专题04 Unit 4 Sharing-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语人教版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦privilege、disabled等10个高考高频知识点，以“语境串记语篇”构建记忆链，通过知识点列表、词根拆解、词性变化总表系统梳理词形、词义及高考考点，引导学生在任务驱动中自主关联词汇用法与语境，形成结构化知识网络。 亮点在于自主学习支持与个性化复习设计，如“语境复现语法填空”“知识点默写”“自我检测复述模板”等活动，培养学生语言能力与学习能力，助力自主诊断薄弱环节。教师可依托学情数据精准指导，实现因材施教，有效提升备考实效。

专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（人教版2019） 高考高频知识点：privilege / disabled / resign / deserve / grant / contract / input / stability / criterion / pray （知识点来源：选择性必修四 Unit 4 · Sharing + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 6 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 7 【练习题】 7 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 8 【练习题】 8 Part 7 关联阅读 9 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 10 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Volunteering in a remote village of Papua New Guinea is a great (privilege). The local school serves many (disabled) children who lack proper resources. After her first visit, the teacher felt she must (resign) from her comfortable city job to help them. These children (deserve) our respect and support. The government (granted) the school a small fund, but the (contract) with the supplier was unstable. With limited (input) from outside, the team worked hard to keep emotional (stability). Meeting every (criterion) for good care, they (prayed) that more helpers would come. 【中文译文】 在巴布亚新几内亚的一个偏远村庄支教是一种莫大的（privilege）荣幸。当地学校里有许多（disabled）残疾的孩子，他们缺少应有的资源。第一次探访之后，这位老师觉得自己必须从舒适的城市工作岗位上（resign）辞职，去帮助他们。这些孩子（deserve）值得我们的尊重与支持。 政府（granted）拨给学校一小笔资金，但与供应商的（contract）合同并不稳定。在外界（input）投入有限的情况下，团队努力保持情绪的（stability）稳定。在满足每一条关爱（criterion）标准之后，他们（prayed）祈祷会有更多帮手到来。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：支教是荣幸→残疾儿童缺资源→辞去城市工作→孩子值得尊重→政府拨款→供应合同不稳→外界投入有限→保持情绪稳定→满足关爱标准→祈祷更多帮手 记忆链：privilege → disabled → resign → deserve → grant → contract → input → stability → criterion → pray Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ n. 特权；荣幸 vt. 给予特权 ⚡考点：enjoy the privilege of；a great privilege；privileged adj.；underprivileged adj. 2 disabled /dɪsˈeɪbld/ adj. 残疾的；有缺陷的 ⚡考点：disabled people；the disabled（一类人）；disability n.；disable v. 3 resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ vi./vt. 辞职；放弃 ⚡考点：resign from；resign as；resign oneself to；resignation n.；resigned adj. 4 deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ vt. 应受；值得 ⚡考点：deserve praise/respect；deserve to do；deserve doing（主动表被动）；deserving adj. 5 grant /ɡrɑːnt/ vt. 授予；同意 n. 补助金 ⚡考点：take...for granted；take it for granted that；grant sb. sth.；grant a request 6 contract /ˈkɒntrækt/ n. /kənˈtrækt/ v. n. 合同 v. 签合同；收缩 ⚡考点：sign/breach a contract；under contract；contractual adj.；contractor n. 7 input /ˈɪnpʊt/ n. 投入；输入 vt. 输入 ⚡考点：provide input；input data；the input of；反义 output n. 产出 8 stability /stəˈbɪləti/ n. 稳定；稳定性 ⚡考点：emotional/financial stability；maintain stability；stable adj.；stabilize v. 9 criterion /kraɪˈtɪəriən/ n. 标准；准则 ⚡考点：复数criteria；meet the criterion/criteria；by this criterion；critical adj. 10 pray /preɪ/ vi./vt. 祈祷；祈求 ⚡考点：pray for；pray that...；pray to God；prayer n. /preə(r)/ 祷告 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ n. 特权；荣幸 vt. 给予特权 【核心考点】 privilege是权利与荣幸类核心名词，志愿服务和社会话题必备。enjoy the privilege of doing（享有做…的特权/荣幸）为高频搭配；It is a privilege to do sth.（做某事是一种荣幸）为写作亮点句型；a great privilege（莫大的荣幸）常用于感谢信和演讲稿。privileged adj.（享有特权的/感到荣幸的）→ be privileged to do（有幸做…）；underprivileged adj.（贫困的/弱势的）→ underprivileged children（弱势儿童）。辨析：privilege（特别给予少数人的权利或难得的荣幸）vs right（人人生而应有的权利）vs honour（荣誉/敬意）。 【词根联想】 privi-（私人的，源自拉丁语privus"个人的"）+ leg（法律，源自拉丁语lex/legis）+ -e → 只针对个人的法律→ 特权。联想：privilege = "私人（privi）的法律（leg）"→ 只给个别人的规则→ 特权/殊荣。同词根：private（私人的）、privacy（隐私）、legal（法律的）、legislation（立法）、legitimate（合法的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：privilege vt. 给予特权；特别优待。例："The new admission policy privileges students from rural areas, giving them extra points in the entrance examination."（新的招生政策优待农村学生，在入学考试中给他们加分。）由名词"特权"直接转类为动词"给予特权/优待"，多用于正式书面语。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"It is a great privilege for me to work with these village children, and I have learned far more from them than they have ever learned from me."（能与这些乡村孩子共事对我来说是莫大的荣幸，我从他们身上学到的远多于他们从我身上学到的。）（privilege 表"荣幸"；It is a privilege for sb. to do 句型） 【搭配词块】 enjoy the privilege of 享有…的特权 / a great privilege 莫大的荣幸 / privileged adj. 享有特权的 / be privileged to do 有幸做… / underprivileged adj. 弱势的 2. disabled /dɪsˈeɪbld/ adj. 残疾的；有缺陷的 【核心考点】 disabled是身心障碍类核心形容词，社会关爱和公益话题必备。disabled people（残疾人）为阅读高频表达；the disabled（残疾人这一群体）体现"the + 形容词表一类人"的语法考点，作主语时谓语用复数；physically/mentally disabled（身体/智力残疾的）为常见修饰组合。disability n.（残疾/障碍）→ learning disability（学习障碍）、people with disabilities（残障人士，更礼貌的说法）；disable v.（使丧失能力/使残疾）。辨析：disabled（正式且被广泛接受）vs handicapped（旧式说法，今多回避）vs impaired（受损的，如visually impaired 视力受损的）。 【词根联想】 dis-（否定/去除）+ able（能够的）+ -ed（形容词后缀）→ 被去掉了能力的→ 残疾的。联想：dis + able = "不能"→ disabled（失能的/残疾的）。同族词：ability（能力）、disability（残疾）、enable（使能够）、unable（不能的）、ableism（对残障者的歧视）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【真题原句】（2020·全国卷I·完形填空·disabled表"残疾的"）"I went to a group activity, 'Sensitivity Sunday', which was to make us more aware of the problems faced by disabled people."（我参加了一个名为"敏感星期日"的集体活动，其目的是让我们更加了解残疾人所面临的问题。） 【搭配词块】 disabled people 残疾人 / the disabled 残疾人群体 / disability n. 残疾 / disable v. 使丧失能力 / physically disabled 身体残疾的 3. resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ vi./vt. 辞职；放弃 【核心考点】 resign是职业选择类核心动词，人物记叙文和议论文必备。resign from（从某机构或职位辞职）后接机构或职位；resign as（辞去…职务）后接头衔，如resign as chairman；resign oneself to（听任/顺从于），其中to为介词，后接名词或动名词。resignation n.（辞职/辞呈/顺从）→ hand in one's resignation（递交辞呈）；resigned adj.（顺从的/无奈的）→ be resigned to one's fate（认命）。辨析：resign（主动请辞，正式）vs quit（口语化的辞职/停止）vs retire（到龄退休）vs step down（下台/让位）。 【词根联想】 re-（回/back）+ sign（签署，源自拉丁语signare"标记/签名"）→ 把当初签下的字收回→ 撤回承诺→ 辞职。联想：resign = "重新（re）签（sign）"→ 反签一次即撤销→ 辞职/放弃。同词根：sign（签名/标志）、signature（签名）、design（设计→标示出来）、assign（指派→标定给谁）、signal（信号）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"She finally decided to resign from her well-paid position at the bank in order to teach in a remote mountain village."（她最终决定辞去银行的高薪职位，去一个偏远山村教书。）（resign from 从…辞职；in order to 表目的） 【搭配词块】 resign from 从…辞职 / resign as 辞去…职务 / resignation n. 辞职/辞呈 / resigned adj. 顺从的 / resign oneself to 听任于 4. deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ vt. 应受；值得 【核心考点】 deserve是评价与回报类核心动词，议论文和读后续写必备。deserve praise/respect/attention（值得赞扬/尊重/关注）为高频搭配；deserve to do sth.（应该做某事/理应得到）；deserve doing = deserve to be done（值得被…，动名词主动形式表被动，与need/want/require用法一致）为高考语法考点；well deserve（完全应得）中well作程度状语。deserving adj.（值得帮助的/应得的）→ a deserving cause（值得支持的事业）；deservedly adv.（应得地/理所当然地）。辨析：deserve（应得，可褒可贬）vs merit（值得，正式且偏褒义）vs be worthy of（配得上）。 【词根联想】 de-（完全地，强调）+ serve（服务，源自拉丁语servire"服侍"）→ 完全地服务过→ 理应得到回报→ 应受/值得。联想：deserve = "彻底地（de）服务（serve）过"→ 该拿到回报了。同词根：serve（服务）、service（服务）、servant（仆人）、deservedly（应得地）、subservient（屈从的）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【真题原句】（2021·全国甲卷·完形填空·deserve表"应受"）"It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada."（正是那些海边的鸟儿，至少应为尼克·伯奇尔被加拿大维多利亚费尔蒙皇后酒店列入黑名单一事承担部分责任。） 【搭配词块】 deserve praise 值得赞扬 / deserve respect 值得尊重 / well deserve 完全应得 / deserving adj. 值得帮助的 / deserve to do 理应做… 5. grant /ɡrɑːnt/ vt. 授予；同意 n. 补助金 【核心考点】 grant是给予与许可类核心词，兼具动词和名词用法。take...for granted（认为…理所当然）中granted为过去分词作宾语补足语，是高考高频考点；take it for granted that...（想当然地认为…）中it作形式宾语，that从句为真正宾语；grant sb. sth. = grant sth. to sb.（授予某人某物）为双宾结构；grant a request/wish（同意请求/满足愿望）；granted/granting that...（即使/纵然）引导让步状语；名词义a research grant（研究补助金）、a government grant（政府拨款）。辨析：grant（正式地准予/拨给）vs award（评定后颁发）vs offer（主动提供）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语credentem"相信/托付"→ 古法语graanter"承诺/答应"→ grant（同意/授予）。联想：grant = "答应给出去"→ 准予/授予；名词义"补助金"即官方"答应给"的钱。同族词：granted（公认的/假定的）、grantee（受让人）、grantor（授予人）、guarantee（保证→同源的承诺）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"The local council granted the village school a modest fund, but the money was far from enough to rebuild all the classrooms."（当地议会拨给这所乡村学校一笔小额资金，但这笔钱远不足以重建所有教室。）（grant sb. sth. 授予某人某物，双宾语结构） 【搭配词块】 take...for granted 认为…理所当然 / grant a request 同意请求 / granted adj. 公认的 / grant sb. sth. 授予某人某物 / a research grant 研究补助金 6. contract /ˈkɒntrækt/ n. /kənˈtrækt/ v. n. 合同 v. 签合同；收缩 【核心考点】 contract是商务与法律类核心词，应用文和说明文必备。sign a contract（签订合同）、breach/break a contract（违约）、under contract（签有合约的）、a three-year contract（一份三年期合同）均为高频搭配；contract with sb.（与某人签约）。重音位置是高考语音考点：名词重音在前ˈcontract，动词重音在后conˈtract。contractual adj.（合同的/契约的）→ contractual obligations（合同义务）；contractor n.（承包商）；contraction n.（收缩）。辨析：contract（具法律效力的合同）vs agreement（协议，范围更广、可非正式）vs treaty（国家间条约）。 【词根联想】 con-（一起）+ tract（拉，源自拉丁语trahere"拉/拖"）→ 把双方拉到一起→ 订立合同；把物体各部分拉紧→ 收缩。联想：contract = "一起（con）拉（tract）"→ 双方拉到一张桌子上签字→ 合同。同词根：attract（吸引→拉向）、extract（提取→拉出）、subtract（减去→拉走）、tractor（拖拉机）、abstract（抽象的→抽离出来的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：contract v. 收缩；感染（疾病）。例："Metal contracts as it cools, which is exactly why the long bridge was designed with small gaps between its sections."（金属冷却时会收缩，这正是这座长桥的各段之间设计有小缝隙的原因。）由"一起拉紧（con+tract）"引申出"收缩"，进而引申出"染上（疾病）"，如contract a serious illness。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"Before the building work began, the school signed a three-year contract with a local supplier to deliver materials every month."（在动工之前，学校与当地供应商签订了一份为期三年的合同，每月运送建筑材料。）（sign a contract with sb. 与某人签订合同） 【搭配词块】 sign a contract 签合同 / breach a contract 违约 / contractual adj. 合同的 / contractor n. 承包商 / under contract 签有合约 7. input /ˈɪnpʊt/ n. 投入；输入 vt. 输入 【核心考点】 input是投入与参与类核心词，写作中既可指资源投入也可指"意见与参与"。provide/give input（提供意见或投入）为应用文高频表达，如We welcome your input.（欢迎您提出意见。）；input data into a computer（把数据输入电脑）；the input of sb.（来自某人的投入/意见）；have input in/into sth.（在某事上有发言权）。动词的过去式和过去分词可用input或inputted。反义词output n./v.（产出/输出）。辨析：input（投入的时间、资源或意见）vs contribution（贡献，强调结果）vs investment（投资，强调资金）。 【词根联想】 in-（进入/向内）+ put（放置）→ 放进去的东西→ 投入/输入。联想：in + put = "放进去"→ input（输入/投入）；相对地 out + put = output（产出）；through + put = throughput（吞吐量）。同族词：output（产出）、throughput（吞吐量）、put（放置）、outputting（输出中）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"Without steady supplies, the volunteer teachers relied heavily on the input of local parents, who carried timber up the hill on their own shoulders."（在物资供应不稳定的情况下，志愿教师们非常依赖当地家长的投入，家长们亲自把木料扛上山。）（the input of sb. 来自某人的投入） 【搭配词块】 provide input 提供意见 / input data 输入数据 / input n. 投入 / have input in 在…中有发言权 / the input of 来自…的投入 8. stability /stəˈbɪləti/ n. 稳定；稳定性 【核心考点】 stability是状态与秩序类核心抽象名词，议论文和心理健康话题必备。emotional stability（情绪稳定）、financial stability（财务稳定）、political/social stability（政治/社会稳定）为高频搭配；maintain/ensure stability（保持/确保稳定）为写作核心动宾。stable adj.（稳定的）→ a stable job（稳定的工作）；stabilize v.（使稳定）；unstable adj.（不稳定的）；instability n.（不稳定）。辨析：stability（稳定的状态，抽象不可数）vs balance（平衡，强调各方相等）vs security（安全感/保障，强调无风险）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语stare"站立"→ stabilis"能站得稳的"→ stability（稳定）。联想：sta = "站"→ 站得住→ 稳定。同词根：stand（站立）、stable（稳定的/马厩）、statue（雕像→站立着的）、station（车站→驻站点）、establish（建立→使站稳）、constant（不变的→一直站着的）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【真题原句】（2021·新高考全国I卷·阅读D·stability表"稳定"）"Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and 'people skills'."（如今许多人把情商误解为一个人性格构成中几乎所有无法用智商测试衡量的可取之处，比如品格、动机、自信、心理稳定、乐观以及"为人处世的技巧"。） 【搭配词块】 emotional stability 情绪稳定 / financial stability 财务稳定 / stable adj. 稳定的 / stabilize v. 使稳定 / maintain stability 保持稳定 9. criterion /kraɪˈtɪəriən/ n. 标准；准则（复数criteria） 【核心考点】 criterion是评价与判断类核心名词，说明文和议论文必备。最大考点是不规则复数：单数criterion → 复数criteria（源自希腊语，与phenomenon/phenomena同型），criteria作主语时谓语用复数。meet/satisfy the criterion（符合某项标准）、meet the criteria（符合各项标准）、by this criterion（按这一标准）、a set of criteria（一套标准）均为高频搭配。同族词：critical adj.（关键的/批判的）、critic n.（评论家）、criticism n.（批评）、criticize v.（批评）。辨析：criterion（用于判断优劣的具体尺度）vs standard（被普遍接受的水准）vs principle（指导行为的原则）。 【词根联想】 源自希腊语krites"裁判者"→ kriterion"用来判断的手段/尺度"。联想：krit/crit = "判断/评判"→ criterion（判断的标准）、critic（评判者→评论家）、critical（评判性的→批判的/关键的）、criticize（评判→批评）、hypocrite（伪君子→装出的评判者）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"The volunteer teacher refused to judge her students by any single external criterion, believing that growing confidence mattered far more than test scores."（这位志愿教师拒绝用任何单一的外部标准来评判她的学生，她认为不断增长的自信远比考试分数重要。）（by...criterion 按…标准；criterion 单数形式） 【搭配词块】 meet the criterion 符合标准 / criteria (pl.) 标准（复数）/ critical adj. 关键的 / a set of criteria 一套标准 / by this criterion 按这个标准 10. pray /preɪ/ vi./vt. 祈祷；祈求 【核心考点】 pray是信念与愿望类核心动词，记叙文和读后续写中用于渲染情感。pray for sb./sth.（为…祈祷/祈求得到…）为最高频搭配，如pray for rain（祈雨）、pray for the victims（为遇难者祈祷）；pray that...（祈祷…，从句常用一般现在时或will）；pray to God（向上帝祷告）；pray for sb. to do sth.（祈求某人做某事）。prayer n.（祷告/祈祷文）→ say/offer a prayer（做祷告）；注意读音差异：pray读/preɪ/，prayer读/preə(r)/，为语音辨析考点。辨析：pray（虔诚祈祷/恳求）vs beg（乞求，姿态更低）vs wish（希望，不含宗教色彩）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语precari"恳求/请求"→ 古法语preier→ 中古英语preien→ pray。联想：prec/pray = "恳求"→ pray（祈祷）。同词根：prayer（祷告）、precarious（不稳定的→需不断祈求才能维持的）、deprecate（反对→祈求避开）、imprecation（诅咒→祈求降祸）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"Every evening the villagers gathered quietly outside the classroom and prayed that the building work would continue through the long rainy season."（每天傍晚，村民们都静静地聚集在教室外，祈祷建筑工程能在漫长的雨季里继续进行。）（pray that... 祈祷…，宾语从句） 【搭配词块】 pray for 为…祈祷 / pray that 祈祷… / prayer n. 祷告 / say a prayer 做祷告 / pray to God 向上帝祷告 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 privilege privileged (adj.) underprivileged (adj.) privilege (v.) enjoy the privilege of / a great privilege disabled disable (v.) disability (n.) ability (n.) disabled people / the disabled resign resignation (n.) resigned (adj.) resignedly (adv.) resign from / resign as deserve deserving (adj.) deserved (adj.) deservedly (adv.) deserve praise/respect / well deserve grant granted (adj.) grantee (n.) grantor (n.) take...for granted / grant a request contract contractual (adj.) contractor (n.) contraction (n.) sign a contract / breach a contract input input (n.) input (v.) output (n. 反义) provide input / input data stability stable (adj.) stabilize (v.) unstable (adj.) emotional/financial stability criterion criteria (pl.) critical (adj.) criticism (n.) meet the criterion / meet the criteria pray prayer (n.) prayerful (adj.) praying (adj.) pray for / pray that Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2026山东济南·模拟）Working with these village children every single day is a great __________ (privileged) rather than an ordinary job. 2.（2026广东广州·模拟）The small mountain school still has very few facilities for __________ (disability) children who cannot walk without help. 3.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）After weeks of careful consideration, she handed in her __________ (resign) to the bank manager last Friday morning. 4.（2026河南郑州·模拟）The volunteers who give up their holidays to teach in remote areas are truly __________ (deserve) of our respect. 5.（2026四川成都·模拟）City students often take clean water and warm classrooms for __________ (grant) without giving them a second thought. 6.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The school signed a three-year __________ (contractual) with a local supplier of building materials last spring. 7.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The head teacher valued the __________ (put) of every parent when the new school timetable was being designed. 8.（2026江西南昌·模拟）A calm and predictable routine gradually brought emotional __________ (stable) to the children who had lost their parents. 9.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The programme now meets all the safety __________ (criterion) set by the provincial education department. 10.（2026福建福州·模拟）Before the rainy season began, the villagers quietly said a __________ (pray) for the unfinished classroom on the hill. 11.（2026陕西西安·模拟）Only a few __________ (privilege) students in the region had ever used a computer before the programme started. 12.（2026重庆·模拟）Her hearing __________ (disable) never stopped her from becoming the best reader in the whole class. 13.（2026江苏南京·模拟）He __________ (resignation) from his position as head of the department shortly after the new policy was announced. 14.（2026山东青岛·模拟）The whole village stood silently in the rain, __________ (prayer) for the safe return of the fishing boats. 15.（2026广东深圳·模拟）The new funding is expected to __________ (stability) the school's finances over the next five years. 【答案】 1. privilege 2. disabled 3. resignation 4. deserving 5. granted 6. contract 7. input 8. stability 9. criteria 10. prayer 11. privileged 12. disability 13. resigned 14. praying 15. stabilize 【逐题解析】 1. privilege — 提示词privileged（形容词）需转名词privilege。a great privilege = 莫大的荣幸。冠词+形容词+名词。 2. disabled — 提示词disability（名词）需转形容词disabled。disabled children = 残疾儿童。形容词作定语修饰名词。 3. resignation — 提示词resign（动词）需转名词resignation。hand in one's resignation = 递交辞呈。物主代词后接名词。 4. deserving — 提示词deserve（动词）需转形容词deserving。be deserving of = 值得/配得上。be+形容词+of。 5. granted — 提示词grant（动词）需转过去分词granted。take...for granted = 认为理所当然。for后接过去分词作宾补。 6. contract — 提示词contractual（形容词）需转名词contract。sign a contract = 签订合同。冠词+定语+名词。 7. input — 提示词put（动词）需转名词input。the input of = 来自…的投入。定冠词+名词+of。 8. stability — 提示词stable（形容词）需转名词stability。emotional stability = 情绪稳定。形容词+抽象名词。 9. criteria — 提示词criterion（单数）需转复数criteria。all the safety criteria = 所有安全标准。all后接复数名词。 10. prayer — 提示词pray（动词）需转名词prayer。say a prayer = 做祷告。冠词后接可数名词单数。 11. privileged — 提示词privilege（名词）需转形容词privileged。privileged students = 享有优越条件的学生。形容词作定语。 12. disability — 提示词disable（动词）需转名词disability。hearing disability = 听力障碍。名词+名词作主语。 13. resigned — 提示词resignation（名词）需转动词过去式resigned。resign from = 从…辞职。主句谓语用过去式。 14. praying — 提示词prayer（名词）需转现在分词praying。stood...praying = 站着祈祷。现在分词作伴随状语。 15. stabilize — 提示词stability（名词）需转动词stabilize。be expected to do = 预计将…。不定式to后接动词原形。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 在巴布亚新几内亚的偏远村庄支教是一种莫大的__________（荣幸/特权）。当地学校里有许多__________（残疾的）孩子，他们缺少应有的资源。这位老师觉得自己必须从舒适的城市工作岗位上__________（辞职），去帮助他们。这些孩子__________（值得）我们的尊重与支持。 政府__________（拨给）学校一小笔资金，但与供应商的__________（合同）并不稳定。在外界__________（投入）有限的情况下，团队努力保持情绪的__________（稳定）。在满足每一条关爱__________（标准）之后，他们__________（祈祷）会有更多帮手到来。 分享不只是给予，更是倾听。这份__________（荣幸）让志愿者们收获的远多于付出的。 【答案】 privilege; disabled; resign; deserve; granted; contract; input; stability; criterion; prayed; privilege Part 7 关联阅读 For Anna Miller, teaching in a remote mountain village of Papua New Guinea was never simply a job; it was a (privilege). Three years ago she decided to (resign) from a well-paid position at a city bank and join a small volunteer programme. Friends warned her that the decision was risky, yet she believed that the children of the village (deserved) the same chance to learn as anyone else. Within a month she was standing in a bamboo classroom with forty eager faces looking up at her. The school served children from twelve scattered families, including several (disabled) students who had never held a pencil. The local council had (granted) the school a modest fund, but the (contract) with the building supplier collapsed after only one term. Without steady materials, Anna and two local teachers relied on the (input) of parents, who carried timber up the hill on their shoulders. Every evening the villagers gathered outside the classroom and (prayed) that the work would continue. Nothing here could be taken for granted, not even clean water. Sharing, Anna soon learned, is not simply giving. It means listening until you understand what a community truly needs. Emotional (stability) mattered more than equipment: many pupils had lost parents, and a calm, predictable routine helped them settle. Anna refused to judge her students by any external (criterion) of achievement. Instead she measured progress by confidence — a shy boy reading aloud, a girl with a hearing difficulty writing her own name for the first time. Sharing also meant learning their language, eating their food and accepting that progress would be slow. Today the village school meets every safety (criterion) set by the province, and three former pupils have returned as teachers themselves. The programme has since signed a longer (contract) with a national charity, so its funding now looks far more secure. Anna still calls those years a (privilege) rather than a sacrifice. 'We came to give,' she says, 'but the villagers taught us patience, and that lesson (deserves) far more attention than anything I ever wrote on the blackboard.' 1. Why did Anna Miller give up her position at a city bank? A. Because she believed the village children deserved an equal chance to learn. B. Because the bank had granted her a long period of paid leave for travelling. C. Because her contract with the bank had come to an end and was not renewed. D. Because she wanted to test her own emotional stability in a difficult place. 2. What happened after the local council granted the school a modest fund? A. The school immediately met every safety criterion set by the province. B. The contract with the building supplier collapsed after only one term. C. The parents refused to provide any input into the building work at all. D. All the disabled students were transferred to a well-equipped city school. 3. How did Anna judge her students' progress? A. By comparing them directly with pupils in well-equipped city schools. B. By applying the external criterion used by the provincial education office. C. By noticing growth in confidence, such as a shy boy reading aloud in class. D. By counting how many of them later returned to the village as teachers. 4. Which of the following best describes the main message of the passage? A. Volunteer programmes in remote regions usually fail without stable contracts. B. Disabled children make faster progress when taught in their own language. C. Emotional stability is the only criterion by which teaching should be judged. D. Genuine sharing is a privilege in which the giver also receives a great deal. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段连用privilege、resign、deserved三个目标词交代动机。she decided to resign from a well-paid position at a city bank与she believed that the children of the village deserved the same chance to learn as anyone else构成"辞职—原因"的完整因果链，故选A。B项paid leave（带薪休假）在文中毫无依据，且granted一词在文中出现于第二段的拨款语境；C项contract与银行合同到期无关，第四段的contract指学校与慈善机构的合同；D项测试自身情绪稳定属主观臆断，stability在第三段用于描述学生而非Anna。 第2题（细节理解题·高考高频）：第二段明确写道The local council had granted the school a modest fund, but the contract with the building supplier collapsed after only one term。but一词构成转折，拨款之后紧接着发生的正是供应合同在一个学期后就破裂，故选B。A项与第四段Today...meets every safety criterion矛盾，那是多年之后的结果而非拨款之后立刻发生的事；C项与家长扛木料上山、老师依赖家长input的描述完全相反；D项残疾学生被转走在全文无任何提及。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第三段指出Anna refused to judge her students by any external criterion of achievement，紧接着用Instead引出她真正的评价方式：she measured progress by confidence — a shy boy reading aloud, a girl with a hearing difficulty writing her own name。选项C准确复现"以自信为尺度+害羞男孩朗读"这一细节，故选C。A项与城里学校比较文中未提；B项直接与refused to judge...by any external criterion相矛盾；D项学生返乡任教是第四段的结果，并非她当时的评价方式。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：全文十个目标词围绕"支教即分享"展开：从privilege、resign、deserve的动机，到granted、contract、input、prayed的困境，再到stability、criterion的教育理念，最后以Anna still calls those years a privilege rather than a sacrifice和the villagers taught us patience收束——付出者同时也是收获者。选项D的"sharing is a privilege in which the giver also receives"精准概括这一主题，故选D。A项否定式论断与文末资金转好、学校达标的积极结局相反；B项母语教学只是第三段一句附带描述，不足以概括全文；C项把stability说成唯一标准，与文中以自信衡量进步的多元评价相悖。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：privilege, disabled, resign, deserve, granted, contract, input, stability, criterion, prayed Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. privilege — __________ 2. disabled — __________ 3. resign — __________ 4. deserve — __________ 5. grant — __________ 6. contract — __________ 7. input — __________ 8. stability — __________ 9. criterion — __________ 10. pray — __________ 11. privileged — __________ 12. disability — __________ 13. resignation — __________ 14. deserving — __________ 15. contractual — __________ 16. stabilize — __________ 17. criteria — __________ 18. prayer — __________ 19. take...for granted — __________ 20. resign from — __________ 【参考答案】 1. 特权；荣幸（名词） 2. 残疾的；有缺陷的 3. 辞职；放弃 4. 应受；值得 5. 授予；同意；补助金 6. 合同；签合同；收缩 7. 投入；输入 8. 稳定；稳定性 9. 标准；准则（单数） 10. 祈祷；祈求 11. 享有特权的；荣幸的（形容词） 12. 残疾；障碍（名词） 13. 辞职；辞呈（名词） 14. 值得帮助的；应得的（形容词） 15. 合同的；契约的（形容词） 16. 使稳定（动词） 17. 标准；准则（复数） 18. 祷告；祈祷文（名词） 19. 认为…理所当然（短语） 20. 从…辞职（短语） Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. Teaching in that mountain village was a great honour for her, and she never once regretted the choice. → Teaching in that mountain village was a great __________ for her, and she never once regretted the choice. 2. The new classroom was specially designed for handicapped children who use wheelchairs every day. → The new classroom was specially designed for __________ children who use wheelchairs every day. 3. She decided to quit her job at the bank and travel to the islands as a volunteer teacher. → She decided to __________ her job at the bank and travel to the islands as a volunteer teacher. 4. These hard-working village teachers should get far more respect than they are given at present. → These hard-working village teachers __________ far more respect than they are given at present. 5. The provincial government gave the school a small fund to repair the roof before the rainy season. → The provincial government __________ the school a small fund to repair the roof before the rainy season. 6. The head teacher signed a written agreement with a local supplier of building materials. → The head teacher signed a __________ with a local supplier of building materials. 7. The team warmly welcomed the ideas and suggestions of every parent in the village. → The team warmly welcomed the __________ of every parent in the village. 8. A regular daily routine helped the youngest pupils keep their emotional balance. → A regular daily routine helped the youngest pupils keep their emotional __________. 9. The rebuilt school now meets every safety requirement set by the education department. → The rebuilt school now meets every safety __________ set by the education department. 10. Standing in the heavy rain, the villagers hoped strongly that more helpers would arrive soon. → Standing in the heavy rain, the villagers __________ that more helpers would arrive soon. 【答案】 1. privilege 2. disabled 3. resign from 4. deserve 5. granted 6. contract 7. input 8. stability 9. criterion 10. prayed Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用10个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：privilege → disabled → resign → deserve → grant → contract → input → stability → criterion → pray 复述模板（填空）： 在巴布亚新几内亚的偏远村庄支教是一种莫大的__________（荣幸/特权）。当地学校里有许多__________（残疾的）孩子，他们缺少应有的资源。这位老师觉得自己必须从舒适的城市工作岗位上__________（辞职），去帮助他们。这些孩子__________（值得）我们的尊重与支持。 政府__________（拨给）学校一小笔资金，但与供应商的__________（合同）并不稳定。在外界__________（投入）有限的情况下，团队努力保持情绪的__________（稳定）。在满足每一条关爱__________（标准）之后，他们__________（祈祷）会有更多帮手到来。 分享不只是给予，更是倾听。这份__________（荣幸）让志愿者们收获的远多于付出的。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：privilege; disabled; resign; deserve; granted; contract; input; stability; criterion; prayed; privilege 复述模板参考版本： Volunteering in a remote village of Papua New Guinea is a great privilege. The local school serves many disabled children who lack proper resources, so the teacher felt she must resign from her comfortable city job to help them. These children deserve our respect and support. The government granted the school a small fund, but the contract with the supplier was unstable. With limited input from outside, the team worked hard to keep emotional stability. Meeting every criterion for good care, they prayed that more helpers would come. Sharing, they learned, is a privilege in which the giver receives even more than the receiver. $专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（人教版2019） 高考高频知识点：privilege / disabled / resign / deserve / grant / contract / input / stability / criterion / pray （知识点来源：选择性必修四 Unit 4 · Sharing + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 7 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 9 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 10 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 10 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 11 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Volunteering in a remote village of Papua New Guinea is a great (privilege). The local school serves many (disabled) children who lack proper resources. After her first visit, the teacher felt she must (resign) from her comfortable city job to help them. These children (deserve) our respect and support. The government (granted) the school a small fund, but the (contract) with the supplier was unstable. With limited (input) from outside, the team worked hard to keep emotional (stability). Meeting every (criterion) for good care, they (prayed) that more helpers would come. 【中文译文】 在巴布亚新几内亚的一个偏远村庄支教是一种莫大的（privilege）荣幸。当地学校里有许多（disabled）残疾的孩子，他们缺少应有的资源。第一次探访之后，这位老师觉得自己必须从舒适的城市工作岗位上（resign）辞职，去帮助他们。这些孩子（deserve）值得我们的尊重与支持。 政府（granted）拨给学校一小笔资金，但与供应商的（contract）合同并不稳定。在外界（input）投入有限的情况下，团队努力保持情绪的（stability）稳定。在满足每一条关爱（criterion）标准之后，他们（prayed）祈祷会有更多帮手到来。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：支教是荣幸→残疾儿童缺资源→辞去城市工作→孩子值得尊重→政府拨款→供应合同不稳→外界投入有限→保持情绪稳定→满足关爱标准→祈祷更多帮手 记忆链：privilege → disabled → resign → deserve → grant → contract → input → stability → criterion → pray Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ n. 特权；荣幸 vt. 给予特权 ⚡考点：enjoy the privilege of；a great privilege；privileged adj.；underprivileged adj. 2 disabled /dɪsˈeɪbld/ adj. 残疾的；有缺陷的 ⚡考点：disabled people；the disabled（一类人）；disability n.；disable v. 3 resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ vi./vt. 辞职；放弃 ⚡考点：resign from；resign as；resign oneself to；resignation n.；resigned adj. 4 deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ vt. 应受；值得 ⚡考点：deserve praise/respect；deserve to do；deserve doing（主动表被动）；deserving adj. 5 grant /ɡrɑːnt/ vt. 授予；同意 n. 补助金 ⚡考点：take...for granted；take it for granted that；grant sb. sth.；grant a request 6 contract /ˈkɒntrækt/ n. /kənˈtrækt/ v. n. 合同 v. 签合同；收缩 ⚡考点：sign/breach a contract；under contract；contractual adj.；contractor n. 7 input /ˈɪnpʊt/ n. 投入；输入 vt. 输入 ⚡考点：provide input；input data；the input of；反义 output n. 产出 8 stability /stəˈbɪləti/ n. 稳定；稳定性 ⚡考点：emotional/financial stability；maintain stability；stable adj.；stabilize v. 9 criterion /kraɪˈtɪəriən/ n. 标准；准则 ⚡考点：复数criteria；meet the criterion/criteria；by this criterion；critical adj. 10 pray /preɪ/ vi./vt. 祈祷；祈求 ⚡考点：pray for；pray that...；pray to God；prayer n. /preə(r)/ 祷告 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ n. 特权；荣幸 vt. 给予特权 【核心考点】 privilege是权利与荣幸类核心名词，志愿服务和社会话题必备。enjoy the privilege of doing（享有做…的特权/荣幸）为高频搭配；It is a privilege to do sth.（做某事是一种荣幸）为写作亮点句型；a great privilege（莫大的荣幸）常用于感谢信和演讲稿。privileged adj.（享有特权的/感到荣幸的）→ be privileged to do（有幸做…）；underprivileged adj.（贫困的/弱势的）→ underprivileged children（弱势儿童）。辨析：privilege（特别给予少数人的权利或难得的荣幸）vs right（人人生而应有的权利）vs honour（荣誉/敬意）。 【词根联想】 privi-（私人的，源自拉丁语privus"个人的"）+ leg（法律，源自拉丁语lex/legis）+ -e → 只针对个人的法律→ 特权。联想：privilege = "私人（privi）的法律（leg）"→ 只给个别人的规则→ 特权/殊荣。同词根：private（私人的）、privacy（隐私）、legal（法律的）、legislation（立法）、legitimate（合法的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：privilege vt. 给予特权；特别优待。例："The new admission policy privileges students from rural areas, giving them extra points in the entrance examination."（新的招生政策优待农村学生，在入学考试中给他们加分。）由名词"特权"直接转类为动词"给予特权/优待"，多用于正式书面语。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"It is a great privilege for me to work with these village children, and I have learned far more from them than they have ever learned from me."（能与这些乡村孩子共事对我来说是莫大的荣幸，我从他们身上学到的远多于他们从我身上学到的。）（privilege 表"荣幸"；It is a privilege for sb. to do 句型） 【搭配词块】 enjoy the privilege of 享有…的特权 / a great privilege 莫大的荣幸 / privileged adj. 享有特权的 / be privileged to do 有幸做… / underprivileged adj. 弱势的 2. disabled /dɪsˈeɪbld/ adj. 残疾的；有缺陷的 【核心考点】 disabled是身心障碍类核心形容词，社会关爱和公益话题必备。disabled people（残疾人）为阅读高频表达；the disabled（残疾人这一群体）体现"the + 形容词表一类人"的语法考点，作主语时谓语用复数；physically/mentally disabled（身体/智力残疾的）为常见修饰组合。disability n.（残疾/障碍）→ learning disability（学习障碍）、people with disabilities（残障人士，更礼貌的说法）；disable v.（使丧失能力/使残疾）。辨析：disabled（正式且被广泛接受）vs handicapped（旧式说法，今多回避）vs impaired（受损的，如visually impaired 视力受损的）。 【词根联想】 dis-（否定/去除）+ able（能够的）+ -ed（形容词后缀）→ 被去掉了能力的→ 残疾的。联想：dis + able = "不能"→ disabled（失能的/残疾的）。同族词：ability（能力）、disability（残疾）、enable（使能够）、unable（不能的）、ableism（对残障者的歧视）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【真题原句】（2020·全国卷I·完形填空·disabled表"残疾的"）"I went to a group activity, 'Sensitivity Sunday', which was to make us more aware of the problems faced by disabled people."（我参加了一个名为"敏感星期日"的集体活动，其目的是让我们更加了解残疾人所面临的问题。） 【搭配词块】 disabled people 残疾人 / the disabled 残疾人群体 / disability n. 残疾 / disable v. 使丧失能力 / physically disabled 身体残疾的 3. resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ vi./vt. 辞职；放弃 【核心考点】 resign是职业选择类核心动词，人物记叙文和议论文必备。resign from（从某机构或职位辞职）后接机构或职位；resign as（辞去…职务）后接头衔，如resign as chairman；resign oneself to（听任/顺从于），其中to为介词，后接名词或动名词。resignation n.（辞职/辞呈/顺从）→ hand in one's resignation（递交辞呈）；resigned adj.（顺从的/无奈的）→ be resigned to one's fate（认命）。辨析：resign（主动请辞，正式）vs quit（口语化的辞职/停止）vs retire（到龄退休）vs step down（下台/让位）。 【词根联想】 re-（回/back）+ sign（签署，源自拉丁语signare"标记/签名"）→ 把当初签下的字收回→ 撤回承诺→ 辞职。联想：resign = "重新（re）签（sign）"→ 反签一次即撤销→ 辞职/放弃。同词根：sign（签名/标志）、signature（签名）、design（设计→标示出来）、assign（指派→标定给谁）、signal（信号）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"She finally decided to resign from her well-paid position at the bank in order to teach in a remote mountain village."（她最终决定辞去银行的高薪职位，去一个偏远山村教书。）（resign from 从…辞职；in order to 表目的） 【搭配词块】 resign from 从…辞职 / resign as 辞去…职务 / resignation n. 辞职/辞呈 / resigned adj. 顺从的 / resign oneself to 听任于 4. deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ vt. 应受；值得 【核心考点】 deserve是评价与回报类核心动词，议论文和读后续写必备。deserve praise/respect/attention（值得赞扬/尊重/关注）为高频搭配；deserve to do sth.（应该做某事/理应得到）；deserve doing = deserve to be done（值得被…，动名词主动形式表被动，与need/want/require用法一致）为高考语法考点；well deserve（完全应得）中well作程度状语。deserving adj.（值得帮助的/应得的）→ a deserving cause（值得支持的事业）；deservedly adv.（应得地/理所当然地）。辨析：deserve（应得，可褒可贬）vs merit（值得，正式且偏褒义）vs be worthy of（配得上）。 【词根联想】 de-（完全地，强调）+ serve（服务，源自拉丁语servire"服侍"）→ 完全地服务过→ 理应得到回报→ 应受/值得。联想：deserve = "彻底地（de）服务（serve）过"→ 该拿到回报了。同词根：serve（服务）、service（服务）、servant（仆人）、deservedly（应得地）、subservient（屈从的）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【真题原句】（2021·全国甲卷·完形填空·deserve表"应受"）"It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada."（正是那些海边的鸟儿，至少应为尼克·伯奇尔被加拿大维多利亚费尔蒙皇后酒店列入黑名单一事承担部分责任。） 【搭配词块】 deserve praise 值得赞扬 / deserve respect 值得尊重 / well deserve 完全应得 / deserving adj. 值得帮助的 / deserve to do 理应做… 5. grant /ɡrɑːnt/ vt. 授予；同意 n. 补助金 【核心考点】 grant是给予与许可类核心词，兼具动词和名词用法。take...for granted（认为…理所当然）中granted为过去分词作宾语补足语，是高考高频考点；take it for granted that...（想当然地认为…）中it作形式宾语，that从句为真正宾语；grant sb. sth. = grant sth. to sb.（授予某人某物）为双宾结构；grant a request/wish（同意请求/满足愿望）；granted/granting that...（即使/纵然）引导让步状语；名词义a research grant（研究补助金）、a government grant（政府拨款）。辨析：grant（正式地准予/拨给）vs award（评定后颁发）vs offer（主动提供）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语credentem"相信/托付"→ 古法语graanter"承诺/答应"→ grant（同意/授予）。联想：grant = "答应给出去"→ 准予/授予；名词义"补助金"即官方"答应给"的钱。同族词：granted（公认的/假定的）、grantee（受让人）、grantor（授予人）、guarantee（保证→同源的承诺）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"The local council granted the village school a modest fund, but the money was far from enough to rebuild all the classrooms."（当地议会拨给这所乡村学校一笔小额资金，但这笔钱远不足以重建所有教室。）（grant sb. sth. 授予某人某物，双宾语结构） 【搭配词块】 take...for granted 认为…理所当然 / grant a request 同意请求 / granted adj. 公认的 / grant sb. sth. 授予某人某物 / a research grant 研究补助金 6. contract /ˈkɒntrækt/ n. /kənˈtrækt/ v. n. 合同 v. 签合同；收缩 【核心考点】 contract是商务与法律类核心词，应用文和说明文必备。sign a contract（签订合同）、breach/break a contract（违约）、under contract（签有合约的）、a three-year contract（一份三年期合同）均为高频搭配；contract with sb.（与某人签约）。重音位置是高考语音考点：名词重音在前ˈcontract，动词重音在后conˈtract。contractual adj.（合同的/契约的）→ contractual obligations（合同义务）；contractor n.（承包商）；contraction n.（收缩）。辨析：contract（具法律效力的合同）vs agreement（协议，范围更广、可非正式）vs treaty（国家间条约）。 【词根联想】 con-（一起）+ tract（拉，源自拉丁语trahere"拉/拖"）→ 把双方拉到一起→ 订立合同；把物体各部分拉紧→ 收缩。联想：contract = "一起（con）拉（tract）"→ 双方拉到一张桌子上签字→ 合同。同词根：attract（吸引→拉向）、extract（提取→拉出）、subtract（减去→拉走）、tractor（拖拉机）、abstract（抽象的→抽离出来的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：contract v. 收缩；感染（疾病）。例："Metal contracts as it cools, which is exactly why the long bridge was designed with small gaps between its sections."（金属冷却时会收缩，这正是这座长桥的各段之间设计有小缝隙的原因。）由"一起拉紧（con+tract）"引申出"收缩"，进而引申出"染上（疾病）"，如contract a serious illness。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"Before the building work began, the school signed a three-year contract with a local supplier to deliver materials every month."（在动工之前，学校与当地供应商签订了一份为期三年的合同，每月运送建筑材料。）（sign a contract with sb. 与某人签订合同） 【搭配词块】 sign a contract 签合同 / breach a contract 违约 / contractual adj. 合同的 / contractor n. 承包商 / under contract 签有合约 7. input /ˈɪnpʊt/ n. 投入；输入 vt. 输入 【核心考点】 input是投入与参与类核心词，写作中既可指资源投入也可指"意见与参与"。provide/give input（提供意见或投入）为应用文高频表达，如We welcome your input.（欢迎您提出意见。）；input data into a computer（把数据输入电脑）；the input of sb.（来自某人的投入/意见）；have input in/into sth.（在某事上有发言权）。动词的过去式和过去分词可用input或inputted。反义词output n./v.（产出/输出）。辨析：input（投入的时间、资源或意见）vs contribution（贡献，强调结果）vs investment（投资，强调资金）。 【词根联想】 in-（进入/向内）+ put（放置）→ 放进去的东西→ 投入/输入。联想：in + put = "放进去"→ input（输入/投入）；相对地 out + put = output（产出）；through + put = throughput（吞吐量）。同族词：output（产出）、throughput（吞吐量）、put（放置）、outputting（输出中）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"Without steady supplies, the volunteer teachers relied heavily on the input of local parents, who carried timber up the hill on their own shoulders."（在物资供应不稳定的情况下，志愿教师们非常依赖当地家长的投入，家长们亲自把木料扛上山。）（the input of sb. 来自某人的投入） 【搭配词块】 provide input 提供意见 / input data 输入数据 / input n. 投入 / have input in 在…中有发言权 / the input of 来自…的投入 8. stability /stəˈbɪləti/ n. 稳定；稳定性 【核心考点】 stability是状态与秩序类核心抽象名词，议论文和心理健康话题必备。emotional stability（情绪稳定）、financial stability（财务稳定）、political/social stability（政治/社会稳定）为高频搭配；maintain/ensure stability（保持/确保稳定）为写作核心动宾。stable adj.（稳定的）→ a stable job（稳定的工作）；stabilize v.（使稳定）；unstable adj.（不稳定的）；instability n.（不稳定）。辨析：stability（稳定的状态，抽象不可数）vs balance（平衡，强调各方相等）vs security（安全感/保障，强调无风险）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语stare"站立"→ stabilis"能站得稳的"→ stability（稳定）。联想：sta = "站"→ 站得住→ 稳定。同词根：stand（站立）、stable（稳定的/马厩）、statue（雕像→站立着的）、station（车站→驻站点）、establish（建立→使站稳）、constant（不变的→一直站着的）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【真题原句】（2021·新高考全国I卷·阅读D·stability表"稳定"）"Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and 'people skills'."（如今许多人把情商误解为一个人性格构成中几乎所有无法用智商测试衡量的可取之处，比如品格、动机、自信、心理稳定、乐观以及"为人处世的技巧"。） 【搭配词块】 emotional stability 情绪稳定 / financial stability 财务稳定 / stable adj. 稳定的 / stabilize v. 使稳定 / maintain stability 保持稳定 9. criterion /kraɪˈtɪəriən/ n. 标准；准则（复数criteria） 【核心考点】 criterion是评价与判断类核心名词，说明文和议论文必备。最大考点是不规则复数：单数criterion → 复数criteria（源自希腊语，与phenomenon/phenomena同型），criteria作主语时谓语用复数。meet/satisfy the criterion（符合某项标准）、meet the criteria（符合各项标准）、by this criterion（按这一标准）、a set of criteria（一套标准）均为高频搭配。同族词：critical adj.（关键的/批判的）、critic n.（评论家）、criticism n.（批评）、criticize v.（批评）。辨析：criterion（用于判断优劣的具体尺度）vs standard（被普遍接受的水准）vs principle（指导行为的原则）。 【词根联想】 源自希腊语krites"裁判者"→ kriterion"用来判断的手段/尺度"。联想：krit/crit = "判断/评判"→ criterion（判断的标准）、critic（评判者→评论家）、critical（评判性的→批判的/关键的）、criticize（评判→批评）、hypocrite（伪君子→装出的评判者）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"The volunteer teacher refused to judge her students by any single external criterion, believing that growing confidence mattered far more than test scores."（这位志愿教师拒绝用任何单一的外部标准来评判她的学生，她认为不断增长的自信远比考试分数重要。）（by...criterion 按…标准；criterion 单数形式） 【搭配词块】 meet the criterion 符合标准 / criteria (pl.) 标准（复数）/ critical adj. 关键的 / a set of criteria 一套标准 / by this criterion 按这个标准 10. pray /preɪ/ vi./vt. 祈祷；祈求 【核心考点】 pray是信念与愿望类核心动词，记叙文和读后续写中用于渲染情感。pray for sb./sth.（为…祈祷/祈求得到…）为最高频搭配，如pray for rain（祈雨）、pray for the victims（为遇难者祈祷）；pray that...（祈祷…，从句常用一般现在时或will）；pray to God（向上帝祷告）；pray for sb. to do sth.（祈求某人做某事）。prayer n.（祷告/祈祷文）→ say/offer a prayer（做祷告）；注意读音差异：pray读/preɪ/，prayer读/preə(r)/，为语音辨析考点。辨析：pray（虔诚祈祷/恳求）vs beg（乞求，姿态更低）vs wish（希望，不含宗教色彩）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语precari"恳求/请求"→ 古法语preier→ 中古英语preien→ pray。联想：prec/pray = "恳求"→ pray（祈祷）。同词根：prayer（祷告）、precarious（不稳定的→需不断祈求才能维持的）、deprecate（反对→祈求避开）、imprecation（诅咒→祈求降祸）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 【经典原句】"Every evening the villagers gathered quietly outside the classroom and prayed that the building work would continue through the long rainy season."（每天傍晚，村民们都静静地聚集在教室外，祈祷建筑工程能在漫长的雨季里继续进行。）（pray that... 祈祷…，宾语从句） 【搭配词块】 pray for 为…祈祷 / pray that 祈祷… / prayer n. 祷告 / say a prayer 做祷告 / pray to God 向上帝祷告 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 privilege privileged (adj.) underprivileged (adj.) privilege (v.) enjoy the privilege of / a great privilege disabled disable (v.) disability (n.) ability (n.) disabled people / the disabled resign resignation (n.) resigned (adj.) resignedly (adv.) resign from / resign as deserve deserving (adj.) deserved (adj.) deservedly (adv.) deserve praise/respect / well deserve grant granted (adj.) grantee (n.) grantor (n.) take...for granted / grant a request contract contractual (adj.) contractor (n.) contraction (n.) sign a contract / breach a contract input input (n.) input (v.) output (n. 反义) provide input / input data stability stable (adj.) stabilize (v.) unstable (adj.) emotional/financial stability criterion criteria (pl.) critical (adj.) criticism (n.) meet the criterion / meet the criteria pray prayer (n.) prayerful (adj.) praying (adj.) pray for / pray that Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2026山东济南·模拟）Working with these village children every single day is a great __________ (privileged) rather than an ordinary job. 2.（2026广东广州·模拟）The small mountain school still has very few facilities for __________ (disability) children who cannot walk without help. 3.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）After weeks of careful consideration, she handed in her __________ (resign) to the bank manager last Friday morning. 4.（2026河南郑州·模拟）The volunteers who give up their holidays to teach in remote areas are truly __________ (deserve) of our respect. 5.（2026四川成都·模拟）City students often take clean water and warm classrooms for __________ (grant) without giving them a second thought. 6.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The school signed a three-year __________ (contractual) with a local supplier of building materials last spring. 7.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The head teacher valued the __________ (put) of every parent when the new school timetable was being designed. 8.（2026江西南昌·模拟）A calm and predictable routine gradually brought emotional __________ (stable) to the children who had lost their parents. 9.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The programme now meets all the safety __________ (criterion) set by the provincial education department. 10.（2026福建福州·模拟）Before the rainy season began, the villagers quietly said a __________ (pray) for the unfinished classroom on the hill. 11.（2026陕西西安·模拟）Only a few __________ (privilege) students in the region had ever used a computer before the programme started. 12.（2026重庆·模拟）Her hearing __________ (disable) never stopped her from becoming the best reader in the whole class. 13.（2026江苏南京·模拟）He __________ (resignation) from his position as head of the department shortly after the new policy was announced. 14.（2026山东青岛·模拟）The whole village stood silently in the rain, __________ (prayer) for the safe return of the fishing boats. 15.（2026广东深圳·模拟）The new funding is expected to __________ (stability) the school's finances over the next five years. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 在巴布亚新几内亚的偏远村庄支教是一种莫大的__________（荣幸/特权）。当地学校里有许多__________（残疾的）孩子，他们缺少应有的资源。这位老师觉得自己必须从舒适的城市工作岗位上__________（辞职），去帮助他们。这些孩子__________（值得）我们的尊重与支持。 政府__________（拨给）学校一小笔资金，但与供应商的__________（合同）并不稳定。在外界__________（投入）有限的情况下，团队努力保持情绪的__________（稳定）。在满足每一条关爱__________（标准）之后，他们__________（祈祷）会有更多帮手到来。 分享不只是给予，更是倾听。这份__________（荣幸）让志愿者们收获的远多于付出的。 Part 7 关联阅读 For Anna Miller, teaching in a remote mountain village of Papua New Guinea was never simply a job; it was a (privilege). Three years ago she decided to (resign) from a well-paid position at a city bank and join a small volunteer programme. Friends warned her that the decision was risky, yet she believed that the children of the village (deserved) the same chance to learn as anyone else. Within a month she was standing in a bamboo classroom with forty eager faces looking up at her. The school served children from twelve scattered families, including several (disabled) students who had never held a pencil. The local council had (granted) the school a modest fund, but the (contract) with the building supplier collapsed after only one term. Without steady materials, Anna and two local teachers relied on the (input) of parents, who carried timber up the hill on their shoulders. Every evening the villagers gathered outside the classroom and (prayed) that the work would continue. Nothing here could be taken for granted, not even clean water. Sharing, Anna soon learned, is not simply giving. It means listening until you understand what a community truly needs. Emotional (stability) mattered more than equipment: many pupils had lost parents, and a calm, predictable routine helped them settle. Anna refused to judge her students by any external (criterion) of achievement. Instead she measured progress by confidence — a shy boy reading aloud, a girl with a hearing difficulty writing her own name for the first time. Sharing also meant learning their language, eating their food and accepting that progress would be slow. Today the village school meets every safety (criterion) set by the province, and three former pupils have returned as teachers themselves. The programme has since signed a longer (contract) with a national charity, so its funding now looks far more secure. Anna still calls those years a (privilege) rather than a sacrifice. 'We came to give,' she says, 'but the villagers taught us patience, and that lesson (deserves) far more attention than anything I ever wrote on the blackboard.' 1. Why did Anna Miller give up her position at a city bank? A. Because she believed the village children deserved an equal chance to learn. B. Because the bank had granted her a long period of paid leave for travelling. C. Because her contract with the bank had come to an end and was not renewed. D. Because she wanted to test her own emotional stability in a difficult place. 2. What happened after the local council granted the school a modest fund? A. The school immediately met every safety criterion set by the province. B. The contract with the building supplier collapsed after only one term. C. The parents refused to provide any input into the building work at all. D. All the disabled students were transferred to a well-equipped city school. 3. How did Anna judge her students' progress? A. By comparing them directly with pupils in well-equipped city schools. B. By applying the external criterion used by the provincial education office. C. By noticing growth in confidence, such as a shy boy reading aloud in class. D. By counting how many of them later returned to the village as teachers. 4. Which of the following best describes the main message of the passage? A. Volunteer programmes in remote regions usually fail without stable contracts. B. Disabled children make faster progress when taught in their own language. C. Emotional stability is the only criterion by which teaching should be judged. D. Genuine sharing is a privilege in which the giver also receives a great deal. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：privilege, disabled, resign, deserve, granted, contract, input, stability, criterion, prayed Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. privilege — __________ 2. disabled — __________ 3. resign — __________ 4. deserve — __________ 5. grant — __________ 6. contract — __________ 7. input — __________ 8. stability — __________ 9. criterion — __________ 10. pray — __________ 11. privileged — __________ 12. disability — __________ 13. resignation — __________ 14. deserving — __________ 15. contractual — __________ 16. stabilize — __________ 17. criteria — __________ 18. prayer — __________ 19. take...for granted — __________ 20. resign from — __________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. Teaching in that mountain village was a great honour for her, and she never once regretted the choice. → Teaching in that mountain village was a great __________ for her, and she never once regretted the choice. 2. The new classroom was specially designed for handicapped children who use wheelchairs every day. → The new classroom was specially designed for __________ children who use wheelchairs every day. 3. She decided to quit her job at the bank and travel to the islands as a volunteer teacher. → She decided to __________ her job at the bank and travel to the islands as a volunteer teacher. 4. These hard-working village teachers should get far more respect than they are given at present. → These hard-working village teachers __________ far more respect than they are given at present. 5. The provincial government gave the school a small fund to repair the roof before the rainy season. → The provincial government __________ the school a small fund to repair the roof before the rainy season. 6. The head teacher signed a written agreement with a local supplier of building materials. → The head teacher signed a __________ with a local supplier of building materials. 7. The team warmly welcomed the ideas and suggestions of every parent in the village. → The team warmly welcomed the __________ of every parent in the village. 8. A regular daily routine helped the youngest pupils keep their emotional balance. → A regular daily routine helped the youngest pupils keep their emotional __________. 9. The rebuilt school now meets every safety requirement set by the education department. → The rebuilt school now meets every safety __________ set by the education department. 10. Standing in the heavy rain, the villagers hoped strongly that more helpers would arrive soon. → Standing in the heavy rain, the villagers __________ that more helpers would arrive soon. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用10个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：privilege → disabled → resign → deserve → grant → contract → input → stability → criterion → pray 复述模板（填空）： 在巴布亚新几内亚的偏远村庄支教是一种莫大的__________（荣幸/特权）。当地学校里有许多__________（残疾的）孩子，他们缺少应有的资源。这位老师觉得自己必须从舒适的城市工作岗位上__________（辞职），去帮助他们。这些孩子__________（值得）我们的尊重与支持。 政府__________（拨给）学校一小笔资金，但与供应商的__________（合同）并不稳定。在外界__________（投入）有限的情况下，团队努力保持情绪的__________（稳定）。在满足每一条关爱__________（标准）之后，他们__________（祈祷）会有更多帮手到来。 分享不只是给予，更是倾听。这份__________（荣幸）让志愿者们收获的远多于付出的。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ $