Unit 4 Space Exploration Listening and Speaking &Listening and Talking 单元基础检测-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

**基本信息** 以“词汇-语法-句型-语篇”四层递进训练为核心，系统整合单元主题词汇与高考核心语法，通过语境化应用与逻辑化迁移提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础练|语境词汇12题+语法填空10题|单元核心词汇语境拼写；高考高频语法（固定短语、词性转换、非谓语等）专项突破|从词汇积累到语法规则，构建基础语言知识网络| |能力提升练|句型运用5题|聚焦it作形式主语、疑问词+不定式等高频句型，强化语法结构在语境中的应用|语法规则向句型表达转化，提升语言组织能力| |拓展培优练|语篇阅读4题+七选五5题|主题相关信息定位与逻辑衔接分析，培养语篇理解与推理能力|从单句应用到语篇综合，实现语言知识向语用能力迁移|

高一英语校本作业 ⭐⭐⭐Where there is a will, there is a way. 人教版英语必修三 Unit4 班级 姓名 座号 日期 PART 1 Listening and Speaking &Listening and Talking 【基础练】 Ⅰ. 语境词汇拼写 根据首字母、汉语提示写出单词的正确形式，每空一词。 1.The a_______ (宇航员) will spend six months in the China Space Station. 2.Every astronaut must learn safety p_______ (程序；步骤) before the space task. 3.Long space tasks require a sound m_______ (精神的；思想的) state for astronauts. 4.The small space tool is one c_______ (厘米) thick and easy to carry. 5.The new carrier r_______ (火箭) sent the satellite into the right path successfully. 6.Astronauts use special no-rinse s_______ (肥皂) to clean hands in space. 7.The soft t_______ (毛巾) is specially made for astronauts' daily cleaning. 8.They watched distant stars through a high-power t_______ (望远镜). 9.Astronauts heat food with a specially designed m_______ (微波炉) in the capsule. 10.Used t_______ (纸巾) must be sealed in special bags in the space station. 11.The station has advanced medical f_______ (设施；设备) for sudden accidents. 12.The students looked at the g_______ (地球仪) and talked about space tasks. Ⅱ. 单句语法填空 阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The young astronaut is keen _______ sharing his real space experiences with students. 2.It takes years of training to master the _______ (intelligent) behind the space station's control system. 3.All astronauts must follow strict safety _______ (procedure) before and after each space task. 4.The Chinese space team worked day and night _______ (send) the rocket into orbit successfully. 5.Astronauts use _______ (special) designed tools to complete tasks in the weightless environment. 6.The China Space Station _______ (equip) with complete medical facilities since its completion. 7.Long space tasks can affect astronauts _______ (mental) as well as physically. 8.Scientists are trying to find a better way _______ (solve) the problem of reusing water in space. 9.Not only _______ the globe help students learn about our planet, but it also inspires their space interest. 10.The biggest challenge _______ astronauts face during long tasks is getting used to weightlessness. 【能力提升练】 Ⅲ. 句型运用与完成句子 根据所给汉语提示，补全下列句子，每空词数不限。 1._______________________ (对于宇航员来说是一个巨大的挑战) to get used to the weightless environment in space. 2.Before the task, every astronaut must learn _______________________ (如何正确操作太空舱里的所有应急设施). 3.The teenager, who is crazy about space science, _______________________ (下定决心成为一名宇航员) when he graduates from university. 4._______________________ (我们不仅对空间站的生活充满好奇), but we also admire astronauts' courage to explore the unknown. 5.It was the great historic achievements of China's space station _______________________ (吸引了全球航天爱好者的广泛关注). 【拓展培优练】 Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读 Along with a rising number of space missions by government agencies and private industries comes a fresh set of problems for Earth: potentially dangerous space junk. A recent study published in the scientific journal Nature Astronomy concluded “that current practices have a 10 percent chance of one or more deaths over a decade”．In other words，according to researchers from the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia，there’s roughly a one-in-ten chance that the next decade will witness falling space junk kill someone. The space junk orbiting the Earth is an unfortunate by-product of our desire to explore and document space.According to 2021 figures from NASA and the Department of Defense’s Space Surveillance Data，the agencies were actively tracking more than 27,000 pieces of space junk，most of which are larger than a softball and casually orbit the planet.While the floating space junk is certainly a problem，not all the objects that went up must come down，and，in fact，a number of pieces simply burn up in the atmosphere.But sometimes those objects，particularly large ones like used rocket attachments，give in to gravity and fall back down to Earth to be dealt with once again by their human makers.Typically，people don’t die or even get injured by this phenomenon—many of the falling pieces crash into the ocean. They also have to deal with the unsettling feeling of knowing that large rocket pieces can just fall from the sky and that it might affect people in certain parts of the world more than others. This poses an obvious safety risk to people on the ground.“When some large parts of space junk return to Earth，the parts of their mass survive the heat of atmosphere.Many of the surviving pieces are potentially dangerous，giving serious risks on land，at sea，and to people in airplanes，” the study explains. 1．What is the conclusion of the study published in Nature Astronomy? A．People will see space junk easily in the future. B．Some people may be hit to death by objects from the space. C．Government agencies and private industries will develop fast. D．There will be a 10 percent chance for human to die in 10 years. 2．What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A．The space junk will get burnt in the sky. B．The large space junk will pollute the ocean. C．The floating space junk will come down finally. D．Normally we should not worry about space junk. 3．What might be discussed in the following part of the text? A．How to find space junk. B．How to deal with space junk. C．How to inform people of the danger. D．How to avoid the danger of space junk. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Space Junk Causes Pollution B．How to Take Back Space Junk C．Space Junk Puts People at Risk D．Exploring Space Takes in Unfortunate Results Ⅱ.七选五阅读 The moon is a mysterious place that has fascinated humans for centuries.As technology has advanced，our ability to explore the moon has also increased. 1 One of the most significant advancements in moon exploration is the use of unmanned spacecraft. 2 These spacecraft are able to travel to the moon and collect data that help us understand more about its composition，atmosphere，and geological features.By studying the moon，scientists can gain insights into the formation and evolution of our solar system. Another exciting aspect of lunar exploration is the potential for resource extraction(提取)． 3 They could be used for various purposes，including the production of fuel and building materials.Extracting these resources could help reduce our dependence on Earth-based resources and pave the way for a more sustainable future. Moreover，lunar exploration also holds the promise of scientific discovery.By studying the moon，we can gain a deeper understanding of the universe and the laws of physics that govern it. 4 Furthermore，new scientific theories could revolutionize our understanding of the world. 5 The moon’s harsh environment，lack of atmosphere，and extreme temperature variations make it a difficult place to conduct experiments and operations.Despite these challenges，scientists and engineers continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in lunar exploration. In conclusion，lunar exploration is an exciting and important field that offers vast potential for scientific discovery and resource extraction.As technology continues to advance，we can expect to see more advancements in this area and a deeper understanding of the moon and its role in our solar system. A．They can stay on the moon for longer periods of time. B．However，lunar exploration is not without its challenges. C．It allows scientists to collect data without risk to human life. D．This knowledge could lead to advancements in technology. E．The moon is believed to contain valuable minerals and resources. F．Here are some of the introductions to the unmanned spacecraft and new study. G．Here are some of the recent advancements in lunar exploration and its benefits. Part 1答案 【答案解析】 Ⅰ. 语境词汇拼写 1.astronaut 2.procedures 3.mental 4.centimeter/centimetre 5.rocket 6.soap7.towel 8.telescope 9.microwave 10.tissue 11.facilities 12.globe Ⅱ. 单句语法填空 1.答案：on 【考点】固定短语及介词盲填 【解析】本题考查本单元核心固定短语be keen on（热衷于；喜爱），为高考常考固定搭配，介词on为唯一正确答案。 2.答案：intelligence 【考点】词性转换（形容词→名词，高考核心必考点） 【解析】空格前为定冠词the，定冠词后必须接名词作句子宾语，因此只能填所给形容词intelligent的名词形式intelligence。 3.答案：procedures 【考点】名词单复数（高考基础必考点） 【解析】procedure为可数名词，题干中before and after each task明确限定“每项任务前后的多套安全流程”，需用复数形式procedures。 4.答案：to send 【考点】非谓语动词（动词不定式作目的状语，本单元核心语法） 【解析】句中已有谓语动词worked，一个简单句不可出现两个并列谓语，空格处作目的状语，表“日夜工作的目的是成功发射火箭”，只能填不定式to send。 5.答案：specially 【考点】词性转换（形容词→副词，高考高频考点） 【解析】空格处修饰过去分词designed，需用副词修饰，副词形式为specially。 6.答案：has been equipped 【考点】动词的时态、语态与主谓一致（高考核心必考点） 【解析】根据时间状语since its completion，句子必须用现在完成时；主语The China Space Station与动词equip为被动关系（空间站被配备设施），需用被动语态；主语为第三人称单数，最终只能填has been equipped。 7.答案：mentally 【考点】词性转换（形容词→副词，高考高频考点） 【解析】空格处与physically并列，共同修饰动词affect，只有副词可以修饰动词，因此只能填所给形容词mental的副词形式mentally。 8.答案：to solve 【考点】非谓语动词（动词不定式作后置定语，本单元核心语法） 【解析】本题考查高考固定核心结构the way to do sth.（做某事的方法），不定式作后置定语修饰名词way，句中已有谓语动词are trying，不可出现第二个谓语，因此只能填to solve。 9.答案：does 【考点】倒装结构与助动词用法（高考高频考点） 【解析】Not only置于句首时，句子必须用部分倒装；主语the globe为第三人称单数，谓语动词help为实义动词，一般现在时中需借助助动词does完成倒装，does为正确答案。 10.答案：that 【考点】定语从句关系代词盲填（高考核心必考点） 【解析】空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词The biggest challenge被形容词最高级biggest修饰，且先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，根据高考语法规范，先行词被最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不可用which。 Ⅲ. 句型运用与完成句子 1.参考答案：It is a huge challenge for astronauts 【考点】高考高频核心句型：it作形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式短语（本单元核心句型） 【解析】本句核心结构唯一，必须用it作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻，为高考写作与语法填空必考句型。 2.参考答案：how to correctly operate all the emergency facilities in the space capsule 【考点】高考高频结构：疑问词+不定式作宾语（本单元核心句型） 【解析】本句核心结构为“疑问词how+不定式”作动词learn的宾语，为高考必考核心结构。 3.参考答案：is determined to become an astronaut 【考点】单元核心固定句型：be determined to do sth.（下定决心做某事） 【解析】本句核心固定短语唯一，主语the teenager为第三人称单数，be动词用is。 4.参考答案：Not only are we curious about the life on the space station 【考点】高考高频倒装结构：Not only置于句首的部分倒装 【解析】Not only置于句首时，句子必须用部分倒装，需将be动词are提前至主语we之前。 5.参考答案：that attracted the wide attention of space lovers around the globe 【考点】高考核心语法：it is/was...that...强调句型 【解析】本句为强调句，被强调部分为句子主语the great historic achievements of China's space station，此处强调句的固定结构用that连接。 BDBC 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着政府机构和私营企业进行越来越多的太空任务，地球面临着一个新的问题：潜在的危险太空垃圾。一项最近发表在科学期刊《自然天文学》上的研究得出结论，目前的做法在未来十年内有10%的概率造成一人或多人死亡。 1．答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In other words，according to researchers from the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia，there’s roughly a one-in-ten chance that the next decade will witness falling space junk kill someone.”可知，有些人可能会被来自太空的物体砸死。故选B。 2答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While the floating space junk is certainly a problem，not all the objects that went up must come down，and，in fact，a number of pieces simply burn up in the atmosphere.”以及“Typically，people don’t die or even get injured by this phenomenon—many of the falling pieces crash into the ocean.”可知，虽然太空漂浮垃圾是个问题，但是很多碎片在大气中燃烧了，或者正常情况下，许多太空垃圾碎片都坠入了海洋。故选D。 3．答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘When some large parts of space junk return to Earth，the parts of their mass survive the heat of atmosphere.Many of the surviving pieces are potentially dangerous，giving serious risks on land，at sea，and to people in airplanes，’the study explains.”可知，当一些大块的太空垃圾返回地球时，它们的质量部分在大气层的高温下幸存下来，由此对陆地、海上和飞机上的人造成严重的风险。由此推测下文应该阐述的是如何处理这些太空垃圾。故选B。 4．答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。结合全文内容，尤其根据第一段“Along with a rising number of space missions by government agencies and private industries，comes a fresh set of problems for Earth: potentially dangerous space junk.”可知，本文主要讲了随着政府机构和私营企业进行越来越多的太空任务，地球面临着一个新的问题：潜在的危险太空垃圾，目前的做法在未来十年内有10%的概率造成一人或多人死亡。C项“太空垃圾使人们面临危险”符合文章主题，最适合作本文标题。故选C。 GCEDB 1．答案　G 解析　上文说随着科技的进步，我们探索月球的能力也增强了，下文几段介绍了月球探索的重要进步。本句为过渡句，引出后文月球探索的进展。故G选项“以下是月球探索的一些最新进展及其好处”符合语境，故选G。 2．答案　C 解析　上文说月球探索中最重要的进步之一是无人航天器的使用，后文说这些航天器能够前往月球并收集数据，帮助我们更多地了解月球甚至太阳系，可知本句承接上文，介绍无人航天器的好处。故C选项“它允许科学家在不危及人类生命的情况下收集数据”符合语境，故选C。 3．答案　E 解析　后文说它们可以用于各种目的，包括生产燃料和建筑材料，而开采这些资源有助于减少我们对地球资源的依赖，并为更可持续的未来铺平道路，可知本句应提到月球上有可以开采的资源，E选项的minerals and resources对应后文的They和these resources。故E选项“月球被认为含有有价值的矿物和资源”符合语境，故选E。 4．答案　D 解析　上文说月球探索也有科学发现的希望。通过研究月球，我们可以对宇宙和支配它的物理定律有更深的了解。后文说新的科学理论可以彻底改变我们对世界的理解。本句应承接上文，说明了解宇宙和物理定律的好处。故D选项“这种知识可能导致技术的进步”符合语境，故选D。 5．答案　B 解析　上文介绍了探月的进展及好处，后文说月球的恶劣环境、大气层稀薄和极端的温度变化使它成为一个难以进行实验和操作的地方，B选项“然而，探月并非没有挑战”既可与上文形成转折，又可引起下文列举的挑战，符合语境，后文的challenges也是提示，故选B。 高一年级英语必修3 Unit 4校本作业 第1页·(共 25 页) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $