第1卷 单项选择（词法基础）-【2027版】陕西省（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦中职英语词法基础，以40道单项选择构建“概念-语境-应用”训练体系，覆盖7类核心词法，适配课堂限时检测与阶段复习。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |冠词/介词/名词等7类词法|40题（如冠词题1、介词题2等）|单项选择，语境取自生活、校园与职业服务场景|从基础词法概念（如冠词辨析）到职业场景应用（如护理、 workshop场景），形成“概念理解-语境辨析-规范表达”逻辑链条，培养语言应用能力与思维品质|

编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和历年真题编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为第1卷，聚焦词法基础，覆盖冠词、名词、代词、介词、形容词副词、连词及常用固定结构，语境取自生活、校园与职业服务场景。 【2027版】陕西省（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第1卷 单项选择（词法基础） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 单项选择（共40小题，每小题2.5分，满分100分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. After the skills class, our teacher gave us ______ useful checklist for kitchen safety. A. an B. a C. the D. / 2. The nursing student is careful with every patient because she takes pride ______ her work. A. at B. to C. with D. in 3. There is not enough ______ in the workshop, so please move the boxes outside. A. space B. message C. advice D. weather 4. Of the two training plans, Ms. Liu chose the ______ one because it saved more time. A. good B. best C. better D. well 5. The machine is new to us. We had better ______ the instructions before using it. A. reading B. to read C. read D. reads 6. —May I use your ruler for the drawing task? —Sure. I have two. You can take ______ of them. A. either B. neither C. every D. all 7. The bus was full, ______ the students waited for the next one patiently. A. for B. and C. or D. so 8. Our school ______ a new smart classroom since last September. A. builds B. has built C. will build D. built 9. My father asks me ______ the lights before I leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. turned off D. turn off 10. Please ______ the form carefully; your phone number is missing. A. look after B. look up C. look for D. look through 11. The book ______ be Mary's. Her name is on the first page. A. need B. must C. can D. might 12. Could you tell me ______ the training center opens on Saturday? A. why B. where C. whether D. what 13. Linda speaks more slowly ______ everyone in the room can understand her. A. so that B. because C. although D. unless 14. Not only the students but also their coach ______ ready for the competition. A. are B. were C. is D. be 15. This is the safety rule ______ we learned in the first lesson. A. who B. whose C. where D. that 16. These paper flowers ______ by the art club for the school festival yesterday. A. made B. were made C. are making D. will make 17. You will miss the interview ______ you leave home ten minutes earlier. A. if B. when C. after D. unless 18. The young worker ______ cleaned the machine is from a vocational school. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 19. By the time we arrived at the hall, the lecture ______ for five minutes. A. has begun B. began C. had been on D. will begin 20. ______ useful advice the old engineer gave us! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a 21. Only after checking the address ______ the package to the customer. A. sent he B. he sent C. did he send D. he did send 22. If I ______ more free time, I would join the school volunteer team. A. have B. had C. will have D. has 23. The shelf is ______ high for the child ______ reach without help. A. so; that B. enough; to C. such; that D. too; to 24. —I'm sorry I broke your cup. —______. I can buy another one. A. That's all right B. Good idea C. Be careful D. I hope so 25. The visitors enjoyed ______ during the school open day. A. they B. them C. theirs D. themselves 26. The food smells ______. Let's wash our hands and have dinner. A. badly B. good C. well D. better 27. Mr. Gao is patient. He always explains the problem ______ to new students. A. clearly B. clear C. clearer D. clearest 28. There are ______ students in the reading club now than last term. A. many B. much C. more D. most 29. —How often do you practice listening? —______ a week, usually on Monday and Thursday. A. Once B. Three times C. Twice D. Every day 30. The school dining hall is open ______ 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. A. on B. at C. in D. from 31. The notice says that students must keep the classroom ______ after the activity. A. cleaned B. clean C. cleaning D. to clean 32. ______ he was tired after training, he helped his classmates put away the tools. A. Although B. If C. Because D. Until 33. There ______ a skills competition in our city next month. A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. was 34. The boy in a blue jacket is ______ younger brother. A. Tom and Jack's B. Tom's and Jack's C. Tom and Jack D. Tom's and Jack 35. I don't know ______ notebook this is. There is no name on it. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 36. It usually takes me twenty minutes ______ to school by bike. A. go B. going C. went D. to go 37. The young cook kept ______ until he made the soup taste just right. A. try B. trying C. to try D. tried 38. My sister has learned English ______ three years, and she can talk with guests now. A. since B. by C. at D. for 39. —Would you like some more tea? —______. I have had enough. A. Yes, please B. Sounds great C. No, thanks D. With pleasure 40. The teacher asked us ______ late for the morning reading. A. not to be B. not be C. don't be D. not being 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》和历年真题编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为第1卷，聚焦词法基础，覆盖冠词、名词、代词、介词、形容词副词、连词及常用固定结构，语境取自生活、校园与职业服务场景。 【2027版】陕西省（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第1卷 单项选择（词法基础） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 单项选择（共40小题，每小题2.5分，满分100分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. After the skills class, our teacher gave us ______ useful checklist for kitchen safety. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】B 【详解】考查冠词。句意：技能课后，老师给了我们一份有用的厨房安全检查清单。A选项an是不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前；B选项a是不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；C选项the是定冠词，表示特指；D选项/表示零冠词。此处checklist为单数可数名词，useful以辅音音素/ju:/开头，表示“一份有用的清单”，用a。故选B。 2. The nursing student is careful with every patient because she takes pride ______ her work. A. at B. to C. with D. in 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：护理专业学生认真对待每位病人，因为她为自己的工作感到自豪。A选项at意为“在、向”，常用于be good at等搭配；B选项to意为“到、向”，表示方向或对象；C选项with意为“和、带有”；D选项in意为“在……方面”，但take pride in是固定搭配，意为“为……感到自豪”。此处表示为自己的工作自豪，用in。故选D。 3. There is not enough ______ in the workshop, so please move the boxes outside. A. space B. message C. advice D. weather 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：车间空间不够，请把箱子搬到外面。A选项space意为“空间、地方”；B选项message意为“消息、信息”；C选项advice意为“建议”；D选项weather意为“天气”。根据move the boxes outside可知，此处说车间没有足够空间，用space。故选A。 4. Of the two training plans, Ms. Liu chose the ______ one because it saved more time. A. good B. best C. better D. well 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：两个训练方案中，刘老师选择了更好的一个，因为它节省更多时间。A选项good是形容词原级，意为“好的”；B选项best是最高级，意为“最好的”，用于三者或三者以上；C选项better是比较级，意为“更好的”；D选项well多作副词，意为“好地”，也可作形容词表示身体好。根据Of the two training plans可知是两者比较，用better。故选C。 5. The machine is new to us. We had better ______ the instructions before using it. A. reading B. to read C. read D. reads 【答案】C 【详解】考查had better用法。句意：这台机器我们不熟悉，使用前最好阅读说明。A选项reading为动名词或现在分词；B选项to read为不定式；C选项read为动词原形；D选项reads为第三人称单数形式。had better后接动词原形，表示“最好做某事”，此处用read。故选C。 6. —May I use your ruler for the drawing task? —Sure. I have two. You can take ______ of them. A. either B. neither C. every D. all 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：——我可以用你的尺子完成绘图任务吗？——当然。我有两把。你可以拿其中任意一把。A选项either意为“两者中的任意一个”；B选项neither意为“两者都不”；C选项every意为“每一个”，用于三者或三者以上；D选项all意为“三者或三者以上全部”。根据I have two可知是两把尺子中的任意一把，用either。故选A。 7. The bus was full, ______ the students waited for the next one patiently. A. for B. and C. or D. so 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：公交车满了，所以学生们耐心等待下一辆。A选项for可表示原因，意为“因为”；B选项and表示并列或顺承，意为“和、并且”；C选项or表示选择或否则，意为“或者、否则”；D选项so表示结果，意为“所以”。前句说公交车满了，后句说学生耐心等待，前后为因果关系，用so。故选D。 8. Our school ______ a new smart classroom since last September. A. builds B. has built C. will build D. built 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：自去年九月以来，我们学校建成了一间新的智慧教室。A选项builds为一般现在时第三人称单数；B选项has built为现在完成时；C选项will build为一般将来时；D选项built为一般过去时。since last September是现在完成时标志，主语Our school为第三人称单数，用has built。故选B。 9. My father asks me ______ the lights before I leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. turned off D. turn off 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：父亲要求我离开房间前关灯。A选项to turn off为动词不定式；B选项turning off为动名词或现在分词；C选项turned off为过去式或过去分词；D选项turn off为动词原形。ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”，此处用to turn off。故选A。 10. Please ______ the form carefully; your phone number is missing. A. look after B. look up C. look for D. look through 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：请仔细浏览表格，你的电话号码漏填了。A选项look after意为“照顾”；B选项look up意为“查阅、向上看”；C选项look for意为“寻找”；D选项look through意为“浏览、仔细查看”。根据your phone number is missing可知，需要查看表格内容，用look through。故选D。 11. The book ______ be Mary's. Her name is on the first page. A. need B. must C. can D. might 【答案】B 【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：这本书一定是玛丽的，第一页有她的名字。A选项need意为“需要”；B选项must可表示肯定推测，意为“一定”；C选项can意为“能够”，疑问或否定中也可表推测；D选项might意为“可能”，语气较弱。根据Her name is on the first page可知证据充分，应表示肯定推测，用must。故选B。 12. Could you tell me ______ the training center opens on Saturday? A. why B. where C. whether D. what 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：你能告诉我培训中心周六是否开放吗？A选项why意为“为什么”；B选项where意为“在哪里”；C选项whether意为“是否”；D选项what意为“什么”。从句the training center opens on Saturday结构完整，语义上询问“是否开放”，用whether。故选C。 13. Linda speaks more slowly ______ everyone in the room can understand her. A. so that B. because C. although D. unless 【答案】A 【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：琳达说得更慢，以便房间里每个人都能听懂。A选项so that意为“以便、为了”，引导目的状语从句；B选项because意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句；C选项although意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；D选项unless意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句。此处表示说慢的目的，用so that。故选A。 14. Not only the students but also their coach ______ ready for the competition. A. are B. were C. is D. be 【答案】C 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅学生们，他们的教练也为比赛做好了准备。A选项are用于复数主语或第二人称；B选项were为过去时复数形式；C选项is用于一般现在时第三人称单数；D选项be为动词原形。not only...but also...连接主语时遵循就近原则，谓语与their coach一致，且句意为现在状态，用is。故选C。 15. This is the safety rule ______ we learned in the first lesson. A. who B. whose C. where D. that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我们第一课学过的安全规则。A选项who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；B选项whose表示所属关系，意为“……的”；C选项where指地点，在从句中作地点状语；D选项that可指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。先行词rule指物，且从句learned后缺宾语，用that。故选D。 16. These paper flowers ______ by the art club for the school festival yesterday. A. made B. were made C. are making D. will make 【答案】B 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：这些纸花是艺术社昨天为校园节制作的。A选项made为主动语态的一般过去时或过去分词；B选项were made为一般过去时的被动语态；C选项are making为现在进行时主动语态；D选项will make为一般将来时主动语态。主语These paper flowers与make之间是被动关系，yesterday提示一般过去时，用were made。故选B。 17. You will miss the interview ______ you leave home ten minutes earlier. A. if B. when C. after D. unless 【答案】D 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你提前十分钟离家，否则会错过面试。A选项if意为“如果”；B选项when意为“当……时候”；C选项after意为“在……之后”；D选项unless意为“除非，如果不”。根据You will miss the interview和leave home ten minutes earlier可知，此处表示“除非提前出门”，用unless。故选D。 18. The young worker ______ cleaned the machine is from a vocational school. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：清洁机器的那位年轻工人来自职业学校。A选项who指人，在从句中可作主语；B选项whom指人，在从句中作宾语；C选项which指物；D选项whose表示所属关系。先行词worker指人，且从句cleaned the machine缺主语，用who。故选A。 19. By the time we arrived at the hall, the lecture ______ for five minutes. A. has begun B. began C. had been on D. will begin 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去完成时与延续性动词。句意：我们到达大厅时，讲座已经开始五分钟了。A选项has begun为现在完成时，且begin为短暂性动词；B选项began为一般过去时；C选项had been on为过去完成时，且be on表示延续状态；D选项will begin为一般将来时。By the time we arrived表示过去某时以前，主句用过去完成时；for five minutes要求延续性表达，用had been on。故选C。 20. ______ useful advice the old engineer gave us! A. What a B. What C. How D. How a 【答案】B 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：那位老工程师给了我们多么有用的建议啊！A选项What a用于“a/an+形容词+单数可数名词”；B选项What用于修饰不可数名词或复数名词；C选项How用于修饰形容词或副词；D选项How a结构错误。advice为不可数名词，感叹句结构为What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语，用What。故选B。 21. Only after checking the address ______ the package to the customer. A. sent he B. he sent C. did he send D. he did send 【答案】C 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：只有核对地址后，他才把包裹寄给顾客。A选项sent he语序错误；B选项he sent为陈述语序；C选项did he send为部分倒装结构；D选项he did send为强调式陈述语序。Only after...置于句首时，主句需部分倒装，用did he send。故选C。 22. If I ______ more free time, I would join the school volunteer team. A. have B. had C. will have D. has 【答案】B 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我有更多空闲时间，我会加入学校志愿队。A选项have为一般现在时原形；B选项had为过去式；C选项will have为一般将来时；D选项has为第三人称单数。主句would join表明这是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，if从句谓语用过去式had。故选B。 23. The shelf is ______ high for the child ______ reach without help. A. so; that B. enough; to C. such; that D. too; to 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：架子太高，孩子没有帮助够不到。A选项so...that意为“如此……以至于”，后接从句；B选项enough...to意为“足够……去做”；C选项such...that意为“如此……以至于”，such修饰名词；D选项too...to意为“太……而不能……”。空后为形容词high和动词原形reach，且句意表示“太高而够不到”，用too...to。故选D。 24. —I'm sorry I broke your cup. —______. I can buy another one. A. That's all right B. Good idea C. Be careful D. I hope so 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——对不起，我打碎了你的杯子。——没关系。我可以买另一个。A选项That's all right意为“没关系”，常用于回应道歉；B选项Good idea意为“好主意”，用于赞同建议；C选项Be careful意为“小心点”；D选项I hope so意为“我希望如此”。上文是道歉，下文表示可以再买一个，因此用That's all right回应。故选A。 25. The visitors enjoyed ______ during the school open day. A. they B. them C. theirs D. themselves 【答案】D 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：开放日里，参观者们玩得很开心。A选项they为主格，意为“他们”；B选项them为宾格，意为“他们”；C选项theirs为名词性物主代词，意为“他们的”；D选项themselves为反身代词，意为“他们自己”。enjoy oneself是固定搭配，意为“玩得开心”，主语The visitors为复数，用themselves。故选D。 26. The food smells ______. Let's wash our hands and have dinner. A. badly B. good C. well D. better 【答案】B 【详解】考查感官系动词。句意：食物闻起来很好。我们洗手吃饭吧。A选项badly为副词，意为“糟糕地”；B选项good为形容词，意为“好的”；C选项well作副词意为“好地”，作形容词多指身体健康；D选项better为比较级，意为“更好的”。smell作感官系动词时后接形容词作表语，且此处没有比较含义，用good。故选B。 27. Mr. Gao is patient. He always explains the problem ______ to new students. A. clearly B. clear C. clearer D. clearest 【答案】A 【详解】考查副词用法。句意：高老师很有耐心。他总是清楚地给新生解释问题。A选项clearly为副词，意为“清楚地”；B选项clear为形容词，意为“清楚的”；C选项clearer为比较级，意为“更清楚的”；D选项clearest为最高级，意为“最清楚的”。此处修饰动词explains，需要副词clearly。故选A。 28. There are ______ students in the reading club now than last term. A. many B. much C. more D. most 【答案】C 【详解】考查比较级。句意：阅读社现在的学生比上学期更多。A选项many为形容词原级，修饰可数名词复数；B选项much修饰不可数名词；C选项more为many/much的比较级，意为“更多的”；D选项most为最高级，意为“最多的”。than last term提示比较级，用more。故选C。 29. —How often do you practice listening? —______ a week, usually on Monday and Thursday. A. Once B. Three times C. Twice D. Every day 【答案】C 【详解】考查频度表达。句意：——你多久练一次听力？——一周两次，通常在周一和周四。A选项Once意为“一次”；B选项Three times意为“三次”；C选项Twice意为“两次”；D选项Every day意为“每天”。根据usually on Monday and Thursday可知一周练两次，用Twice。故选C。 30. The school dining hall is open ______ 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. A. on B. at C. in D. from 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词搭配。句意：学校餐厅从早上七点开放到晚上八点。A选项on常用于具体日期或星期前；B选项at常用于具体时刻前；C选项in常用于月份、年份或较长时间段前；D选项from意为“从……起”。from...to...是固定搭配，表示“从……到……”，此处用from。故选D。 31. The notice says that students must keep the classroom ______ after the activity. A. cleaned B. clean C. cleaning D. to clean 【答案】B 【详解】考查形容词作宾语补足语。句意：通知要求学生在活动后保持教室干净。A选项cleaned为过去分词，意为“被打扫的”；B选项clean为形容词，意为“干净的”，也可作动词原形；C选项cleaning为现在分词或动名词；D选项to clean为不定式。keep sth. + adj.表示“使某物保持某种状态”，此处表示保持教室干净，用形容词clean。故选B。 32. ______ he was tired after training, he helped his classmates put away the tools. A. Although B. If C. Because D. Until 【答案】A 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然训练后他很累，但他仍帮助同学们收拾工具。A选项Although意为“虽然、尽管”；B选项If意为“如果”；C选项Because意为“因为”；D选项Until意为“直到”。前半句说累，后半句说仍然帮忙，构成让步关系，用Although。故选A。 33. There ______ a skills competition in our city next month. A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. was 【答案】C 【详解】考查there be句型。句意：下个月我们市将有一场技能比赛。A选项is going to have不能用于there be结构；B选项will have表示“将拥有”，不能直接与There搭配表示存在；C选项is going to be表示“将有”，符合there be的一般将来时；D选项was为一般过去时。next month提示将来，there be句型的将来形式可用There is going to be。故选C。 34. The boy in a blue jacket is ______ younger brother. A. Tom and Jack's B. Tom's and Jack's C. Tom and Jack D. Tom's and Jack 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：穿蓝夹克的男孩是汤姆和杰克共同的弟弟。A选项Tom and Jack's表示两人共同拥有；B选项Tom's and Jack's表示两人各自拥有；C选项Tom and Jack缺少所有格，不能修饰younger brother；D选项Tom's and Jack结构不完整。根据brother为单数可知是共同的弟弟，用Tom and Jack's。故选A。 35. I don't know ______ notebook this is. There is no name on it. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 【答案】B 【详解】考查疑问词辨析。句意：我不知道这是谁的笔记本。上面没有名字。A选项who意为“谁”，作主语或宾语；B选项whose意为“谁的”，修饰名词；C选项whom意为“谁”，作宾语；D选项which意为“哪一个”。空后有名词notebook，需要表示所属关系的whose。故选B。 36. It usually takes me twenty minutes ______ to school by bike. A. go B. going C. went D. to go 【答案】D 【详解】考查It takes sb. time to do sth.句型。句意：我骑自行车上学通常花二十分钟。A选项go为动词原形；B选项going为动名词或现在分词；C选项went为过去式；D选项to go为不定式。It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多少时间”，此处用to go。故选D。 37. The young cook kept ______ until he made the soup taste just right. A. try B. trying C. to try D. tried 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语固定搭配。句意：这位年轻厨师一直尝试，直到他把汤做得味道正好。A选项try为动词原形；B选项trying为动名词或现在分词；C选项to try为不定式；D选项tried为过去式或过去分词。keep doing sth.意为“持续做某事”，此处用trying。故选B。 38. My sister has learned English ______ three years, and she can talk with guests now. A. since B. by C. at D. for 【答案】D 【详解】考查现在完成时时间状语。句意：我妹妹学英语三年了，现在能和客人交谈。A选项since意为“自从”，后接时间点；B选项by意为“到……为止”；C选项at用于具体时刻或地点；D选项for意为“持续……”，后接时间段。three years是时间段，且句子为现在完成时，用for。故选D。 39. —Would you like some more tea? —______. I have had enough. A. Yes, please B. Sounds great C. No, thanks D. With pleasure 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你还想再喝点茶吗？——不用了，谢谢。我已经喝够了。A选项Yes, please意为“好的，请来一些”；B选项Sounds great意为“听起来不错”；C选项No, thanks意为“不用了，谢谢”；D选项With pleasure意为“乐意效劳”。根据I have had enough可知说话者婉拒对方，用No, thanks。故选C。 40. The teacher asked us ______ late for the morning reading. A. not to be B. not be C. don't be D. not being 【答案】A 【详解】考查ask sb. not to do sth.句型。句意：老师要求我们早读不要迟到。A选项not to be为不定式否定形式；B选项not be缺少to，不能用于ask sb.结构；C选项don't be是祈使句否定形式；D选项not being为动名词否定形式。ask sb. not to do sth.意为“要求某人不要做某事”，此处用not to be。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $