Unit 1 Back to school 单元语法（句子成分和基本句型）-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦句子成分识别与基本句型归纳，构建“成分-结构”认知链条，强化语法基础逻辑。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项选择|30题|成分识别（主语/谓语/宾语等）、句型判断（S+V/S+V+O等）|从具体成分（如动名词作主语、宾补）到整体句型（如主谓宾宾补），形成层级认知| |按要求完成题目|20题|成分标注、句型归类（中文写出句型类型）|通过成分分析推导句型结构，巩固“成分决定句型”的语法逻辑|

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 1 Back to school 句子成分与基本句型 一、单项选择 1．Tom gave me a present yesterday.  划线部分的成分是 A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾补 2．Talking to him is a mistake.  划线部分的成分是 A．主语 B．表语 C．宾语 D．宾补 3．The best gift for yourself is a healthy lifestyle. A．表语 B．主语 C．宾语 4．He is a clever boy. A．主语 B．表语 C．状语 D．定语 5．The change won’t make you disappointed. (对划线部分进行句子成分划分) A．谓语 B．主语 C．宾补 D．直接宾语 6．Every day, he was forced to work from morning till night. A．adverbial B．predicative C．attributive D．complement 7．The report sounds interesting. A．object B．subject C．complement D．predicative 8．She lost her wallet on the way home. A．object B．verb C．adverbial D．attributive 9．句子 “My sister told me a long story.”中，a long story 是什么句子成分? A．主语 B．直接宾语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 10．The lady in the front of the room seemed to be someone famous. A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．定语 11．John found it no easy job to get concentrated. A．表语 B．宾补 C．宾语 D．间接宾语 12．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 13．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 14．“He is singing in the classroom.” The sentence follows the pattern of ____________. A．主+谓+(状) B．主+谓+双宾 C．主+谓+宾 D．主+谓+宾+宾补 15．“Studying and doing homework seem much more fun.” The sentence follows the pattern of ____________. A．主+谓+宾 B．主+系+表 C．主+谓+双宾 D．主+谓 16．Which part describes the object complement (宾语补足语) of the sentence? “I heard him singing in the room.” A．I B．him C．singing D．in the room 17．Hunters shot antelopes to make profits. A．主+谓 B．主+谓+宾+状语 C．主+谓+双宾语 D．主+系+表 18．Analyze the structure of the following sentence: His words made me smile. A．主谓宾 B．主谓双宾 C．主谓宾宾补 D．主系表 19．She cooked her husband a delicious meal. A．S. V. ID．DO B．S. V. O. C．S. V. O. OC D．S. V. A． 20．The teacher considers this student the most creative in class. 请判断划线部分的句子成分： A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 21．分析句子结构：I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. A．SVP B．SVO C．SVOO D．SVOC 22．分析句子结构：I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A．SVP B．SVO C．SVOO D．SVOC 23．It/ will be/ quite difficult/ to get used to all the homework. A．主+谓+状+宾补B．主+系+表+主 C．主+系+表+状 D．主+系+表+宾补 24．/I/ found/ most of my classmates and teachers/ friendly and helpful. A．主+谓+宾+宾补 B．主+谓+宾+状 C．主+谓+宾+表 D．主+谓+宾+定 25．The sentence structure of “His face turns red.” is _______ A．主语+谓语（S+V） B．主语+谓语+间宾+直宾（S+V+IO+DO） C．主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（S+V+O+OC） D．主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P） 26．I find the story she told us very interesting. 分析句子结构 A．SVOO B．SVOC C．SVOA D．SVP 27．Which sentence pattern does the sentence “Our teacher asked us to finish the homework before class” follow?​ A．S+V+O (主谓宾) B．S+V+IO+DO (主谓双宾) C．S+V+O+C (主谓宾补) D．S+V+P (主系表) 28．Which of the following sentences belongs to the Subject + Predicate structure? A．He is a good boy. B．Birds fly. C．She likes apples. D．My mother bought me a dress. 29．Those students are practicing spoken English in the language lab now. A．SVP B．SV C．SVO D．SVOC 30．The professor will give us a meaningful lecture on environmental protection tomorrow. A．SVOC B．SVP C．SVOO D．SVO 二、按要求完成题目 指出画线部分在下列各个句子中所作的成分 31．To go to bed early is a good habit, so you’d better stick to it. ( ) 32．This pair of shoes is hers. ( ) 33．My hobby is collecting stamps. ( ) 34．We should help the poor. ( ) 35．Bob promised to help me. ( ) 36．Please tell me how the accident came about. ( ) 37．His mother made him stay at home. ( ) 38．The buildings around were badly damaged. ( ) 39．My wish to visit France has come true at last. ( ) 40．Mr Wang raised his voice to be heard by all the students. ( ) 用中文写出下列句子属于哪种基本句型(主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾宾、主谓宾宾补) 41．The meeting lasted half an hour. 42．She lent me some books. 43．He asked me to help him clean the classroom. 44．Don’t leave the door open at night. 45．We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 46．The food stays fresh in the fridge. 47．His plan turned out a success. 48．We think it a good idea to keep a diary every day. 49．The leaves have turned yellow. 50．The sun rises in the east. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 1 Back to school 句子成分与基本句型 一、单项选择 1．Tom gave me a present yesterday.  划线部分的成分是 A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾补 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：昨天汤姆给我一份礼物。Tom作主语，gave“给”作谓语，me“我”作间接宾语，a present“一份礼物”作直接宾语，yesterday“昨天”作时间状语。故选A。 2．Talking to him is a mistake.  划线部分的成分是 A．主语 B．表语 C．宾语 D．宾补 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：和他说话是个错误。分析句子结构可知，本句中，Talking to him为动名词作主语； is为系动词； a mistake为名词作表语。故选B项。 3．The best gift for yourself is a healthy lifestyle. A．表语 B．主语 C．宾语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：给自己最好的礼物是健康的生活方式。The best gift for yourself是句子描述的主体，在句中作主语；is为系动词，系动词后接的成分称为表语；a healthy lifestyle用于说明主语“最好的礼物”是什么，在句中作表语。故选A。 4．He is a clever boy. A．主语 B．表语 C．状语 D．定语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他是个聪明的男孩。分析句子可知，句中的形容词“clever”修饰后面的名词“boy”，说明男孩的特征，作定语。故选D项。 5．The change won’t make you disappointed. (对划线部分进行句子成分划分) A．谓语 B．主语 C．宾补 D．直接宾语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这种变化不会让你失望的。分析句子可知，The change为主语；won’t make为谓语；you为宾语；disappointed为形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语you的状态。故选C项。 6．Every day, he was forced to work from morning till night. A．adverbial B．predicative C．attributive D．complement 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：他每天被迫从早到晚地工作。A. adverbial状语；B. predicative表语；C. attributive定语；D. complement补语。根据句意可知，Every day为时间状语。故选A。 7．The report sounds interesting. A．object B．subject C．complement D．predicative 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：这份报告听起来很有趣。分析句子结构可知，句中The report为主语，sounds为系动词，interesting为表语。故选D。 8．She lost her wallet on the way home. A．object B．verb C．adverbial D．attributive 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：她在回家的路上把钱包丢了。A. object宾语；B.verb谓语；C. adverbial状语；D. attributive定语。划线部分lost是动词，作谓语。故选B。 9．句子 “My sister told me a long story.”中，a long story 是什么句子成分? A．主语 B．直接宾语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：我的姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。told为动词作谓语，直接宾语为讲述的故事，即a long story，me为间接宾语。故选B。 10．The lady in the front of the room seemed to be someone famous. A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．定语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：坐在房间前面的那位女士似乎是个名人。主语为The lady；in the front of the room为介词短语作定语修饰名词lady；seemed为系动词；to be someone famous为表语。故选B。 11．John found it no easy job to get concentrated. A．表语 B．宾补 C．宾语 D．间接宾语 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：约翰发现要集中注意力不容易。此处主语为John，found为谓语，it作形式宾语，no easy job为宾语补足语，to get concentrated不定式为真正宾语。故选B。 12．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：不管任务有多难，我们必须在这个月完成它。分析句子的成分可知，该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句，主语为“we”，谓语为“ must fulfil ”宾语为“it”，“this month”为句子的宾语，划线部分为谓语。故选A。 13．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：当春天来临时，树木变绿。分析句子结构可知，Trees为主语，turn为系动词，green为表语；when spring comes为时间状语从句，状语从句中spring为主语，comes为谓语。故选A项。 14．“He is singing in the classroom.” The sentence follows the pattern of ____________. A．主+谓+(状) B．主+谓+双宾 C．主+谓+宾 D．主+谓+宾+宾补 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“他正在教室里唱歌。”这个句子遵循的句型是____________。分析句子成分可知，He作主语；is singing为谓语；in the classroom为介词短语，作地点状语。因此这个句子遵循的句型是“主+谓+(状)”。 15．“Studying and doing homework seem much more fun.” The sentence follows the pattern of ____________. A．主+谓+宾 B．主+系+表 C．主+谓+双宾 D．主+谓 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“学习和做作业似乎有趣得多。”该句子遵循的句型是____。本句中动名词短语Studying and doing homework作主语，seem为连系动词，much more fun作表语，构成了“主语+系动词+表语”的结构。 16．Which part describes the object complement (宾语补足语) of the sentence? “I heard him singing in the room.” A．I B．him C．singing D．in the room 【答案】C 【详解】句意：句子的哪一部分描述的是宾语补足语？“我听到他在房间里唱歌。” 分析句子结构可知，I是主语，heard是谓语动词，him是宾语，singing是宾语补足语，in the room是地点状语。 17．Hunters shot antelopes to make profits. A．主+谓 B．主+谓+宾+状语 C．主+谓+双宾语 D．主+系+表 【答案】B 【详解】考查句型结构。句意：猎人们为了获利猎杀羚羊。Hunters为主语；shot为谓语，是动词shoot的过去式；antelopes为宾语；to make profits为动词不定式，作目的状语。因此该句的结构为 主+谓+宾+状语，故选B。 18．Analyze the structure of the following sentence: His words made me smile. A．主谓宾 B．主谓双宾 C．主谓宾宾补 D．主系表 【答案】C 【详解】考查句型结构。句意：他的话让我笑了。His words为主语；made为谓语；me为宾语；不带to不定式为宾语补足语。因此本句句型为：主谓宾宾补。故选C。 19．She cooked her husband a delicious meal. A．S. V. ID．DO B．S. V. O. C．S. V. O. OC D．S. V. A． 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：她为丈夫做了一顿美味的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，She是主语，cooked是谓语，her husband是间接宾语，a delicious meal是直接宾语，因此句子结构是S. V. ID. DO。故选A。 20．The teacher considers this student the most creative in class. 请判断划线部分的句子成分： A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．宾语补足语 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子成分。句意：这位老师认为这个学生是班上最具创造力的学生。The teacher为主语；considers为谓语；this student为宾语；the most creative为宾语补足语；in class为状语。故选D。 21．分析句子结构：I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. A．SVP B．SVO C．SVOO D．SVOC 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我一点儿也不觉得尴尬或害怕。A. SVP主系表；B. SVO主谓宾；C. SVOO主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；D. SVOC主谓宾+宾语补足语。句子中，“I(我)”是主语（S），“didn’t feel(不觉得)”是谓语动词，系动词（V），“awkward or frightened(尴尬或害怕)”用于说明主语的状态，作表语（P）。该句子结构为“主语+谓语+表语”，即SVP。故选A。 22．分析句子结构：I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A．SVP B．SVO C．SVOO D．SVOC 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我发现我的大多数同学和老师都友好且乐于助人。A. SVP（主系表）；B. SVO（主谓宾）；C. SVOO（双宾语）；D. SVOC（主谓宾 + 宾语补足语）。分析句子结构可知，本句中I为主语；found为谓语；most of my classmates and teachers为宾语；friendly and helpful为宾补，补充说明宾语的性质状态，符合“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补”结构。故选D项。 23．It/ will be/ quite difficult/ to get used to all the homework. A．主+谓+状+宾补B．主+系+表+主 C．主+系+表+状 D．主+系+表+宾补 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：要习惯所有的家庭作业是相当困难的。在该句中，It 是形式主语；will be 是系动词；其后的quite difficult是形容词短语作表语，与It will be 构成“主系表”结构，其中quite是副词修饰形容词difficult；to get used to all the homework是不定式短语作真正的主语。故选B。 24．/I/ found/ most of my classmates and teachers/ friendly and helpful. A．主+谓+宾+宾补 B．主+谓+宾+状 C．主+谓+宾+表 D．主+谓+宾+定 【答案】A 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好且乐于助人。主语是“I”，谓语是“found”；“most of my classmates and teachers”是宾语，作谓语“found”的动作对象；“friendly and helpful”是形容词短语，用于补充说明宾语“most of my classmates and teachers”的性质和状态，属于宾语补足语。整个句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”。故选A项。 25．The sentence structure of “His face turns red.” is _______ A．主语+谓语（S+V） B．主语+谓语+间宾+直宾（S+V+IO+DO） C．主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（S+V+O+OC） D．主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P） 【答案】D 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“His face turns red.”的句子结构是_______。分析句子可知，“His face (他的脸)”是主语，表示句子描述的对象；“turns (变得)”在此处作系动词；“red (红色的)”是表语，用于说明主语的状态。所以为“主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）”的结构。故选D项。 26．I find the story she told us very interesting. 分析句子结构 A．SVOO B．SVOC C．SVOA D．SVP 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我发现她给我们讲的故事非常有趣。A. SVOO主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；B. SVOC 主谓宾+宾语补足语；C. SVOA主谓宾状；D. SVP主系表。句子中，“I(我)”是主语（S），“find(发现)”是谓语动词（V），“the story she told us(她给我们讲的故事)”是宾语（O），“very interesting(非常有趣)”用于补充说明宾语的特征，作宾语补足语（OC）。该句子结构为 “主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”，即SVOC。故选B。 27．Which sentence pattern does the sentence “Our teacher asked us to finish the homework before class” follow?​ A．S+V+O (主谓宾) B．S+V+IO+DO (主谓双宾) C．S+V+O+C (主谓宾补) D．S+V+P (主系表) 【答案】C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：我们的老师要求我们在上课前完成作业。“Our teacher”（我们的老师）是主语（S），“asked”（要求）是谓语（V），“us”（我们）是宾语（O），“to finish the homework before class”（课前完成作业）是宾语补足语（C），符合“主谓宾补（S+V+O+C）”结构。故选C。 28．Which of the following sentences belongs to the Subject + Predicate structure? A．He is a good boy. B．Birds fly. C．She likes apples. D．My mother bought me a dress. 【答案】B 【详解】考查句子成分。问题句意：以下哪个句子属于主语+谓语结构？分析句子可知，Subject + Predicate（主谓结构）是指主语发出动作，且谓语是不及物动词，仅靠主语和谓语句子意思就完整。A 选项 “He is a good boy” 是主系表结构，有系动词 “is”；C 选项 “She likes apples” 是主谓宾结构，“likes（喜欢）” 是及物动词，后面有宾语 “apples”；D 选项 “My mother bought me a dress” 是主谓双宾结构。而 B 选项 “Birds fly” 中，“Birds（鸟）” 是主语，“fly（飞）” 是不及物动词作谓语，符合主谓结构特点。故选B项。 29．Those students are practicing spoken English in the language lab now. A．SVP B．SV C．SVO D．SVOC 【答案】C 【详解】考查句子结构。句意：那些学生现在正在语音室练习英语口语。分析句子可知，Subject（主语）：Those students（那些学生）；Verb（谓语）：are practicing（正在练习，现在进行时）；Object（宾语）：spoken English（英语口语）；句中“in the language lab”和“now”为状语，不影响基本句型。基本句型为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”（SVO）。故选C项。 30．The professor will give us a meaningful lecture on environmental protection tomorrow. A．SVOC B．SVP C．SVOO D．SVO 【答案】C 【详解】考查基本句型。句意：教授明天将给我们做一场关于环境保护的有意义讲座。The professor为“主语”；“will give”为“谓语”；“us”为间接宾语；“a meaningful lecture”为“直接宾语”。所以本句为“主谓宾宾”结构。故选C项。 二、按要求完成题目 指出画线部分在下列各个句子中所作的成分 31．To go to bed early is a good habit, so you’d better stick to it. ( ) 32．This pair of shoes is hers. ( ) 33．My hobby is collecting stamps. ( ) 34．We should help the poor. ( ) 35．Bob promised to help me. ( ) 36．Please tell me how the accident came about. ( ) 37．His mother made him stay at home. ( ) 38．The buildings around were badly damaged. ( ) 39．My wish to visit France has come true at last. ( ) 40．Mr Wang raised his voice to be heard by all the students. ( ) 【答案】 31．主语 32．表语 33．表语 34．宾语 35．宾语 36．间接宾语，直接宾语 37．宾语补足语 38．定语 39．定语 40．状语 【详解】31．考查句子成分。句意：早睡是一个好习惯，所以你最好坚持它。本句so连接两个分句，前一分句中的句子结构为：To go to bed early (主语) is (系动词) a good habit (表语)。画线部分不定式短语To go to bed early在句中作主语。 32．考查句子成分。句意：这双鞋是她的。本句句子结构为：This pair of shoes (主语) is (系动词) hers (表语)。画线部分名词性物主代词hers放在系动词is之后，在句中作表语。 33．考查句子成分。句意：我的爱好是收集邮票。本句句子结构为：My hobby (主语) is (系动词) collecting stamps (表语)。画线部分动名词短语collecting stamps放在系动词is之后，在句中作表语。 34．考查句子成分。句意：我们应该帮助穷人。本句句子结构为：We (主语) should help (谓语) the poor (宾语)。画线部分the poor表示“穷人”这一类人，放在及物动词help之后，作动词的宾语。 35．考查句子成分。句意：鲍勃承诺会帮助我。本句句子结构为：Bob (主语) promised (谓语) to help me (宾语)。promise后接不定式作宾语，画线部分不定式短语to help me在句中作宾语。 36．考查句子成分。句意：请告诉我这起事故是怎么发生的。本句句子结构为：Please tell (谓语) me (间接宾语) how the accident came about (直接宾语)。本句是祈使句，及物动词tell后接双宾语结构，画线部分代词me是动作tell的承受对象，指人，是间接宾语；从句how the accident came about是tell的具体内容，是直接宾语。 37．考查句子成分。句意：他的妈妈让他待在家里。本句句子结构为：His mother (主语) made (谓语) him (宾语) stay at home (宾语补足语)。make是使役动词，结构为make sb. do sth.，画线部分省略to的不定式短语stay at home用来补充说明宾语him发出的动作，在句中作宾语补足语。 38．考查句子成分。句意：周边的建筑物受损严重。本句句子结构为：The buildings (主语) around (定语) were badly damaged (谓语)。本句是主谓结构的被动语态，画线部分副词around放在名词The buildings之后，用来修饰限定名词，在句中作定语。 39．考查句子成分。句意：我游览法国的愿望最终实现了。本句句子结构为：My wish (主语) to visit France (定语) has come true (谓语) at last (状语)。画线部分不定式短语to visit France放在名词My wish之后，用来修饰限定名词wish，在句中作定语。 40．考查句子成分。句意：王老师提高了嗓音，好让所有学生都能听到他说话。本句句子结构为：Mr Wang (主语) raised (谓语) his voice (宾语) to be heard by all the students (状语)。画线部分不定式短语to be heard by all the students用来说明提高嗓音的目的，在句中作目的状语。 用中文写出下列句子属于哪种基本句型(主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾宾、主谓宾宾补) 41．The meeting lasted half an hour. 42．She lent me some books. 43．He asked me to help him clean the classroom. 44．Don’t leave the door open at night. 45．We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 46．The food stays fresh in the fridge. 47．His plan turned out a success. 48．We think it a good idea to keep a diary every day. 49．The leaves have turned yellow. 50．The sun rises in the east. 【答案】 41．主谓(状) 42．主谓宾宾 43．主谓宾宾补 44．主谓宾宾补(状) 45．主谓宾(状) 46．主系表(状) 47．主系表 48．主谓宾宾补 49．主系表 50．主谓(状) 【详解】41．考查句子类型。句意：会议持续了半小时。主语为The meeting，谓语为lasted，half an hour为状语。故填主谓(状)。 42．考查句子类型。句意：她借给我一些书。主语为She，谓语为lent，me为间接宾语，some books为直接宾语。故填主谓宾宾。 43．考查句子类型。句意：他让我帮他打扫教室。主语为He，谓语为asked，me作宾语，to help him clean the classroom为宾补。故填主谓宾宾补。 44．考查句子类型。句意：晚上别让门开着。此处为否定祈使句，省略了主语，谓语为leave，the door为宾语，open为宾补，at night为状语。故填主谓宾宾补(状)。 45．考查句子类型。句意：我们昨天在农场种了很多树。主语为We，谓语为planted，a lot of trees为宾语，on the farm yesterday为状语。故填主谓宾(状)。 46．考查句子类型。句意：食物在冰箱里能保持新鲜。主语为The food，stays为系动词，fresh为表语，in the fridge为状语。故填主系表(状)。 47．考查句子类型。句意：他的计划最终很成功。主语为His plan，turned out为系动词，a success为表语。故填主系表。 48．考查句子类型。句意：我们认为每天写日记是个好主意。主语为We，谓语为think，it作形式宾语，a good idea为宾语补足语，to keep a diary every day为真正宾语。故填主谓宾宾补。 49．考查句子类型。句意：树叶已经变黄了。主语为The leaves，have turned为系动词，yellow为表语。故填主系表。 50．考查句子类型。句意：太阳从东方升起。主语为The sun，谓语为rises，in the east为状语。故填主谓(状)。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $