Unit 1 Period 3 Grammar and usage（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第二册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

Unit 1 Lights，camera，action！

Period 3　Grammar and usage—Subject-verb agreement

认真阅读以下短文，思考主语与谓语在数上的关系，并归纳填空。

①Everyone was surprised when Disney said ②its film team members were remaking The Jungle Book.Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book of the same title，it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.③Mowgli and his animal friends live happily in the jungle until one day Shere Khan the tiger returns and tries to drive him out of the jungle.In 1967，Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film，which is widely regarded as a classic.However，④its old age shows.⑤The new film uses much more advanced technology—⑥not only the animals but also the jungle is digitally created.⑦Building the jungle environment on the computer was no easy job.It took more than 800 artists over a year to work on the project.⑧The Jungle Book lasts for about two hours but ⑨there is enough tension and humour to hold your attention during the whole film.⑩Two hours seems very short when you’re having so much fun!

[自主发现]

1．根据语法一致原则来判断谓语动词的单复数的有句①②③④⑤⑦⑧。

2．根据意义一致原则来判断谓语动词的单复数的有句⑩。

3．根据就近一致原则来判断谓语动词的单复数的有句⑥⑨。

主谓一致

主谓一致是指句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化。

英语中的主谓一致常见的有下列几种情况：

一、语法一致原则

语法一致原则是指主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。

1．主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。

The results of the exam are to be announced soon.

考试结果将很快被公布。

Although the film is a comedy，it also has some tragedy，reflecting Chaplin’s own life.

虽然这部电影是一部喜剧，但它也有一些悲惨，反映了卓别林自己的生活。

2．动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

Reading various books is good for us to learn more knowledge.

阅读各类书籍有利于我们学习更多知识。

To see is to believe.眼见为实。

When we can go out freely has not been decided yet.

我们什么时候能自由出行还未决定。

3．复合不定代词anyone，somebody，everything，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

She says everything is going smoothly.

她说一切进展顺利。

4．“many a＋单数名词/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Many a student is familiar with the song.

很多学生熟悉这首歌。

More than one student wants to join the army.

不止一个学生想参军。

二、意义一致原则

意义一致原则是指“形单意复”的名词或“形复意单”的名词要根据其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。

1．当people，police，cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。

The people I met there were very friendly.

我在那里遇到的人很友善。

2．表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

Two miles is too far for the child.

两英里路程对这个小孩来说太远了。

Twenty years is a short time in the long course of history.

二十年在历史长河中是个很短的时间。

3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

The injured were rescued and the dead were buried.

伤者被解救出来，死者被埋葬。

4．表示某国人总称的词，如：the Chinese，the British等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The British are known as a nation of dog lovers.

英国人以爱狗著称。

5．以-s结尾但意义为单数的news，maths，physics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Politics is a difficult subject for many students.

对许多学生来说，政治是一门很难的学科。

The news that he passed the test is exciting.

他通过测试的消息激动人心。

6．单复数同形的词sheep，deer，means等作主语时，谓语动词单复数与实际意义一致。

Three sheep are eating grass there.

三只羊正在那里吃草。

A sheep is lying there.

一只羊正躺在那里。

Not every means is useful.并非每一种方法都有用。

Not all means are useful.并非所有方法都有用。

三、就近一致原则

就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。

1．由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，其谓语动词的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。

Either you or he is to blame for the failure of the project.

不是你就是他应该为项目的失败负责。

Not you but I am responsible for the delay.

不是你而是我应对这次的延误负责。

2．在there be/here be句型中，谓语动词的数应与最近的一个主语保持一致。

There is an apple and two oranges in the basket.篮子里有一个苹果和两个橘子。

四、主谓一致的几个难点

1．并列主语的主谓一致

(1)两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。

Steam and ice are different forms of water.

水蒸气和冰是水的不同形式。

(2)两个单数名词用and 连接，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数。

The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.

那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。

A knife and fork is easy for English people.

一副刀叉对于英国人来说是容易的。

(3)两个并列的名词前有each，every，no，many a等修饰限定时，谓语动词一般用单数。

Each student and each teacher was given a ticket.

每个学生和老师都领到了一张票。