普遍的、人人都有的"情感。 10. capable — 提示词capability（名词）需转形容词。be capable of doing sth.意为"能够做某事"。 11. attempts — 提示词attempting（分词）需转名词复数。several后接可数名词复数，make attempts to do。 12. accomplish — 提示词accomplishment（名词）需转动词原形。manage to do结构中to后接动词原形。 13. accomplishment — 提示词accomplished（形容词）需转名词。a great accomplishment意为"一项大成就"。 14. determination — 提示词determined（形容词）需转名词作宾语。his determination to do意为"他的决心"。 15. universally — 提示词universality（名词）需转副词修饰过去分词loved，意为"被普遍地喜爱"。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 很多同学起初并不喜欢__________（文学），觉得一本__________（小说）不过是用来打发时间的东西，而写书的那位__________（作者）离自己非常遥远。 其实一个好故事未必__________（以…为特色）惊天动地的英雄，短短几页里却常常__________（包含）比字面多得多的意思，也真实地__________（反映）着我们的生活。 书中那些__________（普遍的）情感——爱、怕、盼望与失去——才是它最__________（重要的）的部分，它们悄悄__________（决定）着我们日后不断追问的问题。哪怕你每天只__________（有能力的）读完几章，也不妨做一次写作的__________（尝试）；坚持一年，你一定能__________（完成）一件安静而了不起的事。 【答案】 literature; novel; author; feature; contain; reflect; universal; significant; determine; capable; attempt; accomplish Part 7 关联阅读 Wu Jing had never thought of himself as a lover of literature. Books, he believed, were for people who had nothing better to do with a free afternoon. Then, on a rainy Friday in October, his teacher handed him a thin novel about an old fisherman who fought the sea alone for three long days. The story did not feature heroes with special powers, and its plain sentences seemed to contain nothing remarkable at all. Yet by the last page Wu Jing was sitting very still, unwilling to close the little book. What exactly had happened to him? He could not explain it at first. The next morning he asked his teacher why a simple story about failure had moved him so deeply. She smiled and said that great writing reflects the universal experience of being human: we all lose something we love, and we all keep trying anyway. A significant book, she added, never tells you what to think. It quietly determines the questions you will carry with you for years. From that day on Wu Jing joined the school reading club. Every Wednesday afternoon twelve students sat in a small room and argued about characters as if they were neighbours living next door. Some members preferred poetry; others were only capable of finishing two short chapters before falling asleep. Nobody minded. The rule of the club was simple: read honestly, speak honestly. Wu Jing soon discovered that hearing another reader's view could completely change his understanding of a page he thought he already knew. By the end of the term he had made his first attempt at writing. It was a two-page story about his grandfather's old bicycle, and it was, he admitted with a laugh, terrible. His teacher read it twice and told him that every author begins exactly there. What matters is not the first draft but the courage to sit down and write a second one. Wu Jing did not accomplish anything remarkable that year, yet he had learned the lesson that literature teaches best: reading widens the world, and writing helps us understand the small part of it that belongs to us. 1. What did Wu Jing think of books before that rainy Friday? A. He believed reading was a good way to spend a free afternoon. B. He thought only teachers could really understand serious novels. C. He considered books something for people with nothing better to do. D. He had already read several famous novels about the sea and fishermen. 2. According to the teacher, why did the fisherman's story move Wu Jing so deeply? A. It reflects the universal experience of losing and still trying again. B. It describes a brave hero who finally wins his fight against the sea. C. It contains beautiful sentences that every reader remembers at once. D. It was written by an author whom Wu Jing had admired for a long time. 3. What can we learn about the school reading club? A. All of its members were excellent students of English literature. B. It required every member to finish one whole novel each week. C. The teacher decided which book the members had to discuss. D. Its members shared honest opinions and learned from one another. 4. What did Wu Jing gain by the end of the term? A. A prize for the best short story written by a student that year. B. An understanding that good writing takes courage and practice. C. The ability to finish a long novel in one single quiet evening. D. A promise from his teacher to help publish his first short story. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 第1题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段第一、二句Wu Jing had never thought of himself as a lover of literature. Books, he believed, were for people who had nothing better to do直接点明他此前对书籍的轻视态度，选项C是对该句的准确同义转述。A项把"无事可做才读书"曲解为"读书是消磨午后的好方式"，态度由贬变褒；B项"只有老师才懂小说"文中毫无依据，属无中生有；D项与"从不认为自己爱文学"的叙述相矛盾，更谈不上早已读过多部海洋小说。 第2题（细节理解题·高考高频）：第二段老师的答话great writing reflects the universal experience of being human: we all lose something we love, and we all keep trying anyway用reflect与universal两个目标词点出打动他的根本原因——故事写出了人类共有的"失去却仍旧坚持"的经验，选项A与之逐层对应。B项与老师所说的"关于失败的简单故事"直接冲突，老渔夫并未取胜；C项原文明确说its plain sentences（平实的句子），并非辞藻优美；D项"早已仰慕的作者"纯属捏造。 第3题（推理判断题·高考核心）：第三段用twelve students sat in a small room and argued about characters、The rule of the club was simple: read honestly, speak honestly以及末句hearing another reader's view could completely change his understanding三处信息共同说明：社团贵在真诚表达、彼此启发，故选D。A项被others were only capable of finishing two short chapters before falling asleep否定，成员水平参差；B项"每周读完一整本小说"文中并无此规定；C项读什么由老师决定同样属于无中生有。 第4题（推理判断题·高考压轴）：末段先写他made his first attempt at writing，接着老师指出every author begins exactly there，并强调What matters is not the first draft but the courage to sit down and write a second one，最后以did not accomplish anything remarkable收束，可见他这一年真正的收获是懂得了写作需要勇气与反复练习，故选B。A项获奖、D项老师承诺帮忙出版均为文中未提；C项"一晚读完长篇"与他仍在起步的状态不符。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：literature, author, novel, feature, contain, reflect, universal, significant, determine, capable, attempt, accomplish Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. literature — __________ 2. author — __________ 3. novel — __________ 4. feature — __________ 5. contain — __________ 6. reflect — __________ 7. universal — __________ 8. significant — __________ 9. determine — __________ 10. capable — __________ 11. attempt — __________ 12. accomplish — __________ 13. literary — __________ 14. novelist — __________ 15. reflection — __________ 16. significance — __________ 17. determination — __________ 18. accomplishment — __________ 19. be capable of doing — __________ 20. make an attempt to do — __________ 【参考答案】 1. 文学；文学作品；文献 2. 作者；作家；撰写 3. 小说；新颖的 4. 特点；以…为特色 5. 包含；容纳；克制 6. 反映；反射；深思 7. 普遍的；全世界的 8. 重要的；相当数量的 9. 决定；查明；下决心 10. 有能力的；能干的 11. 尝试；努力；试图 12. 完成；实现；达到 13. 文学的（形容词） 14. 小说家（名词） 15. 反映；沉思（名词） 16. 重要性；意义（名词） 17. 决心；测定（名词） 18. 成就；完成（名词） 19. 能够做某事（短语） 20. 尝试做某事（短语） Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. Our teacher asked us to read more works of writing from other countries. → Our teacher asked us to read more __________ from other countries. 2. Behind every great story there is a writer who chooses each word with care. → Behind every great story there is an __________ who chooses each word with care. 3. He finished a long story book about an old fisherman in only two evenings. → He finished a __________ about an old fisherman in only two evenings. 4. The new exhibition has as its main attraction the first editions of famous books. → The new exhibition __________ the first editions of famous books. 5. This thin little book includes far more useful advice than many thick ones do. → This thin little book __________ far more useful advice than many thick ones do. 6. A good story truly shows the real life of ordinary people around us. → A good story truly __________ the real life of ordinary people around us. 7. Love and loss are feelings shared by everyone in every country and every age. → Love and loss are __________ feelings in every country and every age. 8. That single quiet scene is very important to the meaning of the whole novel. → That single quiet scene is __________ to the meaning of the whole novel. 9. A student's family background does not decide whether he will love reading. → A student's family background does not __________ whether he will love reading. 10. A few honest lines in a poem are able to change a young reader's mind. → A few honest lines in a poem are __________ changing a young reader's mind. 11. She made her first try at writing a short story last cold winter. → She made her first __________ at writing a short story last cold winter. 12. If you keep reading every day, you will finish something great in one year. → If you keep reading every day, you will __________ something great in one year. 【答案】 1. literature 2. author 3. novel 4. features 5. contains 6. reflects 7. universal 8. significant 9. determine 10. capable of 11. attempt 12. accomplish Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：literature → author → novel → feature → contain → reflect → universal → significant → determine → capable → attempt → accomplish 复述模板（填空）： __________（文学）是一扇通向他人生命的门；每一部__________（小说）背后，都站着一位字斟句酌的__________（作者）。 好故事未必__________（以…为特色）惊天动地的英雄，安静的篇章里却__________（包含）着更多东西，也真实地__________（反映）着生活。 书里那些__________（普遍的）情感是最__________（重要的）的部分，它们悄悄__________（决定）着我们日后追问的问题；哪怕你只__________（有能力的）每天读几章，也要做一次写作的__________（尝试），一年之后你必能__________（完成）一件了不起的小事。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：literature; novel; author; feature; contain; reflect; universal; significant; determine; capable; attempt; accomplish 复述模板参考版本： Literature is a door that opens onto other lives. Behind every good novel there stands an author who chooses each word with care. A story may not feature a great hero, yet its quiet pages contain far more than they seem to say and truly reflect our daily life. The universal feelings inside a book — love, fear, hope and loss — are its most significant part, and they quietly determine the questions we keep asking for years. Even if you are only capable of reading a few chapters a day, make one small attempt at writing, and in a year you will accomplish something you can be proud of. $