摘要:
**基本信息**
以“词汇-句型-篇章”三级架构系统构建太阳系主题写作能力,融合语言能力培养与科学思维训练。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|写作素材库|2类主题词汇+16个高频搭配|主题词汇分类记忆法|从基础概念(行星名称)到特征描述(直径/温度)的词汇链构建|
|黄金句型库|4类功能句型+6组句型升级|句型升级四步法(基础句→细节补充→对比强化→逻辑拓展)|从简单句到复合句的表达进阶,体现思维品质提升|
|高分写作方法|1篇典例精析|审题三要素(内容/时态/结构)+篇章五步法(开篇点题→过渡衔接→逻辑递进→长短句交错→首尾呼应)|以木星介绍为例,展示“事实陈述-科学推理-情感表达”的写作逻辑|
|阶梯训练|3级句子训练+1篇篇章训练|从句子翻译到篇章创作的阶梯式训练法|语言能力从基础到综合的迁移应用,培养学习能力|
内容正文:
Unit 6 Earth and Beyond
单元写作专项训练
一、单元核心信息
二、写作素材库
1. 主题词汇
太阳系与行星
solar system 太阳系
Sun 太阳
Earth 地球
Moon 月球
planet 行星
Mercury 水星
Venus 金星
Mars 火星
Jupiter 木星
Saturn 土星
Uranus 天王星
Neptune 海王星
asteroid 小行星
orbit 轨道
行星特征
diameter 直径
surface 表面
temperature 温度
atmosphere 大气
soil 土壤
ocean 海洋
ice 冰
gas 气体
rock 岩石
distance 距离
size 大小
color 颜色
gravity 重力
2. 高频搭配
solar system 太阳系
go around 绕行
at the center of 在……的中心
a distance of ……的距离
on the surface of 在……的表面
because of 因为
in common 共同的;共有的
be similar to 与……相似
be different from 与……不同
as for 至于
neither ... nor ... 既不……也不……
make up 组成
at least 至少
millions of 数百万的
be alive with 充满……的
3. 写作功能表达
介绍太阳系
There are ... planets in the solar system.
太阳系有……颗行星。
... is at the center of the solar system.
……在太阳系的中心。
They all go around the Sun.
它们都围绕太阳运行。
描述行星特征
... has a diameter of ... kilometers.
……的直径是……公里。
... is ... kilometers away from the Sun.
……距离太阳……公里。
The temperature on ... is ...
……上的温度是……
It looks ... because of ...
它看起来……因为……
进行对比
... is bigger / smaller than ...
……比……大/小。
... is the largest / smallest planet.
……是最大/最小的行星。
... is closer to the Sun than ...
……比……离太阳更近。
... is farther from the Sun than ...
……比……离太阳更远。
..., while ... 然而……
表达探索愿望
We hope to ... one day.
我们希望有一天……
I want to explore ... in the future.
未来我想探索……
Scientists are looking for life on ...
科学家正在……寻找生命。
三、黄金句型库
1. 开头句型
The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets.
太阳系由太阳和八大行星组成。
I would like to compare Earth and Mars.
我想比较一下地球和火星。
... is one of the most amazing planets in the solar system.
……是太阳系中最神奇的行星之一。
Let me introduce ... to you.
让我向你介绍……
2. 主体句型
Earth is a middle-sized planet with a diameter of around 13,000 kilometers.
地球是一颗中等大小的行星,直径约13000公里。
Mars is smaller than Earth.
火星比地球小。
The inner planets are smaller and made of rocks and soil.
内行星较小,由岩石和土壤构成。
The outer planets are larger and made of gas with rocks inside.
外行星较大,由气体和内部的岩石构成。
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun.
水星是离太阳最近的行星。
Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun.
海王星是离太阳最远的行星。
3. 结尾句型
Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe.
火星在等着我们去探索,宇宙也是一样。
We still have a lot to learn about the universe.
关于宇宙我们还有很多要了解。
I hope that one day we can travel to other planets.
我希望有一天我们能去其他行星旅行。
Exploring space is part of what makes us human.
探索太空是我们作为人类的一部分。
4. 句型升级
基础句
升级句
Earth is a planet. 地球是一颗行星。
Earth is a middle-sized planet with a diameter of around 13,000 kilometers. 地球是一颗中等大小的行星,直径约13000公里。
Mars is smaller than Earth. 火星比地球小。
Mars is smaller than Earth. It has a diameter of around 6,800 kilometers. 火星比地球小。它的直径约6800公里。
Mars is far from the Sun. 火星离太阳很远。
Mars is about 228 million kilometers away from the Sun, while Earth is about 150 million kilometers away. 火星离太阳约2.28亿公里,而地球约1.5亿公里。
Mars is cold. 火星很冷。
The temperature on Mars is about minus 63°C, while the temperature on Earth is about 14°C on average. 火星上的温度约为零下63摄氏度,而地球上的平均温度约为14摄氏度。
There is water on Mars. 火星上有水。
There is a lot of ice under the ground on Mars. On Earth, we have water both on and under the ground. 火星地下有很多冰。而地球上,我们在地表上下都有水。
四、高分写作方法
典例精析
学校航空爱好者社团正在举办一场展演,他们请你写一篇关于木星的英文介绍,用于展出。请以“My Favorite Planet——Jupiter”为题,根据下面的提示内容,用英语写一篇介绍木星的短文。
写作内容:1.木星是太阳系中最大的行星,比其他所有行星加起来还要大;
2.它有一个著名的大红斑,是一场巨大的风暴 (storm);
3.木星有很多卫星 (moon),其中一些卫星很特别,像木卫二 (Europa) 可能存在液态水 (liquid water);
4.科学家们对木星很感兴趣,一直在研究它。
写作要求:1.短文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名;
2.词数100词左右。
My Favorite Planet — Jupiter
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【审题构思】
先明确三点:写什么、用什么时态、分几段来写。
内容上,题目给出四个要点:木星的大小与地位、大红斑特征、卫星与木卫二的特殊性、科学家的研究兴趣。时态上用一般现在时介绍木星的基本事实。结构上分三段:先点明木星是作者最喜欢的行星并概述其最大特征,再分述大红斑和卫星两个具体亮点,最后以科学家的研究兴趣收尾并呼应喜爱之情。
【范文欣赏】
My Favorite Planet — Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system. It's much larger than all the other planets put together.
There is one very special thing on Jupiter — the Great Red Spot. It's a huge storm. This storm lasts for a long time. Jupiter has many moons. One of them is called Europa. Scientists think there may be liquid water on Europa. Water is very important because where there is water, there might be life.
Scientists are very interested in Jupiter and study it all the time. They hope to learn more about Jupiter and the universe. I like Jupiter too. It's so interesting and there's so much to learn about it.
【亮点解析】
开篇直击主题。 第一句点明木星的最大特征“biggest planet”,紧接着用“much larger than all the other planets put together”强化对比,信息密度高,读者立刻抓住核心。
过渡自然流畅。 “There is one very special thing on Jupiter — the Great Red Spot”中的“one very special thing”承接上文的“biggest”,自然引出下一个特点——大红斑。破折号的使用使节奏明快,重点突出。
逻辑层层递进。 从“Scientists think there may be liquid water on Europa”到“where there is water, there might be life”,先陈述科学家的推测,再解释推测为何重要。事实与推理环环相扣,体现科学写作的严谨性。
长短句交错。 “It's a huge storm. This storm lasts for a long time.”两个短句简洁有力,与前后稍长的句子形成对比,读起来有节奏感。
结尾呼应开头。 “I like Jupiter too”中的“too”将话题从“科学家的兴趣”拉回“我”的视角,与前文“Scientists are very interested in Jupiter”形成呼应。“so interesting”和“so much to learn”既总结了全文,又表达了继续探索的愿望。
单元核心词汇运用准确。 文中多次使用本单元核心表达:the biggest planet(最高级)、solar system、much larger than(比较级)、moons、liquid water、Scientists think等,体现了对单元知识的活学活用。
五、阶梯训练
(一)句子训练
Level 1 汉译英
1. 太阳系由太阳和八大行星组成。
____________________________________________________________
2. 地球是一颗中等大小的行星,直径约13000公里。
____________________________________________________________
3. 火星比地球小,直径约6800公里。
____________________________________________________________
4. 水星是离太阳最近的行星。
____________________________________________________________
5. 火星在等着我们去探索,宇宙也是一样。
____________________________________________________________
Level 2 句型仿写(参照例句完成句子)
句型 1:... is made up of ...(描述组成)
例句: The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets.
(1)太阳系由太阳、行星和其他天体组成。
____________________________________________________________
(2)地球由陆地和水域组成。
____________________________________________________________
句型 2:... has a diameter of ...(描述直径)
例句: Earth has a diameter of around 13,000 kilometers.
(1)火星的直径约6800公里。
____________________________________________________________
(2)木星的直径约140000公里。
____________________________________________________________
句型 3:... is ... than ...(进行比较)
例句: Mars is smaller than Earth.
(1)地球比火星大。
____________________________________________________________
(2)水星比地球离太阳更近。
____________________________________________________________
句型 4:... is the ... planet(描述最高级)
例句: Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun.
(1)木星是太阳系中最大的行星。
____________________________________________________________
(2)地球是太阳系中唯一有生命的行星。
____________________________________________________________
句型 5:The temperature on ... is ...(描述温度)
例句: The temperature on Mars is about minus 63°C.
(1)地球上的平均温度约为14°C。
____________________________________________________________
(2)海王星上的温度约为零下200°C。
____________________________________________________________
句型 6:... is waiting for us to explore.(表达探索愿望)
例句: Mars is waiting for us to explore.
(1)宇宙在等着我们去探索。
____________________________________________________________
(2)太阳系还有很多秘密在等着我们去发现。
____________________________________________________________
Level 3 句子升级
要求:参照下方示例,将基础句升级为内容更丰富、表达更高级的句子。
示例:
基础句:Earth is a planet.
升级句:Earth is a middle-sized planet with a diameter of around 13,000 kilometers.
1. 基础句:Mars is smaller than Earth.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
2. 基础句:Mars is far from the Sun.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
3. 基础句:Mars is cold.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
4. 基础句:There is water on Mars.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
5. 基础句:Earth is special.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
6. 基础句:We want to explore space.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
(二)篇章训练
1.亲爱的同学们,探索宇宙对我们人类的未来发展具有重大意义。假如你校英语俱乐部正在开展主题为“My Space Knowledge”的演讲活动,请你根据下面的要点写一篇英语发言稿。
写作要点:1.Which planet(s) do you know about?
2. Introduce the planet(s).
写作要求:1. 文中须包括所给要点,可适当发挥;
2. 文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等);
3. 词数不少于80 。
My Space Knowledge
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Level 1 汉译英
1. The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets.
2. Earth is a middle-sized planet with a diameter of around 13,000 kilometers.
3. Mars is smaller than Earth, with a diameter of around 6,800 kilometers.
4. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun.
5. Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe.
Level 2 句型仿写
句型 1
(1)The solar system is made up of the Sun, planets and other objects.
(2)Earth is made up of land and water.
句型 2
(1)Mars has a diameter of around 6,800 kilometers.
(2)Jupiter has a diameter of about 140,000 kilometers.
句型 3
(1)Earth is bigger than Mars.
(2)Mercury is closer to the Sun than Earth.
句型 4
(1)Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
(2)Earth is the only planet with life in the solar system.
句型 5
(1)The average temperature on Earth is about 14°C.
(2)The temperature on Neptune is about minus 200°C.
句型 6
(1)The universe is waiting for us to explore.
(2)The solar system has many secrets waiting for us to discover.
Level 3 句子升级
(以下为参考升级答案,其他合理升级也可接受)
1. 升级句:Mars is smaller than Earth. It has a diameter of around 6,800 kilometers, while Earth’s diameter is around 13,000 kilometers.
2. 升级句:Mars is about 228 million kilometers away from the Sun, while Earth is about 150 million kilometers away.
3. 升级句:The temperature on Mars is about minus 63°C, while the temperature on Earth is about 14°C on average.
4. 升级句:There is a lot of ice under the ground on Mars. On Earth, we have water both on and under the ground.
5. 升级句:Earth is a special planet because it is the only planet with life in the solar system.
6. 升级句:We want to explore space not only to learn more about the universe but also to find new places for human beings.
篇章训练(参考范文)
1.例文
My Space Knowledge
I know about Mars. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. And it’s the second smallest planet in the solar system. I think it’s very interesting.
Mars is a planet with a thin atmosphere. And it’s very cold on Mars. The average temperature on Mars is about -63℃. Scientists have found that Mars was once warm and wet. But now the thin atmosphere of Mars is mainly made up of carbon dioxide. And there is almost no oxygen in it.
I think people will be able to travel to Mars in the future. And I wish I could live on Mars one day.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材: 本文是一篇演讲稿;
②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;
③提示:写作要点已给出,考生应注意不要遗漏关于火星的基本信息、环境特征、科学发现及未来展望等内容,适当增加细节,使文章重点突出。
[写作步骤]
第一步:开头已给出,引出对火星知识的介绍;
第二步:具体介绍火星的基本信息、环境特征、科学发现及未来展望;
第三步:总结全文,表达对未来探索火星的期待。
[亮点词汇]
①thin atmosphere稀薄大气层
②average temperature平均温度
③was once warm and wet曾经温暖湿润
④mainly made up of主要由……组成
⑤travel to Mars前往火星
[高分句型]
①Mars is a planet with a thin atmosphere. (with短语作后置定语)
②Scientists have found that Mars was once warm and wet. (that引导的宾语从句)
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