Unit 6 Looking beyond 人与自然：超越所见（单元阅读精练）英语新教材外研版九年级下册

**基本信息** 以“太空探索”为主题，整合时文、真题与模拟训练，通过多样体裁与题型系统培养语言能力、文化意识及思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇（议论文/记叙文）|阅读还原+细节理解|从人类移居挑战到科学家突破，构建“探索-突破”认知链| |真题示例|2篇说明文|细节推断+主旨归纳|以火星水/火星生活为载体，强化科学文本信息提取能力| |模拟演练|5篇（4说明+1记叙）|阅读+语法填空+完形|覆盖月球水制取、时区构想等前沿主题，形成“现象-原理-应用”逻辑闭环|

Unit 6 Looking beyond 超越所见 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 PassageA 阅读还原 议论文 190 讨论了人类探索太空、移居其他行星的可行性与挑战。 PassageB 阅读理解 记叙文 230 介绍非裔美国数学家凯瑟琳・约翰逊。在存在种族和性别歧视的年代，她为NASA完成关键航天数据计算，助力载人航天飞行与阿波罗11号登月，她冲破偏见，用自身成就证明天赋无关种族与性别，激励着后人。 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 330 介绍了‌火星地下咸水湖相关的科学研究与推论，研究证实火星地下存在咸水湖，数十亿年前火星曾温暖宜居，主流观点认为太阳风夺走了火星绝大多数水分，如今靠欧空局探测器的高反射率探测确认了地下储水，但高盐低温环境几乎无法留存生命，当下火星仍不适合居住。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 270 介绍了在火星上生活的情况。 模拟演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 290 介绍中国科学家发现利用月壤在月球制取水的新方法，该发现为月球寻水提供新可能，对人类未来月球探索与定居意义重大。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 340 介绍了设立月球时区这一构想，阐述设立月球时间的必要性、月球时间与地球时间的差异、设立月球时区存在的各类难题，以及该构想对未来星际探索的意义。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 300 介绍了中国太空旅游的发展现状，包括相关企业的计划、技术研发进展、安全保障措施，并展望了太空旅行未来普及的可能性。 Passage4 语法填空 说明文 300 介绍了中国神舟二十三号载人飞船成功发射这一航天成就，特别介绍了香港首位女航天员黎家盈的经历，并鼓励青少年坚持梦想、报效祖国。 Passage5 完形填空 说明文 190 介绍中国天问一号成功着陆火星及祝融号的工作成果，展现中国太空计划快速发展，激励青少年投身科学探索。 · We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars. – Oscar Wilde 我们都在阴沟里，但仍有人仰望星空。——奥斯卡·王尔德 （爱尔兰作家) · Shoot for the stars; even if you miss, you'll land among the stars. – Les Brown 向星星瞄准；即使射偏，你也会落在星辰之间。——莱斯·布朗 （美国励志演说家） · The impossible is often the untried. – Jim Goodwin 不可能的事情，往往只是未曾尝试过的事情。——吉姆·古德温 （美国作家) · We choose to go to the moon not because it is easy, but because it is hard. – John F. Kennedy 我们选择登月，不是因为这件事容易，而是因为它艰难。——约翰·F·肯尼迪 （美国前总统） · One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. – Neil Armstrong 一个人的一小步，人类的一大步。——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗 （登月第一人） · The Earth is the cradle of humanity, but mankind cannot stay in the cradle forever. – Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 地球是人类的摇篮，但人类不可能永远留在摇篮里。——康斯坦丁·齐奥尔科夫斯基 （俄国航天之父） · Space is for everybody. It's not just for a few people in science or math. – Christa McAuliffe 太空属于每一个人，不仅仅是少数科学家或数学家。——克里斯塔·麦考利夫 （美国教师宇航员） · The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science. – Albert Einstein 我们能体验到的最美的东西就是神秘。它是所有真正的艺术和科学的源泉。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 · Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach for the stars. – Harriet Tubman 每一个伟大的梦想都始于一个追梦人。永远记住，你内心拥有触达星辰的力量、耐心和热情。——哈丽特·塔布曼 （美国废奴主义者） · To confine our attention to terrestrial matters would be to limit the human spirit. –Stephen Hawking 将我们的注意力局限在地球事务上，就是在限制人类的精神。——斯蒂芬·霍金 （英国物理学家） · Looking at the stars always makes me dream. Why shouldn't we dream? – Vincent van Gogh 仰望星空总让我做梦。我们为什么不该做梦呢？——文森特·梵高 （荷兰画家） · The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing. – Albert Einstein 重要的是不要停止提问。好奇心有其存在的理由。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 Passage A Scientists think once we step into space, our future should be safe. Now many countries like the USA, Russia and China are building space stations and sending astronauts there. 1 Robert, a rocket scientist, thinks it is right for the countries to do so. Humans should move to other planets and build new homes there. 2 After that, we could work and live on other planets. Any improvement we make in science, technology, medicine and health will do good to people here on Earth. SpaceX is a company that builds rockets. The CEO also agrees to send humans to Mars. His long-term plan is to put one million people there if some bad things happen to us here on Earth. 3 Many people say it’s too expensive. Also, most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars would take at least six months. 4 What’s more, the first people would find life terribly difficult in space. On such planets’ surfaces, the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay inside most of the time. 5 As the saying goes, “My conquest (征途) is the sea of stars.” We might see cities or even new human cultures on other planets. A．Not everyone agrees with them. B．This could make their countries richer. C．It’s impossible for us to realize the dream. D．People might face many health problems on the way. E．In the future, sending people into space seems certain. F．But first we should learn to live in space stations. G．These stations will prepare humans to visit and live on other planets. 长难句解析 1. 原句：（第三段第四句）Any improvement we make in science, technology, medicine and health will do good to people here on Earth. 译文：我们在科学、技术、医药和健康方面取得的任何进步都将对地球上的人们有益。 分析：主干是 Any improvement will do good to people。we make in science... 是定语从句修饰 improvement（省略了关系代词 that），here on Earth 是地点状语。do good to sb. 是固定短语，意为“对某人有好处”，good 在此作名词。 2.原句：（第四段第二句）His long-term plan is to put one million people there if some bad things happen to us here on Earth. 译文：他的长期计划是，如果地球上我们这里发生了什么不好的事情，就把一百万人送到那里去。 分析：主干是 His long-term plan is to put one million people there，if some bad things happen to us here on Earth 是条件状语从句。不定式 to put... 作表语。happen to sb. 意为“某人发生某事”。条件状语从句中，主句用一般现在时 is，从句用一般现在时 happen（主将从现原则，但主句是系表结构 is to do，表将来计划）。 3.原句：（第四第十句）On such planets' surfaces, the sun's rays are very dangerous. 译文：在这样行星的表面，太阳光线非常危险。 分析：On such planets' surfaces 是介词短语作地点状语，主干是 the sun's rays are very dangerous。such 修饰名词 planets'，意为“这样的”。surfaces 为复数形式，指多个行星的表面。rays 意为“光线、射线”。 译文 科学家们认为，一旦我们踏入太空，我们的未来应该是安全的。 现在许多国家，如美国、俄罗斯和中国，都在建造空间站并将宇航员送往那里。这些国家计划在未来的太空旅行中进行合作。 火箭科学家罗伯特认为这些国家这样做是正确的。人类应该移居到其他行星并在那里建立新的家园。他相信在接下来的几十年里，到火星旅行是可能的。在那之后，我们可以在其他行星上工作和生活。我们在科学、技术、医药和健康方面取得的任何进步都将对地球上的人们有益。 SpaceX是一家制造火箭的公司。其首席执行官也同意将人类送往火星。他的长期计划是，如果地球上我们这里发生了什么不好的事情，就把一百万人送到那里去。但并非所有人都同意他的想法。许多人说这太昂贵了。而且，大多数太空旅行并不短暂。去火星的单程旅行至少需要六个月。漫长的旅程对宇航员来说将是一个巨大的挑战。更重要的是，首批前往的人会发现太空中的生活极其艰难。在这样行星的表面，太阳光线非常危险。人们大部分时间将不得不待在室内。 尽管面临种种困难，人类仍在继续探索太空。俗话说：“我的征途是星辰大海。”我们可能会在其他行星上看到城市，甚至新的人类文化。 【重难词汇梳理】 单词 / 短语 音标（美式） 词性 中文释义 space station /speɪs ˈsteɪ.ʃən/ n.短语 空间站 astronaut /ˈæs.trə.nɑːt/ n. 宇航员 rocket /ˈrɑː.kɪt/ n. 火箭 improvement /ɪmˈpruːv.mənt/ n. 进步；改进 technology /tekˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/ n. 技术；科技 long-term /ˈlɑːŋ.tɜːrm/ adj. 长期的 one-way /ˌwʌnˈweɪ/ adj. 单程的 surface /ˈsɜːr.fɪs/ n. 表面；表层 ray /reɪ/ n. 光线；射线 conquest /ˈkɑːŋ.kwest/ n. 征服；征途 step into /step ˈɪn.tuː/ 短语 进入；踏入 do good to /duː ɡʊd tuː/ 短语 对……有益 at least /æt liːst/ 短语 至少 what's more /wɑːts mɔːr/ 短语 更重要的是；而且 PassageB Katherine Johnson — Hidden Math Hero Katherine Johnson was a brilliant African-American mathematician from the US. In the 1960s, NASA faced a hard task: sending humans into space safely. Back then, computers were not fully reliable, so they needed top human mathematicians to check all flight data. At that time, unfair rules separated women and black workers from white male teams. Katherine was given low-paying jobs at first and was not allowed to take part in core space planning. But her excellent calculating skills quickly drew leaders’ attention. In 1962, the famous Mercury-Atlas 6 flight carried astronaut John Glenn into orbit. Before takeoff, Glenn refused to board unless Katherine double-checked all flight numbers. She finished the complex math work in a short time and proved the flight path was safe. The mission succeeded perfectly. Later, she joined the moon landing project. For years, she solved hard space math problems without high-tech machines. Her exact calculations helped Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969. Katherine’s story shows that talent never has limits from race or gender. It was brave of her to fight for equal chances and stick to her love for math. Her spirit still inspires girls who love science today. 1．Which organization did Katherine Johnson work for? A．WHO B．NASA C．UNICEF D．WWF 2．Why did John Glenn wait for Katherine’s check before flying? A．He didn’t trust machine calculations. B．He wanted to chat with her first. C．The rules forced him to do so. D．He needed her to design the spaceship. 3．Which flight did Katherine help complete in 1962? A．Apollo 11 moon flight. B．Mercury-Atlas 6 flight. C．Mars exploration flight. D．Space station flight. 4．What did Katherine do for the Apollo 11 mission? A．Built new space computers. B．Calculated accurate flight data. C．Trained new astronauts. D．Wrote space science textbooks. 5．What is the main idea of this text? A．Old computers were useless for space tasks. B．Katherine broke barriers and made key space math contributions. C．Women could not work for space projects long ago. D．Moon landing only depended on modern machines. 长难句解析 1.原句：（第三段第二句）Before takeoff, Glenn refused to board unless Katherine double-checked all flight numbers. 译文：起飞前，格伦拒绝登机，除非凯瑟琳再次核对了所有的飞行数据。 分析：主干是 Glenn refused to board，unless Katherine double-checked all flight numbers 是条件状语从句，意为“除非……否则不……”。refuse to do 表示“拒绝做某事”。unless 引导条件状语从句，相当于 if... not，意为“除非、如果不”，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现原则）。 2.原句：（第三段第三句）She finished the complex math work in a short time and proved the flight path was safe. 译文：她在短时间内完成了复杂的数学计算，并证明了飞行路径是安全的。 分析：主干是 She finished the work and proved...，由 and 连接两个并列谓语。the flight path was safe 是宾语从句，作 proved 的宾语（省略了 that）。prove + 宾语从句 意为“证明……”。宾语从句中省略引导词 that 是常见现象。in a short time 意为“在短时间内”。 3.原句：（第五段第二句） It was brave of her to fight for equal chances and stick to her love for math. 译文：她勇于为平等机会而斗争，并坚持对数学的热爱，这是非常勇敢的。 分析：It was brave of her to do... 是 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do 句型，It 作形式主语，真正的主语是两个并列的不定式短语 to fight for... 和 (to) stick to...。fight for 意为“为……而斗争”，stick to 意为“坚持”。 译文 凯瑟琳·约翰逊——隐藏的数学英雄 凯瑟琳·约翰逊是一位来自美国的杰出的非裔美国数学家。在20世纪60年代，美国宇航局面临一项艰巨的任务：将人类安全送入太空。当时，计算机并不完全可靠，所以他们需要顶尖的人类数学家来检查所有飞行数据。 那时，不公平的规则将女性和黑人工人从白人男性团队中分离出来。凯瑟琳起初只得到低薪工作，并且不被允许参与核心太空规划。但她出色的计算能力很快引起了领导们的注意。 1962年，著名的水星-宇宙神6号飞行任务将宇航员约翰·格伦送入轨道。起飞前，格伦拒绝登机，除非凯瑟琳再次核对了所有的飞行数据。她在短时间内完成了复杂的数学计算，并证明了飞行路径是安全的。这次任务完美成功。 后来，她参与了登月项目。多年来，她在没有高科技机器的情况下解决了困难的太空数学问题。她精确的计算帮助阿波罗11号在1969年成功登月。 凯瑟琳的故事表明，天赋从不受种族或性别的限制。她勇于为平等机会而斗争，并坚持对数学的热爱，这是非常勇敢的。她的精神至今仍然激励着热爱科学的女孩们。 【重难词汇梳理】 单词 / 短语 音标（美式） 词性 中文释义 brilliant /ˈbrɪl.jənt/ adj. 杰出的；聪颖的 mathematician /ˌmæθ.ə.məˈtɪʃ.ən/ n. 数学家 reliable /rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/ adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 calculate /ˈkæl.kjə.leɪt/ v. 计算；核算 calculating /ˈkæl.kjə.leɪ.t̬ɪŋ/ adj. 计算用的；精于计算的 core /kɔːr/ adj./n. 核心的；核心 orbit /ˈɔːr.bɪt/ n. 轨道 takeoff /ˈteɪk.ɑːf/ n. 起飞（名词） double-check /ˌdʌb.əlˈtʃek/ v. 复核；仔细检查 complex /kəmˈpleks/ adj. 复杂的 mission /ˈmɪʃ.ən/ n. 任务；使命 gender /ˈdʒen.dɚ/ n. 性别 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪr/ v. 激励；鼓舞 stick to /stɪk tuː/ 短语 坚持；坚守 1. Looking up at the night sky, we are reminded of how small we are — and yet, how big our dreams can be. (仰望夜空时，我们意识到自己多么渺小——然而我们的梦想可以多么宏大。) 2. Every star in the sky is a sun in another world, possibly with its own story to tell. (天空中的每一颗恒星都是另一个世界的太阳，或许也有自己的故事。) 3. Space exploration is not about escaping Earth; it is about making Earth a better place by expanding our knowledge. (太空探索不是为了逃离地球，而是通过拓展知识让地球变得更好。) 4. The unknown does not frighten those who are willing to explore; it excites them. (未知不会吓倒愿意探索的人；它只会让他们兴奋。) 5. The journey into space is not just a journey outward; it is also a journey inward, into the depth of human potential. (太空之旅不仅是向外的旅程，也是向内的旅程——深入人类潜能的深处。) 6. What seems impossible today often becomes tomorrow's reality — history has shown us that time and time again. (今天看似不可能的事，常常成为明天的现实——历史一次又一次地证明了这一点。) 7. Every step we take beyond our planet is a step toward understanding our place in the universe. (我们向地球之外迈出的每一步，都是向理解我们在宇宙中的位置迈出的一步。) 8. Failure in exploration is not a dead end; it is a stepping stone to success. (探索中的失败不是死路，而是通往成功的垫脚石。) 9. The stars do not shine for us, but we can choose to be inspired by their light. (星星并非为我们而闪耀，但我们可以选择被它们的光芒所激励。) 10. No dream is too big when the universe itself is infinite. (当宇宙本身是无限的，就没有任何梦想是太大的。) 11. Science is not about having all the answers — it's about asking better questions. (科学不是拥有所有答案——而是提出更好的问题。) 12. Every generation stands on the shoulders of those who came before, reaching a little higher toward the stars. (每一代人都站在前人的肩膀上，向着星辰再攀高一点。) 13. It is not the destination in space that matters most, but the discoveries we make along the way. (太空探索中最重要的不是目的地，而是沿途的发现。) 14. The desire to know what lies beyond has always been what makes us truly human. (想知道远方有什么的渴望，一直是使我们真正成为人的东西。) 15. When we look at the stars, we are looking at the past, but dreaming of the future. (当我们仰望星辰时，我们看到的是过去，却在梦想着未来。) Passage1 (2026·四川省广元市)The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes below the surface of Mars. Billions of years ago, the climate of Mars was warm and wet and had the possibility for hosting microbial (微生物的) life. Scientists are not 100 percent sure what happened to water on it. One popular general idea is solar (太阳的) wind. According to the idea, the solar wind likely blew away CO2 as well as small drops of water from air on Mars over the past billion years, leaving the planet with only 10 percent of its beginning amount of water today. It is just like when we get our skin wet and there are small drops of water on the surface, the wind will finally dry us off, and the water will be carried away. This is very likely to happen to Mars, causing the surface to become hard and dry. This discovery was made with the help of the European Space Agency’s Mars Express spaceship, which sent out radio waves to the planet’s surface. Scientists decided what material their radio waves met with. The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity (反射率), which is why scientists believe that water is stored below the surface. With temperatures as low as the average on Mars, water is supposed to be frozen. But scientists think that water on Mars is able to keep a water form because of the high level of the salt—so high that the possibility of active life surviving in such a condition is pretty low. With the salty water and an unsuitable climate, Mars is now not fit to live on. But scientists are still trying to learn more about the life forms that once possibly lived on the planet. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代) in paragraph 2? A．Earth. B．Solar surface. C．Mars. D．Microbial life. 2．Why is the human’s skin mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To explain the great influence of solar wind. B．To provide further information about Mars. C．To stress the importance of water on Mars. D．To suggest keeping skin from getting dry. 3．How did the researchers prove there is water on Mars? A．By sending out the spaceship to Mars. B．By measuring the amount of salt on Mars. C．By checking the materials collected from Mars. D．By noticing the number of reflected radio waves. 4．What do scientists think of the future living on Mars? A．Comfortable. B．Hopeful. C．Disappointed. D．Uncaring. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．The Exploration of Energy on Mars B．The Situation of Living Things on Mars C．The Explanation of The Climate on Mars D．The Discovery of Saltwater Lakes on Mars 长难句解析 1.原句：（第一段第一句）The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes below the surface of Mars. 译文：  在一项研究证实了火星表面下方存在盐水湖的发现之后，在火星上居住的可能性正在被探索中。 分析：主干是 The possibility is being explored，of living on Mars 是介词短语作后置定语修饰 The possibility，after a study proved... 是时间状语从句。从句中 the discovery of saltwater lakes below the surface of Mars 作 proved 的宾语。is being explored 是现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正在被探索”。proved 后接宾语（名词短语）而非宾语从句。below the surface 意为“在表面下方”。 2.原句：（第二段第四句）According to the idea, the solar wind likely blew away CO2 as well as small drops of water from air on Mars over the past billion years, leaving the planet with only 10 percent of its beginning amount of water today. 译文：根据这一观点，在过去的十亿年里，太阳风很可能吹走了火星大气中的二氧化碳以及小水滴，使得这颗行星如今只剩下其初始水量的10%。 分析：主干是 the solar wind blew away CO2 as well as small drops of water。from air on Mars 是地点状语，over the past billion years 是时间状语，leaving the planet with... 是现在分词短语作结果状语。as well as 连接并列宾语，意为“以及、也”。over the past billion years 常与现在完成时连用，但此处用了一般过去时 blew（描述已发生的事实）。现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 3.原句：（第四段第三句）The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity, which is why scientists believe that water is stored below the surface. 译文：那些被认为有水体的区域具有高反射率，这就是为什么科学家们相信水储存在地表之下。 分析：主干是 The area had high reflectivity，with the supposed bodies of water 是介词短语作后置定语修饰 The area，which is why... 是非限制性定语从句，其中 why scientists believe that... 是表语从句。supposed 作形容词，意为“被认为的、所谓的”。which 指代前面整个句子。believe that... 后接宾语从句，that water is stored... 是宾语从句。 【重难词汇梳理】 单词 / 短语 音标（美式） 词性 中文释义 possibility /ˌpɑː.səˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/ n. 可能性 saltwater /ˈsɑːlt.wɑː.t̬ɚ/ n. 盐水 climate /ˈklaɪ.mət/ n. 气候 microbial /maɪˈkroʊ.bi.əl/ adj. 微生物的 solar /ˈsoʊ.lɚ/ adj. 太阳的 reflectivity /ˌriː.flekˈtɪv.ə.t̬i/ n. 反射率 frozen /ˈfroʊ.zən/ adj. 冻结的；结冰的 unsuitable /ʌnˈsuː.t̬ə.bəl/ adj. 不适合的 blow away /bloʊ əˈweɪ/ 短语 吹走；驱散 be supposed to /biː səˈpoʊzd tuː/ 短语 被认为；本该 be fit to /biː fɪt tuː/ 短语 适合…… send out /send aʊt/ 短语 发出；发送 below the surface /bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈsɜːr.fɪs/ 短语 在地表之下 Passage2 What would it be like to live on Mars? The movie The Martian has given us some answers. It follows an astronaut named Mark who is left on Mars for nearly two years. In order to live on Mars, Mark finds a way to grow potatoes in a special room. He wears a spacesuit when he is outside his “home”. However, Mark has to face many difficulties, such as dust storms. In fact, just like in the movie, walking on the surface of Mars without a suit is a bad idea. Your skin would be peeled away like pieces of burning paper; your blood would turn to steam (水蒸气) and you would die within half a minute. There is bad radiation (辐射) and dust storms. So people would most likely live in underground homes. If technology improves, more people and construction (建筑) materials may be sent to Mars. Only then could people build houses on the surface. And life would start to look like that on Earth. On Mars, people could grow crops, such as wheat and potatoes, in special boxes. They could help make oxygen for humans to breathe like trees do on Earth. But it won’t be an easy thing. How can people move around Mars? People have suggested cars, bikes, trains, cable cars and planes. However, there are no official plans saying exactly what humans will use. 1．What does Mark do to live on Mars? A．He grows potatoes. B．He builds a special house. C．He lives in a special room. D．He makes himself a spacesuit. 2．A man would only live for ________ seconds at most on Mars without a spacesuit. A．20 B．30 C．40 D．50 3．What does the underlined word “oxygen” mean in Chinese? A．气味 B．营养 C．氧气 D．水分 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．It won’t be easy to grow vegetables on Mars. B．People won’t have to worry about dust storms on Mars. C．People can never build houses on the surface of Mars. D．Humans will use cable cars to move around Mars. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Mark—a great astronaut B．Transportation in the future C．The Martian—a wonderful movie D．Some ideas about the life on Mars 长难句解析 1.原句：（第一段第三句）It follows an astronaut named Mark who is left on Mars for nearly two years. 译文：它讲述了一位名叫马克的宇航员被留在火星上近两年的故事。 分析：主干是 It follows an astronaut。named Mark 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 an astronaut，意为“名叫马克的宇航员”。who is left on Mars for nearly two years 是定语从句，修饰先行词 Mark。过去分词短语作后置定语相当于一个定语从句的省略（who was named Mark）。is left 是被动语态，表示“被留在”。 2.原句：（第二段第二句）Your skin would be peeled away like pieces of burning paper; your blood would turn to steam and you would die within half a minute. 译文：你的皮肤会像燃烧的纸片一样剥落；你的血液会变成水蒸气，你会在半分钟内死亡。 分析：这是一个由分号连接的并列句，包含三个并列分句。三个分句都用 would + 动词原形，表示在假设条件下的推测结果。would be peeled away 是情态动词 would 的被动语态，表推测。like pieces of burning paper 是介词短语作方式状语。turn to 意为“变成”。within half a minute 意为“在半小时之内”。 3.原句：（第二段第五句）If technology improves, more people and construction materials may be sent to Mars. 译文：如果技术得到改善，更多的人员和建筑材料可能会被送往火星。 分析：If technology improves 是条件状语从句，主句是 more people and construction materials may be sent to Mars。主句中使用了被动语态 may be sent。条件状语从句用一般现在时 improves 表将来（主将从现原则）。may be sent 是情态动词 may 的被动语态，表示“可能被发送”。 【重难词汇梳理】 单词 / 短语 音标（美式） 词性 中文释义 astronaut /ˈæs.trə.nɑːt/ n. 宇航员 spacesuit /ˈspeɪs.suːt/ n. 宇航服 dust storm /dʌst stɔːrm/ n.短语 沙尘暴 radiation /ˌreɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ n. 辐射 construction /kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/ n. 建筑；建设 material /məˈtɪr.i.əl/ n. 材料；原料 cable car /ˈkeɪ.bəl kɑːr/ n.短语 缆车 oxygen /ˈɑːk.sɪ.dʒən/ n. 氧气 official /əˈfɪʃ.əl/ adj. 官方的；正式的 peel away /piːl əˈweɪ/ 短语 剥落；脱落 turn to /tɜːrn tuː/ 短语 变成 move around /muːv əˈraʊnd/ 短语 四处移动；走动 on the surface /ɑːn ðə ˈsɜːr.fɪs/ 短语 在表面上 Passage 1 A great scientific discovery amazed the world. Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the moon, which could change how we think about living on the moon in the future! Their discovery shows that by using lunar soil, scientists can get a lot of water on the moon. In the past, the research on the moon showed that there might be ice at the moon’s north and south poles (极). However, there isn’t much water in lunar minerals (矿物)—only a little bit, like 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent, which makes it hard to find and use water there. ________ The researchers, however, found something exciting, after studying the rocks and soil from the moon brought back by the Chang’e-5 spacecraft. One of the exciting things they discovered is that lunar soil melts (熔化) when the temperature rises above 1,000℃. When it begins to melt, it gives off water vapor (蒸汽). They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can produce 5.1 ml to 7.6 ml of water. So, if we had one ton of lunar soil, we could get between 51 kg and 76 kg of water. That’s enough for 50 people to drink for one day! All in all, this research reveals new possibilities for finding water on the moon. It’s important for future trips to the moon and people who might live there someday. As we learn more about how to get water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of humans living on the moon! 1．What may the discovery change according to Paragraph 1? A．The purpose of studying the moon. B．The way to do research on lunar minerals. C．People’s ideas about living on the moon. D．The method to produce water on the earth. 2．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 2? A．So it’s difficult for people to expect to live on the moon. B．So it’s easy for scientists to collect ice on the moon. C．So it’s expensive to get water from lunar minerals. D．So it’s possible to bring water to the moon from the earth. 3．How much water may the researchers get if they have 1,000g of lunar soil? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “reveals” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Loses. B．Hides. C．Needs. D．Shows. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．A new way to get water on the moon. B．Human trips to the moon in the future. C．How human can live on the moon. D．Why the lunar soil produces water vapor. Passage 2 (25-26·广东深圳实验学校初中部)What time is it? The answer you give can be different, because you may be in different time zones (时区) on Earth. But how could you tell the time if you aren’t anywhere on Earth? Scientists are now thinking of creating a lunar (月球的) time zone. They believe it would be better for astronauts to communicate by using Moon Time, as they travel to, from, and across the Moon. At the moment, astronauts are using time zones of their own countries. But there could be safety problems caused by the differences in time-telling. Gravity (引力) influences how quickly or slowly time passes. Since gravity is weaker on the Moon, clocks run a bit faster there. After 24 hours, a lunar clock would be 56 microseconds ahead of a clock on Earth. Another point to consider is that a full day on Earth is about 24 hours between two sunsets. While on the Moon, it is nearly 709 hours, about 29.5 Earth days. This means that lunar nights can be around two weeks long, with only the Earth and the stars in the sky. With all this to think about, scientists need to decide whether it would be better to follow a time zone on Earth, or for the Moon to have its own special zone, which would have much longer days. Scientists must consider other problems too. For example, who should be responsible for keeping the time zone going? And how can it be made practical for astronauts to use? There are more countries planning Moon trips in the future. The idea of creating a time zone on the Moon would make these easier. And if a lunar time zone is set up, scientists could create time zones for other planets like Mars. 1．Why do scientists think it is necessary to create a lunar time zone? A．Because Moon days are shorter than Earth days. B．Because different countries’ time zones may cause safety risks. C．Because astronauts need to sleep longer on the Moon. D．Because it is easier to sell watches on the Moon. 2．If the Moon has its own special time zone, a full day on the Moon is about on Earth. A．56 microseconds B．24 hours C．two weeks D．29.5 days 3．Which sentence can be put in the blank in Paragraph 3? A．Scientists are holding different opinions. B．Setting up a special time zone is important. C．Setting up a lunar time zone is not easy. D．Scientists need to do a lot of experiments. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To give information about space travel. B．To introduce the idea of Moon Time. C．To describe an experience of time travel. D．To share news about landing on Mars. 5．Where might this passage come from? A．A science magazine. B．A travel guide. C．A movie poster. D．A work of science fiction. Passage 3 Imagine looking down at the Earth from a spaceship window. For many years, that was only a dream for ordinary people. But now, things are changing fast. Going to space is no longer just for professional astronauts. In China, the dream of “space tourism” is moving very fast. Recently, several Chinese companies and the national space agency announced plans to take common people into space. While some companies hope to start flights by 2028, experts believe the big "boom" for space travel will likely happen around 2030. Right now, a few private companies are leading the way. One company called “Crosser” has already sold nearly 20 tickets for 3 million yuan each. Another company, CASS Space, recently showed off its “Lihong-2” spacecraft (宇宙飞船), which can carry seven people at a time. To make the trips safe and cheaper, engineers are building rockets that can land back on Earth and be used again, just like airplanes. However, traveling to space is not easy. Safety is the most important part, and it takes many years of testing to make sure everything is perfect. Scientists are also building special launch (发射) sites (地点) in places like Hainan. Even though it is still expensive today, these early tasks are the first steps toward a future where a trip to the stars might be as normal as taking a long flight. The journey to make space travel possible has just begun. The space is no longer far away—it might just be the next stop on your travel list. For young students, this is both an inspiration and a call to work hard. 1．When do experts expect space travel to really take off in China? A．By 2028. B．Around 2030. C．In 2035. 2．Why are engineers building reusable rockets? A．To carry more passengers. B．To make space travel faster. C．To make trips safe and cheaper. 3．What preparations are scientists making for space travel? A．Looking for launch sites. B．Testing to make the trip safe. C．Making the journey comfortable. 4．Which shows the structure of the article? A．①②/③④/⑤ B．①/②③/④⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．The Life of Professional Astronauts. B．The Future of Space Travel in China. C．Chinese Companies Reach for the Stars. Passage 4 China has made remarkable and eye-catching achievements in the aerospace field over the past decades. On 24 May, China’s Shenzhou-23 manned spacecraft 1 (send) up at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center successfully, which marks a new milestone in China’s space exploration. This amazing mission has caught widespread attention across the whole country. Millions of Chinese citizens are filled with 2 (proud) whenever talking about the breakthroughs of our space industry. Three excellent astronauts have been sent into space 3 (carry) out scientific tasks. They will carry out many different kinds of experiments in the space station, which will help China make more progress in space research. Among them is Li Jiaying, who is the 4 (one) female astronaut from Hong Kong. Born in Hong Kong, she holds a doctor’s degree in computer science and once worked as a senior police officer. Li Jiaying 5 (receive) strict professional training over the past two years. She finished more than 200 training subjects and passed all challenging tests with outstanding grades. Experts believe that she 6 (finish) her space experiments smoothly during the long-term mission in the space station. All equipment and plans that are used for this space flight have been 7 (careful) checked by thousands of scientists. The valuable space data from the universe will be recorded and sent back to Earth. The successful launch of Shenzhou-23 fully proves that China’s space technology has become far   8 (strong) than ever before. It takes plenty of time and efforts to realize such great progress. And the researchers will never stop and keep challenging 9 (them) to make new achievements. The story of Li Jiaying tells us that dreams never fail those who keep working hard. And lots of   10 (discover) also come from their long-time hard work. It also encourages teenagers to stick to their goals and make contributions to our great motherland in the future. Passage 5 (25-26九下·安徽马鞍山第七中学)China has made great achievements in space exploration. In 2021, the Tianwen-1 probe successfully 1 on Mars, making China the second country to land a rover on the red planet. The rover was named Zhurong, after a 2 from ancient Chinese stories. The name Zhurong shows the spirit of Chinese people. In the story, Zhurong is the god of fire. He 3 light and warmth to humans. By naming the rover Zhurong, scientists hope it can also bring 4 knowledge about Mars. The Mars mission was very 5 . The probe traveled about 470 million kilometers. It took nearly seven months to reach Mars. The landing process was called the “seven minutes of 6 ” because it was so difficult. Zhurong had to slow down from 20,000 km/h to zero in just seven minutes. After landing, Zhurong worked on Mars for more than 300 days. It sent back many photos and valuable 7 . Scientists learned that there might have been water on Mars a long time ago. China’s space program is developing 8 . In the future, China plans to build a research station on the moon and send astronauts to Mars. Young people are 9 by these achievements to study science and help the country go 10 in space. 1．A．landed B．fell C．climbed D．jumped 2．A．place B．animal C．person D．plant 3．A．hides B．brings C．throws D．borrows 4．A．new B．old C．wrong D．little 5．A．easy B．boring C．dangerous D．challenging 6．A．peace B．danger C．risk D．joy 7．A．money B．time C．information D．energy 8．A．slowly B．quickly C．badly D．carefully 9．A．inspired B．forced C．stopped D．troubled 10．A．farther B．closer C．shorter D．higher 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Looking beyond 超越所见 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 PassageA 阅读还原 议论文 190 讨论了人类探索太空、移居其他行星的可行性与挑战。 PassageB 阅读理解 记叙文 230 介绍非裔美国数学家凯瑟琳・约翰逊。在存在种族和性别歧视的年代，她为NASA完成关键航天数据计算，助力载人航天飞行与阿波罗11号登月，她冲破偏见，用自身成就证明天赋无关种族与性别，激励着后人。 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 330 介绍了‌火星地下咸水湖相关的科学研究与推论，研究证实火星地下存在咸水湖，数十亿年前火星曾温暖宜居，主流观点认为太阳风夺走了火星绝大多数水分，如今靠欧空局探测器的高反射率探测确认了地下储水，但高盐低温环境几乎无法留存生命，当下火星仍不适合居住。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 270 介绍了在火星上生活的情况。 模拟演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 290 介绍中国科学家发现利用月壤在月球制取水的新方法，该发现为月球寻水提供新可能，对人类未来月球探索与定居意义重大。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 340 介绍了设立月球时区这一构想，阐述设立月球时间的必要性、月球时间与地球时间的差异、设立月球时区存在的各类难题，以及该构想对未来星际探索的意义。 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 300 介绍了中国太空旅游的发展现状，包括相关企业的计划、技术研发进展、安全保障措施，并展望了太空旅行未来普及的可能性。 Passage4 语法填空 说明文 300 介绍了中国神舟二十三号载人飞船成功发射这一航天成就，特别介绍了香港首位女航天员黎家盈的经历，并鼓励青少年坚持梦想、报效祖国。 Passage5 完形填空 说明文 190 介绍中国天问一号成功着陆火星及祝融号的工作成果，展现中国太空计划快速发展，激励青少年投身科学探索。 · We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars. – Oscar Wilde 我们都在阴沟里，但仍有人仰望星空。——奥斯卡·王尔德 （爱尔兰作家) · Shoot for the stars; even if you miss, you'll land among the stars. – Les Brown 向星星瞄准；即使射偏，你也会落在星辰之间。——莱斯·布朗 （美国励志演说家） · The impossible is often the untried. – Jim Goodwin 不可能的事情，往往只是未曾尝试过的事情。——吉姆·古德温 （美国作家) · We choose to go to the moon not because it is easy, but because it is hard. – John F. Kennedy 我们选择登月，不是因为这件事容易，而是因为它艰难。——约翰·F·肯尼迪 （美国前总统） · One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. – Neil Armstrong 一个人的一小步，人类的一大步。——尼尔·阿姆斯特朗 （登月第一人） · The Earth is the cradle of humanity, but mankind cannot stay in the cradle forever. – Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 地球是人类的摇篮，但人类不可能永远留在摇篮里。——康斯坦丁·齐奥尔科夫斯基 （俄国航天之父） · Space is for everybody. It's not just for a few people in science or math. – Christa McAuliffe 太空属于每一个人，不仅仅是少数科学家或数学家。——克里斯塔·麦考利夫 （美国教师宇航员） · The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science. – Albert Einstein 我们能体验到的最美的东西就是神秘。它是所有真正的艺术和科学的源泉。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 · Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach for the stars. – Harriet Tubman 每一个伟大的梦想都始于一个追梦人。永远记住，你内心拥有触达星辰的力量、耐心和热情。——哈丽特·塔布曼 （美国废奴主义者） · To confine our attention to terrestrial matters would be to limit the human spirit. –Stephen Hawking 将我们的注意力局限在地球事务上，就是在限制人类的精神。——斯蒂芬·霍金 （英国物理学家） · Looking at the stars always makes me dream. Why shouldn't we dream? – Vincent van Gogh 仰望星空总让我做梦。我们为什么不该做梦呢？——文森特·梵高 （荷兰画家） · The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing. – Albert Einstein 重要的是不要停止提问。好奇心有其存在的理由。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 Passage A Scientists think once we step into space, our future should be safe. Now many countries like the USA, Russia and China are building space stations and sending astronauts there. 1 Robert, a rocket scientist, thinks it is right for the countries to do so. Humans should move to other planets and build new homes there. 2 After that, we could work and live on other planets. Any improvement we make in science, technology, medicine and health will do good to people here on Earth. SpaceX is a company that builds rockets. The CEO also agrees to send humans to Mars. His long-term plan is to put one million people there if some bad things happen to us here on Earth. 3 Many people say it’s too expensive. Also, most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars would take at least six months. 4 What’s more, the first people would find life terribly difficult in space. On such planets’ surfaces, the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay inside most of the time. 5 As the saying goes, “My conquest (征途) is the sea of stars.” We might see cities or even new human cultures on other planets. A．Not everyone agrees with them. B．This could make their countries richer. C．It’s impossible for us to realize the dream. D．People might face many health problems on the way. E．In the future, sending people into space seems certain. F．But first we should learn to live in space stations. G．These stations will prepare humans to visit and live on other planets. 长难句解析 1. 原句：（第三段第四句）Any improvement we make in science, technology, medicine and health will do good to people here on Earth. 译文：我们在科学、技术、医药和健康方面取得的任何进步都将对地球上的人们有益。 分析：主干是 Any improvement will do good to people。we make in science... 是定语从句修饰 improvement（省略了关系代词 that），here on Earth 是地点状语。do good to sb. 是固定短语，意为“对某人有好处”，good 在此作名词。 2.原句：（第四段第二句）His long-term plan is to put one million people there if some bad things happen to us here on Earth. 译文：他的长期计划是，如果地球上我们这里发生了什么不好的事情，就把一百万人送到那里去。 分析：主干是 His long-term plan is to put one million people there，if some bad things happen to us here on Earth 是条件状语从句。不定式 to put... 作表语。happen to sb. 意为“某人发生某事”。条件状语从句中，主句用一般现在时 is，从句用一般现在时 happen（主将从现原则，但主句是系表结构 is to do，表将来计划）。 3.原句：（第四第十句）On such planets' surfaces, the sun's rays are very dangerous. 译文：在这样行星的表面，太阳光线非常危险。 分析：On such planets' surfaces 是介词短语作地点状语，主干是 the sun's rays are very dangerous。such 修饰名词 planets'，意为“这样的”。surfaces 为复数形式，指多个行星的表面。rays 意为“光线、射线”。 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．A 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了人类探索太空、移居其他行星的可行性与挑战。 【解析】1．前一句提到“Now many countries like the USA, Russia and China are building space stations and sending astronauts there”，说明多个国家正在建设空间站并派遣宇航员。空缺处应说明这些空间站的作用和意义。选项G“These stations will prepare humans to visit and live on other planets”承接前文，指出空间站将为人类访问和居住在其他星球做好准备，与后文罗伯特关于移居其他行星的观点形成铺垫。 2．前一句提到“Humans should move to other planets and build new homes there”，说明罗伯特认为人类应该移居其他行星。后一句提到“After that, we could work and live on other planets”，说明在某一步骤之后我们就可以在其他行星上工作和生活。空缺处应说明移居其他行星之前的必要步骤。选项F“But first we should learn to live in space stations”与后文“After that”形成时间上的先后关系，指出首先要学会在空间站生活。 3．前文介绍了支持太空移民的观点，后文提到“Many people say it’s too expensive”以及“most space trips are not short”等反对意见。空缺处应引出不同声音。选项A“Not everyone agrees with them”承上启下，自然引出下文对太空移民计划的质疑和批评。 4．前一句提到“A one-way trip to Mars would take at least six months”，说明前往火星的单程旅行至少需要六个月。空缺处应说明长时间太空旅行可能带来的问题。选项D“People might face many health problems on the way”与前文时间长度形成因果关系，指出漫长的旅程可能导致健康问题。 5．后文引用名言“My conquest is the sea of stars”，并展望未来可能在其他行星上出现城市甚至新的人类文化。空缺处作为段落首句，应概括人类进入太空的必然趋势。选项E“In the future, sending people into space seems certain”与后文对未来的美好展望形成总分关系，奠定了该段积极乐观的基调。 译文 科学家们认为，一旦我们踏入太空，我们的未来应该是安全的。 现在许多国家，如美国、俄罗斯和中国，都在建造空间站并将宇航员送往那里。这些国家计划在未来的太空旅行中进行合作。 火箭科学家罗伯特认为这些国家这样做是正确的。人类应该移居到其他行星并在那里建立新的家园。他相信在接下来的几十年里，到火星旅行是可能的。在那之后，我们可以在其他行星上工作和生活。我们在科学、技术、医药和健康方面取得的任何进步都将对地球上的人们有益。 SpaceX是一家制造火箭的公司。其首席执行官也同意将人类送往火星。他的长期计划是，如果地球上我们这里发生了什么不好的事情，就把一百万人送到那里去。但并非所有人都同意他的想法。许多人说这太昂贵了。而且，大多数太空旅行并不短暂。去火星的单程旅行至少需要六个月。漫长的旅程对宇航员来说将是一个巨大的挑战。更重要的是，首批前往的人会发现太空中的生活极其艰难。在这样行星的表面，太阳光线非常危险。人们大部分时间将不得不待在室内。 尽管面临种种困难，人类仍在继续探索太空。俗话说：“我的征途是星辰大海。”我们可能会在其他行星上看到城市，甚至新的人类文化。 【重难词汇梳理】 单词 / 短语 音标（美式） 词性 中文释义 space station /speɪs ˈsteɪ.ʃən/ n.短语 空间站 astronaut /ˈæs.trə.nɑːt/ n. 宇航员 rocket /ˈrɑː.kɪt/ n. 火箭 improvement /ɪmˈpruːv.mənt/ n. 进步；改进 technology /tekˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/ n. 技术；科技 long-term /ˈlɑːŋ.tɜːrm/ adj. 长期的 one-way /ˌwʌnˈweɪ/ adj. 单程的 surface /ˈsɜːr.fɪs/ n. 表面；表层 ray /reɪ/ n. 光线；射线 conquest /ˈkɑːŋ.kwest/ n. 征服；征途 step into /step ˈɪn.tuː/ 短语 进入；踏入 do good to /duː ɡʊd tuː/ 短语 对……有益 at least /æt liːst/ 短语 至少 what's more /wɑːts mɔːr/ 短语 更重要的是；而且 PassageB Katherine Johnson — Hidden Math Hero Katherine Johnson was a brilliant African-American mathematician from the US. In the 1960s, NASA faced a hard task: sending humans into space safely. Back then, computers were not fully reliable, so they needed top human mathematicians to check all flight data. At that time, unfair rules separated women and black workers from white male teams. Katherine was given low-paying jobs at first and was not allowed to take part in core space planning. But her excellent calculating skills quickly drew leaders’ attention. In 1962, the famous Mercury-Atlas 6 flight carried astronaut John Glenn into orbit. Before takeoff, Glenn refused to board unless Katherine double-checked all flight numbers. She finished the complex math work in a short time and proved the flight path was safe. The mission succeeded perfectly. Later, she joined the moon landing project. For years, she solved hard space math problems without high-tech machines. Her exact calculations helped Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969. Katherine’s story shows that talent never has limits from race or gender. It was brave of her to fight for equal chances and stick to her love for math. Her spirit still inspires girls who love science today. 1．Which organization did Katherine Johnson work for? A．WHO B．NASA C．UNICEF D．WWF 2．Why did John Glenn wait for Katherine’s check before flying? A．He didn’t trust machine calculations. B．He wanted to chat with her first. C．The rules forced him to do so. D．He needed her to design the spaceship. 3．Which flight did Katherine help complete in 1962? A．Apollo 11 moon flight. B．Mercury-Atlas 6 flight. C．Mars exploration flight. D．Space station flight. 4．What did Katherine do for the Apollo 11 mission? A．Built new space computers. B．Calculated accurate flight data. C．Trained new astronauts. D．Wrote space science textbooks. 5．What is the main idea of this text? A．Old computers were useless for space tasks. B．Katherine broke barriers and made key space math contributions. C．Women could not work for space projects long ago. D．Moon landing only depended on modern machines. 长难句解析 1.原句：（第三段第二句）Before takeoff, Glenn refused to board unless Katherine double-checked all flight numbers. 译文：起飞前，格伦拒绝登机，除非凯瑟琳再次核对了所有的飞行数据。 分析：主干是 Glenn refused to board，unless Katherine double-checked all flight numbers 是条件状语从句，意为“除非……否则不……”。refuse to do 表示“拒绝做某事”。unless 引导条件状语从句，相当于 if... not，意为“除非、如果不”，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现原则）。 2.原句：（第三段第三句）She finished the complex math work in a short time and proved the flight path was safe. 译文：她在短时间内完成了复杂的数学计算，并证明了飞行路径是安全的。 分析：主干是 She finished the work and proved...，由 and 连接两个并列谓语。the flight path was safe 是宾语从句，作 proved 的宾语（省略了 that）。prove + 宾语从句 意为“证明……”。宾语从句中省略引导词 that 是常见现象。in a short time 意为“在短时间内”。 3.原句：（第五段第二句） It was brave of her to fight for equal chances and stick to her love for math. 译文：她勇于为平等机会而斗争，并坚持对数学的热爱，这是非常勇敢的。 分析：It was brave of her to do... 是 It is + adj. + of sb. + to do 句型，It 作形式主语，真正的主语是两个并列的不定式短语 to fight for... 和 (to) stick to...。fight for 意为“为……而斗争”，stick to 意为“坚持”。 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文介绍非裔美国数学家凯瑟琳・约翰逊。在存在种族和性别歧视的年代，她为NASA完成关键航天数据计算，助力载人航天飞行与阿波罗11号登月，她冲破偏见，用自身成就证明天赋无关种族与性别，激励着后人。 【解析】1．根据第一段“Katherine Johnson was a brilliant African-American mathematician from the US. In the 1960s, NASA faced a hard task”可知，她就职于NASA（美国国家航空航天局）。 2．根据第一段“Back then, computers were not fully reliable, so they needed top human mathematicians to check all flight data.”和第三段“Glenn refused to board unless Katherine double-checked all flight numbers.”可知，当时电脑不够可靠，他不信任机器算出的数据，一定要凯瑟琳复核数据。 3．根据第三段“In 1962, the famous Mercury-Atlas 6 flight carried astronaut John Glenn into orbit.”可知，1962年水星-大力神6号飞行任务将宇航员约翰・格伦送入太空轨道。 4．根据第四段“Her exact calculations helped Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969.”可知，她依靠精准的数据计算助力阿波罗11号登月。 5．通读全文以及最后一段“Katherine’s story shows that talent never has limits from race or gender.”可知，文章讲述凯瑟琳冲破种族、性别歧视，凭借数学能力为航天事业做出重大贡献。 译文 凯瑟琳·约翰逊——隐藏的数学英雄 凯瑟琳·约翰逊是一位来自美国的杰出的非裔美国数学家。在20世纪60年代，美国宇航局面临一项艰巨的任务：将人类安全送入太空。当时，计算机并不完全可靠，所以他们需要顶尖的人类数学家来检查所有飞行数据。 那时，不公平的规则将女性和黑人工人从白人男性团队中分离出来。凯瑟琳起初只得到低薪工作，并且不被允许参与核心太空规划。但她出色的计算能力很快引起了领导们的注意。 1962年，著名的水星-宇宙神6号飞行任务将宇航员约翰·格伦送入轨道。起飞前，格伦拒绝登机，除非凯瑟琳再次核对了所有的飞行数据。她在短时间内完成了复杂的数学计算，并证明了飞行路径是安全的。这次任务完美成功。 后来，她参与了登月项目。多年来，她在没有高科技机器的情况下解决了困难的太空数学问题。她精确的计算帮助阿波罗11号在1969年成功登月。 凯瑟琳的故事表明，天赋从不受种族或性别的限制。她勇于为平等机会而斗争，并坚持对数学的热爱，这是非常勇敢的。她的精神至今仍然激励着热爱科学的女孩们。 【重难词汇梳理】 单词 / 短语 音标（美式） 词性 中文释义 brilliant /ˈbrɪl.jənt/ adj. 杰出的；聪颖的 mathematician /ˌmæθ.ə.məˈtɪʃ.ən/ n. 数学家 reliable /rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/ adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 calculate /ˈkæl.kjə.leɪt/ v. 计算；核算 calculating /ˈkæl.kjə.leɪ.t̬ɪŋ/ adj. 计算用的；精于计算的 core /kɔːr/ adj./n. 核心的；核心 orbit /ˈɔːr.bɪt/ n. 轨道 takeoff /ˈteɪk.ɑːf/ n. 起飞（名词） double-check /ˌdʌb.əlˈtʃek/ v. 复核；仔细检查 complex /kəmˈpleks/ adj. 复杂的 mission /ˈmɪʃ.ən/ n. 任务；使命 gender /ˈdʒen.dɚ/ n. 性别 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪr/ v. 激励；鼓舞 stick to /stɪk tuː/ 短语 坚持；坚守 1. Looking up at the night sky, we are reminded of how small we are — and yet, how big our dreams can be. (仰望夜空时，我们意识到自己多么渺小——然而我们的梦想可以多么宏大。) 2. Every star in the sky is a sun in another world, possibly with its own story to tell. (天空中的每一颗恒星都是另一个世界的太阳，或许也有自己的故事。) 3. Space exploration is not about escaping Earth; it is about making Earth a better place by expanding our knowledge. (太空探索不是为了逃离地球，而是通过拓展知识让地球变得更好。) 4. The unknown does not frighten those who are willing to explore; it excites them. (未知不会吓倒愿意探索的人；它只会让他们兴奋。) 5. The journey into space is not just a journey outward; it is also a journey inward, into the depth of human potential. (太空之旅不仅是向外的旅程，也是向内的旅程——深入人类潜能的深处。) 6. What seems impossible today often becomes tomorrow's reality — history has shown us that time and time again. (今天看似不可能的事，常常成为明天的现实——历史一次又一次地证明了这一点。) 7. Every step we take beyond our planet is a step toward understanding our place in the universe. (我们向地球之外迈出的每一步，都是向理解我们在宇宙中的位置迈出的一步。) 8. Failure in exploration is not a dead end; it is a stepping stone to success. (探索中的失败不是死路，而是通往成功的垫脚石。) 9. The stars do not shine for us, but we can choose to be inspired by their light. (星星并非为我们而闪耀，但我们可以选择被它们的光芒所激励。) 10. No dream is too big when the universe itself is infinite. (当宇宙本身是无限的，就没有任何梦想是太大的。) 11. Science is not about having all the answers — it's about asking better questions. (科学不是拥有所有答案——而是提出更好的问题。) 12. Every generation stands on the shoulders of those who came before, reaching a little higher toward the stars. (每一代人都站在前人的肩膀上，向着星辰再攀高一点。) 13. It is not the destination in space that matters most, but the discoveries we make along the way. (太空探索中最重要的不是目的地，而是沿途的发现。) 14. The desire to know what lies beyond has always been what makes us truly human. (想知道远方有什么的渴望，一直是使我们真正成为人的东西。) 15. When we look at the stars, we are looking at the past, but dreaming of the future. (当我们仰望星辰时，我们看到的是过去，却在梦想着未来。) Passage1 (2026·四川省广元市)The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes below the surface of Mars. Billions of years ago, the climate of Mars was warm and wet and had the possibility for hosting microbial (微生物的) life. Scientists are not 100 percent sure what happened to water on it. One popular general idea is solar (太阳的) wind. According to the idea, the solar wind likely blew away CO2 as well as small drops of water from air on Mars over the past billion years, leaving the planet with only 10 percent of its beginning amount of water today. It is just like when we get our skin wet and there are small drops of water on the surface, the wind will finally dry us off, and the water will be carried away. This is very likely to happen to Mars, causing the surface to become hard and dry. This discovery was made with the help of the European Space Agency’s Mars Express spaceship, which sent out radio waves to the planet’s surface. Scientists decided what material their radio waves met with. The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity (反射率), which is why scientists believe that water is stored below the surface. With temperatures as low as the average on Mars, water is supposed to be frozen. But scientists think that water on Mars is able to keep a water form because of the high level of the salt—so high that the possibility of active life surviving in such a condition is pretty low. With the salty water and an unsuitable climate, Mars is now not fit to live on. But scientists are still trying to learn more about the life forms that once possibly lived on the planet. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代) in paragraph 2? A．Earth. B．Solar surface. C．Mars. D．Microbial life. 2．Why is the human’s skin mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To explain the great influence of solar wind. B．To provide further information about Mars. C．To stress the importance of water on Mars. D．To suggest keeping skin from getting dry. 3．How did the researchers prove there is water on Mars? A．By sending out the spaceship to Mars. B．By measuring the amount of salt on Mars. C．By checking the materials collected from Mars. D．By noticing the number of reflected radio waves. 4．What do scientists think of the future living on Mars? A．Comfortable. B．Hopeful. C．Disappointed. D．Uncaring. 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．The Exploration of Energy on Mars B．The Situation of Living Things on Mars C．The Explanation of The Climate on Mars D．The Discovery of Saltwater Lakes on Mars 长难句解析 1.原句：（第一段第一句）The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes below the surface of Mars. 译文：  在一项研究证实了火星表面下方存在盐水湖的发现之后，在火星上居住的可能性正在被探索中。 分析：主干是 The possibility is being explored，of living on Mars 是介词短语作后置定语修饰 The possibility，after a study proved... 是时间状语从句。从句中 the discovery of saltwater lakes below the surface of Mars 作 proved 的宾语。is being explored 是现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正在被探索”。proved 后接宾语（名词短语）而非宾语从句。below the surface 意为“在表面下方”。 2.原句：（第二段第四句）According to the idea, the solar wind likely blew away CO2 as well as small drops of water from air on Mars over the past billion years, leaving the planet with only 10 percent of its beginning amount of water today. 译文：根据这一观点，在过去的十亿年里，太阳风很可能吹走了火星大气中的二氧化碳以及小水滴，使得这颗行星如今只剩下其初始水量的10%。 分析：主干是 the solar wind blew away CO2 as well as small drops of water。from air on Mars 是地点状语，over the past billion years 是时间状语，leaving the planet with... 是现在分词短语作结果状语。as well as 连接并列宾语，意为“以及、也”。over the past billion years 常与现在完成时连用，但此处用了一般过去时 blew（描述已发生的事实）。现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 3.原句：（第四段第三句）The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity, which is why scientists believe that water is stored below the surface. 译文：那些被认为有水体的区域具有高反射率，这就是为什么科学家们相信水储存在地表之下。 分析：主干是 The area had high reflectivity，with the supposed bodies of water 是介词短语作后置定语修饰 The area，which is why... 是非限制性定语从句，其中 why scientists believe that... 是表语从句。supposed 作形容词，意为“被认为的、所谓的”。which 指代前面整个句子。believe that... 后接宾语从句，that water is stored... 是宾语从句。 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了‌火星地下咸水湖相关的科学研究与推论，研究证实火星地下存在咸水湖，数十亿年前火星曾温暖宜居，主流观点认为太阳风夺走了火星绝大多数水分，如今靠欧空局探测器的高反射率探测确认了地下储水，但高盐低温环境几乎无法留存生命，当下火星仍不适合居住。 【解析】1．根据第二段前一句“Billions of years ago, the climate of Mars was warm and wet...”可知，科学家不确定的是火星上的水发生了什么，因此代词it指代的是Mars。 2．第三段将火星表面水分流失比作风吹干湿润的皮肤（It is just like when we get our skin wet... the wind will finally dry us off），旨在通过类比生动地解释太阳风（solar wind）对火星水分流失的巨大影响，导致火星表面变得干燥。 3．根据第四段“Scientists decided what material their radio waves met with. The area with the supposed bodies of water had high reflectivity...”可知，科学家是通过发射无线电波并检测其反射率（reflected radio waves）来证明火星表面下存在水的。 4．文章最后一段“With the salty water and an unsuitable climate, Mars is now not fit to live on. But scientists are still trying to learn more about the life forms that once possibly lived on the planet.”提到火星目前不适宜居住，但科学家仍在探索火星宜居的可能性、坚持研究火星，说明对未来人类在火星居住仍抱有希望。 5．文章首段即点明主题“The possibility of living on Mars is being explored after a study proved the discovery of saltwater lakes...”，随后围绕火星咸水湖的发现、成因、探测方法及意义展开，因此“火星咸水湖的发现”是最合适的标题。 【重难词汇梳理】 单词 / 短语 音标（美式） 词性 中文释义 possibility /ˌpɑː.səˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/ n. 可能性 saltwater /ˈsɑːlt.wɑː.t̬ɚ/ n. 盐水 climate /ˈklaɪ.mət/ n. 气候 microbial /maɪˈkroʊ.bi.əl/ adj. 微生物的 solar /ˈsoʊ.lɚ/ adj. 太阳的 reflectivity /ˌriː.flekˈtɪv.ə.t̬i/ n. 反射率 frozen /ˈfroʊ.zən/ adj. 冻结的；结冰的 unsuitable /ʌnˈsuː.t̬ə.bəl/ adj. 不适合的 blow away /bloʊ əˈweɪ/ 短语 吹走；驱散 be supposed to /biː səˈpoʊzd tuː/ 短语 被认为；本该 be fit to /biː fɪt tuː/ 短语 适合…… send out /send aʊt/ 短语 发出；发送 below the surface /bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈsɜːr.fɪs/ 短语 在地表之下 Passage2 What would it be like to live on Mars? The movie The Martian has given us some answers. It follows an astronaut named Mark who is left on Mars for nearly two years. In order to live on Mars, Mark finds a way to grow potatoes in a special room. He wears a spacesuit when he is outside his “home”. However, Mark has to face many difficulties, such as dust storms. In fact, just like in the movie, walking on the surface of Mars without a suit is a bad idea. Your skin would be peeled away like pieces of burning paper; your blood would turn to steam (水蒸气) and you would die within half a minute. There is bad radiation (辐射) and dust storms. So people would most likely live in underground homes. If technology improves, more people and construction (建筑) materials may be sent to Mars. Only then could people build houses on the surface. And life would start to look like that on Earth. On Mars, people could grow crops, such as wheat and potatoes, in special boxes. They could help make oxygen for humans to breathe like trees do on Earth. But it won’t be an easy thing. How can people move around Mars? People have suggested cars, bikes, trains, cable cars and planes. However, there are no official plans saying exactly what humans will use. 1．What does Mark do to live on Mars? A．He grows potatoes. B．He builds a special house. C．He lives in a special room. D．He makes himself a spacesuit. 2．A man would only live for ________ seconds at most on Mars without a spacesuit. A．20 B．30 C．40 D．50 3．What does the underlined word “oxygen” mean in Chinese? A．气味 B．营养 C．氧气 D．水分 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．It won’t be easy to grow vegetables on Mars. B．People won’t have to worry about dust storms on Mars. C．People can never build houses on the surface of Mars. D．Humans will use cable cars to move around Mars. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Mark—a great astronaut B．Transportation in the future C．The Martian—a wonderful movie D．Some ideas about the life on Mars 长难句解析 1.原句：（第一段第三句）It follows an astronaut named Mark who is left on Mars for nearly two years. 译文：它讲述了一位名叫马克的宇航员被留在火星上近两年的故事。 分析：主干是 It follows an astronaut。named Mark 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 an astronaut，意为“名叫马克的宇航员”。who is left on Mars for nearly two years 是定语从句，修饰先行词 Mark。过去分词短语作后置定语相当于一个定语从句的省略（who was named Mark）。is left 是被动语态，表示“被留在”。 2.原句：（第二段第二句）Your skin would be peeled away like pieces of burning paper; your blood would turn to steam and you would die within half a minute. 译文：你的皮肤会像燃烧的纸片一样剥落；你的血液会变成水蒸气，你会在半分钟内死亡。 分析：这是一个由分号连接的并列句，包含三个并列分句。三个分句都用 would + 动词原形，表示在假设条件下的推测结果。would be peeled away 是情态动词 would 的被动语态，表推测。like pieces of burning paper 是介词短语作方式状语。turn to 意为“变成”。within half a minute 意为“在半小时之内”。 3.原句：（第二段第五句）If technology improves, more people and construction materials may be sent to Mars. 译文：如果技术得到改善，更多的人员和建筑材料可能会被送往火星。 分析：If technology improves 是条件状语从句，主句是 more people and construction materials may be sent to Mars。主句中使用了被动语态 may be sent。条件状语从句用一般现在时 improves 表将来（主将从现原则）。may be sent 是情态动词 may 的被动语态，表示“可能被发送”。 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了在火星上生活的情况。 【解析】1．细节理解题。根据“In order to live on Mars, Mark finds a way to grow potatoes in a special room.”可知马克在火星上种土豆。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“In fact, just like in the movie, walking on the surface of Mars without a suit is a bad idea. Your skin would be peeled away like pieces of burning paper; your blood would turn to steam (水蒸气) and you would die within half a minute.”可知没有太空服只能生存30秒。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据“They could help make oxygen for humans to breathe like trees do on Earth.”可知横线上的单词与呼吸有关，可推测oxygen意为“氧气”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“On Mars, people could grow crops, such as wheat and potatoes, in special boxes. They could help make oxygen for humans to breathe like trees do on Earth. But it won’t be an easy thing.”可知在火星上种菜不是一件容易的事。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了在火星上生活的情况。故选D。 【重难词汇梳理】 单词 / 短语 音标（美式） 词性 中文释义 astronaut /ˈæs.trə.nɑːt/ n. 宇航员 spacesuit /ˈspeɪs.suːt/ n. 宇航服 dust storm /dʌst stɔːrm/ n.短语 沙尘暴 radiation /ˌreɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ n. 辐射 construction /kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/ n. 建筑；建设 material /məˈtɪr.i.əl/ n. 材料；原料 cable car /ˈkeɪ.bəl kɑːr/ n.短语 缆车 oxygen /ˈɑːk.sɪ.dʒən/ n. 氧气 official /əˈfɪʃ.əl/ adj. 官方的；正式的 peel away /piːl əˈweɪ/ 短语 剥落；脱落 turn to /tɜːrn tuː/ 短语 变成 move around /muːv əˈraʊnd/ 短语 四处移动；走动 on the surface /ɑːn ðə ˈsɜːr.fɪs/ 短语 在表面上 Passage 1 A great scientific discovery amazed the world. Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the moon, which could change how we think about living on the moon in the future! Their discovery shows that by using lunar soil, scientists can get a lot of water on the moon. In the past, the research on the moon showed that there might be ice at the moon’s north and south poles (极). However, there isn’t much water in lunar minerals (矿物)—only a little bit, like 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent, which makes it hard to find and use water there. ________ The researchers, however, found something exciting, after studying the rocks and soil from the moon brought back by the Chang’e-5 spacecraft. One of the exciting things they discovered is that lunar soil melts (熔化) when the temperature rises above 1,000℃. When it begins to melt, it gives off water vapor (蒸汽). They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can produce 5.1 ml to 7.6 ml of water. So, if we had one ton of lunar soil, we could get between 51 kg and 76 kg of water. That’s enough for 50 people to drink for one day! All in all, this research reveals new possibilities for finding water on the moon. It’s important for future trips to the moon and people who might live there someday. As we learn more about how to get water from lunar soil, we get closer to the dream of humans living on the moon! 1．What may the discovery change according to Paragraph 1? A．The purpose of studying the moon. B．The way to do research on lunar minerals. C．People’s ideas about living on the moon. D．The method to produce water on the earth. 2．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 2? A．So it’s difficult for people to expect to live on the moon. B．So it’s easy for scientists to collect ice on the moon. C．So it’s expensive to get water from lunar minerals. D．So it’s possible to bring water to the moon from the earth. 3．How much water may the researchers get if they have 1,000g of lunar soil? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “reveals” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Loses. B．Hides. C．Needs. D．Shows. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．A new way to get water on the moon. B．Human trips to the moon in the future. C．How human can live on the moon. D．Why the lunar soil produces water vapor. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文介绍中国科学家发现利用月壤在月球制取水的新方法，该发现为月球寻水提供新可能，对人类未来月球探索与定居意义重大。 【解析】1．第一段指出“Chinese scientists have already found a new method to produce water on the moon, which could change how we think about living on the moon in the future!”，这项发现会改变人们对于在月球居住的看法。 2．第二段指出“However, there isn’t much water in lunar minerals—only a little bit, like 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent, which makes it hard to find and use water there.”，矿物里水分含量极低，很难取水，因此人类想要在月球居住很困难。 3．第三段指出“They learned that just 100g of lunar soil can produce 5.1 ml to 7.6 ml of water.”，100g月球土壤可产生5.1-7.6ml水，因此1000g月球土壤可产生51-76ml水，对应选项B烧杯图示。 4．最后一段指出“All in all, this research reveals new possibilities for finding water on the moon.”，结合上下文可知，研究为在月球上找水揭示/展现了新的可能性，因此“reveals”意为“展现、揭示”，与“Shows”意思相近。 5．文章围绕中国科学家发现的、从月球土壤中制取水的新方法展开，介绍了这一方法的原理、数据和意义，因此A选项“A new way to get water on the moon”最能概括全文主旨。 Passage 2 (25-26·广东深圳实验学校初中部)What time is it? The answer you give can be different, because you may be in different time zones (时区) on Earth. But how could you tell the time if you aren’t anywhere on Earth? Scientists are now thinking of creating a lunar (月球的) time zone. They believe it would be better for astronauts to communicate by using Moon Time, as they travel to, from, and across the Moon. At the moment, astronauts are using time zones of their own countries. But there could be safety problems caused by the differences in time-telling. Gravity (引力) influences how quickly or slowly time passes. Since gravity is weaker on the Moon, clocks run a bit faster there. After 24 hours, a lunar clock would be 56 microseconds ahead of a clock on Earth. Another point to consider is that a full day on Earth is about 24 hours between two sunsets. While on the Moon, it is nearly 709 hours, about 29.5 Earth days. This means that lunar nights can be around two weeks long, with only the Earth and the stars in the sky. With all this to think about, scientists need to decide whether it would be better to follow a time zone on Earth, or for the Moon to have its own special zone, which would have much longer days. Scientists must consider other problems too. For example, who should be responsible for keeping the time zone going? And how can it be made practical for astronauts to use? There are more countries planning Moon trips in the future. The idea of creating a time zone on the Moon would make these easier. And if a lunar time zone is set up, scientists could create time zones for other planets like Mars. 1．Why do scientists think it is necessary to create a lunar time zone? A．Because Moon days are shorter than Earth days. B．Because different countries’ time zones may cause safety risks. C．Because astronauts need to sleep longer on the Moon. D．Because it is easier to sell watches on the Moon. 2．If the Moon has its own special time zone, a full day on the Moon is about on Earth. A．56 microseconds B．24 hours C．two weeks D．29.5 days 3．Which sentence can be put in the blank in Paragraph 3? A．Scientists are holding different opinions. B．Setting up a special time zone is important. C．Setting up a lunar time zone is not easy. D．Scientists need to do a lot of experiments. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To give information about space travel. B．To introduce the idea of Moon Time. C．To describe an experience of time travel. D．To share news about landing on Mars. 5．Where might this passage come from? A．A science magazine. B．A travel guide. C．A movie poster. D．A work of science fiction. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了设立月球时区这一构想，阐述设立月球时间的必要性、月球时间与地球时间的差异、设立月球时区存在的各类难题，以及该构想对未来星际探索的意义。 【解析】1．根据第二段内容“At the moment, astronauts are using time zones of their own countries. But there could be safety problems caused by the differences in time-telling.”可知，科学家认为建立月球时区是为了避免不同国家时区差异带来的安全风险。 2． 根据第三段内容“While on the Moon, it is nearly 709 hours, about 29.5 Earth days.”可知，月球上的一天大约相当于地球上的29.5天。 3． 第三段先后介绍月球引力影响时间流速、月球昼夜时长和地球差异巨大，存在多重复杂因素需要考量，体现出设立月球时区并不简单。选项C可放在段首总起本段。 4． 通读全文可知，文章从地球时区引入，重点讨论了科学家正在考虑建立月球时区的原因、面临的挑战以及未来的意义。因此作者的写作目的是介绍“月球时间”这一概念。 5． 本文是一篇科普类文章，介绍了关于月球时区的科学构想、引力对时间的影响以及航天计划等非虚构内容，语言客观严谨。这类文章最可能出现在科学杂志。 Passage 3 Imagine looking down at the Earth from a spaceship window. For many years, that was only a dream for ordinary people. But now, things are changing fast. Going to space is no longer just for professional astronauts. In China, the dream of “space tourism” is moving very fast. Recently, several Chinese companies and the national space agency announced plans to take common people into space. While some companies hope to start flights by 2028, experts believe the big "boom" for space travel will likely happen around 2030. Right now, a few private companies are leading the way. One company called “Crosser” has already sold nearly 20 tickets for 3 million yuan each. Another company, CASS Space, recently showed off its “Lihong-2” spacecraft (宇宙飞船), which can carry seven people at a time. To make the trips safe and cheaper, engineers are building rockets that can land back on Earth and be used again, just like airplanes. However, traveling to space is not easy. Safety is the most important part, and it takes many years of testing to make sure everything is perfect. Scientists are also building special launch (发射) sites (地点) in places like Hainan. Even though it is still expensive today, these early tasks are the first steps toward a future where a trip to the stars might be as normal as taking a long flight. The journey to make space travel possible has just begun. The space is no longer far away—it might just be the next stop on your travel list. For young students, this is both an inspiration and a call to work hard. 1．When do experts expect space travel to really take off in China? A．By 2028. B．Around 2030. C．In 2035. 2．Why are engineers building reusable rockets? A．To carry more passengers. B．To make space travel faster. C．To make trips safe and cheaper. 3．What preparations are scientists making for space travel? A．Looking for launch sites. B．Testing to make the trip safe. C．Making the journey comfortable. 4．Which shows the structure of the article? A．①②/③④/⑤ B．①/②③/④⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．The Life of Professional Astronauts. B．The Future of Space Travel in China. C．Chinese Companies Reach for the Stars. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国太空旅游的发展现状，包括相关企业的计划、技术研发进展、安全保障措施，并展望了太空旅行未来普及的可能性。 【解析】1．根据文章第二段最后一句“experts believe the big ‘boom’ for space travel will likely happen around 2030.”可知，专家认为太空旅行的大“繁荣”可能会发生在2030年左右。 2．根据文章第三段最后一句“To make the trips safe and cheaper, engineers are building rockets that can land back on Earth and be used again...”可知，建造可重复使用火箭的目的是为了安全和更便宜。 3．根据文章第四段第二句“Safety is the most important part, and it takes many years of testing to make sure everything is perfect.”可知，科学家正在通过测试来确保一切完美，与B选项测试使旅途安全匹配。注意A选项说的是寻找发射地点，而文中说的是建立特别的发射地点，因此不符合。 4．文章第一段引入太空旅游话题；第二、三、四段分别从计划时间、公司技术、挑战与准备三个方面详细展开论述（主体部分）；第五段总结全文并提出展望。因此结构为①/②③④/⑤。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国太空旅游的发展计划、现状、技术准备及未来展望。A选项“职业宇航员的生活”与文中“不再仅限职业宇航员”不符；C选项“中国公司迈向星辰”过于片面，未涵盖整体太空旅行的未来趋势。B选项“中国太空旅行的未来”最能概括全文主旨。 Passage 4 China has made remarkable and eye-catching achievements in the aerospace field over the past decades. On 24 May, China’s Shenzhou-23 manned spacecraft 1 (send) up at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center successfully, which marks a new milestone in China’s space exploration. This amazing mission has caught widespread attention across the whole country. Millions of Chinese citizens are filled with 2 (proud) whenever talking about the breakthroughs of our space industry. Three excellent astronauts have been sent into space 3 (carry) out scientific tasks. They will carry out many different kinds of experiments in the space station, which will help China make more progress in space research. Among them is Li Jiaying, who is the 4 (one) female astronaut from Hong Kong. Born in Hong Kong, she holds a doctor’s degree in computer science and once worked as a senior police officer. Li Jiaying 5 (receive) strict professional training over the past two years. She finished more than 200 training subjects and passed all challenging tests with outstanding grades. Experts believe that she 6 (finish) her space experiments smoothly during the long-term mission in the space station. All equipment and plans that are used for this space flight have been 7 (careful) checked by thousands of scientists. The valuable space data from the universe will be recorded and sent back to Earth. The successful launch of Shenzhou-23 fully proves that China’s space technology has become far   8 (strong) than ever before. It takes plenty of time and efforts to realize such great progress. And the researchers will never stop and keep challenging 9 (them) to make new achievements. The story of Li Jiaying tells us that dreams never fail those who keep working hard. And lots of   10 (discover) also come from their long-time hard work. It also encourages teenagers to stick to their goals and make contributions to our great motherland in the future. 【答案】 1．was sent 2．pride 3．to carry 4．first 5．has received 6．will finish 7．carefully 8．stronger 9．themselves 10．discoveries 【导语】本文介绍了中国神舟二十三号载人飞船成功发射这一航天成就，特别介绍了香港首位女航天员黎家盈的经历，并鼓励青少年坚持梦想、报效祖国。 【解析】1．句意：5月24日，中国神舟二十三号载人飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射。主语China’s Shenzhou-23 manned spacecraft与send之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was sent。 2．句意：每当谈论起我国航天工业的突破，数百万中国公民都充满自豪。介词of后用名词，proud的名词形式是pride。 3．句意：三名优秀的宇航员被送入太空执行科学任务。此处表示目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to carry。 4．句意：其中一位是黎家盈，她是来自香港的第一位女航天员。表示“第一位”，用序数词，one的序数词是first。 5．句意：黎家盈在过去两年里接受了严格的专业训练。由over the past two years可知，用现在完成时，主语Li Jiaying为第三人称单数，故填has received。 6．句意：专家们相信，她将在空间站的长期任务中顺利完成太空实验。由during the long-term mission可知，表示将来要发生的动作，用一般将来时，故填will finish。 7．句意：用于这次太空飞行的所有设备和计划都经过数千名科学家的仔细检查。修饰动词checked需用副词，careful的副词形式是carefully。 8．句意：神舟二十三号的成功发射充分证明，中国的航天技术已变得比以往任何时候都强大得多。由than ever before可知用比较级，strong的比较级是stronger。 9．句意：研究人员永远不会停止，会不断挑战自己，取得新的成就。主语the researchers与宾语为同一群人，用反身代词表示“他们自己”，故填themselves。 10．句意：许多发现也来自于他们长期的努力工作。lots of后接可数名词复数，discovery的复数形式是discoveries（变y为i加es）。 Passage 5 (25-26九下·安徽马鞍山第七中学)China has made great achievements in space exploration. In 2021, the Tianwen-1 probe successfully 1 on Mars, making China the second country to land a rover on the red planet. The rover was named Zhurong, after a 2 from ancient Chinese stories. The name Zhurong shows the spirit of Chinese people. In the story, Zhurong is the god of fire. He 3 light and warmth to humans. By naming the rover Zhurong, scientists hope it can also bring 4 knowledge about Mars. The Mars mission was very 5 . The probe traveled about 470 million kilometers. It took nearly seven months to reach Mars. The landing process was called the “seven minutes of 6 ” because it was so difficult. Zhurong had to slow down from 20,000 km/h to zero in just seven minutes. After landing, Zhurong worked on Mars for more than 300 days. It sent back many photos and valuable 7 . Scientists learned that there might have been water on Mars a long time ago. China’s space program is developing 8 . In the future, China plans to build a research station on the moon and send astronauts to Mars. Young people are 9 by these achievements to study science and help the country go 10 in space. 1．A．landed B．fell C．climbed D．jumped 2．A．place B．animal C．person D．plant 3．A．hides B．brings C．throws D．borrows 4．A．new B．old C．wrong D．little 5．A．easy B．boring C．dangerous D．challenging 6．A．peace B．danger C．risk D．joy 7．A．money B．time C．information D．energy 8．A．slowly B．quickly C．badly D．carefully 9．A．inspired B．forced C．stopped D．troubled 10．A．farther B．closer C．shorter D．higher 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文介绍中国天问一号成功着陆火星及祝融号的工作成果，展现中国太空计划快速发展，激励青少年投身科学探索。 【解析】1．句意：2021年，天问一号探测器成功着陆火星，使中国成为第二个在这颗红色星球上着陆火星车的国家。 后文说“第二个在这颗红色星球上着陆火星车的国家”，所以天问一号探测器应是“着陆”火星。应选用landed。 2．句意：这辆火星车以中国古代故事中的一个人物命名为“祝融”。 第二段提到“祝融是火神”，属于神话“人物”。应选用person。 3．句意：他给人类带来光明和温暖。 前文说“祝融是火神”，火神的作用是“带来”光明和温暖。应选用brings。 4．句意：通过将火星车命名为“祝融”，科学家们希望它也能带来关于火星的新知识。 第一段提到“天问一号成功着陆火星，中国成为第二个在火星上着陆火星车的国家”，说明此前人类对火星已有一些了解，祝融的任务是带来“新的”有关火星的知识。应选用new。 5．句意：火星任务非常具有挑战性。 后文说探测器飞行了约4.7亿公里，耗时近七个月，说明任务难度很大，很“有挑战性”。应选用challenging。 6．句意：着陆过程被称为“惊险的七分钟”，因为它非常困难。 后文说七分钟内要从时速2万公里降到零，说明充满“危险”。应选用danger。 7．句意：它传回了许多照片和宝贵的信息。 根据“It sent back many photos and valuable...”，传回照片和宝贵的“信息”。应选用information。 8．句意：中国的太空项目正在快速发展。 上文提到“天问一号成功着陆火星”、“祝融号工作了300多天并传回宝贵信息”，下文说“未来中国计划在月球建立研究站并送宇航员上火星”。从过去已取得的成就到未来的宏伟计划，说明中国太空项目的发展速度很“快”。应选用quickly。 9．句意：年轻人受到这些成就的激励，学习科学，帮助国家在太空领域走得更远。 根据“Young people are...by these achievements to study science”，年轻人被成就“激励”去学习科学。应选用inspired。 10．句意：年轻人受到这些成就的激励，学习科学，帮助国家在太空领域走得更远。 根据“help the country go...in space”，帮助国家在太空领域走得“更远”。应选用farther。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $